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Pronkin PG, Sorokina ON, Tatikolov AS. Spectral-fluorescent study of substituted trimethine cyanine dyes in solutions and in complexes with DNA. Effects of aggregation, moderate heating, and decreasing pH. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124611. [PMID: 38852304 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Trimethine cyanine dyes are widely used as probes for the detection, study and quantification of biomolecules. In particular, cationic trimethine cyanines noncovalently interact with DNA with growing fluorescence. However, their use is often limited by the tendency to self-association - to the formation of aggregates. Disubstituted trimethine cyanines with hydrophobic substituents are especially prone to aggregation. In this work, we studied the interaction of a number of substituted trimethine cyanines with DNA (in aqueous buffer solutions) and showed that their aggregation strongly interfered with their use as fluorescent probes for DNA. To eliminate this drawback, preliminary heating of dye solutions with DNA to 60-70 °C was used, followed by cooling to room temperature. Compared to the experiments without heating, an increase in the dye fluorescence intensity was observed due to the partial thermal decomposition of the aggregates and the interaction of the resulting monomers with DNA. To decompose aggregates, another method was also used - protonation of the dyes with amino substituents in buffer solutions with pH 5.0, which also led to growing the dye fluorescence intensity in the presence of DNA. Complexes of the dyes with DNA were modeled using molecular docking. Effective binding constants of the dyes to DNA and detection limits when using the dyes as probes for DNA (LOD and LOQ) were determined. It is shown that dye 3 with heating in neutral buffer and dye 1 in acidic buffer may be recommended as sensitive probes for DNA. It is concluded that the method of preliminary heating may be applied to dyes prone to aggregation, for improving their properties as biomolecular probes. Another possible means to reduce the interfering effects of dye aggregates is to use easily protonated dyes (with amino substituents) in slightly acidic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel G Pronkin
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga N Sorokina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Tatikolov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Srinivasarao M, Jenkins DW. Nanotubes of a Different Kind: Stoichiometry and Geometry of the Orange II/γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Water. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:4967-4975. [PMID: 38828190 PMCID: PMC11137737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Orange II (O-II), a water-soluble ionic azo dye, aggregates and eventually forms needle-like crystals at concentrations greater than 0.15 M. However, when equimolar amounts of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) are added to solutions containing O-II at 0.025 M or higher, the solution's appearance rapidly changes presenting a viscous, birefringent liquid, a lyotropic liquid crystalline solution. Birefringence is absent when viewing aqueous solutions of only O-II or γ-CD at concentrations greater than 0.03 M. Using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, coupled with conductivity measurements, we postulate a structure for the basic "building block" of the self-assembly that eventually gives rise to a rodlike superstructure, leading to the formation of a lyotropic liquid crystalline phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Srinivasarao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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3
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Yao Y, Sun X, Zhang Z, Yu H, Yang X, Ding D, Gao X. Azulene-Containing Bis(squaraine) Dyes: Design, Synthesis and Aggregation Behaviors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400474. [PMID: 38456559 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The relationship among chemical structure, physicochemical property and aggregation behavior of organic functional material is an important research topic. Here, we designed and synthesized three bis(squaraine) dyes BSQ1, BSQ2 and BSQ3 through the combination of two kinds of unsymmetrical azulenyl squaraine monomers. Their physicochemical properties were investigated in both molecular and aggregate states. Generally, BSQ1 displayed different assembly behaviors from BSQ2 and BSQ3. Upon fabrication into nanoparticles, BSQ1 tend to form J-aggregates while BSQ2 and BSQ3 tend to form H-aggregates in aqueous medium. When in the form of thin films, three bis(squaraine) dyes all adopted J-aggregation packing modes while only BSQ1 presented the most significant rearrangement of aggregate structures as well as the improvement in the carrier mobilities upon thermal annealing. Our research highlights the discrepancy of aggregation behaviors originating from the molecular structure and surrounding circumstances, providing guidance for the molecular design and functional applications of squaraines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Sun
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zuyuan Zhang
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Haoyun Yu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xike Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
