1
|
Barki M, Xue H. GABRB2, a key player in neuropsychiatric disorders and beyond. Gene 2022; 809:146021. [PMID: 34673206 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The GABA receptors represent the main inhibitory system in the central nervous system that ensure synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, and the regulation of neuronal plasticity and learning. GABAA receptors are pentameric in structure and belong to the Cys-loop superfamily. The GABRB2 gene, located on chromosome 5q34, encodes the β2 subunit that combines with the α and γ subunits to form the major subtype of GABAA receptors, which account for 43% of all GABAA receptors in the mammalian brain. Each subunit probably consists of an extracellular N-terminal domain, four membrane-spanning segments, a large intracellular loop between TM3 and TM4, and an extracellular C-terminal domain. Alternative splicing of the RNA transcript of the GABRB2 gene gives rise at least to four long and short isoforms with dissimilar electrophysiological properties. Furthermore, GABRB2 is imprinted and subjected to epigenetic regulation and positive selection. It has been associated with schizophrenia first in Han Chinese, and subsequently validated in other populations. Gabrb2 knockout mice also exhibited schizophrenia-like behavior and neuroinflammation that were ameliorated by the antipsychotic drug risperidone. GABRB2 was also associated with other neuropsychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, substance dependence, depression, internet gaming disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Recently, it has been postulated that GABRB2 might be a potential marker for different cancer types. As GABRB2 has a pivotal role in the central nervous system and is increasingly recognized to contribute to human diseases, further understanding of its structure and function may expedite the generation of new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Barki
- Center for Cancer Genomics, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Center for Cancer Genomics, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaminskaite M, Jokubka R, Janaviciute J, Lelyte I, Sinkariova L, Pranckeviciene A, Borutaite V, Bunevicius A. Epistatic effect of Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 - Dopamine receptor D2 and catechol-o-methyltransferase single nucleotide polymorphisms on the risk for hazardous use of alcohol in Lithuanian population. Gene 2020; 765:145107. [PMID: 32889058 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Lithuanian population has outstanding rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol related mortality. Alteration of brain dopaminergic system play a role in the risk for addiction disorders. We evaluated the association of one single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800497 in the Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1 - Dopamine Receptor D2 complex (ANKK1-DRD2) and a catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 single nucleotide polymorphism with the risk for alcohol use disorder and impulsiveness in Lithuanian population. Both genetic polymorphisms are known to alter brain dopaminergic activity, thus we also investigated the possible interaction effect of these polymorphisms. METHODS The study included 329 participants recruited from the local community. Hazardous alcohol use was evaluated using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Impulsiveness was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale - 11 (BIS-11). Between group differences of AUDIT and BIS-11 scores were examined stratified by genetic polymorphisms and their combinations. The independent effect of each polymorphism and their interaction for hazardous alcohol use were evaluated using adjusted logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphism was associated with total AUDIT score, but not with the hazardous use of alcohol, as indicated by the AUDIT test cut-off of 8. The COMT rs4680 GG genotype was associated with the hazardous use of alcohol (adjusted OR = 2.094, p = 0.029), but this association was not statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Presence of both COMT rs4680 and ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 GGxCT/TT polymorphisms was associated with significantly increased risk for hazardous use of alcohol (adjusted OR = 5.016, p = 0.005). The COMT rs4680 and ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 genetic polymorphisms, and their combination were not associated with impulsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the interaction of COMT rs4680 and ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 genetic polymorphisms is associated with a hazardous use of alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Migle Kaminskaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ramunas Jokubka
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Inesa Lelyte
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liuda Sinkariova
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Pranckeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adomas Bunevicius
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Price T, Brust TF. Adenylyl cyclase 7 and neuropsychiatric disorders: A new target for depression? Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:106-112. [PMID: 30904753 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are enzymes that catalyze the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Humans express nine isoforms of membranous ACs and a soluble AC. Studies with genetic knockout or overexpression rodent models have indicated that AC isoforms may be targeted to achieve specific therapeutic outcomes. AC1, for instance, has been suggested and pursued as a target for relieving pain. Notably, previous studies examining genetically modified mice as well as human genetic polymorphisms have suggested a link between AC7 activity and depressive disorders. In the present review we present an overview on AC function and discuss the most recent developments to target AC isoforms for drug therapies. We next focus on discussing the available literature on the molecular and animal pharmacology of AC7 highlighting the available studies on the role of AC7 in depressive disorders. In addition, we discuss other possible physiological functions of AC7 relating to ethanol effects and the immune system and conclude with considerations about pharmacological modulation of AC7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Price
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL 33416, United States
| | - Tarsis F Brust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL 33416, United States..
