1
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Gołaszewska A, Misztal T, Kazberuk A, Rusak T. Study on the Mechanism of the Adrenaline-Evoked Procoagulant Response in Human Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2997. [PMID: 38474244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adrenaline has recently been found to trigger phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on blood platelets, resulting in amplification of the coagulation process, but the mechanism is only fragmentarily established. Using a panel of platelet receptors' antagonists and modulators of signaling pathways, we evaluated the importance of these in adrenaline-evoked PS exposure by flow cytometry. Calcium and sodium ion influx into platelet cytosol, after adrenaline treatment, was examined by fluorimetric measurements. We found a strong reduction in PS exposure after blocking of sodium and calcium ion influx via Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), respectively. ADP receptor antagonists produced a moderate inhibitory effect. Substantial limitation of PS exposure was observed in the presence of GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3-K) inhibitors, or prostaglandin E1, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-elevating agent. We demonstrated that adrenaline may develop a procoagulant response in human platelets with the substantial role of ion exchangers (NHE and NCX), secreted ADP, GPIIb/IIIa-dependent outside-in signaling, and PI3-K. Inhibition of the above mechanisms and increasing cytosolic cAMP seem to be the most efficient procedures to control adrenaline-evoked PS exposure in human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gołaszewska
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-369 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kazberuk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-959 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rusak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-369 Bialystok, Poland
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2
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Ayyoub S, Orriols R, Oliver E, Ceide OT. Thrombosis Models: An Overview of Common In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2569. [PMID: 36768891 PMCID: PMC9917341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Occlusions in the blood vessels caused by blood clots, referred to as thrombosis, and the subsequent outcomes are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In vitro and in vivo models of thrombosis have advanced our understanding of the complex pathways involved in its development and allowed the evaluation of different therapeutic approaches for its management. This review summarizes different commonly used approaches to induce thrombosis in vivo and in vitro, without detailing the protocols for each technique or the mechanism of thrombus development. For ease of flow, a schematic illustration of the models mentioned in the review is shown below. Considering the number of available approaches, we emphasize the importance of standardizing thrombosis models in research per study aim and application, as different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in each model, and they exert varying responses to the same carried tests. For the time being, the selection of the appropriate model depends on several factors, including the available settings and research facilities, the aim of the research and its application, and the researchers' experience and ability to perform surgical interventions if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ayyoub
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Ramon Orriols
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Tura Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital de Girona, Santa Caterina Hospital de Salt and the Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Karel M, Tullemans B, D'Italia G, Lemmens T, Claushuis T, Kuijpers M, Cosemans J. The effect of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib on atherothrombus formation under stenotic flow conditions. Thromb Res 2022; 212:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Zhang Y, Ramasundara SDZ, Preketes-Tardiani RE, Cheng V, Lu H, Ju LA. Emerging Microfluidic Approaches for Platelet Mechanobiology and Interplay With Circulatory Systems. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:766513. [PMID: 34901226 PMCID: PMC8655735 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.766513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how platelets can sense and respond to hemodynamic forces in disturbed blood flow and complexed vasculature is crucial to the development of more effective and safer antithrombotic therapeutics. By incorporating diverse structural and functional designs, microfluidic technologies have emerged to mimic microvascular anatomies and hemodynamic microenvironments, which open the floodgates for fascinating platelet mechanobiology investigations. The latest endothelialized microfluidics can even recapitulate the crosstalk between platelets and the circulatory system, including the vessel walls and plasma proteins such as von Willebrand factor. Hereby, we highlight these exciting microfluidic applications to platelet mechanobiology and platelet–circulatory system interplay as implicated in thrombosis. Last but not least, we discuss the need for microfluidic standardization and summarize the commercially available microfluidic platforms for researchers to obtain reproducible and consistent results in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Savindi De Zoysa Ramasundara
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Renee Ellen Preketes-Tardiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivian Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Hongxu Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
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5
