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Lund N, Wieboldt H, Fischer L, Muschol N, Braun F, Huber T, Sorriento D, Iaccarino G, Müllerleile K, Tahir E, Adam G, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Patten M. Overexpression of VEGFα as a biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in aortic tissue of α-GAL-Tg/KO mice and its upregulation in the serum of patients with Fabry's disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1355033. [PMID: 38374995 PMCID: PMC10875336 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1355033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fabry's disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by reduced activity of α-galactosidase A (GAL), leading to premature death on account of renal, cardiac, and vascular organ failure. Accumulation of the GAL substrate globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in endothelial and smooth muscle cells is associated with early vascular cell damage, suggesting endothelial dysfunction as a driver of cardiorenal organ failure. Here, we studied the vascular expression of the key angiogenic factors, VEGFα and its antagonist angiostatin, in Fabry α-GAL-Tg/KO mice and determined circulating VEGFα and angiostatin serum levels in patients with Fabry's disease and healthy controls. Methods Cryopreserved aortic vessels from six α-GAL-Tg/KO and six wild-type (WT) mice were obtained and VEGFα and angiostatin levels were determined by performing Western blot analysis. VEGFα expression was visualized by an immunohistochemical staining of paraffin aortic rings. In addition, VEGFα and angiostatin serum levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 48 patients with genetically verified Fabry's disease (50% male) and 22 healthy controls and correlated with disease severity markers such as lyso-Gb3, albuminuria, NTproBNP, high-sensitive troponin T (hsTNT), and myocardial wall thickness. Results It was found that there was a significant increase in VEGFα protein expression (1.66 ± 0.35 vs. 0.62 ± 0.16, p = 0.0009) and a decrease in angiostatin expression (0.024 ± 0.007 vs. 0.053 ± 0.02, p = 0.038) in aortic lysates from α-GAL-Tg/KO compared with that from WT mice. Immunohistochemical staining revealed an adventitial VEGFα signal in α-GAL-Tg/KO mice, whereas no VEGFα signal could be detected in WT mice aortas. No differences in aortic angiostatin expression between α-GAL-Tg/KO- and WT mice could be visualized. The serum levels of VEGFα were significantly upregulated in patients with Fabry's disease compared with that in healthy controls (708.5 ± 426.3 vs. 458.5 ± 181.5 pg/ml, p = 0.048) and positively associated with albuminuria (r = 0.82, p < 0.0001) and elevated NTproBNP (r = 0.87, p < 0.0001) and hsTNT values (r = 0.41, p = 0.048) in male patients with Fabry's disease. For angiostatin, no significant difference was found between patients with Fabry's disease and healthy controls (747.6 ± 390.3 vs. 858.8 ± 599.3 pg/ml). Discussion In conclusion, an overexpression of VEGFα and downregulation of its counter player angiostatin in aortic tissue of α-GAL-Tg/KO mice support the hypothesis of an underlying vasculopathy in Fabry's disease. Elevated VEGFα serum levels were also observed in patients with Fabry's disease and were positively associated with elevated markers of organ manifestation in males. These findings suggest that angiogenetic markers, such as VEGFα, may be potentially useful biomarkers for the detection of endothelial dysfunction in classical Fabry's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Lund
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Wieboldt
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N. Muschol
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions of the Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Iaccarino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions of the Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - K. Müllerleile
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E. Tahir
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Fabritz
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Patten
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Napolitano F, Montuori N. Role of Plasminogen Activation System in Platelet Pathophysiology: Emerging Concepts for Translational Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116065. [PMID: 35682744 PMCID: PMC9181697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, platelets have been exclusively considered for their procoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects during normal activation of hemostasis. Effectively, activated platelets secrete coagulation factors, expose phosphatidylserine, and promote thrombin and fibrin production. In addition to procoagulant activities, platelets confer resistance of thrombi to fibrinolysis by inducing clot retraction of the fibrin network and release of huge amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which is the major physiologic inhibitor of the fibrinolytic cascade. However, the discovery of multiple relations with the fibrinolytic system, also termed Plasminogen Activation System (PAS), has introduced new perspectives on the platelet role in fibrinolysis. Indeed, the activated membrane surface of platelets provides binding sites on which fibrinolytic enzymes can be activated. This review discusses the evidence of the profibrinolytic properties of platelets through the description of PAS components and related proteins that are contained in or bind to platelets. Our analyses of literature data lead to the conclusion that in the initial phase of the hemostatic process, antifibrinolytic effects prevail over profibrinolytic activity, but at later stages, platelets might enhance fibrinolysis through the engagement of PAS components. A better understanding of spatial and temporal characteristics of platelet-mediated fibrinolysis during normal hemostasis could improve therapeutic options for bleeding and thrombotic disorders.