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4
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Maeda CH, Moretti AL, Diório A, Braga MUC, Scheufele FB, Barros MASD, Arroyo PA. The influence of electrolytes in the adsorption kinetics of reactive BF-5G blue dye on bone char: a mass transfer model. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:794-810. [PMID: 36164805 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2128891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of harmful dyes in water bodies is a serious pollution problem, dangerous for the ecosystem's equilibrium and human health. In this sense, the aim of this work was to determine the influence of electrolytes (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2) in the adsorption of Reactive Blue BF-5G dye, the most common dye used in industrial process for fabric colouring, using bovine bone char as the adsorbent. The bovine bone char was characterized by pH of point of zero charge (pHPZC), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffractometry (XDR). The characterization revealed a mesoporous structure (pore mean diameter of 94 Å and SBET ∼107 m2 g-1) with negative charge distribution at the surface (pHPZC = 3.8). The adsorption experiments revealed that the presence of KCl enhanced the material adsorption capacity (qmax = 195 mg g-1), that the Sips isotherm best fitted the experimental data (R2 > 0.9 except for KCl solution) and the adsorption process was mono- and multilayered. The kinetic adsorption experiments indicated that the inorganic electrolytes increased the initial adsorption velocity and the data was best modelled by the surface diffusional model (SDM), implying a resistance (aqueous > CaCl2 > NaCl > MgCl2 > KCl) to mass transfer at the surface of the pores which, in turn, prevented the dye diffusion to the interior of the adsorbent (qe = 71 mg g-1). Therefore, small quantities of KCl can be used to lower the mass transfer resistance and provide higher adsorption capacity with reduced time of operation, thus increasing the overall process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Maeda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - A L Moretti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - A Diório
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - M U C Braga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - F B Scheufele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Toledo, Brazil
| | - M A S D Barros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - P A Arroyo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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5
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Preparation of Breadfruit Leaf Biochar for the Application of Congo Red Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution and Optimization of Factors by RSM-BBD. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7369027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, biochar produced from breadfruit leaves was utilized to remove the toxic Congo red dye. XRD, FTIR, and FESEM-EDX were implemented to characterize the biochar. Response surface methodology (RSM) and the Box-Behnken design (BBD) techniques were used to evaluate Congo red’s optimum adsorption efficiency. The adsorption of Congo red was studied by varying dye concentrations (5–50 mg/L), times (30–240 min), pH (6–9), and dosages (0.5–2 g/100 mL). X-ray diffractometer results show that the structure of biochar is amorphous. The biochar exhibited unbounded OH, aliphatic CH group, and C=O stretch, as shown by the band peaks at 3340 cm−1, 2924 cm−1, and 1625 cm−1 intensities. RSM-BBD design results showed maximum removal efficiency of 99.96% for Congo red at pH 6.37, dye concentration 45 mg/L, time 105 min, and dosage 1.92 g, respectively. The adsorption of Congo red by biochar was successfully modeled using the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model. The biochar produced from breadfruit leaves exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 17.81 mg/g for Congo red adsorption. It suggests that the adsorption is both homogenous monolayer and physicochemical.
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Investigation of Catalytic and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Using Doped LaMnO3 Compounds. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
LaMnO3 and 1% Pd-, Ag-, or Y-doped perovskite type nanomaterials were prepared by the sol-gel method, followed by heat treatment at a low temperature (600 °C for 6 h). The investigation through X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that all samples were well crystallized, without secondary phases, and that the transition metal doping changed the crystal structure from the R-3c space group for the undoped LaMnO3 to the Pm-3m space group for the doped perovskite compounds. In this research paper, the efficiencies of the perovskite LaMnO3 materials for methyl orange removal were analyzed, wherein the effect of the doping ions and of the pH on the catalytic activity were studied together with a kinetic approach for the LaMnO3 materials at different values of the pH. Moreover, in the catalytic activity, it should be noted that a slightly better performance was obtained for the Ag-doped materials compared to the Y- and Pd-doped perovskite samples. The results presented for the perovskite LaMnO3 nanomaterials reinforce the interest in these multifunctional materials to be used in industrial applications; e.g., in water treatment.