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Izzi B, Gialluisi A, Gianfagna F, Orlandi S, De Curtis A, Magnacca S, Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Hoylaerts MF, Cerletti C, Iacoviello L. Platelet Distribution Width Is Associated with P-Selectin Dependent Platelet Function: Results from the Moli-Family Cohort Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102737. [PMID: 34685717 PMCID: PMC8535046 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defined as an index of platelet size heterogeneity, the platelet distribution width (PDW) is still a poorly characterized marker of platelet function in (sub)clinical disease. We presently validated PDW as a marker of P-selectin dependent platelet activation in the Moli-family cohort. Platelet-bound P-selectin and platelet/leukocyte mixed aggregates were measured by flow cytometry in freshly collected venous blood, both before and after in vitro platelet activation, and coagulation time was assessed in unstimulated and LPS- or TNFα-stimulated whole blood. Closure Times (CT) were measured in a Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA)-100. Multivariable linear mixed effect regression models (with age, sex and platelet count as fixed and family structure as random effect) revealed PDW to be negatively associated with platelet P-selectin, platelet/leukocyte aggregates and von Willebrand factor (VWF), and positively with PFA-100 CT, and LPS- and TNF-α-stimulated coagulation times. With the exception of VWF, all relationships were sex-independent. In contrast, no association was found between mean platelet volume (MPV) and these variables. PDW seems a simple, useful marker of ex vivo and in vitro P-selectin dependent platelet activation. Investigations of larger cohorts will define the usefulness of PDW as a risk predictor of thrombo-inflammatory conditions where activated platelets play a contributing role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Izzi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (S.O.); (A.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (C.C.); (L.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (S.O.); (A.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (C.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Sabatino Orlandi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (S.O.); (A.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (C.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (S.O.); (A.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (C.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Sara Magnacca
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (S.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (S.O.); (A.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (C.C.); (L.I.)
| | | | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (S.O.); (A.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (C.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (S.O.); (A.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (C.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Marc F. Hoylaerts
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (S.O.); (A.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (C.C.); (L.I.)
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.G.); (S.O.); (A.D.C.); (S.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.); (C.C.); (L.I.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Marcinczyk N, Misztal T, Gromotowicz-Poplawska A, Zebrowska A, Rusak T, Radziwon P, Chabielska E. Utility of Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in the Platelet Activity Assessment in Mouse and Human Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179611. [PMID: 34502520 PMCID: PMC8431756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we introduced the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1)/thrombus ratio, which is a parameter indicating the proportion of PECAM-1 in laser-induced thrombi in mice. Because PECAM-1 is an antithrombotic molecule, the higher the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio, the less activated the platelets. In this study, we used an extracorporeal model of thrombosis (flow chamber model) to verify its usefulness in the assessment of the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio in animal and human studies. Using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model, we also evaluated whether the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio determined in the flow chamber (without endothelium) differed from that calculated in laser-induced thrombosis (with endothelium). We observed that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) decreased the area of the thrombus while increasing the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio in healthy mice and humans in a dose-dependent manner. In LPS-treated mice, the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio decreased as the dose of ASA increased in both thrombosis models, but the direction of change in the thrombus area was inconsistent. Our study demonstrates that the PECAM-1/thrombus ratio can more accurately describe the platelet activation status than commonly used parameters such as the thrombus area, and, hence, it can be used in both human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marcinczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (A.G.-P.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-857-485-607
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (T.M.); (T.R.)
| | | | - Agnieszka Zebrowska
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, 15-950 Bialystok, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Tomasz Rusak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (T.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, 15-950 Bialystok, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- Department of Haematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Chabielska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (A.G.-P.); (E.C.)