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Tykhomyrov AA, Zhernosekov DD, Grinenko TV. Plasminogen modulates formation and release of platelet angiogenic regulators. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Kanno Y. The Role of Fibrinolytic Regulators in Vascular Dysfunction of Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030619. [PMID: 30709025 PMCID: PMC6387418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease of autoimmune origin characterized by vascular dysfunction and extensive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Vascular dysfunction is caused by endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis, defective angiogenesis, defective vasculogenesis, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), and coagulation abnormalities, and exacerbates the disease. Fibrinolytic regulators, such as plasminogen (Plg), plasmin, α2-antiplasmin (α2AP), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and angiostatin, are considered to play an important role in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis, and are associated with the endothelial dysfunction of SSc. This review considers the roles of fibrinolytic factors in vascular dysfunction of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kanno
- Department of Clinical Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Kodo Kyo-tanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan.
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Radziwon-Balicka A, Lesyk G, Back V, Fong T, Loredo-Calderon EL, Dong B, El-Sikhry H, El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi A, Ogg S, Siraki A, Seubert JM, Santos-Martinez MJ, Radomski MW, Velazquez-Martinez CA, Winship IR, Jurasz P. Differential eNOS-signalling by platelet subpopulations regulates adhesion and aggregation. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1719-1731. [PMID: 29016749 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In addition to maintaining haemostasis, circulating blood platelets are the cellular culprits that form occlusive thrombi in arteries and veins. Compared to blood leucocytes, which exist as functionally distinct subtypes, platelets are considered to be relatively simple cell fragments that form vascular system plugs without a differentially regulated cellular response. Hence, investigation into platelet subpopulations with distinct functional roles in haemostasis/thrombosis has been limited. In our present study, we investigated whether functionally distinct platelet subpopulations exist based on their ability to generate and respond to nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous platelet inhibitor. Methods and results Utilizing highly sensitive and selective flow cytometry protocols, we demonstrate that human platelet subpopulations exist based on the presence and absence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Platelets lacking eNOS (approximately 20% of total platelets) fail to produce NO and have a down-regulated soluble guanylate cyclase-protein kinase G (sGC-PKG)-signalling pathway. In flow chamber and aggregation experiments eNOS-negative platelets primarily initiate adhesion to collagen, more readily activate integrin αIIbβ3 and secrete matrix metalloproteinase-2, and form larger aggregates than their eNOS-positive counterparts. Conversely, platelets having an intact eNOS-sGC-PKG-signalling pathway (approximately 80% of total platelets) form the bulk of an aggregate via increased thromboxane synthesis and ultimately limit its size via NO generation. Conclusion These findings reveal previously unrecognized characteristics and complexity of platelets and their regulation of adhesion/aggregation. The identification of platelet subpopulations also has potentially important consequences to human health and disease as impaired platelet NO-signalling has been identified in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Radziwon-Balicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Gabriela Lesyk
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Valentina Back
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Teresa Fong
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Erica L Loredo-Calderon
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Bin Dong
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2R3, Canada
| | - Haitham El-Sikhry
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Ayman El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Stephen Ogg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - Arno Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB T6G-2H7, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2S2, Canada.,Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G-2R7
| | | | - Marek W Radomski
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N-5E5, Canada
| | | | - Ian R Winship
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2R3, Canada
| | - Paul Jurasz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2E1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB T6G-2H7, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G-2S2, Canada.,Mazankowski Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G-2R7
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Abstract
