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Wieckiewicz M, Martynowicz H, Wieczorek T, Wojakowska A, Sluzalec-Wieckiewicz K, Gac P, Poreba R, Mazur G, Winocur E, Smardz J. Consecutive Controlled Case Series on Effectiveness of Opipramol in Severe Sleep Bruxism Management-Preliminary Study on New Therapeutic Path. Brain Sci 2021; 11:146. [PMID: 33499332 PMCID: PMC7911172 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep bruxism (SB) management aims to reduce the number and magnitude of bruxism episodes per hour of a patient's sleep and, therefore, reduce the potentially negative clinical consequences. Opipramol belongs to the group of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and is considered as an atypical TCA, as it acts primarily as a sigma receptor agonist. This study aimed to preliminarily determine the effectiveness of opipramol in the management of severe SB. METHODS A total of 19 otherwise healthy participants with severe SB diagnosed during stage I video polysomnography (vPSG) were subjected to an 8-week pharmacotherapy trial with a 100 mg bedtime daily dose of opipramol and were then analyzed by control stage II vPSG. RESULTS The participants included 14 females and 5 males, aged 20-47 years (mean ± standard deviation: 32.32 ± 8.12). A comparison of stage I and II vPSG recordings showed a decrease in all the studied SB parameters in 78.85% of participants. Only in a small group of participants (15.53%) was a non-significant increase of SB parameters observed. CONCLUSIONS A single 100 mg dose of opipramol at bedtime seems to positively affect the reduction of SB in otherwise healthy individuals diagnosed with severe SB. However, the subject requires further research on a larger population including a control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.M.); (A.W.); (R.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Tomasz Wieczorek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.M.); (A.W.); (R.P.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Pawel Gac
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Rafal Poreba
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.M.); (A.W.); (R.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.M.); (A.W.); (R.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Efraim Winocur
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel;
| | - Joanna Smardz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Goldstein G, DeSantis L, Goodacre C. Bruxism: Best Evidence Consensus Statement. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:91-101. [PMID: 33331675 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this Best Evidence Consensus Statement is to report on the prevalence, potential causes or association, treatment and cure of bruxism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search limited to Clinical Trials, Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, with the key words bruxism, and prevalence identified 22 references, bruxism and causation 21, bruxism, and treatment 117, and bruxism and cure none. RESULTS Prevalence received 5 references which were relevant to the question researched. Causation received 11 relevant references, treatment 34 relevant references and cure none. Eighteen additional references were culled from the reference lists in the aforementioned articles. CONCLUSIONS Due to variations in demographics and the dependence on anamnestic data, the true prevalence of bruxism in any specific population is unknown. There is moderate evidence that psychosocial factors such as stress, mood, distress, nervousness, and feeling blue are associated with sleep bruxism (SB) as well as caffeine, alcohol, and smoking. There is no consensus on what symptoms of SB or awake bruxism (AB) should be treated. There is some evidence that occlusal devices and bio feedback therapies can be utilized in SB treatment. There is conflicting evidence in the use of Botulinum toxin A and no compelling evidence for the use of drug therapy to treat SB. There is not an established cure for bruxism. The clinician is best served in using caution in the dental rehabilitation of patients with severe occlusal wear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charles Goodacre
- Advanced Education Program in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA
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Origanum majorana Essential Oil Inhalation during Neurofeedback Training Reduces Saliva Myeloperoxidase Activity at Session-1 in Bruxistic Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020158. [PMID: 30709023 PMCID: PMC6406666 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bruxism affects teeth and provokes sleep alterations. We evaluated whether saliva Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity could be reduced after 21 neurofeedback training (NO) sessions in Origanum majorana (AE) bruxistic-treated patients (n = 12 patients, 120 saliva samples). The term divergence evaluates cerebral activity, which was compared between bruxistic patients with/without this essential oil exposure during 21 NO training sessions (n = 12, n = 120 saliva samples). The nasal filter used allow us to vehiculizate this Origanum majorana essential oil in patients. MPO activity was measured in six training NO sessions (Session S1, 6, 12, 18, 21). We included a total of 104 patients and 500 saliva samples. Results: there was a fast reduction in MPO activity after NO session-1 in bruxistic patients; divergence (an index of NO training brain efficacy) is the difference in cerebral activity found between pre-training and post-training levels. Thus, Divergence can fluctuate during NO training before reaching a final calm state after many sessions (21). Repeated NO training lead to habituation in so far as cerebral activity as well as MPO activity after 21 training sessions. Origanum majorana essential oil modulates cerebral activity at certain training sessions in bruxistic patients. Stress levels were reduced on the perceived stress scores (PSS: Cohen Scale) after 21 NO sessions than for those bruxistic without NO training sessions. Conclusions: MPO activity could predict stress level in bruxistic patients and repeated NO reduced their stress level; Origanum majorana essential oil enhanced these anxiolytic effects.