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7
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Golaszewska A, Misztal T, Marcinczyk N, Chabielska E, Rusak T. Adrenaline May Contribute to Prothrombotic Condition via Augmentation of Platelet Procoagulant Response, Enhancement of Fibrin Formation, and Attenuation of Fibrinolysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:657881. [PMID: 34025450 PMCID: PMC8134743 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.657881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adrenaline is believed to play a role in thrombosis and hemostasis. The complex effect of its clinically relevant concentrations on thrombus formation, coagulation and fibrinolysis in human blood has never been specifically studied. Methods: Confocal microscopy was used to study thrombus formation under flow, exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in adhered platelets, to evaluate clots density, and to measure kinetics of fibrin formation and external fibrinolysis under flow. Flow cytometry was utilized to assess PS exposure in non-adhered platelets. Kinetics of clot formation and internal fibrinolysis was evaluated by thromboelastometry. Platelet aggregation was measured by optical aggremometry. Kinetics of clot retraction was assessed by using digital camera. Results: We found that adrenaline (1-10 nM) is able to enhance platelet activation evoked by subthreshold collagen (150 ng/ml), resulting in augmentation of platelet aggregation, thrombus formation under arterial flow conditions, platelet PS exposure, and formation of platelet-fibrin clots. The development of platelet procoagulant response evoked by adrenaline + low collagen was associated with the formation of denser platelet-fibrin clots and the decrease in rate of fibrinolysis despite whether lysis was initiated inside (internal fibrinolysis) or outside the clot (external fibrinolysis). The above phenomena were abolished by the α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, rauwolscine. Adrenaline-collagen synergism, expressed as PS exposure, was significantly reduced by cyclooxygenase inhibitor (acetylsalicic acid), GPIIb/IIIa receptor blocker (tirofiban), and P2Y12 receptor antagonist (PSB 0739). Conclusion: Clinically relevant concentrations of adrenaline may significantly augment responses of human platelets in the presence of subthreshold concentrations of collagen, which should be considered during therapies involving adrenaline infusion. Routinely used antiplatelet drugs may reduce the prothrombotic state evoked by adrenaline-collagen synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Golaszewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Marcinczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Chabielska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rusak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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8
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Mangin PH, Neeves KB, Lam WA, Cosemans JMEM, Korin N, Kerrigan SW, Panteleev MA. In vitro flow-based assay: From simple toward more sophisticated models for mimicking hemostasis and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:582-587. [PMID: 34396675 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro flow-based assays are widely used to investigate the role of platelets and coagulation in hemostasis and thrombosis. Their main advantage over other assays relies on the fact that they integrate blood flow that regulates many aspects of platelet function, including adhesion, activation, and aggregation. Blood flow is also central in the regulation of coagulation through its ability to modulate the local concentrations of coagulation factors within and around thrombi. The most broadly used assay to study thrombus formation consists in perfusing whole blood over immobilized fibrillar collagen through a single channel, which helps to reproduce thrombus formation as it occurs in vivo after vascular injury, with platelets adhering, becoming activated, and forming a mural thrombus. This process can also be studied under conditions of thrombin generation, notably by recalcifying blood collected in sodium citrate. In this manuscript, we briefly discuss the advantages and limits of this broadly used "in vitro thrombus formation model." The main emphasis is on the description of the most recent developments regarding design of new flow models and new techniques, and how these may advance the landscape of in vitro studies into the formation of physiological or pathophysiological thrombi. Challenges linked to mimicking the formation of a hemostatic plug in a healthy vessel or a thrombus in diseased arteries and the complexity of reproducing the various aspects of venous thrombosis are discussed. Future directions are proposed to improve the physiological or pathophysiological relevance of current flow-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre H Mangin
- INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Keith B Neeves
- Departments of Bioengineering and Pediatrics, Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Steven W Kerrigan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Trevisan BM, Porada CD, Atala A, Almeida-Porada G. Microfluidic devices for studying coagulation biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:1-7. [PMID: 32563678 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to study the behavior of cells, proteins, and cell-cell or cell-protein interactions under dynamic forces such as shear stress under fluid flow, provides a more accurate understanding of the physiopathology of hemostasis. This review touches upon the traditional methods for studying blood coagulation and platelet aggregation and provides an overview on cellular and protein response to shear stress. We also elaborate on the biological aspects of how cells recognize mechanical forces and convert them into biochemical signals that can drive various signaling pathways. We give a detailed description of the various types of microfluidic devices that are employed to study the complex processes of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation under flow conditions as well as to investigate endothelial shear-response. We also highlight works mimicking artificial vessels as platforms to study the mechanisms of coagulation, and finish our review by describing anticipated clinical uses of microfluidics devices and their standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady M Trevisan