There has been remarkable insight into the importance of platelets in a wide range of pathophysiologic events, including inflammation and cancer progression. Thrombocytosis in cancer patients is a common finding. Tumor cells induce platelet activation and subsequent aggregation through direct and indirect mechanisms. Platelets are recognized to contribute to metastatic dissemination. There is plenty of evidence that components of the hemostatic system contribute to the process of angiogenesis. Furthermore, there are accumulated data on the substantial influence of blood platelets in the process of blood vessel formation during malignancy. Platelets appear to be the main physiologic transporters of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Moreover, they influence the process of angiogenesis through platelet-derived microparticles, microRNA, lipids, and variety of surface receptors. Platelets contribute to early and late stages of angiogenesis. Available data support the overall stimulatory effect of platelets on tumor angiogenesis. It raises the possibility that interfering with platelet function may be an effective antineoplastic treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-027, Bialystok, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sierko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-027, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Hempel
- Department of Oncology, Medical University, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-027, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stephanie C Tucker
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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Wu P, Li L, Wang H, Ma T, Wu H, Fan X, Yang Z, Chen D, Wang L. Role of Angiogenesis in Chronic Radiation Proctitis: New Evidence Favoring Inhibition of Angiogenesis Ex Vivo. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:113-125. [PMID: 29080145 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP), a common complication after radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies, compromises patient quality of life. Vascular damage and aberrant angiogenesis in the mucosal layer are essential histological features, but changes to the submucosal layer are unclear. Thus, we evaluated the histological characteristics and distribution changes of key angiogenic factors in full-layered human CRP samples. METHODS Thirty paraffin-embedded CRP and twenty-nine non-CRP tissues were used to evaluate histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD34 antibody was performed to calculate microvascular density (MVD). Frozen tissues from eight CRP patients and five non-CRP controls were collected and analyzed by antibody array, which contained sixty human angiogenesis-related factors. Quality controls with positive and negative controls were performed during antibody array analysis. Two differentially expressed factors were confirmed by ELISA. RESULTS CRP lesions showed vasculopathy, fibrosis, mucosal ulceration, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Human angiogenesis antibody array and ELISA confirmed the increased angiostatin in CRP lesions. Immunohistochemical staining showed dispersed distribution of angiostatin throughout the mucosal and submucosal layers in CRP lesions, while angiostatin accumulated within the vessel lumens in non-CRP tissues. MVD significantly decreased in the submucosal layer of CRP, suggesting a potential association with increased angiostatin. CONCLUSIONS Angiostatin increased and had a distinct distribution in CRP lesions. Compensatory telangiectasia in the mucosa, vessel stenosis, and reduced MVD might attenuate blood flow in the submucosa and contribute to CRP progression. Restoration of vascular functionality by promoting angiogenesis in the submucosal layer may help alleviate CRP in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihuang Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjuan Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Aulakh GK. Neutrophils in the lung: “the first responders”. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:577-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mumford AD, Frelinger III AL, Gachet C, Gresele P, Noris P, Harrison P, Mezzano D. A review of platelet secretion assays for the diagnosis of inherited platelet secretion disorders. Thromb Haemost 2017; 114:14-25. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SummaryMeasurement of platelet granule release to detect inherited platelet secretion disorders (IPSDs) is essential for the evaluation of patients with abnormal bleeding and is necessary to distinguish which granule sub-types are affected and whether there is abnormal granule bio-synthesis or secretion. The radioactive serotonin incorporation and release assay, described before 1970, is still considered the “gold standard” test to assess platelet δ-granule release, although is unsuitable for clinical diagnostic laboratories. Luciferin-based assays, such as lumiaggregometry, are the most widely performed alternatives, although these methods do not distinguish defects in δ-granule biosyn-thesis from defects in secretion. Platelet α-granule release is commonly evaluated using flow cytometry by measuring surface exposure of P-selectin after platelet activation. However, this assay has poor sensitivity for some α-granule disorders. Only few studies have been published with more recently developed assays and no critical reviews on these methods are available. In this review, we describe the rationale for developing robust and accurate laboratory tests of platelet granule release and describe the characteristics of the currently available tests. We identify an unmet need for further systematic evaluation of new assays and for standardisation of methodologies for clinical diagnostic laboratories.
