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Cretu C, Nicola R, Marinescu SA, Picioruș EM, Suba M, Duda-Seiman C, Len A, Illés L, Horváth ZE, Putz AM. Performance of Zr-Based Metal-Organic Framework Materials as In Vitro Systems for the Oral Delivery of Captopril and Ibuprofen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13887. [PMID: 37762192 PMCID: PMC10531200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zr-based metal-organic framework materials (Zr-MOFs) with increased specific surface area and pore volume were obtained using chemical (two materials, Zr-MOF1 and Zr-MOF3) and solvothermal (Zr-MOF2) synthesis methods and investigated via FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA, SANS, PXRD, and SEM methods. The difference between Zr-MOF1 and Zr-MOF3 lies in the addition of reactants during synthesis. Nitrogen porosimetry data indicated the presence of pores with average dimensions of ~4 nm; using SANS, the average size of the Zr-MOF nanocrystals was suggested to be approximately 30 nm. The patterns obtained through PXRD were characterized by similar features that point to well-crystallized phases specific for the UIO-66 type materials; SEM also revealed that the materials were composed of small and agglomerate crystals. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that both materials had approximately two linker deficiencies per Zr6 formula unit. Captopril and ibuprofen loading and release experiments in different buffered solutions were performed using the obtained Zr-based metal-organic frameworks as drug carriers envisaged for controlled drug release. The carriers demonstrated enhanced drug-loading capacity and showed relatively good results in drug delivery. The cumulative percentage of drug release in phosphate-buffered solution at pH 7.4 was higher than that in buffered solution at pH 1.2. The release rate could be controlled by changing the pH of the releasing solution. Different captopril release behaviors were observed when the experiments were performed using a permeable dialysis membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Cretu
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (C.C.); (R.N.); (S.-A.M.); (E.-M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Roxana Nicola
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (C.C.); (R.N.); (S.-A.M.); (E.-M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sorin-Alin Marinescu
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (C.C.); (R.N.); (S.-A.M.); (E.-M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Elena-Mirela Picioruș
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (C.C.); (R.N.); (S.-A.M.); (E.-M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariana Suba
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (C.C.); (R.N.); (S.-A.M.); (E.-M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Corina Duda-Seiman
- Biology-Chemistry Department, West University of Timisoara, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi No. 16, 300115 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Adel Len
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós Út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pécs, Boszorkány Street 2, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Levente Illés
- Institute for Technical Physics and Material Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (L.I.); (Z.E.H.)
| | - Zsolt Endre Horváth
- Institute for Technical Physics and Material Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (L.I.); (Z.E.H.)
| | - Ana-Maria Putz
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (C.C.); (R.N.); (S.-A.M.); (E.-M.P.); (M.S.)
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Putz AM, Len A, Trif L, Horváth ZE, Almásy L. Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Designer Solvents Confined in Silica Nanopores. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060388. [PMID: 35735732 PMCID: PMC9222874 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite silica xerogels were prepared via acid catalysed sol–gel route using tetraethoxysilan (TEOS) as silica precursor, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4] or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl] ionic liquids, used simultaneously as co-solvents, catalysts and pore templates, at various IL-to-silica ratios. Morphology of the xerogels prepared using the different IL templating agents were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The thermal behavior of the composites was analyzed by thermal gravimetry, whereas the compositions were checked by infrared spectroscopy and EDX. The differences in the morphology and thermal behavior of the composites due to the different IL additives were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Putz
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazul, No. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Adél Len
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pécs, Boszorkány u. 2, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Trif
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Endre Horváth
- Institute for Technical Physics and Material Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Almásy
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (L.A.)