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Christopher D Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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10
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Mangin PH, Gardiner EE, Nesbitt WS, Kerrigan SW, Korin N, Lam WA, Panteleev MA. In vitro flow based systems to study platelet function and thrombus formation: Recommendations for standardization: Communication from the SSC on Biorheology of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:748-752. [PMID: 32112535 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental videomicroscopic in vitro assays of thrombus formation based on blood perfusion are instrumental in a wide range of basic studies in thrombosis, screening for hereditary or acquired plateletrelated pathologies, and assessing the effectiveness of novel anti-platelet therapies. Here, we discuss application of the broadly used "in vitro thrombosis model": a frequently used assay to study the formation of 3D aggregates under flow, which involves perfusing anticoagulated whole blood over fibrillar collagen in a flow geometry of rectangular cross-section, such as glass microcapillaries or parallel-plate flow chambers. Major advantaged of this assay are simplicity and ability to reproduce the four main stages of platelet thrombus formation, i.e. platelet tethering, adhesion, activation and aggregation under a wide range of hemodynamic conditions. On the other hand, these devices represent, at best, simple reductive models of thrombosis. We also describe how blood flow assays can be used to study various aspects of platelet function on adhesive proteins and discuss the relevance of such flow models. Finally, we propose recommendations for standardization related to the use of this assay that cover collagen source, coating methods, micropatterning, sample composition, anticoagulation, choice of flow device, hemodynamic conditions, quantification challenges, variability, pre-analytical conditions and other issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre H Mangin
- INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Warwick S Nesbitt
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven W Kerrigan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Netanel Korin
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Techion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Wilbur A Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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11
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New approaches for the assessment of platelet activation status in thrombus under flow condition using confocal microscopy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 393:727-738. [PMID: 31834466 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the study was the assessment of heterogeneous platelet activation status in thrombus. In a ferric(III) chloride (FeCl3) thrombosis (intravital) model of C57BL/6 J mice, the area of irreversibly activated (phosphatidylserine (PS)-positive) platelets was assessed after 1-s exposure of a vessel to FeCl3. In a laser-induced thrombosis (intravital) model of GFP mice, the area of the thrombus composed of PS-negative platelets was evaluated. The ratio of the area of PECAM-1 to the area of the thrombus was used as a marker to assess the activity of PS-negative platelets. In the in vitro flow chamber model, the thrombus area (PS-negative and PS-positive platelets) and the platelet activation index (ratio of the area of PS-positive platelets to the area of thrombus) were determined. To assess platelet activation status with these models, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and iloprost (Ilo) were used. In the FeCl3 thrombosis, ASA (10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) decreased the area of PS-positive platelets. In the laser thrombosis, ASA (10 mg/kg) decreased the thrombus area, but the decrease in platelet activity was evident even at 3 mg/kg by an increased PECAM-1/thrombus ratio. In the flow chamber, ASA (0.02 mg/ml, 0.2 mg/ml) equally decreased the platelet activation index, whereas only at 0.2 mg/ml, it decreased the thrombus area. Ilo (3.6 ng/ml, 36 ng/ml) decreased the thrombus area but at 36 ng/ml increased the platelet activation index. We showed that intravital models and flow chamber provide a detailed assessment of platelet activation status and the mechanism of drug action.
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12
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Provenzale I, Brouns SLN, van der Meijden PEJ, Swieringa F, Heemskerk JWM. Whole Blood Based Multiparameter Assessment of Thrombus Formation in Standard Microfluidic Devices to Proxy In Vivo Haemostasis and Thrombosis. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10110787. [PMID: 31744132 PMCID: PMC6915499 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic assays are versatile tests which, using only small amounts of blood, enable high throughput analyses of platelet function in several minutes. In combination with fluorescence microscopy, these flow tests allow real-time visualisation of platelet activation with the possibility of examining combinatorial effects of wall shear rate, coagulation and modulation by endothelial cells. In particular, the ability to use blood and blood cells from healthy subjects or patients makes this technology promising, both for research and (pre)clinical diagnostic purposes. In the present review, we describe how microfluidic devices are used to assess the roles of platelets in thrombosis and haemostasis. We place emphasis on technical aspects and on experimental designs that make the concept of "blood-vessel-component-on-a-chip" an attractive, rapidly developing technology for the study of the complex biological processes of blood coagulability in the presence of flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Provenzale
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (J.W.M.H.); Tel.: +31-43-3881671 or +31-43-3881674 (J.W.M.H.)
| | | | | | | | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (J.W.M.H.); Tel.: +31-43-3881671 or +31-43-3881674 (J.W.M.H.)