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Tykhomyrov AA, Nedzvetsky VS, Bardachenko NI, Grinenko TV, Kuryata OV. Statin treatment decreases serum angiostatin levels in patients with ischemic heart disease. Life Sci 2015; 134:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tykhomyrov AA. Dynamics of thrombin-induced exposition of actin on the platelet surface. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2015; 86:74-81. [PMID: 25816590 DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play the key role in thrombosis and are also involved in angiogenesis as well as immune and reparative responses. In the function cascade, platelets undergo a complex cell processing, and subcellular fragments, not detectable in the resting state, are exposed on platelet surface after stimulation with agonists. This study has been performed to evaluate dynamic characteristics of actin exposition on the surface of plasma membrane of thrombin-activated platelets. Using flow-cytometric assay, it has been observed that the level of actin presented on activated platelets directly depends on agonist concentration. In the case of platelet stimulation with thrombin in the highest concentration (1.0 U/ml) taken for this study, the level of actin exposed on activated platelets was up to 4.4 times higher as compared with resting cells. Confirmation of the flow cytometry data for cell-surface actin on thrombin-activated platelets was achieved by direct visualization using a confocal laser scanning microscopy. Period of actin exposition appeared to be longer than the time phase corresponding to platelet secretion stage. Functional role of platelet surface actin has required further detailed studying, however, it is thought that superficial actin could interact with various blood plasma proteins, including plasminogen and its activators, serving as a binding site and/or center for their pericellular processing.
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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. [Role of angiostatins in diabetic complications]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:41-56. [PMID: 25762598 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesis is regulated by a number of factors of peptide nature. Disbalance of angiogenic system appears to be the major causative factor contributing vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus, resulting in various complications. Angiostatins, which are kringle-containing fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, are known to be powerful physiological inhibitors of neovascularization. In the present review, current literature data on peculiarities of production of angiostatins and their functioning at diabetes mellitus are summarized and analyzed for the first time. Also, role of angiostatins in the pathogenesis of typical diabetic complications, including retinopathies, nephropathies and cardiovascular diseases, is discussed. Data presented in this review may be useful for elaboration of novel effective approaches for diagnostics and therapy of vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus.
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Etulain J, Schattner M. Glycobiology of platelet-endothelial cell interactions. Glycobiology 2014; 24:1252-9. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. The role of angiostatins in diabetic complications. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yan M, Lesyk G, Radziwon-Balicka A, Jurasz P. Pharmacological regulation of platelet factors that influence tumor angiogenesis. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:370-7. [PMID: 25023352 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In addition to maintaining hemostasis, platelets play an important pathological role driving tumor growth and metastasis. One mechanism by which platelets contribute to tumor growth and metastasis is their potent promotion of angiogenesis. This is accomplished in large part by the numerous factors stored, generated, and released by platelets that have the potential to influence every stage of angiogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the many platelet-secreted pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. We examine the basic science and clinical evidence supporting their contributions to tumor angiogenesis. Finally, we review the pharmacological regulation of their release from platelets and discuss the potential of anti-platelet drugs as adjuvant anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengJie Yan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gabriela Lesyk
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aneta Radziwon-Balicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Jurasz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Angiostatin inhibits activation and migration of neutrophils. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:375-96. [PMID: 24297047 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need to identify molecules that modulate the biology of neutrophils because activated neutrophils, though necessary for host defense, cause exuberant tissue damage through production of reactive oxygen species and increased lifespan. Angiostatin, an endogenous anti-angiogenic cleavage product of plasminogen, binds to integrin αvβ3, ATP synthase and angiomotin and its expression is increased in inflammatory conditions. We test the hypothesis that angiostatin inhibits neutrophil activation, induces apoptosis and blocks recruitment in vivo and in vitro. The data show immuno-reactivity for plasminogen/angiostatin in resting neutrophils. Angiostatin conjugated to FITC revealed that angiostatin was endocytozed by activated mouse and human neutrophils in a lipid raft-dependent fashion. Co-immunoprecipitation of human neutrophil lysates, confocal microscopy of isolated mouse and human neutrophils and functional blocking experiments showed that angiostatin complexes with flotillin-1 along with integrin αvβ3 and ATP synthase. Angiostatin inhibited fMLP-induced neutrophil polarization, as well as caused inhibition of hsp-27 phosphorylation and stabilization of microtubules. Angiostatin treatment, before or after LPS-induced neutrophil activation, inhibited phosphorylation of p38 and p44/42 MAPKs, abolished reactive oxygen species production and released the neutrophils from suppressed apoptosis, as indicated by expression of activated caspase-3 and morphological evidence of apoptosis. Finally, intravital microscopy and myeloperoxidase assay showed inhibition of neutrophil recruitment in post-capillary venules of TNFα-treated cremaster muscle in mouse. These in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate angiostatin as a broad deactivator and silencer of neutrophils and an inhibitor of their migration. These data potentially open new avenues for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Aulakh GK, Suri SS, Singh B. Angiostatin inhibits acute lung injury in a mouse model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L58-68. [PMID: 24213918 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00368.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury is marked by profound influx of activated neutrophils, which have delayed apoptosis, along with fluid accumulation that impairs lung function and causes high mortality. Inflammatory and antimicrobial molecules, such as reactive oxygen species from activated neutrophils with prolonged lifespan, cause tissue damage and contribute to lung dysfunction. Angiostatin, an endogenous antiangiogenic molecule, is expressed in the lavage fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and modifies neutrophil infiltration in a mouse model of peritonitis. Our aim was to investigate the therapeutic role of angiostatin in acute lung injury. We analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissues from C57BL/6 mouse model of Escherichia coli LPS-induced acute lung injury to assess the effects of angiostatin treatment. Subcutaneous angiostatin administered at 5 h after LPS treatment reduces histological signs of inflammation, protein accumulation, lung Gr1+ neutrophils, myeloperoxidase activity, and expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK in lung tissues and peripheral blood neutrophils, while increasing the number of apoptotic cells in the lungs without affecting the levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α, IL-1β, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in lavage and lung homogenates at 9 and 24 h after LPS treatment. In contrast, angiostatin administered intravenously 5 h after LPS treatment did not reduce histological sign of inflammation, BAL cell recruitment, and protein concentration at 9 h of LPS treatment. We conclude that angiostatin administered subcutaneously after LPS challenge inhibits acute lung inflammation up to 24 h after LPS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet K Aulakh
- 52 Campus Dr., Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5B4, Canada.
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Proangiogenic microtemplated fibrin scaffolds containing aprotinin promote improved wound healing responses. Angiogenesis 2013; 17:195-205. [PMID: 24127199 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Survival of tissue engineered constructs after implantation depends heavily on induction of a vascular response in host tissue, promoting a quick anastomosis of the cellular graft. Additionally, implanted constructs typically induce fibrous capsule formation, effectively preventing graft integration with host tissue. Previously we described the development of a high density microtemplated fibrin scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering applications with tunable degradation and mechanical properties which promoted seeded cell survival and organization in vitro (Thomson et al., Tissue Eng Part A, 2013). Scaffold degradation in vitro was controllable by addition of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin and/or the fibrin cross-linker Factor XIII (FXIII). The goal of this study was to assess host tissue responses to these fibrin scaffold formulations by determining effects on scaffold degradation, angiogenic responses, and fibrous capsule formation in a subcutaneous implant model. Aprotinin significantly decreased scaffold degradation over 2 weeks of implantation. A significant increase in capillary infiltration of aprotinin implants was found after 1 and 2 weeks, with a significantly greater amount of capillaries reaching the interior of aprotinin scaffolds. Interestingly, after 2 weeks the aprotinin scaffolds had a significantly thinner, yet apparently more cellular fibrous capsule than unmodified scaffolds. These results indicate aprotinin not only inhibits fibrin scaffold degradation, but also induces significant responses in the host tissue. These included an angiogenic response resulting in increased vascularization of the scaffold material over a relatively short period of time. In addition, aprotinin release from scaffolds may reduce fibrous capsule formation, which could help promote improved integration of cell-seeded scaffolds with host tissue.