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7
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Fluorescent H-aggregates of pure rhodamine B (RhB) in glycerol, ethylene glycol, methanol and butanol under ambient condition. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Khan NA, Zhang R, Wang X, Cao L, Azad CS, Fan C, Yuan J, Long M, Wu H, Olson MA, Jiang Z. Assembling covalent organic framework membranes via phase switching for ultrafast molecular transport. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3169. [PMID: 35672299 PMCID: PMC9174484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of covalent organic framework (COF) membranes for molecular transport has excited highly pragmatic interest as a low energy and cost-effective route for molecular separations. However, currently, most COF membranes are assembled via a one-step procedure in liquid phase(s) by concurrent polymerization and crystallization, which are often accompanied by a loosely packed and less ordered structure. Herein, we propose a two-step procedure via a phase switching strategy, which decouples the polymerization process and the crystallization process to assemble compact and highly crystalline COF membranes. In the pre-assembly step, the mixed monomer solution is casted into a pristine membrane in the liquid phase, along with the completion of polymerization process. In the assembly step, the pristine membrane is transformed into a COF membrane in the vapour phase of solvent and catalyst, along with the completion of crystallization process. Owing to the compact and highly crystalline structure, the resultant COF membranes exhibit an unprecedented permeance (water ≈ 403 L m-2 bar-1 h-1 and acetonitrile ≈ 519 L m-2 bar-1 h-1). Our two-step procedure via phase switching strategy can open up a new avenue to the fabrication of advanced organic crystalline microporous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Runnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192, Tianjin, China. .,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, 315201, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Chandra S Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengying Long
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192, Tianjin, China. .,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, 315201, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
| | - Mark A Olson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192, Tianjin, China. .,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, 315201, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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de Araújo TP, Tavares FDO, Vareschini DT, Barros MASD. Biosorption mechanisms of cationic and anionic dyes in a low-cost residue from brewer's spent grain. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2925-2940. [PMID: 31958234 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1718217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The brewer's spent grain (BSG) is a byproduct of the brewing industry produced in large quantities and with few ecological disposal options. The use of this low-cost residue was investigated for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and tartrazine yellow (TY) dyes. The BSG has been extensively characterized to obtain its physicochemical characteristics. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of biosorption parameters: initial pH, kinetics, equilibrium isotherms and adsorption thermodynamics. The characterization showed high carbon content and heterogeneous morphology with the presence of meso and macropores. The best experimental conditions were obtained as pH 11 for MB and pH 2 for TY. Kinetics resulted in an equilibrium time of 240 min for MB and 300 min for TY and was best represented by the pseudo-second order model. Different interaction mechanisms were suggested, such as electrostatic interactions, electron donors and electron acceptors, hydrogen bonds, π-π dispersion interactions and the dye molecules aggregation. Equilibrium data were better represented by Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorbed amount of MB and TY was 284.75 and 26.18 mg/g, respectively, in each better experimental condition. Through the thermodynamic analysis, it was observed that the adsorption of the dyes was spontaneous and favourable. MB is preferentially retained through chemisorption, whereas TY followed a physical process. Considering the characteristics and results found compared to the recent literature, it was verified that BSG can be used as an effective and innovative biosorbent for removal purposes of dyeing effluent.