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13
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Szydzik C, Brazilek RJ, Akbaridoust F, de Silva C, Moon M, Marusic I, Ooi ASH, Nandurkar HH, Hamilton JR, Mitchell A, Nesbitt WS. Active Micropump-Mixer for Rapid Antiplatelet Drug Screening in Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10830-10839. [PMID: 31343155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for scalable automated lab-on-chip systems incorporating precise hemodynamic control that can be applied to high-content screening of new more efficacious antiplatelet therapies. This paper reports on the development and characterization of a novel active micropump-mixer microfluidic to address this need. Using a novel reciprocating elastomeric micropump design, we take advantage of the flexible structural and actuation properties of this framework to manage the hemodynamics for on-chip platelet thrombosis assay on type 1 fibrillar collagen, using whole blood. By characterizing and harnessing the complex three-dimensional hemodynamics of the micropump operation in conjunction with a microvalve controlled reagent injection system we demonstrate that this prototype can act as a real-time assay of antiplatelet drug pharmacokinetics. In a proof-of-concept preclinical application, we utilize this system to investigate the way in which rapid dosing of human whole blood with isoform selective inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dose dependently modulate platelet thrombus dynamics. This modular system exhibits utility as an automated multiplexable assay system with applications to high-content chemical library screening of new antiplatelet therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Szydzik
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia.,School of Engineering , RMIT University , 124 La Trobe Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - Rose J Brazilek
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia
| | - Farzan Akbaridoust
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , 124 La Trobe Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Charitha de Silva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , The University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Mitchell Moon
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia
| | - Ivan Marusic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Andrew S H Ooi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Harshal H Nandurkar
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , 124 La Trobe Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
| | - Warwick S Nesbitt
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , 99 Commercial Road , Melbourne , Victoria 3004 , Australia.,School of Engineering , RMIT University , 124 La Trobe Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3000 , Australia
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A point-of-care global thrombosis test measuring occlusion time and endogenous lysis time may indicate thrombotic status. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO402. [PMID: 31285845 PMCID: PMC6609900 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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15
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Majumdar S, Patil CN, Ladner-Threadgill T, Randolph E, Burgreen GW, Kermode JC. Platelet activation and erythrocyte lysis during brief exposure of blood to pathophysiological shear stress in vitro. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 67:159-172. [PMID: 28800323 DOI: 10.3233/ch-170256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction of von Willebrand factor (VWF) with circulating platelets is the trigger for thrombosis in a region of arterial stenosis. These events are typically studied in vitro under conditions where platelets adhere to a VWF-coated surface. Our approach assesses platelet responses in the absence of adhesion. OBJECTIVE To characterize extent of platelet activation and erythrocyte lysis in an artificial stenosis model. METHODS Whole blood is perfused through a length of polyetheretherketone tubing that includes an artificial stenosis, comprising narrow-bore (89-381 μm) tubing. Secretion of [14C] serotonin and hemoglobin release was measured to evaluate platelet activation and hemolysis respectively at various perfusion rates and different stenosis dimensions. RESULTS Platelet activation and erythrocyte lysis increased progressively with increasing perfusion rate and decreasing stenosis diameter; the length of the stenosis had negligible influence. Modest platelet activation (5-10% secretion of [14C] serotonin) occurred without significant erythrocyte lysis under a limited range of perfusion conditions (4-6 mL/min flow through a 127 μm stenosis). CONCLUSIONS Our experimental approach mimics conditions in severe arterial stenosis or a mechanical heart valve. It could be a valuable aid in the development of novel drugs to treat arterial thrombosis and in the design of heart valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvankar Majumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Chetan N Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Erica Randolph
- Department of Biology, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, MS, USA
| | - Greg W Burgreen
- ERC-SimCenter, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - John C Kermode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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16
