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Taoto C, Tangsrisakda N, Thukhammee W, Phetcharaburanin J, Iamsaard S, Tanphaichitr N. Rats Orally Administered with Ethyl Alcohol for a Prolonged Time Show Histopathology of the Epididymis and Seminal Vesicle Together with Changes in the Luminal Metabolite Composition. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1010. [PMID: 38790972 PMCID: PMC11117629 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged ethanol (EtOH) consumption is associated with male infertility, with a decreased spermatogenesis rate as one cause. The defective maturation and development of sperm during their storage in the cauda epididymis and transit in the seminal vesicle can be another cause, possibly occurring before the drastic spermatogenesis disruption. Herein, we demonstrated that the cauda epididymis and seminal vesicle of rats, orally administered with EtOH under a regimen in which spermatogenesis was still ongoing, showed histological damage, including lesions, a decreased height of the epithelial cells and increased collagen fibers in the muscle layer, which implicated fibrosis. Lipid peroxidation (shown by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels) was observed, indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced along with acetaldehyde during EtOH metabolism by CYP2E1. MDA, acetaldehyde and other lipid peroxidation products could further damage cellular components of the cauda epididymis and seminal vesicle, and this was supported by increased apoptosis (shown by a TUNEL assay and caspase 9/caspase 3 expression) in these two tissues of EtOH-treated rats. Consequently, the functionality of the cauda epididymis and seminal vesicle in EtOH-treated rats was impaired, as demonstrated by a decreases in 1H NMR-analyzed metabolites (e.g., carnitine, fructose), which were important for sperm development, metabolism and survival in their lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayakorn Taoto
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.T.); (N.T.)
| | - Nareelak Tangsrisakda
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.T.); (N.T.)
| | - Wipawee Thukhammee
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Systems Biosciences and Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Khon Kaen University Phenome Centre, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.T.); (N.T.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 8L6, Canada
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Nguyen-Thanh T, Hoang-Thi AP, Anh Thu DT. Investigating the association between alcohol intake and male reproductive function: A current meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15723. [PMID: 37159717 PMCID: PMC10163664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use and alcohol-related health problems are on the rise in developing countries. This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of alcohol consumption on human male reproductive function through semen parameters, antioxidants in semen, sperm DNA fragmentation, and sex hormones. Methods Studies regarding the effects of alcohol consumption on male reproductive function were searched on databases. Based on the random-effects model, STATA software was used to analyze and synthesize the selected studies. Alcoholics, moderate alcoholics, heavy alcoholics, and no alcoholics values were compared using the standard mean difference. Publications were assessed for publication bias by the Egger test. Result Forty studies were selected from databases examining the effect of alcohol consumption on male reproductive health in 23,258 people on five continents of the world. The meta-analysis revealed that alcohol intake reduced semen volume during each ejaculation (SMD = -0.51; 95% CI -0.77, -0.25). However, there were no significant associations with other semen indicators such as density, mobility, and normal and abnormal sperm count from this analysis. In addition, drinking alcohol lowered antioxidant enzymes in semen (SMD = -7.93; 95% CI -12.59, -3.28) but had no effect on sperm DNA fragmentation. Finally, the results showed a decrease in general testosterone levels (SMD = -1.60; 95% CI -2.05, -1.15), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (SMD = -0.47; 95% CI -0.88, -0.05), Luteinizing Hormone (SMD = -1.35; 95% CI -1.86, -0.83), but no effect in other sex hormones named as estradiol, Inhibin B and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin. Furthermore, when analyzing subgroups at different drinking levels, the results showed that the moderate alcoholic group (less than 7 units/week) had no change in the semen index. Meanwhile, the group of heavy alcoholics (more than 7 units/week) harmed the semen index and sex hormones, especially by increasing estradiol. Conclusion There is evidence that alcohol consumption affected semen volume and antioxidant, reproductive hormones thus negatively affecting male reproductive function. This study might be necessary to make recommendations regarding alcohol consumption for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Nguyen-Thanh
- Faculty of Basic Science, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, 49000, Viet Nam
- Institute of Biomedicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, 49000, Viet Nam
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Basic Science, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, 49000, Viet Nam.
| | - Ai-Phuong Hoang-Thi
- Faculty of Basic Science, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, 49000, Viet Nam
| | - Dang Thi Anh Thu
- Faculty of Public Health, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, 49000, Viet Nam
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Garcia-Grau E, Lleberia J, Costa L, Guitart M, Yeste M, Benet J, Amengual MJ, Ribas-Maynou J. Decline of Sperm Quality over the Last Two Decades in the South of Europe: A Retrospective Study in Infertile Patients. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010070. [PMID: 36671762 PMCID: PMC9856056 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Semen quality has a direct relation to male fertility. Whether sperm variables in humans have decreased over the last years is still uncertain, with some studies showing a decline and others reporting no changes. In this regard, previous research has suggested that lifestyle and environmental conditions may contribute to this variability, calling for regional studies. The present work is a retrospective, unicentric study that includes semen samples analyzed between 1997 and 2017 at the Parc Taulí Hospital (Barcelona metropolitan area). First, a multivariate analysis including the age as a confounding factor showed a statistically significant decrease in semen volume, pH, progressive motility, morphology and total motile sperm over time. Contrarily, no significant variation in sperm count or concentration was observed. Mean reductions per year were -0.02 mL for volume, -0.57% for progressively motile sperm and -0.72% for sperm with normal morphology. Interestingly, the average annual temperature registered by the Spanish Meteorology Agency negatively correlated to sperm morphology and sperm count (Rs = -0.642; p = 0.002 and Rs = -0.435; p = 0.049, respectively). In conclusion, the present study based on infertile patients from the Barcelona area found a decline in sperm motility and morphology, without effects on sperm count. Changes in temperature appeared to be associated to this decline, but further studies are needed to address the mechanisms linked to the observed variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Garcia-Grau
- Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), ES-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Lleberia
- Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Laura Costa
- Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Miriam Guitart
- UDIAT Diagnostic Center, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), ES-08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jordi Benet
- Unit of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), ES-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Amengual
- UDIAT Diagnostic Center, Parc Taulí Health Corporation, ES-08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain
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Fioravante VC, Godoi AR, Camargo VMDB, Pinheiro PFF, Martinez M, Padovani CR, Martinez FE. Low and high postpubertal ethanol use: damage on adulthood reproduction and offspring. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9422253 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical abstract
Abstract The relationship between adolescent ethanol uses and its impacts throughout life are not conclusive. Thus, we evaluated if the low and high consumption of ethanol at postpuberty interferes with the reproduction and ethanol-naive offspring and if the effects are dose-related. Female and male rats were divided into three groups: low drinker (L), high drinker (H) and control (C). The L and H groups were exposed to ethanol up to 10 % from 65 to 80 days with withdrawal after this period. The ethanol consumed by low drinkers was 1.41 ± 0.21 g/kg/day and by high drinkers 4.59 ± 0.45 g/kg/day. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase verified the reproductive capacity in adulthood on generations (litter size and sex ratio). Data were collected over 10 years. The second phase analyzed the parent reproductive parameters (body weight, reproductive organ weight, sperm parameters and estrous cycle) and the pup development. We observed a reduced litter size in both drinker groups. Gestational body weight gain and feed consumption were lower in L and H. We observed an alteration in reproductive organs weight in both sexes of H. Females presented a longer estrous cycle duration. Males presented an increase in abnormal sperm, a decrease in sperm count and accelerated transit time. The ethanol-naive offspring development was also impaired. We conclude that low and high postpubertal alcohol use impairs long-term reproductive parameters, even after alcohol withdrawal. There is also impaired ethanol-naive offspring. Besides, the effects are dose-related. Lay summary The effects of alcohol use have been reported in several studies. However, better knowledge about early alcohol use and its impact on reproduction in adulthood, after abstinence and on ethanol-naive offspring could help improve preventive measures and mechanisms of action. One of the methods used was retrospective analysis which allows to evaluate the effects of postpubertal ethanol use on the reproductive capacity of rats over generations. Despite our limitations, we verified that the post-adolescent period acts as a susceptibility window, and lifestyle at this age modulates the long-term reproductive parameters. The early ethanol use impairs reproduction function since sperm parameters and the estrous cycle have been altered. The dose of alcohol also contributes to damage on the drinkers’ reproduction and on the physical development of ethanol-naive offspring. Future studies are necessary to identify the mechanism involved in long-term alcohol use effects, even in withdrawal, as well as ethanol-naive offspring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Caroline Fioravante
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alana Rezende Godoi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victória Mokarzel de Barros Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Univ Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ramírez N, Estofán G, Tissera A, Molina R, Luque EM, Torres PJ, Mangeaud A, Martini AC. Do aging, drinking, and having unhealthy weight have a synergistic impact on semen quality? J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2985-2994. [PMID: 34327599 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate if age, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI) have synergistic effects on seminal quality, and to rank these factors based on their impact on semen. METHODS Retrospective study of 9464 patients attending an andrology laboratory. Data on patients' age and daily alcohol intake were provided by the patients. BMI was recorded in the laboratory. Seminal parameters evaluated were volume, sperm concentration and total count, motility, morphology, viability, nuclear maturity, and membrane functional integrity. RESULTS All the seminal parameters evaluated were affected by the synergistic interaction Age x BMI, suggesting that this combination is more potent in affecting semen quality. The variables sperm morphology and nuclear maturity seemed to be especially susceptible since they were affected by the three synergistic interactions. In the logistic regression analysis, age was the most powerful factor since it impacted first on five of the nine parameters, impacting mainly on sperm motility, viability, and morphology, with no effects on sperm count. On the contrary, BMI impacted first in sperm concentration and total sperm count; which was confirmed also by the logistic predictions analysis. Alcohol consumption impacted first on membrane functional integrity and nuclear maturity. A J-shaped association between BMI or alcohol consumption with semen quality was found in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The factors considered in this study showed a synergistic negative impact on semen quality, being age and unhealthy weight the most important ones. Reducing the exposure to lifestyle risk factors may be promising for improving sperm quality in infertile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)-FCM, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Estofán
- Centro Integral de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción (CIGOR), Chacabuco 1123, X5000IIL, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Tissera
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR), Chacabuco 1089, X5000IIK, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa Molina
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR), Chacabuco 1089, X5000IIK, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Mercedes Luque
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)-FCM, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Javier Torres
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)-FCM, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Mangeaud
- Cátedra de Bioestadística, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Carolina Martini
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET)-FCM, Santa Rosa 1085, X5000ESU, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Abstract
Modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors are the object of increasing attention, with a view to primary and tertiary prevention, to limit the onset and development of diseases.Also in the urological field there is accumulating evidence of the relationship between urological diseases and lifestyle-related risk factors that can influence their incidence and prognosis. Risk factors such as nutrition, physical activity, sexual habits, tobacco smoking, or alcohol consumption can be modified to limit morbidity and reduce the social impact and the burdensome costs associated with diagnosis and treatment.This review synthesizes the current clinical evidence available on this topic, trying to satisfy the need for a summary on the relationships between the most important lifestyle factors and the main benign urological diseases, focusing on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), infections urinary tract (UTI), urinary incontinence (UI), stones, erectile dysfunction, and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bientinesi
- Department of Urology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital Foundation - IRCCS, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Gandi
- Department of Urology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital Foundation - IRCCS, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Vaccarella
- Department of Urology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital Foundation - IRCCS, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Sacco
- Department of Urology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital Foundation - IRCCS, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy