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Radziwon-Balicka A, Moncada de la Rosa C, Zielnik B, Doroszko A, Jurasz P. Temporal and pharmacological characterization of angiostatin release and generation by human platelets: implications for endothelial cell migration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59281. [PMID: 23555012 PMCID: PMC3598756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important role in thrombosis and in neo-vascularisation as they release and produce factors that both promote and suppress angiogenesis. Amongst these factors is the angiogenesis inhibitor angiostatin, which is released during thrombus formation. The impact of anti-thrombotic agents and the kinetics of platelet angiostatin release are unknown. Hence, our objectives were to characterize platelet angiostatin release temporally and pharmacologically and to determine how angiostatin release influences endothelial cell migration, an early stage of angiogenesis. We hypothesized anti-platelet agents would suppress angiostatin release but not generation by platelets. Human platelets were aggregated and temporal angiostatin release was compared to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immuno-gold electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy identified α-granules as storage organelles of platelet angiostatin. Acetylsalicylic acid, MRS2395, GPIIb/IIIa blocking peptide, and aprotinin were used to characterize platelet angiostatin release and generation. An endothelial cell migration assay was performed under hypoxic conditions to determine the effects of pharmacological platelet and angiostatin inhibition. Compared to VEGF, angiostatin generation and release from α-granules occurred later temporally during platelet aggregation. Consequently, collagen-activated platelet releasates stimulated endothelial cell migration more potently than maximally-aggregated platelets. Platelet inhibitors prostacyclin, S-nitroso-glutathione, acetylsalicylic acid, and GPIIb/IIIa blocking peptide, but not a P2Y12 inhibitor, suppressed angiostatin release but not generation. Suppression of angiostatin generation in the presence of acetylsalicylic acid enhanced platelet-stimulated endothelial migration. Hence, the temporal and pharmacological modulation of platelet angiostatin release may have significant consequences for neo-vascularization following thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Radziwon-Balicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Moncada de la Rosa C, Radziwon-Balicka A, El-Sikhry H, Seubert J, Ruvolo PP, Radomski MW, Jurasz P. Pharmacologic Protein Kinase CαInhibition Uncouples Human Platelet-Stimulated Angiogenesis from Collagen-Induced Aggregation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 345:15-24. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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22
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Senge MO, Radomski MW. Platelets, photosensitizers, and PDT. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tykhomyrov AA. PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST K1-3 FRAGMENT OF HUMAN PLASMINOGEN. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech6.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Radziwon-Balicka A, Ramer C, Moncada de la Rosa C, Zielnik-Drabik B, Jurasz P. Angiostatin inhibits endothelial MMP-2 and MMP-14 expression: a hypoxia specific mechanism of action. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 58:280-91. [PMID: 23220260 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiostatin is an angiogenesis inhibitor in part generated by and released from platelets. Since platelets upon thrombus formation can give rise to areas of hypoxia, we investigated the effects of angiostatin on endothelial cell migration and apoptosis during hypoxia. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) were exposed to angiostatin under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Apoptosis was measured by flow-cytometry. HMVEC-L migration was studied using a modified Boyden Chamber assay, in which migration is MMP-dependent. MMP-2, MMP-14, and VEGF levels were measured using immunoblot, Q-PCR and ELISA. During hypoxia HMVEC-L were protected from angiostatin-induced apoptosis due to increased hypoxia-induced VEGF expression. However, MMP-dependent migration of HMVEC-L was inhibited by angiostatin under hypoxic but not normoxic conditions. Angiostatin decreased MMP-2 at the gene and protein levels only in HMVEC-L exposed to hypoxia. A similar result was obtained for MMP-14. Higher angiostatin concentrations, as would be seen during thrombosis, induced HMVEC-L apoptosis, which was not rescued by VEGF. Under hypoxic conditions angiostatin's primary anti-angiogenic mechanism is likely inhibition of endothelial cell MMP-dependent endothelial cell migration. Only at higher concentrations does angiostatin induce endothelial cell death. This study identifies a novel angiostatin anti-angiogenesis mechanism that is only triggered under pathological-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Radziwon-Balicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
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25