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peterson AV, Marek PM, Kealey KA, Bricker JB, Ludman EJ, Heffner JL. Does Effectiveness of Adolescent Smoking-Cessation Intervention Endure Into Young Adulthood? 7-Year Follow-Up Results from a Group-Randomized Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146459. [PMID: 26829013 PMCID: PMC4734743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hutchinson Study of High School Smoking was the first randomized trial to show effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention on 6-months prolonged smoking abstinence at one year post-intervention in a large population-based sample of adolescent smokers. An important question remains: Do the positive effects from teen smoking cessation interventions seen at up to 12 months post-intervention endure into young adulthood? This study examines for the first time whether such positive early effects from teen smoking cessation intervention can endure into young adulthood in the absence of additional intervention. METHODS High school smokers (n = 2,151) were proactively recruited into the trial from fifty randomly selected Washington State high schools randomized to the experimental (Motivational Interviewing + Cognitive Behavioral Skills Training telephone counseling intervention) or control (no intervention) condition. These smokers were followed to 7 years post high school to ascertain rates of six-year prolonged smoking abstinence in young adulthood. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS No evidence of intervention impact at seven years post high school was observed for the main endpoint of six-year prolonged abstinence, neither among all smokers (14.2% in the experimental condition vs. 13.1% in the control condition, difference = +1.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.4 to 5.8, p = .61), nor among the subgroups of daily smokers and less-than-daily smokers, nor among other a priori subgroups. But, observed among males was some evidence of an intervention impact on two endpoints related to progress towards quitting: reduction in number of days smoked in the past month, and increase in the length of the longest quit attempt in the past year. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence from this trial among adolescent smokers that positive effectiveness of the proactive telephone intervention for smoking abstinence, observed previously at one year post-intervention, was sustained for the long-term into young adulthood. In light of the positive short-term effectiveness consistently observed from this and other trials for teen smokers, together with the lack of evidence from this study that such short-term impact can endure into young adulthood, sustained interventions that continue into young adulthood should be developed and tested for long-term impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00115882.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur V. Peterson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Marek
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Kealey
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan B. Bricker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Evette J. Ludman
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jaimee L. Heffner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neupane SP, Bramness JG. Who seeks treatment for alcohol problems? Demography and alcohol-use characteristics of patients in taboo and non-taboo drinking groups attending professional alcohol services in Nepal. Asian J Psychiatr 2014; 12:82-7. [PMID: 25440566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Only few individuals with alcohol problems seek help; those who do have not been described adequately. Here, we summarize the demographic and alcohol-related features of inpatients attending professional alcohol services in Nepal and examine differences between patients with and without social taboos about drinking. METHODS Fully structured interviews including the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were administered to 177 men and 21 women consecutively admitted to eight alcohol treatment centres in Kathmandu. RESULTS Altogether, 164 patients (83%) had alcohol dependence and 24 patients (12%) had alcohol abuse. The sample had a mean age of 35.3 years (SD 10.1) with a time lag of 16.8 years (SD 9.8) from start of habitual drinking to first entry into treatment. Most (62%) were married, lived in urban areas (72%), had above-average income (57%), received adequate social support (71%), and belonged to social groups in which drinking is taboo (57%). Individuals in non-taboo group more often lived in urban areas, had lower socioeconomic status, more often reported parental problem drinking and started drinking at a younger age, whereas individuals in the taboo group more often had late onset, risky drinking, and waited longer before seeking treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Traditionally alcohol non-using castes and people with higher socioeconomic status over-represent professional alcohol services in Kathmandu. This, and high levels of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, indicate changing trends concerning social tolerance towards alcohol in Nepalese society in recent times and a heavy burden associated with alcohol disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Prasad Neupane
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, The Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jørgen G Bramness