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Rahban R, Nef S. Regional difference in semen quality of young men: a review on the implication of environmental and lifestyle factors during fetal life and adulthood. Basic Clin Androl 2020; 30:16. [PMID: 33072332 PMCID: PMC7559360 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-020-00114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of low semen quality and the incidence of testicular cancer have been steadily increasing over the past decades in different parts of the World. Although these conditions may have a genetic or epigenetic origin, there is growing evidence that multiple environmental and lifestyle factors can act alone or in combination to induce adverse effects. Exposure to these factors may occur as early as during fetal life, via the mother, and directly throughout adulthood after full spermatogenic capacity is reached. This review aims at providing an overview of past and current trends in semen quality and its relevance to fertility as well as a barometer of men’s general health. The focus will be on recent epidemiological studies of young men from the general population highlighting geographic variations in Europe. The impact of some lifestyle and environmental factors will be discussed with their role in both fetal life and adulthood. These factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, psychological stress, exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). Finally, the challenges in investigating the influence of environmental factors on semen quality in a fast changing world are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rahban
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland and Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland and Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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Duca Y, Aversa A, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. Substance Abuse and Male Hypogonadism. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050732. [PMID: 31121993 PMCID: PMC6571549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive deterioration of male reproductive function is occurring in Western countries. Environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyles have been implicated in the decline of testosterone levels and sperm production observed in the last fifty years. Among unhealthy lifestyles, substance and drug abuse is a recognized cause of possible alterations of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Alcohol, opioids and anabolic-androgenic steroids are capable to reduce testosterone production in male interfering with testicular and/or hypothalamic-pituitary function. Other substances such as nicotine, cannabis, and amphetamines alter spermatogenesis inducing oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis in testicular tissue. Substance and drug abuse is a potentially reversible cause of hypogonadism, defined as the failure of the testis to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone and/or a normal number of spermatozoa. The identification of the abuse is important because the withdrawal of substance intake can reverse the clinical syndrome. This review summarizes the most important clinical and experimental evidence on the effect of substance abuse on testosterone and sperm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Duca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | | | - Aldo Eugenio Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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9
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Suliga E, Głuszek S. The relationship between diet, energy balance and fertility in men. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:514-526. [PMID: 30967104 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research conducted in recent years provides more and more evidence that diet can have a significant impact on male fertility. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between diet, energy balance and fertility in men. A comprehensive literature search of published studies in various languages, was carried out in electronic databases. The direct analysis included 96 works published between 2008 and 2018, including 12 randomized controlled trials and 23 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A strong adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is positively correlated with total sperm count, progressive motility and total motile sperm count (all p < 0.05). However, attention is drawn to the fact that foods that are considered "healthy" can sometimes contain a significant amount of pollution, which negatively affect the semen parameters. An adequate intake of antioxidants or their supplementation have been quite effective in the prevention and treatment of male infertility. The improvement of pregnancy rate after antioxidant therapy ranged in various studies from 11% to 41%. An important problem, however, may be choosing the right dose of the supplement or finding an appropriate combination of antioxidants that may be more effective than any single antioxidant. The normalization of men's body weight is beneficial for the quality of sperm and the concentration of male reproductive hormones. Further, long-term studies require the assessment of the impact of drastic weight loss after bariatric surgery on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Suliga
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Głuszek
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing with the Scientific Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Agarwal A, Sengupta P, Durairajanayagam D, Henkel R, Sadeghi MR. Reactive oxygen species and male reproductive hormones. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:87. [PMID: 30205828 PMCID: PMC6134507 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of the increasing incidence of male infertility paired with decreasing semen quality have triggered studies on the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on the male reproductive potential. There are numerous exogenous and endogenous factors that are able to induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) beyond that of cellular antioxidant capacity, thus causing oxidative stress. In turn, oxidative stress negatively affects male reproductive functions and may induce infertility either directly or indirectly by affecting the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and/or disrupting its crosstalk with other hormonal axes. This review discusses the important exogenous and endogenous factors leading to the generation of ROS in different parts of the male reproductive tract. It also highlights the negative impact of oxidative stress on the regulation and cross-talk between the reproductive hormones. It further describes the mechanism of ROS-induced derangement of male reproductive hormonal profiles that could ultimately lead to male infertility. An understanding of the disruptive effects of ROS on male reproductive hormones would encourage further investigations directed towards the prevention of ROS-mediated hormonal imbalances, which in turn could help in the management of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 USA
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535 South Africa
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
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Borges E, Braga DPDAF, Provenza RR, Figueira RDCS, Iaconelli A, Setti AS. Paternal lifestyle factors in relation to semen quality and in vitro reproductive outcomes. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13090. [PMID: 30019480 DOI: 10.1111/and.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective-cohort study aimed at investigating the influence of paternal lifestyle factors on semen parameters and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. The influence of paternal lifestyle factors on seminal quality and ICSI outcomes was investigated in male patients undergoing conventional semen analysis. Cigarette smoking negatively influenced semen volume (B: -0.417, slope: 1.570, p = 0.047), sperm count/ml (B: -7.363, slope: 52.298, p = 0.014), total sperm count (B: -4.43, slope: 178.165, p = 0.023), total motile sperm count (B: -1.38, slope: 100.276, p = 0.045) and SDF (B: 0.014, slope: 9.767, p = 0.033). Alcohol consumption negatively influenced sperm count/ml (B: -12.527, slope: 42.255, p = 0.040) and sperm DNA fragmentation (B: 5.833, slope: 9.680, p = 0.002). There were no significant influences of other paternal lifestyle factors. Cigarette smoking negatively influenced the fertilisation rate (B: -1.349, slope: 21.950, p = 0.039) and the blastocyst formation rate (B: -14.244, slope: 28.851, p = 0.025). Alcohol consumption negatively influenced fertilisation rate (B: -3.617, slope: 20.138, p = 0.041) and blastocyst formation rate (B: -34.801, slope: 30.044, p = 0.042). Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption appear to reduce semen quality, fertilisation and blastocyst formation rates; thus, it would be wise to recommend that male partners reconsider their lifestyle during in vitro reproduction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Borges