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Putz AM, Almásy L, Horváth ZE, Trif L. Butyl-Methyl-Pyridinium Tetrafluoroborate Confined in Mesoporous Silica Xerogels: Thermal Behaviour and Matrix-Template Interaction. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14174918. [PMID: 34501008 PMCID: PMC8433830 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic silica composites have been prepared via acid catalyzed sol-gel route using tetramethoxysilan (TMOS) and methyl-trimethoxysilane (MTMS) as silica precursors and n-butyl-3-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([bmPy][BF4]) as co-solvent and pore template, by varying the content of the ionic liquid (IL). Morphology of the xerogels prepared using the ionic liquid templating agent were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Thermal analysis has been used in order to evaluate the thermal and structural stability of the materials, in both nitrogen and synthetic air atmosphere. In nitrogen atmosphere, the IL decomposition took place in one step starting above 150 °C and completed in the 150–460 °C temperature interval. In synthetic air atmosphere, the IL decomposition produced two-step mass loss, mainly in the 170–430 °C temperature interval. The decomposition mechanism of the IL inside the silica matrix was studied by mass spectrometric evolved gas analysis (MSEGA). The measurements showed that the degradation of the IL’s longer side chain (butyl) starts at low temperature (above 150 °C) through a C-N bond cleavage, initiated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluorine ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Putz
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazul, No. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (L.A.)
| | - László Almásy
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29–33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Zsolt Endre Horváth
- Institute for Technical Physics and Material Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29–33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - László Trif
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
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Len A, Paladini G, Románszki L, Putz AM, Almásy L, László K, Bálint S, Krajnc A, Kriechbaum M, Kuncser A, Kalmár J, Dudás Z. Physicochemical Characterization and Drug Release Properties of Methyl-Substituted Silica Xerogels Made Using Sol-Gel Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9197. [PMID: 34502104 PMCID: PMC8430635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a multi-analytical approach involving nitrogen porosimetry, small angle neutron and X-ray scattering, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and electron microscopy was applied to organically modified silica-based xerogels obtained through the sol-gel process. Starting from a tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursor, methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) was added to the reaction mixture at two different pH values (2.0 and 4.5) producing hybrid xerogels with different TEOS/MTES molar ratios. Significant differences in the structure were revealed in terms of the chemical composition of the silica network, hydrophilic/hydrophobic profile, particle dimension, pore shape/size and surface characteristics. The combined use of structural characterization methods allowed us to reveal a relation between the cavity dimensions, the synthesis pH value and the grade of methyl substitution. The effect of the structural properties on the controlled Captopril release efficiency has also been tested. This knowledge facilitates tailoring the pore network for specific usage in biological/medical applications. Knowledge on structural aspects, as reported in this work, represents a key starting point for the production of high-performance silica-based hybrid materials showing enhanced efficacy compared to bare silica prepared using only TEOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Len
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.L.); (L.A.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pécs, Boszorkány Str 2, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Paladini
- Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Loránd Románszki
- Functional Interfaces Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ana-Maria Putz
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry Timisoara, 24 Mihai Viteazul Ave., 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - László Almásy
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Krisztina László
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Szabolcs Bálint
- Semilab Semiconductor Physics Laboratory Co. Ltd., 4/A Prielle Kornelia Str., 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Manfred Kriechbaum
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Andrei Kuncser
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - József Kalmár
- MTA-DE ELKH Homogeneous Catalysis and Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Dudás
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (A.L.); (L.A.)
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry Timisoara, 24 Mihai Viteazul Ave., 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
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Ianăşi C, Ianăşi (b. Svera) P, Negrea A, Ciopec M, Ivankov OI, Kuklin AI, Almásy L, Putz AM. Effects of catalysts on structural and adsorptive properties of iron oxide-silica nanocomposites. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Putz AM, Ciopec M, Negrea A, Grad O, Ianăşi C, Ivankov OI, Milanović M, Stijepović I, Almásy L. Comparison of Structure and Adsorption Properties of Mesoporous Silica Functionalized with Aminopropyl Groups by the Co-Condensation and the Post Grafting Methods. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14030628. [PMID: 33573051 PMCID: PMC7866394 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The adsorptive potential has been evaluated for the aminopropyl functionalized mesoporous silica materials obtained by co-condensation and post grafting methods. Nitrogen sorption, small angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) demonstrated high surface area and well-ordered hexagonal pore structure suitable for applications as adsorbents of metals from waste waters. A comparison of Cr(VI) adsorption properties of the materials prepared by different functionalization methods has been performed. The obtained results demonstrated the adsorption capacity due to the affinity of the chromium ions to the amino groups, and showed that co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) resulted in higher metal sorption capacity of the materials compared to post-synthesis grafting of aminopropyl groups onto the mesoporous silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Putz
- ”Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazul, No.24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (M.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Mihaela Ciopec
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Piaţa Victoriei, No.2, Timişoara 300006, Romania; (A.N.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (M.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Adina Negrea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Piaţa Victoriei, No.2, Timişoara 300006, Romania; (A.N.); (O.G.)