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10
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Physicochemical analysis of multilayer adsorption mechanism of anionic dyes on lignocellulosic biomasses via statistical physics and density functional theory. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Study of dye desorption mechanism of bone char utilizing different regenerating agents. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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12
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Nicola R, Muntean SG, Nistor MA, Putz AM, Almásy L, Săcărescu L. Highly efficient and fast removal of colored pollutants from single and binary systems, using magnetic mesoporous silica. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127737. [PMID: 32738712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic mesoporous silica material was tested as adsorbent for removal of two usual colored compounds present in industrial wastewater. The magnetic mesoporous silica was synthesized by modified sol-gel method and characterized from the morpho-textural, structural and magnetic point of view. The specific surface area and the total pore volume indicate a good adsorption capacity of the material, and the obtained saturation magnetization strength value denotes a good magnetic separation from solution. The adsorption capacity of magnetic mesoporous silica increases with the increase of the initial dye concentration, and the removal efficiency of the dyes was dependent on the pH of the solution and decreased with increasing temperature. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described best the adsorption mechanism, and the maximum adsorption capacities were determined from the Sips isotherm model, being 88.29 mg/g for Congo Red and 208.31 mg/g for Methylene Blue. A complete thermodynamic evaluation was performed, by determining the free energy, enthalpy and entropy, and the result showed a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. The recovery and reutilization of the adsorbent were estimated in five cycles of adsorption-desorption, and the results indicated a good stability and reusability of magnetic mesoporous silica. The new magnetic mesoporous silica can be easily separated from solution, via an external magnetic field, and may be effectively applied as adsorbent for elimination of dyes from colored polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Nicola
- "Coriolan Drăgulescu" Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, RO-300223, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Simona-Gabriela Muntean
- "Coriolan Drăgulescu" Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, RO-300223, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Maria-Andreea Nistor
- "Coriolan Drăgulescu" Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, RO-300223, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Putz
- "Coriolan Drăgulescu" Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, RO-300223, Timişoara, Romania
| | - László Almásy
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, POB 49, Budapest, 1525, Hungary
| | - Liviu Săcărescu
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Petru Poni", 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda str., 700487, Iasi, Romania
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13
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Effect of aggregation on the simple ion transfer across oil|water interfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Lu X, Gabinet UR, Ritt CL, Feng X, Deshmukh A, Kawabata K, Kaneda M, Hashmi SM, Osuji CO, Elimelech M. Relating Selectivity and Separation Performance of Lamellar Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS 2) Membranes to Nanosheet Stacking Behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9640-9651. [PMID: 32598838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased demand for highly selective and energy-efficient separations processes has stimulated substantial interest in emerging two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials as a potential platform for next-generation membranes. However, persistently poor separation performance continues to hinder the viability of many novel 2D-nanosheet membranes in desalination applications. In this study, we examine the role of the lamellar structure of 2D membranes on their performance. Using self-fabricated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) membranes as a platform, we show that the separation layer of 2D nanosheet frameworks not only fails to demonstrate water-salt selectivity but also exhibits low rejection toward dye molecules. Moreover, the MoS2 membranes possess a molecular weight cutoff comparable to its underlying porous support, implying negligible selectivity of the MoS2 layer. By tuning the nanochannel size through intercalation with amphiphilic molecules and analyzing mass transport in the lamellar structure using Monte Carlo simulations, we reveal that small imperfections in the stacking of MoS2 nanosheets result in the formation of catastrophic microporous defects. These defects lead to a precipitous reduction in the selectivity of the lamellar structure by negating the interlayer sieving mechanism that prevents the passage of large penetrants. Notably, the imperfect stacking of nanosheets in the MoS2 membrane was further verified using 2D X-ray diffraction measurements. We conclude that developing a well-controlled fabrication process, in which the lamellar structure can be carefully tuned, is critical to achieving defect-free and highly selective 2D desalination membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Lu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Uri R Gabinet
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Cody L Ritt
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Xunda Feng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Akshay Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masashi Kaneda