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Assumpto Iaconelli
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souza Setti
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Sapientiae - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Sánchez MC, Fontana VA, Galotto C, Cambiasso MY, Sobarzo CMA, Calvo L, Calvo JC, Cebral E. Murine sperm capacitation, oocyte penetration and decondensation following moderate alcohol intake. Reproduction 2018; 155:529-541. [PMID: 29626105 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Male chronic alcohol abuse causes testicular failure and infertility. We analyzed the effects of moderate sub-chronic alcohol intake on sperm morphology, capacitation, fertilization and sperm head decondensation. CF-1 male mice were administered 15% ethanol in drinking water for 15 days; control mice received ethanol-free water. Similar patterns of tyrosine phosphorylation were observed in capacitated spermatozoa of control and treated males. Percentage of hyperactivation (H) and spontaneous (SAR) and progesterone-induced (IAR) acrosome reaction significantly decreased at 120 and 150 min of capacitation in treated males compared to controls (H: 14.1 ± 2.5 vs 23.7 ± 2.6, P < 0.05; SAR-T120 min: 17.9 ± 2.5 vs 32.9 ± 4.1, P < 0.01; IAR-150 min: 43.3 ± 3.5 vs 73.1 ± 1.1, P < 0.001, n = 6). During in vitro fertilization (2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 h post-insemination), there was an increased percentage of fertilized oocytes (with a decondensed sperm head and one or two pronuclei) in treated males (P < 0.001, n = 7). After 60 min of in vitro decondensation with glutathione plus heparin, the percentage of decondensed sperm heads was significantly higher in treated males than in controls (mean ± s.d.: 57.1 ± 5.6 vs 48.3 ± 4.5, P < 0.05, n = 5). The percentage of morphologically normal sperm heads was significantly decreased in treated males with respect to controls (P < 0.001, n = 9). These results show that short-term moderate alcohol consumption in outbred mice affect sperm morphology, hyperactivation, acrosomal exocytosis, and the dynamics of in vitro fertilization and in vitro sperm nuclear decondensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa C Sánchez
- CONICETInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina A Fontana
- CONICETInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Galotto
- CONICETInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maite Y Cambiasso
- CONICETInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian M A Sobarzo
- Universidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Medicina, CONICET-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Calvo
- CONICETInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C Calvo
- CONICETInstituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa Cebral
- Universidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina .,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos AiresInstituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Xia R, Jin L, Li D, Liang H, Yang F, Chen J, Yuan W, Miao M. Association Between Paternal Alcohol Consumption Before Conception and Anogenital Distance of Offspring. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:735-742. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC; SIPPR; IRD; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- School of Public Health; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Longmei Jin
- Minhang Maternal and Child Health Hospital; Shanghai China
| | - Dekun Li
- Division of Research; Kaiser Foundation Research Institute; Kaiser Permanente; Oakland California
| | - Hong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC; SIPPR; IRD; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Fen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC; SIPPR; IRD; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC; SIPPR; IRD; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC; SIPPR; IRD; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Maohua Miao
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC; SIPPR; IRD; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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14
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Durairajanayagam D. Lifestyle causes of male infertility. Arab J Urol 2018; 16:10-20. [PMID: 29713532 PMCID: PMC5922227 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the potential effects of lifestyle factors on male reproductive health. Evidence of a global decline in human sperm quality over recent decades has been accumulating. Environmental, occupational, and modifiable lifestyle factors may contribute to this decline. This review focuses on key lifestyle factors that are associated with male infertility such as smoking cigarettes, alcohol intake, use of illicit drugs, obesity, psychological stress, advanced paternal age, dietary practices, and coffee consumption. Other factors such as testicular heat stress, intense cycling training, lack of sleep and exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone use are briefly discussed. Materials and method A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify and synthesise all relevant information, mainly from within the last decade, on the major lifestyle factors associated with male infertility and semen quality. Database searches were limited to reports published in English only. A manual search of bibliographies of the reports retrieved was conducted to identify additional relevant articles. Results In all, 1012 articles were identified from the database search and after reviewing the titles and abstract of the reports, 104 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 30 reports were excluded as the full-text could not be retrieved and the abstract did not have relevant data. The remaining 74 reports were reviewed for data on association between a particular lifestyle factor and male infertility and were included in the present review. Conclusion The major lifestyle factors discussed in the present review are amongst the multiple potential risk factors that could impair male fertility. However, their negative impact may well be mostly overcome by behaviour modification and better lifestyle choices. Greater awareness and recognition of the possible impact of these lifestyle factors are important amongst couples seeking conception.
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Key Words
- AAS, anabolic–androgenic steroids
- APA, advanced paternal age
- ART, assisted reproductive technology
- ASIH, anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism
- BMI, body mass index
- Chk1, checkpoint kinase 1
- ECS, endogenous cannabinoid system
- GnIH, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone
- HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score
- HPA, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal
- HPG, hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal
- ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- IUI, intrauterine insemination
- IVF, in vitro fertilisation
- Lifestyle
- MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential
- Male infertility
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Risk factors
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Semen quality
- Sperm DNA fragmentation
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Affiliation(s)
- Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Address: Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia. Fax: +60 3 6126 5224.