| | - Oana Grad
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University of Timişoara, Piaţa Victoriei, No.2, Timişoara 300006, Romania; (A.N.); (O.G.)
| | - Cătălin Ianăşi
- ”Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Bv. Mihai Viteazul, No.24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Oleksandr I. Ivankov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia;
| | - Marija Milanović
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Ivan Stijepović
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.M.); (I.S.)
| | - László Almásy
- Institute for Energy Security and Environmental Safety, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege ut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (M.C.); (L.A.)
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Nicola R, Muntean SG, Nistor MA, Putz AM, Almásy L, Săcărescu L. Highly efficient and fast removal of colored pollutants from single and binary systems, using magnetic mesoporous silica. Chemosphere 2020; 261:127737. [PMID: 32738712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic mesoporous silica material was tested as adsorbent for removal of two usual colored compounds present in industrial wastewater. The magnetic mesoporous silica was synthesized by modified sol-gel method and characterized from the morpho-textural, structural and magnetic point of view. The specific surface area and the total pore volume indicate a good adsorption capacity of the material, and the obtained saturation magnetization strength value denotes a good magnetic separation from solution. The adsorption capacity of magnetic mesoporous silica increases with the increase of the initial dye concentration, and the removal efficiency of the dyes was dependent on the pH of the solution and decreased with increasing temperature. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described best the adsorption mechanism, and the maximum adsorption capacities were determined from the Sips isotherm model, being 88.29 mg/g for Congo Red and 208.31 mg/g for Methylene Blue. A complete thermodynamic evaluation was performed, by determining the free energy, enthalpy and entropy, and the result showed a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. The recovery and reutilization of the adsorbent were estimated in five cycles of adsorption-desorption, and the results indicated a good stability and reusability of magnetic mesoporous silica. The new magnetic mesoporous silica can be easily separated from solution, via an external magnetic field, and may be effectively applied as adsorbent for elimination of dyes from colored polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Nicola
- "Coriolan Drăgulescu" Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, RO-300223, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Simona-Gabriela Muntean
- "Coriolan Drăgulescu" Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, RO-300223, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Maria-Andreea Nistor
- "Coriolan Drăgulescu" Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, RO-300223, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Putz
- "Coriolan Drăgulescu" Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazu, No. 24, RO-300223, Timişoara, Romania
| | - László Almásy
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, POB 49, Budapest, 1525, Hungary
| | - Liviu Săcărescu
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Petru Poni", 41A, Grigore Ghica Voda str., 700487, Iasi, Romania
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Putz AM, Ianăși C, Dudás Z, Coricovac D, Watz C(F, Len A, Almásy L, Sacarescu L, Dehelean C. SiO 2-PVA-Fe(acac) 3 Hybrid Based Superparamagnetic Nanocomposites for Nanomedicine: Morpho-textural Evaluation and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030653. [PMID: 32033018 PMCID: PMC7038086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile sol-gel route has been applied to synthesize hybrid silica-PVA-iron oxide nanocomposite materials. A step-by-step calcination (processing temperatures up to 400 °C) was applied in order to oxidize the organics together with the iron precursor. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, small angle neutron scattering, and nitrogen porosimetry were used to determine the temperature-induced morpho-textural modifications. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was conducted by monitoring the cell viability by the means of MTT assay to qualify the materials as MRI contrast agents or as drug carriers. Two cell lines were considered: the HaCaT (human keratinocyte cell line) and the A375 tumour cell line of human melanoma. Five concentrations of 10 µg/mL, 30 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL were tested, while using DMSO (dimethylsulfoxid) and PBS (phosphate saline buffer) as solvents. The HaCaT and A375 cell lines were exposed to the prepared agent suspensions for 24 h. In the case of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) suspensions, the effect on human keratinocytes migration and proliferation were also evaluated. The results indicate that only the concentrations of 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL of the nanocomposite in DMSO induced a slight decrease in the HaCaT cell viability. The PBS based in vitro assay showed that the nanocomposite did not present toxicity on the HaCaT cells, even at high doses (200 μg/mL agent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Putz
- ”Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Mihai Viteazul Bd., No. 24, 300223 Timişoara, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (C.I.)