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Radziwon-Balicka A, Moncada de la Rosa C, Jurasz P. Platelet-associated angiogenesis regulating factors: a pharmacological perspective. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:679-88. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Platelets, in addition to maintaining hemostasis, also stimulate angiogenesis by generating and releasing, upon activation, factors that promote the growth of new blood vessels. To date, at least 20 angiogenesis-regulating factors have been identified in platelets, including both promoters and inhibitors. Platelet-derived angiogenesis regulators promote angiogenesis during wound healing, tumor growth, and in response to ischemia. Within platelets, angiogenesis regulators are primarily stored in α-granules, but are also found in the cytosol or derived from membrane lipids. Their release can be inhibited pharmacologically by anti-platelet agents, which consequently suppress platelet-stimulated angiogenesis. Several years ago, our research group discovered that platelets generate the angiogenesis inhibitor angiostatin independent of the activation state of platelets, and that platelet-derived angiostatin serves to limit the angiogenesis-stimulating effects of platelets. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of platelet-associated angiogenesis regulators, how they impact angiogenesis, and how they are controlled pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Radziwon-Balicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-142E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Cesar Moncada de la Rosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-142E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Paul Jurasz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-142E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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Jurasz P, Yurkova N, Kirshenbaum L, Stewart DJ. VEGF masks BNIP3-mediated apoptosis of hypoxic endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2011; 14:199-207. [PMID: 21318419 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-011-9204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia results in the apoptotic death of myocytes, neurons, and epithelial cells, through the actions of Bcl-2 and Nineteen kilodalton Interacting Protein-3 (BNIP3). On the contrary, endothelial cells are especially adept at surviving conditions of oxygen deprivation via up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) the most potent endothelial survival factor. Both VEGF and BNIP3 expression are transcriptionally regulated by hypoxia inducible factor and may antagonize each other's affects in endothelial cells (ECs). Since factors that promote and inhibit apoptosis may be expressed at the same time in endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions, we decided to investigate whether VEGF and BNIP3 have opposing actions in endothelial cells. Human microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxic conditions in a Billups-Rothenburg chamber. Under hypoxic conditions BNIP3 expression by endothelial cells increased as measured by real-time PCR and immunoblot. After 48 h of hypoxia, EC apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and was lower than in corresponding normoxia serum starved controls. The increase in EC survival under hypoxic conditions corresponded with an increase in the expression of VEGF. Under normoxic conditions adenoviral BNIP3 over-expression promoted apoptosis of ECs; however, recombinant VEGF (100 pg/ml) antagonized the BNIP3 apoptosis promoting affects. SiRNA knockdown of VEGF expression by hypoxic ECs resulted in increased apoptosis with a concomitant increase in BNIP3 expression. SiRNA knockdown of BNIP3 expression by hypoxic ECs reduced the increase in EC apoptosis as a result of VEGF knockdown. We conclude that under hypoxic conditions VEGF counteracts and masks the apoptosis promoting affects of BNIP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jurasz
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Elevated platelet angiostatin and circulating endothelial microfragments in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: A preliminary study. Thromb Res 2010; 125:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Thulin A, Ringvall M, Dimberg A, Kårehed K, Väisänen T, Väisänen MR, Hamad O, Wang J, Bjerkvig R, Nilsson B, Pihlajaniemi T, Akerud H, Pietras K, Jahnen-Dechent W, Siegbahn A, Olsson AK. Activated platelets provide a functional microenvironment for the antiangiogenic fragment of histidine-rich glycoprotein. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1792-802. [PMID: 19903770 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The angiogenesis inhibitor histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) constitutes one of several examples of molecules regulating both angiogenesis and hemostasis. The antiangiogenic properties of HRG are mediated via its proteolytically released histidine- and proline-rich (His/Pro-rich) domain. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry, we here provide biochemical evidence for the presence of a proteolytic peptide, corresponding to the antiangiogenic domain of HRG, in vivo in human tissue. This finding supports a role for HRG as an endogenous regulator of angiogenesis. Interestingly, the His/Pro-rich peptide bound to the vessel wall in tissue from cancer patients but not to the vasculature in tissue from healthy persons. Moreover, the His/Pro-rich peptide was found in close association with platelets. Relesate from in vitro-activated platelets promoted binding of the His/Pro-rich domain of HRG to endothelial cells, an effect mediated by Zn(2+). Previous studies have shown that zinc-dependent binding of the His/Pro-rich domain of HRG to heparan sulfate on endothelial cells is required for inhibition of angiogenesis. We describe a novel mechanism to increase the local concentration and activity of an angiogenesis inhibitor, which may reflect a host response to counteract angiogenesis during pathologic conditions. Our finding that tumor angiogenesis is elevated in HRG-deficient mice supports this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Thulin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Essential factors associated with hepatic angiogenesis. Life Sci 2007; 81:1555-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Emara M, Obaid L, Johnson S, Bigam DL, Cheung PY. Expression of angiostatin and its related factors in the plasma of newborn pigs with hypoxia and reoxygenation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 466:136-44. [PMID: 17718998 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about