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Aboulmaouahib S, Madkour A, Kaarouch I, Sefrioui O, Saadani B, Copin H, Benkhalifa M, Louanjli N, Cadi R. Impact of alcohol and cigarette smoking consumption in male fertility potential: Looks at lipid peroxidation, enzymatic antioxidant activities and sperm DNA damage. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29164649 DOI: 10.1111/and.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol intake and cigarette smoking are the major lifestyle factors with negative impact on fertility. We were interested to evaluate the negative impact of these factors on oxidative stress (OS), enzymatic antioxidant activity (EAO) of spermatozoa and on its DNA damage. This study included 108 male infertile patients with normal range of sperm conventional parameters but with unexplained infertility in assisted reproductive technologies programme. Firstly, OS was analysed based on lipid peroxidation (MDA) and EAO which included catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR). Secondly, we evaluated DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay and chromatin decondensation by aniline blue colouration. The whole lot was divided into four groups: control (nonalcoholic and nonsmoker patients), alcohol group, smoking group and alcohol-smoking group. The results showed, in three last groups compared to control an increased CAT, SOD and GR activities with high MDA level especially in smoking and alcohol-smoking group. The latter showed the highest values of DNA fragmentation and chromatin decondensation (31% and 39%) to exceed DNA damage normal range. Indeed, smoking and alcohol intake lead to increase EAO due to long-term unbalanced antioxidant/oxidation ratio with high OS which cause consequently sperm DNA damage calling in need by urgency to change the lifestyle behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aboulmaouahib
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire (PGM), Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Université HASSAN II, Casablanca, Morocco.,Labomac IVF Centers and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Casablanca, Morocco.,Anfa Fertility Center, Private Clinic of Human Reproduction and Endoscopic Surgery, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Madkour
- Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - I Kaarouch
- Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - O Sefrioui
- Anfa Fertility Center, Private Clinic of Human Reproduction and Endoscopic Surgery, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - B Saadani
- IVF Center IRIFIV, Clinique des Iris, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H Copin
- Reproductive Medicine & Developmental Biology, Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - M Benkhalifa
- Reproductive Medicine & Developmental Biology, Regional University Hospital & School of Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,PERITOX-INERIS Laboratory, CURS, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - N Louanjli
- Labomac IVF Centers and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Casablanca, Morocco.,Anfa Fertility Center, Private Clinic of Human Reproduction and Endoscopic Surgery, Casablanca, Morocco.,IVF Center IRIFIV, Clinique des Iris, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - R Cadi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire (PGM), Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Université HASSAN II, Casablanca, Morocco
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17
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Magdi Y, Darwish E, Elbashir S, Majzoub A, Agarwal A. Effect of modifiable lifestyle factors and antioxidant treatment on semen parameters of men with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Magdi
- Dar Almaraa Fertility and Gynecology Center; Cairo Egypt
| | - E. Darwish
- TobLap Company for Laboratories Consultations and Training; Cairo Egypt
| | - S. Elbashir
- Department of Urology; Faculty of Medicine; Benha University; Benha Egypt
| | - A. Majzoub
- Department of Urology; Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - A. Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
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18
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Ricci E, Al Beitawi S, Cipriani S, Candiani M, Chiaffarino F, Viganò P, Noli S, Parazzini F. Semen quality and alcohol intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 34:38-47. [PMID: 28029592 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is widespread in the Western world. Some studies have suggested a negative association between alcohol intake and semen quality although others have not confirmed this. MEDLINE and Embase were searched using 'alcohol intake' OR 'alcohol consumption' OR 'alcohol drinking' OR 'lifestyle' combined with 'semen quality' OR 'sperm quality' OR 'sperm volume' OR 'sperm concentration' OR 'sperm motility' for full-length observational articles, published in English. Reference lists of retrieved articles were searched for other pertinent studies. Main outcome measures were sperm parameters, if provided as means (standard deviation or standard error) or as medians (interquartile range). Fifteen cross-sectional studies were included, with 16,395 men enrolled. Main results showed that alcohol intake has a detrimental effect on semen volume (pooled estimate for no/low alcohol consumption 0.25 ml, 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.42) and normal morphology (1.87%, 95% CI, 0.86 to 2.88%). The difference was more marked when comparing occasional versus daily consumers, rather than never versus occasional, suggesting a moderate consumption did not adversely affect semen parameters. Hence, studies evaluating the effect of changes on semen parameters on the reproductive outcomes are needed in advance of providing recommendations regarding alcohol intake other than the advice to avoid heavy alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - Suha Al Beitawi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiaffarino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Noli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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19
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Yao DF, Mills JN. Male infertility: lifestyle factors and holistic, complementary, and alternative therapies. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:410-8. [PMID: 26952957 PMCID: PMC4854092 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.175779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While we may be comfortable with an allopathic approach to male infertility, we are also responsible for knowledge about lifestyle modifications and holistic, complementary, and alternative therapies that are used by many of our patients. This paper provides an evidence-based review separating fact from fiction for several of these therapies. There is sufficient literature to support weight reduction by diet and exercise, smoking cessation, and alcohol moderation. Supplements that have demonstrated positive effects on male fertility on small randomized controlled trial (RCT) include aescin, coenzyme Q 10 , glutathione, Korean red ginseng, L-carnitine, nigella sativa, omega-3, selenium, a combination of zinc and folate, and the Menevit antioxidant. There is no support for the use of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, or saffron. The data for Chinese herbal medications, acupuncture, mind-body practice, scrotal cooling, and faith-based healing are sparse or inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Yao
- Department of Urology, UCLA, 1260 15 St #1200, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Jesse N Mills
- Department of Urology, UCLA, 1260 15 St #1200, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
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20