| | - Cătălin Ianăși
- ”Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Mihai Viteazul Bd., No. 24, 300223 Timişoara, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (C.I.)
| | - Zoltán Dudás
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, POB 49 1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Pharmacy II Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes ¸” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.C.)
| | - Claudia (Farcas) Watz
- Pharmacy II Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes ¸” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.C.)
| | - Adél Len
- Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
- University of Pécs, Faculty of Engineering and Information technology, Boszorkány St. 2, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Almásy
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, POB 49 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Liviu Sacarescu
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, nr. 41A 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Pharmacy II Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes ¸” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.C.)
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Almásy L, Putz AM, Tian Q, Kopitsa G, Khamova T, Barabás R, Rigó M, Bóta A, Wacha A, Mirica M, Ţăranu B, Savii C. Hybrid mesoporous silica with controlled drug release. J Serb Chem Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc181109009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The mesoporous silica particles were prepared by the sol?gel method in one-step synthesis, in acidic conditions, from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), varying the mole ratio of the silica precursors. Nitric acid was used as catalyst at room temperature and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as structure directing agent. Optical properties, porosity and microstructure of the materials in function of the MTES/TEOS ratio were evaluated using infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering. All materials showed the ordered pore structure and the high specific surfaces, making them suitable as the drug delivery systems. Drug loading and release tests using ketoprofen were performed to assess their performance for drug delivery applications. The amount of the methylated precursor used in the synthesis had little effect on the drug loading capacity, but had a strong influence on the initial rate of the drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Almásy
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China + Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB Budapest,
| | - Ana-Maria Putz
- Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Qiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Gennady Kopitsa
- Institute of Silicate Chemistry of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia + Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad region, Russia
| | - Tamara Khamova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad region, Russia
| | - Réka Barabás
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Rigó
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Bóta
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Wacha
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marius Mirica
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ţăranu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cecilia Savii
- Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, Timisoara, Romania
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Nicola (Crişan) R, Costişor O, Ianăşi C, Lazău R, Săcărescu L, Nižňanský D, Ercuţa A, Putz AM, Savii C. Fractal surface maghemite nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation: the influence of Iron concentration and base nature. Studia UBB Chemia 2018. [DOI: 10.24193/subbchem.2018.4.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Putz AM, Harding JCS, Dyck MK, Canada P, Fortin F, Plastow GS, Dekkers JCM. 33 Quantifying Resilience from Individual Feed Intake Data in a Natural Disease Challenge Model for Growing Pigs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M K Dyck
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Canada
- PigGen Canada, Quelph, ON, Canada
| | - F Fortin
- Centre de developpement du porc du Quebec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - G S Plastow
- Livestock Gentec Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Ianasi C, Costisor O, Putz AM, Plocek J, Sacarescu L, Niznansky D, Savii C. Superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3-SiO2 Nanocomposites from Fe2O3-SiO2-PVA Hybrid Xerogels: Characterization and MRI Preliminary Testing. CURR ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272821666170428123451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Ianasi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazul, No.24, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Costisor
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazul, No.24, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Putz
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazul, No.24, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jiri Plocek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Husinec-Rez 1001, 25068 Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Liviu Sacarescu