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Preuss UW, Watzke S, Wurst FM. Dimensionality and stages of severity of DSM-5 criteria in an international sample of alcohol-consuming individuals. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3303-3314. [PMID: 25065388 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria proposal contains 11 criteria that include most of the DSM-IV abuse and dependence criteria plus craving. The aims of the current study in a large and international alcohol-consuming sample were to confirm the dimensionality of the DSM-5 AUD criteria and to differentiate grades of severity of DSM-5 AUD in subjects who pass the proposed DSM-5 diagnostic threshold of two criteria. METHOD We used the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society on Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ISBRA) Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcohol Use and Dependence dataset. Subjects included in the analyses were aged ≥ 18 years and were recruited in five countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Finland and Japan. Assessment of AUD and additional characteristics was conducted using an adapted version of the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS). Dimensionality of the DSM-5 criteria was evaluated using factor analysis and item response theory (IRT) models. The IRT results led to the classification of AUD patients into three severity groups. External validators were used to differentiate statistically across subgroups. RESULTS A total of 1424 currently drinking individuals were included in the analyses. Factor and IRT analyses confirmed the dimensional structure of DSM-5 AUD criteria. More than 99% of the subjects could be allocated to one of the suggested severity subgroups. The magnitude of the external validators differed significantly across the severity groups. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the dimensional structure of the proposed DSM-5 AUD criteria. The suggested stages of severity (mild, moderate and severe) may be useful to clinicians by grouping individuals not only in the mild but also in the moderate to severe spectrum of DSM-5 AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U W Preuss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics,University of Halle-Wittenberg,Germany
| | - S Watzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics,University of Halle-Wittenberg,Germany
| | - F M Wurst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II,Paracelsus University,Salzburg,Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Could trisialotransferrin be used as an additional biomarker to CDT in order to improve detection of chronic excessive alcohol intake? Clin Biochem 2014; 47:1203-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
8
|
Healthy lifestyle behaviors and decreased risk of mortality in a large prospective study of U.S. women and men. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28:361-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-013-9796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
9
|
Witbrodt J, Romelsjö A. Treatment seeking and subsequent 1-year drinking outcomes among treatment clients in Sweden and the U.S.A.: a cross-cultural comparison. Addict Behav 2012; 37:1122-31. [PMID: 22673154 PMCID: PMC3395428 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cross-cultural comparisons provide a method for distinguishing unique aspects as well as shared aspects of different cultures. Theoretically framed by a health-services conceptual model, we examine the extent that culture-specific versus common characteristics are associated with treatment seeking and drinking outcome. Swedish (n=997) and U.S. (n=501) alcohol-dependent individuals were interviewed at baseline and 1-year (n=635 and n=384 respectively). Both studies gathered comparable background, help-seeking, and drinking data. Regression models tested predictors of 1-year follow-up drinking defined as abstinence or moderate drinking versus heavy drinking. Swedish individuals were older and had social networks comprised mostly of substance abusers compared to U.S. individuals who reported higher problem severity and greater drug involvement. Whereas U.S. individuals reported greater prior mutual-help attendance, Swedish individuals reported greater prior treatment involvement. Better 1-year drinking outcomes were reported by women, younger age groups and those with an abstinence goal in both samples. Cultural and institutional differences were apparent. For example, with Swedish individuals having a mostly non-using network predicted better outcomes, whereas lower problem severity was a predictor for U.S. individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Witbrodt
- Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pesce A, West C, Egan City K, Strickland J. Interpretation of Urine Drug Testing in Pain Patients. PAIN MEDICINE 2012; 13:868-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Snell LD, Ramchandani VA, Saba L, Herion D, Heilig M, George DT, Pridzun L, Helander A, Schwandt ML, Phillips MJ, Hoffman PL, Tabakoff B. The biometric measurement of alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:332-41. [PMID: 21895709 PMCID: PMC3461278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper ascertainment of the history of alcohol consumption by an individual is an important component of medical diagnosis of disease and influences the implementation of appropriate treatment strategies that include prescription of medication, as well as intervention for the negative physical and social consequences of hazardous/harmful levels of alcohol consumption. Biological (biometric) diagnostic tests that provide information on current and past quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption by an individual, prior to onset of organ damage, continue to be sought. METHODS Platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) protein was quantitated in 2 populations of subjects who had histories of different levels of