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Sara M Hashmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
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15
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Neves CV, Scheufele FB, Nardino AP, Vieira MGA, da Silva MGC, Módenes AN, Borba CE. Phenomenological modeling of reactive dye adsorption onto fish scales surface in the presence of electrolyte and surfactant mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2467-2483. [PMID: 28726581 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1356876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was an experimental and theoretical investigation of the influence of electrolyte (NaCl) and surfactant (SP), as textile auxiliary agents (TAAs), onto reactive blue 5G (RB5G) dye removal by applying untreated fish scales (FS) in batch system. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were performed, aiming at the comprehension of the mass transfer mechanisms through phenomenological modeling. The biosorbent was texturally characterized, to investigate the adsorbent's characteristics and to support the models' assumptions. Hence, a 'physically meaningful' modeling to assess different systems containing dye-TAA mixtures was employed. The experimental results indicated that despite the FS nonporous characteristics, it showed remarkable adsorption capacities (≈291 mg g-1), which may be ascribed to the adsorbent-adsorbate affinity and to dye-aggregates adsorption onto the FS surface. Those results evidence a potential use of FS as an alternative biosorbent material. The mathematical model was able to identify the rate-limiting step of the process; to predict the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium condition, comprising the description of aggregates formation; and to successfully predict kinetic behavior of independent data in simulated real effluent. Those results indicate that the model can be used to simulate operating conditions and, therefore, support the design, optimization, and scale-up of adsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Neves
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Postgraduate Program , West Parana State University, UNIOESTE , Toledo , Brazil
| | - F B Scheufele
- b Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences , Federal University of Paraná, UFPR , Palotina , Brazil
| | - A P Nardino
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Postgraduate Program , West Parana State University, UNIOESTE , Toledo , Brazil
| | - M G A Vieira
- c School of Chemical Engineering , State University of Campinas, UNICAMP , Campinas , Brazil
| | - M G C da Silva
- c School of Chemical Engineering , State University of Campinas, UNICAMP , Campinas , Brazil
| | - A N Módenes
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Postgraduate Program , West Parana State University, UNIOESTE , Toledo , Brazil
| | - C E Borba
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Postgraduate Program , West Parana State University, UNIOESTE , Toledo , Brazil
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Bricks JL, Slominskii YL, Panas ID, Demchenko AP. Fluorescent J-aggregates of cyanine dyes: basic research and applications review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 6:012001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa8d0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Chandra Mohan S, Bhattacharjee D, Chandra Deka R, Jothivenkatachalam K. Combined experimental and theoretical investigations on the encapsulation of nickel(ii)tet-a complex in zeolite Y and its photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15179e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic mechanism of the 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane [tet-a] nickel(ii) encapsulated in zeolite Y.
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18
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Heyne B. Self-assembly of organic dyes in supramolecular aggregates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:1103-1114. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00221h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many scientists probably consider dye aggregation in solution a curse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Heyne
- Chemistry Department
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive NW
- Calgary
- Canada T2N 1N4
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19
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Grygorova G, Klochkov V, Yefimova S, Malyukin Y. Effects of orthovanadate-based nanoparticles of various sizes on the aggregation behavior of polymethine dyes in aqueous solutions. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Horobin RW, Rashid-Doubell F, Pediani JD, Milligan G. Predicting small molecule fluorescent probe localization in living cells using QSAR modeling. 1. Overview and models for probes of structure, properties and function in single cells. Biotech Histochem 2013; 88:440-60. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.780634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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21