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni” Iasi, Romania, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, nr. 41A 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Niznansky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Husinec-Rez 1001, 25068 Rez, Romania
| | - Cecilia Savii
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, Bv. Mihai Viteazul, No.24, RO-300223 Timisoara, Romania
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Putz AM, Tiezzi F, Maltecca C, Gray KA, Knauer MT. A comparison of accuracy validation methods for genomic and pedigree-based predictions of swine litter size traits using Large White and simulated data. J Anim Breed Genet 2017; 135:5-13. [PMID: 29178316 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare and determine the optimal validation method when comparing accuracy from single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) to traditional pedigree-based BLUP. Field data included six litter size traits. Simulated data included ten replicates designed to mimic the field data in order to determine the method that was closest to the true accuracy. Data were split into training and validation sets. The methods used were as follows: (i) theoretical accuracy derived from the prediction error variance (PEV) of the direct inverse (iLHS), (ii) approximated accuracies from the accf90(GS) program in the BLUPF90 family of programs (Approx), (iii) correlation between predictions and the single-step GEBVs from the full data set (GEBVFull ), (iv) correlation between predictions and the corrected phenotypes of females from the full data set (Yc ), (v) correlation from method iv divided by the square root of the heritability (Ych ) and (vi) correlation between sire predictions and the average of their daughters' corrected phenotypes (Ycs ). Accuracies from iLHS increased from 0.27 to 0.37 (37%) in the Large White. Approximation accuracies were very consistent and close in absolute value (0.41 to 0.43). Both iLHS and Approx were much less variable than the corrected phenotype methods (ranging from 0.04 to 0.27). On average, simulated data showed an increase in accuracy from 0.34 to 0.44 (29%) using ssGBLUP. Both iLHS and Ych approximated the increase well, 0.30 to 0.46 and 0.36 to 0.45, respectively. GEBVFull performed poorly in both data sets and is not recommended. Results suggest that for within-breed selection, theoretical accuracy using PEV was consistent and accurate. When direct inversion is infeasible to get the PEV, correlating predictions to the corrected phenotypes divided by the square root of heritability is adequate given a large enough validation data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Putz
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - F Tiezzi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - C Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - K A Gray
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC, USA
| | - M T Knauer
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Abstract
Litter size at d 5 (LS5) has been shown to be an effective trait to increase total number born (TNB) while simultaneously decreasing preweaning mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal litter size day for selection (i.e., other than d 5). Traits included TNB, number born alive (NBA), litter size at d 2, 5, 10, 30 (LS2, LS5, LS10, LS30, respectively), litter size at weaning (LSW), number weaned (NW), piglet mortality at d 30 (MortD30), and average piglet birth weight (BirthWt). Litter size traits were assigned to biological litters and treated as a trait of the sow. In contrast, NW was the number of piglets weaned by the nurse dam. Bivariate animal models included farm, year-season, and parity as fixed effects. Number born alive was fit as a covariate for BirthWt. Random effects included additive genetics and the permanent environment of the sow. Variance components were plotted for TNB, NBA, and LS2 to LS30 using univariate animal models to determine how variances changed over time. Additive genetic variance was minimized at d 7 in Large White and at d 14 in Landrace pigs. Total phenotypic variance for litter size traits decreased over the first 10 d and then stabilized. Heritability estimates increased between TNB and LS30. Genetic correlations between TNB, NBA, and LS2 to LS29 with LS30 plateaued within the first 10 d. A genetic correlation with LS30 of 0.95 was reached at d 4 for Large White and at d 8 for Landrace pigs. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.13 for litter size traits and MortD30. Birth weight had an h of 0.24 and 0.26 for Large White and Landrace pigs, respectively. Genetic correlations among LS30, LSW, and NW ranged from 0.97 to 1.00. In the Large White breed, genetic correlations between MortD30 with TNB and LS30 were 0.23 and -0.64, respectively. These correlations were 0.10 and -0.61 in the Landrace breed. A high genetic correlation of 0.98 and 0.97 was observed between LS10 and NW for Large White and Landrace breeds, respectively. This would indicate that NW could possibly be used as an effective maternal trait, given a low level of cross-fostering, to avoid back calculating litter size traits from piglet records. Litter size at d 10 would be a compromise between gain in litter size at weaning and minimizing the potentially negative effects of the nurse dam and direct additive genetics of the piglets, as they are expected to increase throughout lactation.