alcohol consumption. Levels were assayed by immunoblotting or by ELISA. The development and evaluation of the new ELISA-based measure of platelet MAO-B protein levels is described. RESULTS One subject population constituted a nontreatment-seeking, cross-sectional subject sample, and the other population was a longitudinally followed, hospitalized group of subjects. An algorithm combining measures of platelet MAO-B protein with the plasma levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and with liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase or γ-glutamyltransferase [GGT]) can detect hazardous/harmful alcohol use (HHAU) with the highest sensitivity and specificity in the cross-sectional nontreatment-seeking population. In the treatment-seeking population, low MAO-B protein levels at admission are associated with heavy drinking prior to admission, and these protein levels increase over a period of abstinence from alcohol. CONCLUSIONS The platelet MAO-B protein measurement is particularly effective for male alcohol consumers. The combined use of MAO-B protein measures together with measures of CDT and GGT does, however, improve the diagnostic utility of both markers for ascertaining HHAU in women. Furthermore, measurement of changes in platelet MAO-B protein levels during treatment for alcohol dependence may help monitor the success of the treatment program.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Alcohol consumption and its association with health or illness states are of great interest from the nutritional genomics point of view. This interest is centered not only on investigating the genetic variants that can modulate the effects of alcoholic beverages on different intermediate and final disease phenotypes (mainly cardiovascular diseases and cancer), but also on finding out how the genome influences the amount of alcohol consumed and consumption habits. This chapter reviews the latest findings on alcohol consumption trends, the methodological limitations in the analysis of alcohol consumption, and the main genes and polymorphisms related to alcohol intake, including the inconsistent results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). It also reviews the effects of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular diseases and cancer and the studies analyzing the interactions between different genetic polymorphisms and alcohol in phenotypes related to these diseases, discussing the studies' advantages and limitations as well as future research perspectives.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hatchett BF, Holmes KY, Patterson B, Bryan-Young RM. Beliefs of older Mexican American women about alcohol and alcohol use. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2011; 10:337-62. [PMID: 22150131 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2011.623549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This exploratory study assessed the belief system regarding alcohol use in a non-clinical population of Mexican American women age 55 and older drawn from a potential population of 1,000 older adults who attend nine senior centers. The overriding research question was: What are the normative attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding alcohol in this population of older Mexican American women? Findings from this study can serve as a baseline for comparison for future studies of older Mexican American who are more acculturated or who are second- and third-generation Mexican Americans.
Collapse
|
14
|
Goldstein RB, Dawson DA, Grant BF. Antisocial Behavioral Syndromes in Adulthood and Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment over Three-Year Follow-Up: Results from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2010; 16:212-26. [PMID: 20838468 PMCID: PMC2936770 DOI: 10.1177/1078390310375846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is associated with poorer treatment outcomes, but more help seeking, for alcohol use disorders (AUDs); however, associations of ASPD with AUD treatment in the general population have not been studied prospectively. OBJECTIVE To examine prediction of treatment over 3-year follow-up among adults with AUDs by baseline ASPD and syndromal adult antisocial behavior without conduct disorder before age 15 (AABS). METHOD Face-to-face interviews with 34,653 respondents to the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, of whom 3875 had prevalent AUDs between Waves 1 and 2 and ASPD, AABS, or no antisocial syndrome at Wave 1. RESULTS In unadjusted analyses, baseline ASPD predicted AUD treatment but AABS did not. After adjustment for additional need, predisposing, and enabling factors, antisocial syndromes did not predict treatment. Baseline predictors of treatment included more past-year AUD symptoms, and past-year nicotine dependence and AUD treatment. CONCLUSIONS That baseline antisocial syndrome did not predict AUD treatment may reflect strong associations of antisociality with previously identified predictors of help seeking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risë B. Goldstein
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deborah A. Dawson