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Beraki E, Olsen TK, Sauer T. Establishing a protocol for immunocytochemical staining and chromogenic in situ hybridization of Giemsa and Diff-Quick prestained cytological smears. Cytojournal 2012; 9:8. [PMID: 22574078 PMCID: PMC3347629 DOI: 10.4103/1742-6413.94518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protocols for immunocytochemical staining (ICC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) of air-dried Diff-Quick or May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG)-stained smears have been difficult to establish. An increasing need to be able to use prestained slides for ICC and ISH in specific cases led to this study, aiming at finding a robust protocol for both methods. Materials and Methods: The material consisted of MGG- and Diff-Quick-stained smears. After diagnosis, one to two diagnostic smears were stored in the department. Any additional smear(s) containing diagnostic material were used for this study. The majority were fine needle aspirates (FNAC) from the breast, comprising materials from fibroadenomas, fibrocystic disease, and carcinomas. A few were metastatic lesions (carcinomas and malignant melanomas). There were 64 prestained smears. Ten smears were Diff-Quick stained, and 54 were MGG stained. The antibodies used for testing ICC were Ki-67, ER, and PgR, CK MNF116 (pancytokeratin) and E-cadherin. HER-2 Dual SISH was used to test ISH. Citrate, TRS, and TE buffers at pH6 and pH9 were tested, as well as, different heating times, microwave powers and antibody concentrations. The ICC was done on the Dako Autostainer (Dako®, Glostrup, Denmark), and HER-2 Dual SISH was done on the Ventana XT-machine (Ventana / Roche® , Strasbourg, France). Results: Optimal results were obtained with the TE buffer at pH 9, for both ICC and ISH. Antibody concentrations generally had to be higher than in the immunohistochemistry (IHC). The optimal microwave heat treatment included an initial high power boiling followed by low power boiling. No post fixation was necessary for ICC, whereas, 20 minutes post fixation in formalin (4%) was necessary for ISH. Conclusions: Microwave heat treatment, with initial boiling at high power followed by boiling at low power and TE buffer at pH 9 were the key steps in the procedure. Antibody concentrations has to be adapted for each ICC marker. Post fixation in formalin is necessary for ISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Beraki
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval and University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Liu Y, Zheng Y, Wang A. Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Adsorption Process Parameters for Methylene Blue Removal by a Hydrogel Composite. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.28.10.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yian Zheng
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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23
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Hamada K, Kubota H, Ichimura A, Lijima T, Amiya S. Aggregation of an Azo Dye in Aqueous Solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19850890811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Ruprecht J, Baumgärtel H. The Influence of the Electronic Structure on the Dimerization of Phenthiazonium Cations in Aqueous Solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19840880213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Oakes J, Dixon S. Physical interactions of dyes in solution - influence of dye structure on aggregation and binding to surfactantsJpolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.2004.tb00156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Tull AG. Some Practical Observations on the Spectrophotometry of Dyes and Aggregation Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1973.tb03139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wu TS, Chen KM. New cationic agents for improving the dyeability of cellulosic fibres. Part 3 — the interaction between direct dyes and polyepichlorohydrin‐dimethylamine polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1993.tb01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T S Wu
- Dept of Textile Engineering, National Taiwan Institute of Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10772, Taiwan
| | - K M Chen
- Dept of Textile Engineering, National Taiwan Institute of Technology, 43 Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10772, Taiwan
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29
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CEGARRA J, RIVA A, AIZPURUA L. The Action of Albegal B on The Dyeing of Wool with α- Bromoacrylamide Reactive Dyes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1978.tb03425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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ASQUITH RS, KWOK WF, OTTERBURN MS. The Interaction of Urea, Thiourea and Ammonium Thiocyanate with Dyes in Solution in Cold Dyeing Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1979.tb03431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Riad Y, El‐Nahas HM, Hamza HM. Improved cotton dyeing with the direct dye Solamine Fast Red 4BL in the presence of ethylenediamine tetra (methylenephosphonic) acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1991.tb01322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Riad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - H M El‐Nahas
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - H M Hamza
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebien El‐Koum, Egypt
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32
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DUFF DG, KIRKWOOD DJ, STEVENSON DM. The Behaviour of Dyes in Aqueous Solutions. I. The Influence of Chemical Structure on Dye Aggregation - a Polarographic Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1977.tb03363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Guo LN, Petit-Ramel M, Arnaud I, Gauthier R, Chevalier Y. Interaction of vinylsulphone reactive dyes with cellulosic fabrics. Part 2-dye associations and dyesurfactant interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1994.tb01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Chavan RB, Rao JV. Aggregation Behaviour of Acid Dyes in
N,N
‐Dimethylformamide‐Trichloroethylene Solvent Mixtures ‐ A Quasielastic Light‐scattering Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-4408.1983.tb03678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R B Chavan
- Department of Textile Technology Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
| | - J Venkata Rao
- Department of Textile Technology Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi New Delhi 110016 India
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36
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37