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Ommerborn MA, Depprich RA, Schneider C, Giraki M, Franz M, Raab WHM, Schäfer R. Pain perception and functional/occlusal parameters in sleep bruxism subjects following a therapeutic intervention. Head Face Med 2019; 15:4. [PMID: 30696443 PMCID: PMC6350301 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-019-0188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to assess the individual pain perception in sleep bruxism (SB) subjects. Moreover, the effects of a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) compared to an occlusal appliance (OA) on pain perception and a possible continuative impact on several functional parameters were investigated. Methods A total of 57 SB subjects participated in this investigation. The diagnosis of SB was based on the clinical criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Twenty-eight SB subjects were randomly allocated to the CBT group and 29 to the OA group. The therapeutic intervention took place over a period of 12 weeks, whereby both groups were examined at baseline, immediately after termination of the intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up for pain perception and functional parameters. At each of the three measurement periods, participants completed the pain perception scale and ten functional/occlusal parameters were recorded. Results Of the 12 parameters recorded, statistically significant main effects were found for the affective pain perception (p < 0.05) and for the three functional variables. Interestingly, the values obtained for the affective pain perception were considerably below that of a reference group. Apart from the determined statistically significant results, the values recorded for all functional/occlusal variables as well as those obtained for the sensory pain perception were clearly located within normative ranges. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, it might be concluded that the significantly reduced affective pain perception in SB subjects is the expression of an adaptation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Alicia Ommerborn
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontics, and Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Rita Antonia Depprich
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Schneider
- Clinical Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Giraki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontics, and Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Franz
- Clinical Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hans-Michael Raab
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontics, and Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Schäfer
- Clinical Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Alajbeg IZ, Boric Brakus R, Brakus I. Comparison of amitriptyline with stabilization splint and placebo in chronic TMD patients: a pilot study. Acta Stomatol Croat 2018; 52:114-122. [PMID: 30034010 PMCID: PMC6047595 DOI: 10.15644/asc52/2/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective of work The authors conducted a clinical study to evaluate the effectiveness of amitriptyline in treatment of chronic TMD patients and to compare treatment results with stabilization splint. Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients with chronic TMD were included and randomly distributed into 3 groups: patients in Group A received amitriptyline, patients in Group B received placebo, and those in Group C were treated with stabilization splint. Treatment outcomes (pain assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS), maximal comfortable mouth opening (MCO) and oral health related quality of life (OHIP-14)) were taken at baseline (before treatment), and at 1st, 6th and 12th week of treatment. Results No statistically significant differences between the groups at baseline were found (p>0.05). VAS scores improved significantly in Group A (F=11.326, p=0.002, effect size =0.791) and in group C (F=7.343, p=0.005, effect size=0.647). Mean OHIP-14 scores decreased significantly only in Group A (F=4.417, p=0.036, effect size =0.596). In Group B, VAS and OHIP-14 scores did not change significantly over time. Subjects in Group C had a significant change in MCO relative to Group A and Group B. Conclusion From this pilot study it can be concluded that the use of low doses of amitriptyline for a period of 12 weeks is effective for pain management and quality of life improvement in chronic TMD patients. Stabilization splint demonstrated superiority in the management of limited mouth opening during the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Z Alajbeg
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Brakus
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine Split, University of Split, Croatia
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Lino PA, Martins CC, Miranda G, de Souza E Silva ME, de Abreu M. Use of antidepressants in dentistry: A systematic review. Oral Dis 2017; 24:1168-1184. [PMID: 28836365 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has suggested that antidepressants can be used in oral health care. The aim of this systematic review was to search for scientific evidence of the efficacy of the use of antidepressants in dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical question was as follows (PICO question): dentistry patients (Patients); antidepressants (Intervention); no use or placebo or other drug (Comparison); and efficacy in oral health problems (Outcome). An electronic search was conducted in seven databases, as well as a manual search without restriction regarding language and date of publication. Two independent reviewers selected studies based on eligibility criteria, extracted data and assessed methodological quality based on the PEDro scale. The PROSPERO record is number CRD42016037442. RESULTS A total of 15 randomized controlled trials were associated with the use of antidepressants to control chronic or acute pain in dentistry, among other conditions such as bruxism and burning mouth syndrome. The most commonly used drug in clinical trials was amitriptyline (more than 50% of studies). CONCLUSIONS Antidepressants may be effective in dentistry for acute and chronic pain, but there is a large amount of methodological heterogeneity among the evaluated studies. In summary, there is rationality for the indication of this class of medicine in dentistry in specific clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Lino
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - C C Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gfpc Miranda
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M E de Souza E Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mhng de Abreu
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a broad pain disorder that refers to several conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint of the jaw and the muscles of mastication. As with most pain disorders, a high prevalence of depression and anxiety is associated with TMD. Research has shown that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the first-line drug therapy for major depressive disorder, may not be suitable for TMD patients because SSRIs can induce teeth-grinding, otherwise known as bruxism. This is problematic because bruxism is believed to further exacerbate TMD. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to better understand the mechanism of SSRI-induced bruxism, as well as discuss alternative antidepressant options for treating depression and anxiety in patients with bruxism and TMD. Alternative classes of antidepressants reviewed include serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Findings indicate that dopamine agonists and buspirone are currently the most effective medications to treat the side effects of SSRI-induced bruxism, but results regarding the effectiveness of specific antidepressants that avoid bruxism altogether remain inconclusive.