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bridget F. Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tabakoff B, Saba L, Printz M, Flodman P, Hodgkinson C, Goldman D, Koob G, Richardson HN, Kechris K, Bell RL, Hübner N, Heinig M, Pravenec M, Mangion J, Legault L, Dongier M, Conigrave KM, Whitfield JB, Saunders J, Grant B, Hoffman PL. Genetical genomic determinants of alcohol consumption in rats and humans. BMC Biol 2009; 7:70. [PMID: 19874574 PMCID: PMC2777866 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-7-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have used a genetical genomic approach, in conjunction with phenotypic analysis of alcohol consumption, to identify candidate genes that predispose to varying levels of alcohol intake by HXB/BXH recombinant inbred rat strains. In addition, in two populations of humans, we assessed genetic polymorphisms associated with alcohol consumption using a custom genotyping array for 1,350 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our goal was to ascertain whether our approach, which relies on statistical and informatics techniques, and non-human animal models of alcohol drinking behavior, could inform interpretation of genetic association studies with human populations. RESULTS In the HXB/BXH recombinant inbred (RI) rats, correlation analysis of brain gene expression levels with alcohol consumption in a two-bottle choice paradigm, and filtering based on behavioral and gene expression quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses, generated a list of candidate genes. A literature-based, functional analysis of the interactions of the products of these candidate genes defined pathways linked to presynaptic GABA release, activation of dopamine neurons, and postsynaptic GABA receptor trafficking, in brain regions including the hypothalamus, ventral tegmentum and amygdala. The analysis also implicated energy metabolism and caloric intake control as potential influences on alcohol consumption by the recombinant inbred rats. In the human populations, polymorphisms in genes associated with GABA synthesis and GABA receptors, as well as genes related to dopaminergic transmission, were associated with alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION Our results emphasize the importance of the signaling pathways identified using the non-human animal models, rather than single gene products, in identifying factors responsible for complex traits such as alcohol consumption. The results suggest cross-species similarities in pathways that influence predisposition to consume alcohol by rats and humans. The importance of a well-defined phenotype is also illustrated. Our results also suggest that different genetic factors predispose alcohol dependence versus the phenotype of alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Morton Printz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pam Flodman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George Koob
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Heather N Richardson
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department Psychology-Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Mangion
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, UK
- Applied Biosystems, Lingley House, 120 Birchwood Blvd., Warrington, Cheshire, WA3 7QH, UK
| | - Lucie Legault
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maurice Dongier
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine M Conigrave
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - John Saunders
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bridget Grant
- Division of Epidemiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paula L Hoffman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
YALDIZLI ÖZGÜR, KUHL HANSCHRISTIAN, GRAF MARC, WIESBECK GERHARDA, WURST FRIEDRICHM. Risk factors for suicide attempts in patients with alcohol dependence or abuse and a history of depressive symptoms: A subgroup analysis from the WHO/ISBRA study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009; 29:64-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Kalaydjian A, Swendsen J, Chiu WT, Dierker L, Degenhardt L, Glantz M, Merikangas KR, Sampson N, Kessler R. Sociodemographic predictors of transitions across stages of alcohol use, disorders, and remission in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Compr Psychiatry 2009; 50:299-306. [PMID: 19486727 PMCID: PMC2933383 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although much is known about risk factors for the initiation of alcohol use, abuse, and dependence, few population-based studies have examined the predictors of transitions across these stages. AIM The aim of this study is to examine the sociodemographic predictors of transitions across 6 stages of alcohol use in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative household survey of the US population. METHODS A lifetime history of alcohol use, regular use (at least 12 drinks in a year), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition alcohol abuse and dependence with abuse was collected in 5692 National Comorbidity Survey Replication respondents using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Version 3.0. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence estimates were 91.7% for lifetime alcohol use, 72.9% for regular use, 13.2% for abuse, and 5.4% for dependence with abuse. Male sex, young age, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, low education, student status, and never being married predicted the onset of alcohol use, the transition from use to regular use, and from regular use to abuse. An early age of onset of alcohol use also predicted the latter transition. The transition from abuse to dependence was associated with an early age of onset of regular alcohol use, being previously married, and student status. Remission was predicted by young age and a later age of onset of alcohol abuse. CONCLUSION The reduced number and magnitude of factors associated with transitions to dependence and remission suggest qualitatively different risk factors at these stages relative to other stages of progression. Further knowledge is needed concerning the mechanisms underlying these differences to guide selective and indicated prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kalaydjian
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20893, USA.