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Davis EM, Peck JD, Peck BM, Kaplan HB. Associations between early alcohol and tobacco use and prolonged time to puberty in boys. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:459-66. [PMID: 24865813 PMCID: PMC4246021 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between prepubertal alcohol and tobacco use and delayed pubertal characteristics in girls. Although, laboratory research indicates that alcohol and tobacco use inhibits sexual maturation in male rats, human research in this area is lacking. To address this question among boys, we conducted a study to explore the association between early use of alcohol and tobacco and time to development of secondary sexual characteristics. METHODS The study population included 3199 boys interviewed between the ages of 11 and 21. Participants reported the ages at which they first experienced body hair growth, deepening of the voice and facial hair growth. Early alcohol and tobacco use were defined as first use preceding the age of pubertal development among those reporting regular consumption patterns. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Early alcohol use was associated with longer time to body hair growth (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.69-0.87), voice changes (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64-0.82) and facial hair growth (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.68-0.86), after adjusting for tobacco use and age at interview. Tobacco use was not independently associated with the puberty indicators after controlling for alcohol use and age at interview. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that alcohol may inhibit puberty onset in boys, an association that has been previously observed among young girls. Thus, alcohol may be an exposure deserving more scrutiny as a disruptor to normal pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Davis
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jennifer David Peck
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - B. Mitchell Peck
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Sociology, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Howard B. Kaplan
- Texas A&M University, Department of Sociology, College Station, TX 77843
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Jensen TK, Gottschau M, Madsen JOB, Andersson AM, Lassen TH, Skakkebæk NE, Swan SH, Priskorn L, Juul A, Jørgensen N. Habitual alcohol consumption associated with reduced semen quality and changes in reproductive hormones; a cross-sectional study among 1221 young Danish men. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005462. [PMID: 25277121 PMCID: PMC4185337 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study associations between three measures of alcohol consumption (recent, typical/habitual, binging), semen quality and serum reproductive hormones. DESIGN Cross-sectional population based study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 1221 young Danish men, aged 18-28 years were recruited when they attended a compulsory medical examination to determine their fitness for military service from 2008 to 2012. Total alcohol consumption: (1) in the week preceding (habitual/typical) the visit (recent alcohol intake), (2) in a typical week and (3) frequency of 'binge drinking' (consuming more than 5 units/day)) in the past 30 days was estimated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Semen quality (volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, and percentages of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa) and serum concentration of reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, oestradiol, free testosterone and inhibin B). RESULTS Sperm concentration, total sperm count and percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology were negatively associated with increasing habitual alcohol intake. This association was observed in men reporting at least 5 units in a typical week but was most pronounced for men with a typical intake of more than 25 units/week. Men with a typical weekly intake above 40 units had a 33% (95% CI 11% to 59%) reduction in sperm concentration compared to men with an intake of 1-5 units/week. A significant increase in serum free testosterone with increasing alcohol consumption the week preceding the visit was found. Binging was not independently associated with semen quality. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that even modest habitual alcohol consumption of more than 5 units per week had adverse effects on semen quality although most pronounced associations were seen in men who consumed more than 25 units per week. Alcohol consumption was also linked to changes in testosterone and SHBG levels. Young men should be advised to avoid habitual alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Gottschau
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Broby Madsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Maria Andersson
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Harmer Lassen
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- The Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Clinical factors associated with sperm DNA fragmentation in male patients with infertility. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:868303. [PMID: 25165747 PMCID: PMC4137616 DOI: 10.1155/2014/868303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical factors associated with sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) were investigated in male patients with infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four ejaculates from infertile Japanese males were used. Thirty-three and twenty-one were from the patients with varicoceles and idiopathic causes of infertility, respectively. We performed blood tests, including the serum sex hormone levels, and conventional and computer-assisted semen analyses. The sperm nuclear vacuolization (SNV) was evaluated using a high-magnification microscope. The SDF was evaluated using the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt) to determine the SDF index (SDFI). The SDFI was compared with semen parameters and other clinical variables, including lifestyle factors. RESULTS The SDFI was 41.3 ± 22.2% (mean ± standard deviation) and did not depend on the cause of infertility. Chronic alcohol use increased the SDFI to 49.6 ± 23.3% compared with 33.9 ± 18.0% in nondrinkers. The SDFI was related to adverse conventional semen parameters and sperm motion characteristics and correlated with the serum FSH level. The SNV showed a tendency to increase with the SDFI. The multivariate analysis revealed that the sperm progressive motility and chronic alcohol use were significant predictors of the SDF. CONCLUSION The SCDt should be offered to chronic alcohol users and those with decreased sperm progressive motility.
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Barazani Y, Katz BF, Nagler HM, Stember DS. Lifestyle, Environment, and Male Reproductive Health. Urol Clin North Am 2014; 41:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rahimipour M, Talebi AR, Anvari M, Sarcheshmeh AA, Omidi M. Effects of different doses of ethanol on sperm parameters, chromatin structure and apoptosis in adult mice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 170:423-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Condorelli R, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. Relationship between Testicular Volume and Conventional or Nonconventional Sperm Parameters. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:145792. [PMID: 24089610 PMCID: PMC3780703 DOI: 10.1155/2013/145792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Reduced testicular volume (TV) (<12 cm(3)) is associated with lower testicular function. Several studies explored the conventional sperm parameters (concentration, motility, and morphology) and the endocrine function (gonadotropins and testosterone serum concentrations) in the patients with reduction of TV. No other parameters have been examined. Aim. This study aims at evaluating some biofunctional sperm parameters by flow cytometry in the semen of men with reduced TV compared with that of subjects with normal TV. Methods. 