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Bortoletto CC, Cordeiro da Silva F, Salgueiro MDCC, Motta LJ, Curiki LM, Mesquita-Ferarri RA, Fernandes KPS, Bussadori SK. Evaluation of electromyographic signals in children with bruxism before and after therapy with Melissa Officinalis L-a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:738-42. [PMID: 27134350 PMCID: PMC4842431 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Bruxism is a repetitive muscle activity involving the clenching or grinding of
one’s teeth during sleep or waking hours. Melissa officinalis L. may be
employed as a natural therapy due to the sedative, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and
anti-spasm properties of the chemical constituents of the essential oil obtained from its
leaves. The aim of the present study was to evaluate electromyographic signals in the
temporal muscle using the BiteStrip® test on children with sleep bruxism before
and after therapy with Melissa officinalis L. [Subjects and Methods] The
subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. Group 1 (n = 12) ingested a tincture
containing Melissa officinalis L. for 30 days. Group 2 (n = 12) received
a placebo solution with the same dose and frequency as Group 1. The Wilcoxon and
Mann-Whitney tests were employed for statistical analysis. [Results] The sample was made
up of 24 children aged 6 to 10 years. No statistically significant differences were found
between initial and final muscle activity in either group or in an intergroup comparison.
[Conclusion] Use of the Melissa officinalis L. tincture at the dose
employed did not lead to a reduction in muscle activity in children with bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferarri
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences and Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Brazil
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences and Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences and Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the pathophysiology of bruxism is not clearly understood, there exists no possible treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the cerebral activation differences between healthy subjects and patients with bruxism on behalf of possible aetiological factors. METHODS 12 healthy subjects and 12 patients with bruxism, a total of 24 right-handed female subjects (aged 20-27 years) were examined using functional MRI during tooth-clenching and resting tasks. Imaging was performed with 3.0-T MRI scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Differences in regional brain activity between patients with bruxism and healthy subjects (control group) were observed with BrainVoyager QX 2.8 (Brain Innovation, Maastricht, Netherlands) statistical data analysis program. Activation maps were created using the general linear model: single study and multistudy multisubject for statistical group analysis. This protocol was approved by the ethics committee of medical faculty of Kirikkale University, Turkey (02/04), based on the guidelines set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. RESULTS The group analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in blood oxygenation level-dependent signal of three clusters in the control group (p<0.005), which may indicate brain regions related with somatognosis, repetitive passive motion, proprioception and tactile perception. These areas coincide with Brodmann areas 7, 31, 39 and 40. It is conceivable that there are differences between healthy subjects and patients with bruxism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that there was a decrease of cortical activation pattern in patients with bruxism in clenching tasks. This indicates decreased blood flow and activation in regional neuronal activity. Bruxism, as an oral motor disorder concerns dentistry, neurology and psychiatry. These results might improve the understanding and physiological handling of sleep bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yılmaz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep bruxism is an oral activity characterized by involuntary teeth grinding or clenching during sleep. Several forms of treatment have been proposed for this disorder, including behavioural, dental and pharmacological strategies. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological therapy for the treatment of sleep bruxism compared with other drugs, no treatment or placebo. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 8, 2014), MEDLINE (1966 to August 2014), EMBASE (1980 to August 2013) and LILACS (1982 to August 2014). We identified additional reports from the reference lists of retrieved reports and from reviews on treatment of sleep bruxism. We applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs that compared drugs with other drugs, no treatment or placebo in people with sleep bruxism. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Review authors carried out data extraction and quality assessment of the included trials independently and in duplicate. We discussed discrepancies until we reached consensus. We consulted a third review author in cases of persistent disagreement. We contacted authors of primary studies when necessary. MAIN RESULTS We identified 18 potentially relevant RCTs, but only seven met the inclusion criteria. All studies had a small number of participants, ranging from seven to 16 people per study and had a cross-over design. Three studies were of low risk of bias, while four were of uncertain risk. Amitriptyline (three studies), bromocriptine (one study), clonidine (one study), propranolol (one study), levodopa (Prolopa®) (one study) and tryptophan (one study) were compared with placebo. Studies evaluating bromocriptine, clonidine, propranolol and levodopa reported our primary outcome of indices of bruxism motor activity.Results were imprecise and consistent with benefit, no difference or harm. These were the specific findings for each of the drugs according to specific outcomes: 1. Amitriptyline versus placebo for masseteric electromyography (EMG) activity per minute: standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.91 to 0.34; P value = 0.37), 2. bromocriptine versus placebo for bruxism episodes per hour: mean difference (MD) 0.60 (95% CI -2.93 to 4.13), bruxism bursts per hour: MD -2.00 (95% CI -53.47 to 49.47), bruxism bursts per episode: MD 0.50 (95% CI -1.85 to 2.85) or number of episodes with grinding noise: MD 2.40 (95% CI -24.00 to 28.80), 3. clonidine versus placebo for number of bruxism episodes per hour: MD -2.41 (95% CI -4.84 to 0.02), 4. propranolol versus placebo for the number of bruxism episodes per hour: MD 1.16 (95% CI -1.89 to 4.21), 5. L-tryptophan versus placebo for masseteric EMG activity per second: SMD 0.08 (95% CI -0.90 to 1.06) and 6. levodopa versus placebo for bruxism episodes per hour of sleep: MD -1.47 (95% CI -3.64 to 0.70), for bruxism bursts per episode: MD 0.06 (95% CI -2.47 to 2.59).We combined several secondary outcomes (sleep duration, masseteric EMG activity per minute and pain intensity) in a meta-analysis for comparison of amitriptyline with placebo. The results for most comparisons were uncertain because of statistical imprecision. One study reported that clonidine reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage and increased the second stage of sleep. However, results for other sleep-related outcomes with clonidine were uncertain. Adverse effects were frequent in people who took amitriptyline (5/10 had drowsiness, difficulty awakening in the morning, insomnia or xerostomia compared with 0/10 in the placebo group), as well as in people who received propranolol (7/16 had moderate-to-severe xerostomia compare with 2/16 in the placebo group). Clonidine was associated with prolonged morning hypotension in three of 16 participants. The use of preventive medication avoided any adverse effects in people treated with levodopa and bromocriptine. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There was insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of sleep bruxism. This systematic review points to the need for more, well-designed, RCTs with larger sample sizes and adequate methods of allocation, outcome assessment and duration of follow-up. Ideally, parallel RCTs should be used in future studies to avoid the bias associated with cross-over studies. There is a need to standardize the outcomes of RCTs on treatments for sleep bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane R Macedo
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeBrazilian Cochrane CentreRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSPBrazilCEP 04038‐000
| | - Elizeu C Macedo
- Mackenzie Presbyterian UniversityCognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders ProgramSão PauloBrazil
| | - Maria R Torloni
- Centro de Estudos de Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em SaúdeBrazilian Cochrane CentreRua Borges Lagoa, 564 cj 63São PauloSPBrazilCEP 04038‐000
| | - Ademir B Silva
- Universidade Federal de São PauloNeurology, Neurosurgery and NeuroscienceRua Pedro de Toledo980 conj. 82São PauloSão PauloBrazil04039‐002
| | - Gilmar F Prado
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São PauloDepartment of NeurologySão PauloSão PauloBrazil
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Martin W, Perez R, Tuinzing D, Forouzanfar T. Efficacy of antidepressants on orofacial pain: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:1532-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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SVENSSON P, JADIDI F, ARIMA T, BAAD-HANSEN L, SESSLE BJ. Relationships between craniofacial pain and bruxism. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35:524-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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