| | - Joel Swendsen
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS 5231), France
| | - Wai-Tat Chiu
- Department of Health Policy, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Dierker
- Wesleyan University, Department of Psychology, Middletown, Connecticut
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meyer Glantz
- Division of Epidemiology, Prevention and Services Research of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute On Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen R. Merikangas
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy Sampson
- Department of Health Policy, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald Kessler
- Department of Health Policy, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wiesbeck GA, Kuhl HC, Yaldizli O, Wurst FM. Tobacco smoking and depression--results from the WHO/ISBRA study. Neuropsychobiology 2008; 57:26-31. [PMID: 18424908 DOI: 10.1159/000123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the relationship between tobacco smoking and depression, and to estimate the impact of other substance dependencies. DESIGN Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,849 men and women were interviewed face-to-face using a validated structured questionnaire. According to their tobacco smoking behavior, participants were grouped into never smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers. MEASUREMENTS Data were generated through the WHO/ISBRA study, an international multicenter study with a cross-sectional design. A standardized questionnaire was administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict depression. RESULTS There was a significant difference across the 3 smoking groups in the number of subjects who had major depression (DSM-IV) during their lifetime. The highest rate of depressives was found in current smokers (23.7%), the lowest rate in never smokers (6.2%), while the rate of those who had quit smoking (14.6%) was between both. In a logistic regression analysis, alcohol dependence (both current and during lifetime) as well as cocaine dependence were significant predictors of depression. However, the association between smoking and depression still remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study adds support to the evidence that smoking is linked to depression. It also elucidates the importance of taking into account alcohol and cocaine dependence since they have a significant impact on the relationship between smoking and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Wiesbeck
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kissack JC, Bishop J, Roper AL. Ethylglucuronide as a Biomarker for Ethanol Detection. Pharmacotherapy 2008; 28:769-81. [DOI: 10.1592/phco.28.6.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Bergström JP, Helander A. Influence of alcohol use, ethnicity, age, gender, BMI and smoking on the serum transferrin glycoform pattern: Implications for use of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) as alcohol biomarker. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 388:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Östlund A, Hensing G, Jakobsson A, Sundh V, Spak F. A cross-sectional study of personality traits in women previously treated or untreated for alcohol use disorders. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2007; 2:24. [PMID: 17683607 PMCID: PMC1976609 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-2-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of the relationship between treatment-seeking for alcohol problems and personality traits could give useful insight in factors promoting or hindering treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD). The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between treatment-seeking for AUD, personality traits, and psychiatric co-morbidity in women. The study was based on pooled cross-sectional data from three population based samples and one clinical sample (n = 1,339). Comparisons were made between treated and untreated women with AUD, and between those with resolved and unresolved AUD. RESULTS A stepwise logistic regression model showed that treatment-seeking for AUD was not associated with personality traits. Among women with lifetime AUD (n = 217), those who had been treated (n = 42) had significantly higher scores than untreated women (n = 175) on three personality traits of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP); somatic anxiety, muscular tension, and guilt. Women with resolved AUD, who had received treatment (n = 23) had significantly higher scores on scales measuring somatic anxiety, psychic anxiety, muscular tension, irritability, and guilt than untreated women with resolved AUD. The latter group resembled women without AUD on most personality traits. There were no differences in occurrence of lifetime psychiatric disorders between the treated and the untreated women, whereas treated women with current AUD had increased risk of lifetime anxiety (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1-8.7). CONCLUSION Treatment-seeking was not associated with personality traits in this study. Still, it can be concluded that women with resolved AUD who had received treatment had high scores on the KSP-scales measuring psychic and somatic anxiety, tension, irritability, and feelings of guilt. This suggests that personality assessment might be a useful tool in tailoring individual treatment programs for women with AUD. Future studies need to explore if women who do not seek treatment have special needs which are not met in usual treatment settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Östlund
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at Goteborg University, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, PO Box 453, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hensing
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at Goteborg University, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, PO Box 453, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Annika Jakobsson
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at Goteborg University, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, PO Box 453, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Valter Sundh