78 patients without primary scrotal disease were submitted to ultrasound evaluation of the testis. They were divided into two groups according to testicular volume: A Group, including 40 patients with normal testicular volume (TV > 15 cm(3)) and B Group, including 38 patients with reduced testicular volume (TV ≤ 12 cm(3)). All patients underwent serum hormone concentration, conventional and biofunctional (flow cytometry) sperm parameters evaluation. Results. With regard to biofunctional sperm parameters, all values (mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine externalization, chromatin compactness, and DNA fragmentation) were strongly negatively correlated with testicular volume (P < 0.0001). Conclusions. This study for the first time in the literature states that the biofunctional sperm parameters worsen and with near linear correlation, with decreasing testicular volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Condorelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico”, Via S. Sofia 78, Building 4, Room 2C19, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico”, Via S. Sofia 78, Building 4, Room 2C19, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Policlinico “G. Rodolico”, Via S. Sofia 78, Building 4, Room 2C19, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Guthauser B, Boitrelle F, Plat A, Thiercelin N, Vialard F. Chronic Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Male Fertility: A Case Report on Reversible Azoospermia and a Literature Review. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 49:42-4. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Ferreira M, Silva JV, Silva V, Barros A, da Cruz e Silva OAB, Fardilha M. Lifestyle influences human sperm functional quality. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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28
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Hansen ML, Thulstrup AM, Bonde JP, Olsen J, Håkonsen LB, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Does last week's alcohol intake affect semen quality or reproductive hormones? A cross-sectional study among healthy young Danish men. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:457-62. [PMID: 22732148 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The association between last 5 days of alcohol intake, semen quality and reproductive hormones was estimated in this cross-sectional study among 347 men. Conventional semen characteristics, DNA fragmentation index and reproductive hormones (testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and inhibin B) were determined. There was a tendency towards lower semen characteristics at higher intake of alcohol past 5 days, albeit with no statistically significant dose-response association. The ratio between free estradiol and free testosterone was higher at higher alcohol intake during the 5 days preceding semen sampling. In conclusion, alcohol intake was associated with impairment of most semen characteristics but without a coherent dose-response pattern. The study indicates an association between recent alcohol intake and a hormonal shift towards higher estradiol/testosterone ratio. The hormonal changes observed may over time, lead to adverse effects on semen quality, but longitudinal studies are needed to study this.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Hansen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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29
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Eid N, Ito Y, Otsuki Y. Enhanced mitophagy in Sertoli cells of ethanol-treated rats: morphological evidence and clinical relevance. J Mol Histol 2011; 43:71-80. [PMID: 22076330 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-011-9372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although chronic ethanol consumption results in Sertoli cell vacuolization and augmented testicular germ cell apoptosis via death receptor and mitochondrial pathways, Sertoli cells are resistant to apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether the activation of autophagy in the Sertoli cells of ethanol-treated rats (ETR) may have a role in their survival. Adult Wistar rats were fed either 5% ethanol in Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet or an isocaloric control diet for 12 weeks. The TUNEL method demonstrated that Sertoli cells were always TUNEL-negative despite the presence of many apoptotic germ cells in ETR, supporting our previous studies. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of large numbers of autophagic vacuoles (AVs) in Sertoli cells of ETR compared to few AVs in control testes. Most of the AVs in Sertoli cells of ETR enveloped and sequestered damaged and abnormally shaped mitochondria, without cytoplasm, indicating mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Immuno-electron microscopy showed the localization of LC3, a specific marker of early AVs (autophagosomes), around AVs sequestering mitochondria in Sertoli cells of ETR. Immunohistochemical staining of LC3 demonstrated a punctate pattern in Sertoli cells of ETR, confirming the formation of autophagosomes, while LC3 puncta were almost absent in control testes. Moreover, increased immunoreactivity of LAMP-2, a lysosomal membrane protein and marker of late AVs (autolysosomes), was mainly observed in Sertoli cells of ETR, with weaker expression in control testes. Via the deletion of pro-apoptotic damaged mitochondria, enhanced Sertoli cell mitophagy in ETR may be an anti-apoptotic mechanism that is essential for spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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30
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Male and female reproductive toxicity induced by sub-chronic ethanol exposure in CF-1 mice. Cell Biol Toxicol 2011; 27:237-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-011-9185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency: prevalence in males with unexplained abnormal sperm analysis. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:1887-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Sartorius GA, Handelsman DJ. Testicular Dysfunction in Systemic Diseases. Andrology 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-78355-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Li Y, Lin H, Ma M, Li L, Cai M, Zhou N, Han X, Bao H, Huang L, Zhu C, Li C, Yang H, Rao Z, Xiang Y, Cui Z, Ao L, Zhou Z, Xiong H, Cao J. Semen quality of 1346 healthy men, results from the Chongqing area of southwest China. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:459-69. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Malm G, Haugen TB, Henrichsen T, Bjørsvik C, Grotmol T, Saether T, Malm J, Figenschau Y, Hagmar L, Rylander L, Levine RJ, Giwercman A. Reproductive function during summer and winter in Norwegian men living north and south of the Arctic circle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:4397-402. [PMID: 15356037 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal, daylight-dependent variation in human spermatozoa counts, with lowest values during summer, has been suggested. To test this hypothesis, we performed a longitudinal study of semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in Norwegian men living north and south of the Arctic Circle. An ejaculate and a serum specimen were obtained both in summer and in winter from 92 volunteers in Tromsoe (69 degrees north latitude) and 112 in Oslo (60 degrees north latitude). Semen analyses were performed, and serum was assayed for FSH and inhibin B. The median spermatozoa concentration in Tromsoe after adjustment for abstinence period length was 49 x 10(6)/ml in summer and 54 x 10(6)/ml in winter. Corresponding values for Oslo were 59 x 10(6)/ml and 54 x 10(6)/ml. The seasonal differences in spermatozoa concentration were not statistically significant, nor were significant differences observed in median total spermatozoa count, semen volume, percentage progressive motile spermatozoa, or FSH. In Tromsoe, but not Oslo, inhibin B concentration was slightly, but significantly (P = 0.02) higher in winter than summer (229 ng/liter vs. 223 ng/liter). The length of the daylight period may have a slight impact on hormonal markers of spermatogenesis but does not cause substantial changes in spermatozoa numbers and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Malm
- Fertility Center, Scanian Andrology Centre, Malmö University Hospital, SE 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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35