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38
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Wang L, Zhang J, Wang A. Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite superadsorbent nanocomposite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Bersier PM, Zuman P. Applied Polarography and Voltammetry of Organic Compounds in Practical Day-to-Day Analysis. Part 1: Applied Polarographic and Voltammetric Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10408348508542784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Bersier PM, Bersier J, Zuman P. Applied Polarography and Voltammetry of Organic Compounds in Pratical Day-To-Day Analysis Part II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10408348508542785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Wang HJ, Chen KM. Preparation and surface activity of biodegradable polymeric surfactants II: Dyeing properties of biodegradable dextrin derivatives in cotton dyeing. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Mall ID, Srivastava VC, Agarwal NK, Mishra IM. Removal of congo red from aqueous solution by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analyses. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 61:492-501. [PMID: 15869781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Revised: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Present investigation deals with the utilisation of bagasse fly ash (BFA) (generated as a waste material from bagasse fired boilers) and the use of activated carbons-commercial grade (ACC) and laboratory grade (ACL), as adsorbents for the removal of congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions. Batch studies were conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of BFA, ACC and ACL and the effects of initial pH (pH(0)), contact time and initial dye concentration on adsorption. The pH(0) of the dye solution strongly affected the chemistry of both the dye molecules and BFA in an aqueous solution. The effective pH(0) was 7.0 for adsorption on BFA. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of CR on all the adsorbents was a gradual process. Equilibrium reached in about 4h contact time. Optimum BFA, ACC and ACL dosages were found to be 1, 20 and 2 g l(-1), respectively. CR uptake by the adsorbents followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of CR on BFA, ACC and ACL were analysed by the Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin isotherm equations. Error analysis showed that the R-P isotherm best-fits the CR adsorption isotherm data on all adsorbents. The Freundlich isotherm also shows comparable fit. Thermodynamics showed that the adsorption of CR on BFA was most favourable in comparison to activated carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Deo Mall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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43
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Wittekind D. Traditional staining for routine diagnostic pathology including the role of tannic acid. 1. Value and limitations of the hematoxylin-eosin stain. Biotech Histochem 2004; 78:261-70. [PMID: 14989644 DOI: 10.1080/10520290310001633725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The components of the hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stain (i.e. hemalum and eosin Y), their contributions to the typical staining pattern, and the reasons why the H & E stains are the preferred oversight stains for routine diagnostic histopathology are discussed. The essential diagnostic significance of effective nuclear staining by hemalum, providing information on nuclear morphology and texture, is emphasized; as is the ironic advantage for routine diagnostic histopathology of the limited range of colors provided by H & E staining, that allows recognition of significant features under low microscopic magnifications. Standardization of hemalum is considered, along with probable reasons why users show resistance to such a concept. Counterstaining with anionic (acid) dyes is discussed, as is the important phenomenon of contrast. The particular advantages and disadvantages of eosin Y and phloxin B as counterstains to hemalum are outlined. The concept of an "ideal routine histological stain" is considered, and H & E is compared to such an ideal case. Finally, deficiencies of H & E staining are discussed, and a program to develop an improved oversight stain is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wittekind
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, P. O. Box 111, D-79001 Freiburg, Germany
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45
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Gooding JJ, Compton RG, Brennan CM, Atherton JH. A new electrochemical method for the investigation of the aggregation of dyes in solution. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Mostafa OI, Abd El-Aal AY, El Bayaa AA, Sallam HB, Mahmoud AA. Aggregation Behaviour of Some Reactive Dyes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 1995; 42:507-513. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199500065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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47
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El-Fass MM. Aggregation of Mordant Black 11 in aqueous solution. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00816417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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49
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Lezna R, de Tacconi N, Hahn F, Arvia A. In-situ spectroelectrochemistry of adsorbed methylene blue on a sulphur-modified gold electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85235-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Valdes-Aguilera O, Neckers D. Aggregation of rose bengal ethyl ester induced by alkali metal cations in aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(89)87067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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