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Lehmann M, Ashworth K, Manco-Johnson M, Di Paola J, Neeves KB, Ng CJ. Evaluation of a microfluidic flow assay to screen for von Willebrand disease and low von Willebrand factor levels. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:104-115. [PMID: 29064615 PMCID: PMC5794217 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Essentials von Willebrand factor (VWF) function is shear stress dependent. Platelet accumulation in a microfluidic assay correlates with VWF levels. The microfluidic assay discriminates type 1 von Willebrand disease from healthy controls. The microfluidic flow assay detects responses to therapeutic intervention (DDAVP). SUMMARY Background von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a mucocutaneous bleeding disorder with a reported prevalence of 1 in 10 000. von Willebrand factor (VWF) function and platelet adhesion are regulated by hemodynamic forces that are not integrated into most current clinical assays. Objective We evaluated whether a custom microfluidic flow assay (MFA) can screen for deficiencies in VWF in patients presenting with mucocutaneous bleeding. Methods Whole blood from individuals with mucocutaneous bleeding was assayed in a custom MFA. Results Thirty-two patients with type 1 VWD (10/32) or reported mucocutaneous bleeding were enrolled. The platelet adhesion velocity (r = 0.5978 for 750 s-1 and 0.6895 for 1500 s-1 ) and the maximum platelet surface area coverage (r = 0.5719 for 750 s-1 and 0.6633 for 1500 s-1 ) in the MFA correlated with VWF levels. Furthermore, the platelet adhesion velocity at 750 s-1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.0009761, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0003404-0.001612; control, mean 0.003587, 95% CI 0.002455-0.004719) and at 1500 s-1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.0003585, 95% CI 0.00003914-0.0006778; control, mean 0.003132, 95% CI 0.001565-0.004699) differentiated type 1 VWD from controls. Maximum platelet surface area coverage at 750 s-1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.1831, 95% CI 0.03816-0.3281; control, mean 0.6755, 95% CI 0.471-0.88) and at 1500 s-1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.07873, 95% CI 0.01689-0.1406; control, mean 0.6432, 95% CI 0.3607-0.9257) also differentiated type 1 VWD from controls. We also observed an improvement in platelet accumulation after 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) treatment at 1500 s-1 (pre-DDAVP, mean 0.4784, 95% CI 0.1777-0.7791; post-DDAVP, mean 0.8444, 95% CI 0.7162-0.9726). Conclusions These data suggest that this approach can be used as a screening tool for VWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lehmann
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Manco-Johnson
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher J. Ng
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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17
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Brazilek RJ, Tovar-Lopez FJ, Wong AKT, Tran H, Davis AS, McFadyen JD, Kaplan Z, Chunilal S, Jackson SP, Nandurkar H, Mitchell A, Nesbitt WS. Application of a strain rate gradient microfluidic device to von Willebrand's disease screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2595-2608. [PMID: 28660968 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Von Willebrand's disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder caused by either quantitative or qualitative defects of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Current tests for VWD require relatively large blood volumes, have low throughput, are time-consuming, and do not incorporate the physiologically relevant effects of haemodynamic forces. We developed a microfluidic device incorporating micro-contractions that harnesses well-defined haemodynamic strain gradients to initiate platelet aggregation in citrated whole blood. The microchannel architecture has been specifically designed to allow for continuous real-time imaging of platelet aggregation dynamics. Subjects aged ≥18 years with previously diagnosed VWD or who presented for evaluation of a bleeding disorder, where the possible diagnosis included VWD, were tested. Samples were obtained for device characterization as well as for pathology-based testing. Platelet aggregation in the microfluidic device is independent of platelet amplification loops but dependent on low-level platelet activation, GPIb/IX/V and integrin αIIbβ3 engagement. Microfluidic output directly correlates with VWF antigen levels and is able to sensitively detect aggregation defects associated with VWD subtypes. Testing demonstrated a strong correlation with standard clinical laboratory-based tests. Head-to-head comparison with PFA100® demonstrated equivalent, if not improved, sensitivity for screening aggregation defects associated with VWD. This strain rate gradient microfluidic prototype has the potential to be a clinically useful, rapid and high throughput-screening tool for VWD as well as other strain-dependent platelet disorders. In addition, the microfluidic device represents a novel approach to examine the effects of high magnitude/short duration (ms) strain rate gradients on platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose J Brazilek
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Educational Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Schoeman RM, Lehmann M, Neeves KB. Flow chamber and microfluidic approaches for measuring thrombus formation in genetic bleeding disorders. Platelets 2017; 28:463-471. [PMID: 28532218 PMCID: PMC6131111 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1306042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and aggregation, coagulation, fibrin formation, and fibrinolysis are regulated by the forces and flows imposed by blood at the site of a vascular injury. Flow chambers designed to observe these events are an indispensable part of doing hemostasis and thrombosis research, especially with human blood. Microfluidic methods have provided the flexibility to design flow chambers with complex geometries and features that more closely mimic the anatomy and physiology of blood vessels. Additionally, microfluidic systems with integrated optics and/or pressure sensors and on-board signal processing could transform what have been primarily research tools into clinical assays. Here, we describe a historical review of how flow-based approaches have informed biophysical mechanisms in genetic bleeding disorders, challenges and potential solutions for developing models of bleeding in vitro, and outstanding issues that need to be addressed prior to their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier M. Schoeman