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Vicari E, Arancio A, Giuffrida V, D'Agata R, Calogero AE. A case of reversible azoospermia following withdrawal from alcohol consumption. J Endocrinol Invest 2002; 25:473-6. [PMID: 12035947 DOI: 10.1007/bf03344041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intake is associated with male reproductive function impairment. However, no longitudinal studies have been carried out to determine the recovery of alcohol-related spermatogenetic failure subsequent to moderate periods of abstinence. The present report describes the achievement of a pregnancy 3 months after withdrawal from alcohol consumption in the partner of a patient with azoospermia secondary to heavy alcoholic intake (mean daily alcohol consumption: 90 g). Alcoholism was the putative cause of the infertile condition of this patient because, during alcohol consumption, he first had teratozoospermia characterized by a never reported high percentage of spermatozoa with large heads (associated with a nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anaemia in the blood smear), and subsequently azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vicari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
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36
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Donnelly GP, McClure N, Kennedy MS, Lewis SEM. Direct effect of alcohol on the motility and morphology of human spermatozoa. Andrologia 1999. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0272.1999.00242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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37
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Porter WP, Jaeger JW, Carlson IH. Endocrine, immune, and behavioral effects of aldicarb (carbamate), atrazine (triazine) and nitrate (fertilizer) mixtures at groundwater concentrations. Toxicol Ind Health 1999; 15:133-50. [PMID: 10188196 DOI: 10.1177/074823379901500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the results of 5 years of research on interactive effects of mixtures of aldicarb, atrazine, and nitrate on endocrine, immune, and nervous system function. The concentrations of chemicals used were the same order of magnitude as current maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for all three compounds. Such levels occur in groundwater across the United States. Dosing was through voluntary consumption of drinking water. We used fractional and full factorial designs with center replicates to determine multifactor effects. We used chronic doses in experiments that varied in duration from 22 to 103 days. We tested for changes in thyroid hormone levels, ability to make antibodies to foreign proteins, and aggression in wild deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, and white outbred Swiss Webster mice, Mus musculus, ND4 strain. Endocrine, immune, and behavior changes occurred due to doses of mixtures, but rarely due to single compounds at the same concentrations. Immune assay data suggest the possibility of seasonal effects at low doses. We present a multiple-level model to help interpret the data in the context of human health and biological conservation concerns. We discuss six testing deficiencies of currently registered pesticides, and suggest areas of human health concerns if present trends in pesticide use continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Porter
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. (or)
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38
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Donnelly GP, McClure N, Kennedy MS, Lewis SEM. Direct effect of alcohol on the motility and morphology of human spermatozoa. Andrologia 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1999.tb02841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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39
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Pajarinen J, Savolainen V, Perola M, Penttilä A, Karhunen PJ. Polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 2E1 gene and alcohol-induced disorders of human spermatogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 1996; 19:314-22. [PMID: 8985781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The association between alcohol-induced disorders of human spermatogenesis and four restriction fragment polymorphisms (DraI, MspI, PstI and RsaI) of the cytochrome P450 2E1 gene was investigated in an autopsy study on 254 men. Acquaintances were interviewed and the mean daily alcohol consumption of the subjects was calculated on the basis of the interviews. Spermatogenesis score and testicular morphology were assessed by light-microscopy, and cytochrome 2E1 polymorphic genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction. Of the 204 heavy-drinking men, 42 (20.6%) men had normal spermatogenesis (p < 0.001, compared to moderate drinkers). Partial spermatogenic arrest was observed in 76 (37.3%) men and complete spermatogenic arrest in 79 (38.7%) men (p < 0.001, compared to moderate drinkers), whereas seven men (3.4%) had Sertoli cell only syndrome. The overall allelic frequencies for the common and rare polymorphic alleles were 0.98 and 0.02 (MspI) and 0.99 and 0.01 (PstI and RsaI), respectively. No associations between heterozygosity in the MspI, PstI or RsaI loci, or the allelic frequencies of common and rare alleles, and disorders of spermatogenesis were observed. The allelic frequencies for the common and rare polymorphic alleles in the DraI locus were 0.90 and 0.10, respectively. No significant difference was observed, either among moderate or heavy drinkers, in the frequency of the rare allele between men with disorders of spermatogenesis and those with normal spermatogenesis in the respective group, although men with disorders of spermatogenesis in general had a slightly lower frequency of the rare allele when compared to those with normal spermatogenesis. In conclusion, we were unable to demonstrate a significant association between any polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 gene and disorders of spermatogenesis. RsaI, MspI and PstI polymorphisms were extremely rare in our population and could thus possibly be excluded as reasons for genetic susceptibility to disorders of spermatogenesis in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pajarinen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Pajarinen J, Savolainen V, Perola M, Penttilä A, Karhunen PJ. Glutathione S-transferase-M1 'null' genotype and alcohol-induced disorders of human spermatogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 1996; 19:155-63. [PMID: 8876265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The association between alcohol-induced disorders of human spermatogenesis and glutathione S-transferase-M1 genotype was investigated in an autopsy study comprising 271 subjects, including interviews with relatives or close acquaintances on the alcohol consumption of the deceased. Of the 50 moderate drinking men (reported mean daily alcohol consumption < 40 g), 21 (42.0%) had normal spermatogenesis, whereas 24 men (48.0%) had partial, and five (10.0%) complete arrest of spermatogenesis. Of the 21 men with normal spermatogenesis, nine (42.9%) had GST M1 'null' genotype, while this genotype was found in 13 (44.8%) of the 29 men with partial or complete spermatogenic arrest. Of 212 heavy-drinking men (reported mean daily alcohol consumption > 80 g), only 45 (21.2%) had normal spermatogenesis, whereas 77 (36.3%) had partial spermatogenic arrest. Complete arrest of spermatogenesis was found in 81 men (38.2%) and nine men had Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (4.2%). Of the 45 heavy drinkers with normal spermatogenesis, 27 (60%) men had GST M1 'null' genotype (OR 2.7 with 95% confidence intervals: 1.0-4.0, when compared to those with disorders of spermatogenesis). The frequency of GST M1 'null' genotype in heavy drinkers with normal spermatogenesis also differed from that of corresponding moderate drinkers, whereas the frequency of GST M1 'null' genotype in heavy drinkers with disorders of spermatogenesis was similar to moderate drinkers with or without disorders of spermatogenesis. The finding that > 20% of men in the heavy-drinking group had normal spermatogenesis suggests individual variations in sensitivity to alcohol-induced disorders of this process. Heavy drinkers with GST M1 'null' genotype were slightly less prone to develop disorders of spermatogenesis. Thus, the GST M1 locus may be associated with susceptibility to develop alcohol-induced disorders of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pajarinen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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