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at Goteborg University, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, PO Box 453, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Spak
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at Goteborg University, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, PO Box 453, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Malley SS, Sinha R, Grilo CM, Capone C, Farren CK, McKee SA, Rounsaville BJ, Wu R. Naltrexone and cognitive behavioral coping skills therapy for the treatment of alcohol drinking and eating disorder features in alcohol-dependent women: a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31:625-34. [PMID: 17374042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite important gender differences in drinking patterns, physiological effects of alcohol, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions, relatively little is known about the efficacy of naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence in women. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of naltrexone in combination with Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills Therapy (CBCST) in a sample of alcohol-dependent women, some with comorbid eating pathology. METHODS One hundred three women meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence (29 with comorbid eating disturbances) were randomized to receive either naltrexone 50 mg or placebo for 12 weeks in addition to weekly group CBCST. Subjects were enrolled between October 1995 and December 2000 at an outpatient research clinic. RESULTS No significant differences were observed on the primary outcomes of time to first drinking day, time to first day of heavy drinking, or the percentage of participants who continued to meet the criteria for alcohol dependence. Secondary analyses revealed that naltrexone significantly delayed the time to the second (chi2=5.37, p=0.02) and third (chi2=4.35, p=0.04) drinking days among subjects who did not maintain abstinence from alcohol. Among those with eating disturbances, symptoms of eating pathology improved during treatment, but the effects did not differ according to medication condition. CONCLUSION When used in conjunction with CBCST, naltrexone did not significantly improve drinking outcomes in the overall sample of alcohol-dependent women. However, naltrexone may be of benefit to women who are unable to maintain total abstinence from alcohol. For women with concurrent eating pathology, participation in treatment for alcoholism may be associated with improvements in eating pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Slone LB, Norris FH, Gutiérrez Rodriguez F, Gutiérrez Rodriguez JDJ, Murphy AM, Perilla JL. Alcohol use and misuse in urban Mexican men and women: an epidemiologic perspective. Drug Alcohol Depend 2006; 85:163-70. [PMID: 16735099 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Consumption patterns and misuse of alcohol were examined in adults sampled from three cities in Mexico (n=1933). The sample was divided into groups of persons who abstained from alcohol, drank but endorsed no misuse, or drank and endorsed at least some misuse of alcohol. Half of the entire sample was categorized as drinkers (12 or more drinks in lifetime). Mexican men drank more per occasion and reported more problems with alcohol rather than did Mexican women. Low socioeconomic resources, not being married, and female gender were related to whether Mexicans abstained from alcohol rather than drank without misuse. Lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression increased the likelihood of misusing alcohol versus drinking without misuse, as did greater amount of drinks consumed per occasion and male gender. Younger age and not being married were also related to misuse, although this was true mostly for women. The number of traumatic experiences in childhood and lower socioeconomic resources also predicted misuse, although mostly for men. Specific traumatic experiences and their relationship to alcohol use and misuse were also examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Slone
- Dartmouth College, NCPTSD (116-D) VA Medical Center, 215N. Main Street, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yokota O, Tsuchiya K, Terada S, Oshima K, Ishizu H, Matsushita M, Kuroda S, Akiyama H. Frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration in Japan: a cross-sectional study of 1,509 postmortems. Acta Neuropathol 2006; 112:43-51. [PMID: 16622656 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration (ACD) is a pivotal neurological complication in alcoholics. However, although there are a few autopsy reports and some data on its frequency, it is considered very rare in Japan. The aims of this study were (1) to estimate the frequency of the disease in Japanese autopsy cases, and (2) to examine the clinicopathological features of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of ACD. We reviewed the records of 1,509 Japanese autopsies obtained from three autopsy series in Japan, and selected all 55 cases (3.6%) with alcoholism. On neuropathological reexamination, ACD was confirmed in six male alcoholics [0.4% of all subjects; 10.9% of all alcoholics; mean age at death 59.3+/-13.4 years (+/- SD)], including three asymptomatic cases. These frequencies were much lower than some previous Western findings, but more common than that has been expected in Japan. The frequencies of memory impairment and ataxia in ACD cases were significantly higher than those in alcoholics without any alcohol-related pathologies. In ACD cases, loss of Purkinje cells, narrowing of the width of the molecular layer, and tissue rarefaction in the granular layer were observed in the anterior and superior portions of the vermis of the cerebellum. In adjacent regions, the Purkinje cell and molecular layers were more mildly affected. The distribution of severely affected regions was more restricted in the asymptomatic cases than in the symptomatic cases. This study confirmed the frequency of asymptomatic cerebellar degeneration in alcoholics, suggesting that early intervention in alcoholism in the subclinical phase is important to prevent the development of cerebellar symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yokota