angiostatin and its related factors in the hypoxia-reoxygenation of neonates. In this study we compared the effect of 21% and 100% reoxygenation on temporal changes in the plasma level of these factors in newborn piglets subjected to hypoxia. Newborn piglets were subjected to 2 h hypoxia followed by 1 h of reoxygenation with either 21% or 100% oxygen and observed for 4 days. On day 4 of recovery in 100% hypoxic-reoxygenated group, there were increases in total angiostatin, plasminogen/plasmin and MMP-2 levels, and decreases in VEGF levels (vs. respective baseline levels, all P <0.001), whereas no significant temporal changes were found in the 21% hypoxic-reoxygenated and sham-operated groups. Angiostatin levels correlated positively with the levels of MMP-2 and HIF-1alpha and negatively with VEGF levels in 100% hypoxic-reoxygenated group (all P <0.05). In comparison to 21% oxygen, neonatal resuscitation with 100% oxygen was found to increase the levels anti-angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Emara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2S2
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Tummalapalli P, Gondi CS, Dinh DH, Gujrati M, Rao JS. RNA interference-mediated targeting of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression in the IOMM-lee malignant meningioma cell line inhibits tumor growth, tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis. Int J Oncol 2007. [PMID: 17549400 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.31.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most commonly occurring tumors of the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord. Malignant meningiomas are highly aggressive and frequently recur after surgical resection of the tumor. Our previous studies have reported that urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) play important roles in tumor progression. In the present study, we have attempted to evaluate the roles of these molecules in the malignant meningioma tumor microenvironment and to determine the effectiveness of using single or bicistronic small interfering RNA constructs for uPAR and MMP-9 on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and regression of pre-established orthotopic tumors. Transfection of single or bicistronic constructs downregulated uPAR and MMP-9 in meningioma cells compared to controls. A significant reduction in tumor invasion was determined with matrigel gel and spheroid invasion assays in meningioma cells after transfection of these plasmids. Furthermore, downregulation of uPAR and MMP-9 reduced migration of tumor spheroids on vitronectin-coated plates. uPAR and MMP-9 downregulation suppressed capillary network formation, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Also, it is well known that tumor cells manipulate intracellular signaling pathways to aid in various processes involved in tumor progression. Our study revealed that downregulation of uPAR and MMP-9 leads to a decrease in the activation of some of the important enzymes participating in the MAPK and PI3 kinase pathways, which in turn, might decrease cell survival and proliferation. In addition, we analyzed the efficiency of RNAi-mediated targeting of uPAR and MMP-9 in pre-established tumor growth in vivo. We observed a significant regression of pre-established orthotopic tumors upon RNAi-mediated targeting of uPAR and MMP-9. In addition, the present study indicated that targeting both the proteins simultaneously augmented the therapeutic treatment of human meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Tummalapalli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Salasznyk RM, Zappala M, Zheng M, Yu L, Wilkins-Port C, McKeown-Longo PJ. The uPA receptor and the somatomedin B region of vitronectin direct the localization of uPA to focal adhesions in microvessel endothelial cells. Matrix Biol 2007; 26:359-70. [PMID: 17344041 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Vitronectin is a plasma protein which can deposit into the extracellular matrix where it supports integrin and uPA dependent cell migration. In earlier studies, we have shown that the plasma protein, vitronectin, stimulates focal adhesion remodeling by recruiting urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) to focal adhesion sites [Wilcox-Adelman, S. A., Wilkins-Port, C. E., McKeown-Longo, P. J., 2000. Localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator to focal adhesions requires ligation of vitronectin integrin receptors. Cell. Adhes. Commun.7, 477-490]. In the present study, we used a variety of vitronectin constructs to demonstrate that the localization of uPA to adhesion sites requires the binding of both vitronectin integrin receptors and the uPA receptor (uPAR) to vitronectin. A recombinant fragment of vitronectin containing the connecting sequence (VN(CS)) was able to support integrin-dependent adhesion, spreading and focal adhesion assembly by human microvessel endothelial cells. Cells adherent to this fragment were not able to localize uPA to focal adhesions. A second recombinant fragment containing both the amino-terminal SMB domain and the CS domain was able to restore the localization of uPA to adhesion sites. This fragment, which contains a uPAR binding site, also resulted in the localization of uPAR to adhesion sites. uPAR blocking antibodies as well as phospholipase C treatment of cells inhibited uPA localization to adhesion sites confirming a role for uPAR in this process. The SMB domain alone was unable to direct either uPAR or uPA to adhesion sites in the absence of the CS domain. Our results indicate that vitronectin-dependent localization of uPA to adhesion sites requires the sequential binding of vitronectin integrins and uPAR to vitronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Salasznyk
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New, Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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