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Tarko L, Putz MV, Ionascu C, Putz AM. QSTR studies regarding the ECOSAR toxicity of benzene-carboxylic acid' esters to fathead minnow fish (Pimephales promelas). Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2014; 10:99-106. [PMID: 24724900 DOI: 10.2174/1573409910666140410094056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present work employs 152 benzene-carboxylic acid' esters having computed the toxicity within the range [2.251, 10.222] for fathead minnow fish (Pimephales promelas). Calibration set includes many pairs having very similar chemical structure, size, shape and hydrophilicity, but very different value of ECOSAR toxicity or vice versa. The QSTR study, which uses all esters as calibration set, emphasized a large percent (16.2%) of outliers. In this QSTR study most of the estimated values of toxicity for outliers are much lower than ECOSAR toxicity. The LogP and some aromaticity descriptors are predictors. The best QSTR for esters having low value (< 5.5) of ECOSAR toxicity and the best QSTR for esters having high value (> 5.5) of ECOSAR toxicity are obtained when the number of outliers is very small. These QSTRs are different enough and highlight opposite influences of certain descriptors on toxicity. The results emphasize two possibilities: (a) the esters having low value of ECOSAR toxicity and the esters having high value of ECOSAR toxicity are included in two different classes from the point of view of structure-toxicity relationship and/or (b) many high values of ECOSAR toxicity are wrong. By comparison, a QSTR using experimental values of toxicity against rats for 37 benzene-carboxylic esters included in the same database gives good correlation experimental/computed values of toxicity, the number of outliers is null and the result of validation test is good.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana-Maria Putz
- (Laszlo Tarko) Center of Organic Chemistry "C.D. Nenitzescu" of Romanian Academy, 202B Spl. Independentei, PO Box 35-108, RO-060023, Bucharest - 6th Sector, Romania.
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Putz M, Tudoran MA, Putz AM. Structure Properties and Chemical-Bio/Ecological of PAH Interactions: From Synthesis to Cosmic Spectral Lines, Nanochemistry, and Lipophilicity-Driven Reactivity. CURR ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/13852728113179990130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Putz AM, Putz MV. Spectral inverse quantum (Spectral-IQ) method for modeling mesoporous systems: application on silica films by FTIR. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:15925-41. [PMID: 23443102 PMCID: PMC3546670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131215925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work advances the inverse quantum (IQ) structural criterion for ordering and characterizing the porosity of the mesosystems based on the recently advanced ratio of the particle-to-wave nature of quantum objects within the extended Heisenberg uncertainty relationship through employing the quantum fluctuation, both for free and observed quantum scattering information, as computed upon spectral identification of the wave-numbers specific to the maximum of absorption intensity record, and to left-, right- and full-width at the half maximum (FWHM) of the concerned bands of a given compound. It furnishes the hierarchy for classifying the mesoporous systems from more particle-related (porous, tight or ionic bindings) to more wave behavior (free or covalent bindings). This so-called spectral inverse quantum (Spectral-IQ) particle-to-wave assignment was illustrated on spectral measurement of FT-IR (bonding) bands' assignment for samples synthesized within different basic environment and different thermal treatment on mesoporous materials obtained by sol-gel technique with n-dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and of their combination as cosolvents. The results were analyzed in the light of the so-called residual inverse quantum information, accounting for the free binding potency of analyzed samples at drying temperature, and were checked by cross-validation with thermal decomposition techniques by endo-exo thermo correlations at a higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Putz
- Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of the Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazul Bld, Timişoara, RO-300223, Romania; E-Mail:
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical Chemistry, Biology-Chemistry Department, West University of Timişoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timişoara, RO-300115, Romania
| | - Mihai V. Putz
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical Chemistry, Biology-Chemistry Department, West University of Timişoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timişoara, RO-300115, Romania
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Putz MV, Putz AM. DFT Chemical Reactivity Driven by Biological Activity: Applications for the Toxicological Fate of Chlorinated PAHs. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32750-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Putz MV, Ionaşcu C, Putz AM, Ostafe V. Alert-QSAR. Implications for electrophilic theory of chemical carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:5098-134. [PMID: 21954348 PMCID: PMC3179155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12085098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the modeling and predictive abilities of quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs) for genotoxic carcinogens or mutagens that directly affect DNA, the present research investigates structural alert (SA) intermediate-predicted correlations A(SA) of electrophilic molecular structures with observed carcinogenic potencies in rats (observed activity, A = Log[1/TD(50)], i.e., [Formula: see text]). The present method includes calculation of the recently developed residual correlation of the structural alert models, i.e., [Formula: see text]. We propose a specific electrophilic ligand-receptor mechanism that combines electronegativity with chemical hardness-associated frontier principles, equality of ligand-reagent electronegativities and ligand maximum chemical hardness for highly diverse toxic molecules against specific receptors in rats. The observed carcinogenic activity is influenced by the induced SA-mutagenic intermediate effect, alongside Hansch indices such as hydrophobicity (LogP), polarizability (POL) and total energy (Etot), which account for molecular membrane diffusion, ionic deformation, and stericity, respectively. A possible QSAR mechanistic interpretation of mutagenicity as the first step in genotoxic carcinogenesis development is discussed using the structural alert chemoinformation and in full accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development QSAR guidance principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai V. Putz
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, West University of Timişoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timişoara, RO-300115, Romania; E-Mail: (V.O.)