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hines LM, Tabakoff B. Platelet adenylyl cyclase activity: a biological marker for major depression and recent drug use. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58:955-62. [PMID: 16095566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenylyl cyclase (AC) is an enzyme that can regulate the physiologic effects of numerous drugs and hormones through the production of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Some studies suggest that certain measures of AC activity are lower among depressed subjects. We examined the relationship between various measures of AC activity and major depression, taking into account potential confounders, such as drug use and gender. METHODS We assessed the relationship between platelet levels of AC activity and lifetime diagnosis of major depression among 1481 participants (226 subjects with a history of major depression and 1255 control subjects) in an international, cross-sectional study initiated by the World Health Organization and the International Society on Biomedical Research on Alcoholism. RESULTS After accounting for recent drug use, subjects with a history of major depression had markedly lower mean levels for all measures of platelet AC activity compared with control subjects. The adjusted odds ratios for major depression comparing the bottom to the top quartile of AC activity were 2.69 for basal (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-5.56), 3.72 for cesium fluoride-stimulated (95% CI 1.54-8.98), 6.20 for forskolin-stimulated (95% CI 2.04-18.80), and 2.20 for Gpp(NH)p-stimulated (95% CI 1.03-4.70). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with major depression have lower platelet AC activity levels, and this relationship is dramatically attenuated by various types of drug use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Hines
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80045-0511, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wurst FM, Tabakoff B, Alling C, Aradottir S, Wiesbeck GA, Müller-Spahn F, Pragst F, Johnson B, Javors M, Ait-Daoud N, Skipper GE, Spies C, Nachbar Y, Lesch O, Ramskogler K, Hartmann S, Wolfersdorf M, Dresen S, Weinmann W, Hines L, Kaiser A, Lu RB, Ko HC, Huang SY, Wang TJ, Wu YS, Whitfield J, Snell LD, Wu C, Hoffman PL. World Health Organization/International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcohol Use and Dependence: Back to the Future. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005; 29:1268-75. [PMID: 16088983 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000171483.93724.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
27
|
Wurst FM, Wiesbeck GA, Metzger JW, Weinmann W. On Sensitivity, Specificity, and the Influence of Various Parameters on Ethyl Glucuronide Levels in Urine???Results From the WHO/ISBRA Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004; 28:1220-8. [PMID: 15318121 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000134230.21414.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a direct ethanol metabolite, seems to meet the need for a sensitive and specific marker for monitoring recent alcohol consumption in different settings. Our aim was to study sensitivity, specificity, and the influence of various parameters on EtG levels in urine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Urine samples for a total of 453 patients (373 male, 80 female) were statistically analyzed. The mean age was 37.1 years (median 36, SD 12.59), body mass index was 24.7, total ethanol consumed last month was 1817.66 g (each median), and 80 patients reported cannabis use within the last 30 days. Determination of EtG was performed with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with deuterium-labeled EtG as internal standard. RESULTS For EtG in urine, a good correlation was found with other state markers and days of sobriety. In a regression analysis, age, gender, marijuana use, kidney disease, and total grams of ethanol consumed last month were the variables that significantly influenced EtG levels in contrast to race, smoking, body mass index, cirrhosis of liver, age began drinking regularly, packs of cigarettes smoked last month, and total body water. Furthermore, in a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to distinguish between nondrinkers and individuals sober > 4 days versus individuals drinking in the recent 4 days, area under the curve was 0.834. At a cutoff of 0.145 mg/liter, sensitivity was 83.5% and specificity 68.3%. A receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated for lifetime alcohol abuse or dependence against those who had never been abusers or dependent. In this case, subjects were either never dependent or lifetime dependent, but those currently dependent were excluded. The resulting area under the curve was 0.694. At a cutoff of 0.145 mg/liter, sensitivity was 73.8% and specificity 60.3%. For those with a self-reported sobriety of less than 24 hr, the area under the curve was 0.899, sensitivity was 90.8%, and specificity was 76.5% at a cutoff of 0.435 mg/liter when we calculated nondrinkers and light drinkers against heavy drinkers and drinkers needing treatment. Cannabis-using patients showed significant differences with regard to almost all state markers when compared with nonconsuming subjects. CONCLUSIONS Age, gender, marijuana use, kidney disease, and total grams of ethanol consumed last month should be taken into consideration when interpreting results of EtG in urine. Sensitivity and specificity seem promising. Cannabis use can be regarded as an indicator for other serious mental problems in alcohol-using subjects.
Collapse
|
28
|
Martinez LD, Baron AE, Helander A, Conigrave KM, Tabakoff B. The Effect of Total Body Water on the Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
29
|
Hoffman PL, Glanz J, Tabakoff B. Platelet Adenylyl Cyclase Activity as a State or Trait Marker in Alcohol Dependence: Results of the WHO/ISBRA Study on State and Trait Markers of Alcohol Use and Dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|