- “Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen” Forming and Research Center of West University of Timişoara, 4th, Oituz Street, Timişoara, RO-300086, Romania; E-Mail: (C.I.)
| | - Cosmin Ionaşcu
- “Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen” Forming and Research Center of West University of Timişoara, 4th, Oituz Street, Timişoara, RO-300086, Romania; E-Mail: (C.I.)
| | - Ana-Maria Putz
- “Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen” Forming and Research Center of West University of Timişoara, 4th, Oituz Street, Timişoara, RO-300086, Romania; E-Mail: (C.I.)
- Institute of Chemistry Timişoara of the Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazul Bld., Timişoara, RO-300223, Romania
| | - Vasile Ostafe
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, West University of Timişoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timişoara, RO-300115, Romania; E-Mail: (V.O.)
- “Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen” Forming and Research Center of West University of Timişoara, 4th, Oituz Street, Timişoara, RO-300086, Romania; E-Mail: (C.I.)
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Putz MV, Putz AM, Lazea M, Ienciu L, Chiriac A. Quantum-SAR extension of the spectral-SAR algorithm: application to polyphenolic anticancer bioactivity. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:1193-1214. [PMID: 19399244 PMCID: PMC2672025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10031193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to assess the role of individual molecular structures in the molecular mechanism of ligand-receptor interaction correlation analysis, the recent Spectral-SAR approach is employed to introduce the Quantum-SAR (QuaSAR) “wave” and “conversion factor” in terms of difference between inter-endpoint inter-molecular activities for a given set of compounds; this may account for inter-conversion (metabolization) of molecular (concentration) effects while indicating the structural (quantum) based influential/detrimental role on bio-/eco- effect in a causal manner rather than by simple inspection of measured values; the introduced QuaSAR method is then illustrated for a study of the activity of a series of flavonoids on breast cancer resistance protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai V. Putz
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, West University of Timişoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timişoara, RO-300115, Romania; E-Mails:
(M.P.);
(M.L.);
(A.C.)
- “Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen” Forming and Researching Center, 4th, Oituz Str., Timişoara, RO- 300086, Romania
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel. +40-0256-592-633; Fax: +40-0256-592-620
| | - Ana-Maria Putz
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, West University of Timişoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timişoara, RO-300115, Romania; E-Mails:
(M.P.);
(M.L.);
(A.C.)
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Timişoara Institute of Chemistry of Romanian Academy, Av. Mihai Viteazul, No.24, Timişoara RO-300223, Romania
| | - Marius Lazea
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, West University of Timişoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timişoara, RO-300115, Romania; E-Mails:
(M.P.);
(M.L.);
(A.C.)
| | - Luciana Ienciu
- Whatman, Part of GE Healthcare, Inc, 200 Park Avenue Suite 210, Florham Park, NJ 07932-1026, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Adrian Chiriac
- Laboratory of Computational and Structural Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, West University of Timişoara, Pestalozzi Street No.16, Timişoara, RO-300115, Romania; E-Mails:
(M.P.);
(M.L.);
(A.C.)
- “Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen” Forming and Researching Center, 4th, Oituz Str., Timişoara, RO- 300086, Romania
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