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Marcus Lehmann
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Keith B. Neeves
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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19
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Van Aelst B, Feys HB, Devloo R, Vandekerckhove P, Compernolle V. Microfluidic Flow Chambers Using Reconstituted Blood to Model Hemostasis and Platelet Transfusion In Vitro. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27023054 DOI: 10.3791/53823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets prepared for transfusion gradually lose hemostatic function during storage. Platelet function can be investigated using a variety of (indirect) in vitro experiments, but none of these is as comprehensive as microfluidic flow chambers. In this protocol, the reconstitution of thrombocytopenic fresh blood with stored blood bank platelets is used to simulate platelet transfusion. Next, the reconstituted sample is perfused in microfluidic flow chambers which mimic hemostasis on exposed subendothelial matrix proteins. Effects of blood donation, transport, component separation, storage and pathogen inactivation can be measured in paired experimental designs. This allows reliable comparison of the impact every manipulation in blood component preparation has on hemostasis. Our results demonstrate the impact of temperature cycling, shear rates, platelet concentration and storage duration on platelet function. In conclusion, this protocol analyzes the function of blood bank platelets and this ultimately aids in optimization of the processing chain including phlebotomy, transport, component preparation, storage and transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hendrik B Feys
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgium Red Cross-Flanders;
| | | | - Philippe Vandekerckhove
- Blood Service, Belgium Red Cross-Flanders; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Catholic University of Leuven; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Transfusion Research Center, Belgium Red Cross-Flanders; Blood Service, Belgium Red Cross-Flanders; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent
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20
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Abstract
The shear rate and corresponding shear stress have impacts on arterial thrombus formation. In particular, the effects of increasing concentration of platelets at the vessel wall and activation of platelets at this site increase the growth and stability of the thrombi which may result in a fatal narrowing of the arterial lumen. The efficacy of many antithrombotic agents is shear dependent as well. It is apparent that there is a need for a point-of-care device to rapidly monitor the risk for arterial thrombosis and to optimize antithrombotic therapy in vitro. The present review focuses on the essential role of shear rate on arterial thrombus formation in native human blood drawn directly from an antecubital vein.
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21
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Sylman JL, Artzer DT, Rana K, Neeves KB. A vascular injury model using focal heat-induced activation of endothelial cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:801-14. [PMID: 26087748 PMCID: PMC4494879 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) both inhibit and promote platelet function depending on their activation state. Quiescent EC inhibit platelet activation by constitutive secretion of platelet inhibitors. Activated EC promote platelet adhesion by secretion of von Willebrand factor (vWF). EC also secrete an extracellular matrix that support platelet adhesion when exposed following vascular injury. Previous studies of EC-platelet interactions under flow activate entire monolayers of cells by chemical activation. In this study, EC cultured in microfluidic channels were focally activated by heat from an underlying microelectrode. Based on finite element modeling, microelectrodes induced peak temperature increases of 10-40 °C above 37 °C after applying 5-9 V for 30 s resulting in three zones: (1) a quiescent zone corresponded to peak temperatures of less than 15 °C characterized by no EC activation or platelet accumulation. (2) An activation zone corresponding to an increase of 16-22 °C yielded EC that were viable, secreted elevated levels of vWF, and were P-selectin positive. Platelets accumulated in the retracted spaces between EC in the activation zone at a wall shear rate of 150 and 1500 s(-1). Experiments with blocking antibodies show that platelets adhere via GPIbα-vWF and α6β1-laminin interactions. (3) A kill zone corresponded to peak temperatures of greater than 23 °C where EC were not viable and did not support platelet adhesion. These data define heating conditions for the activation of EC, causing the secretion of vWF and the exposure of a subendothelial matrix that support platelet adhesion and aggregation. This model provides for spatially defined zones of EC activation that could be a useful tool for measuring the relative roles of anti- and prothrombotic roles of EC at the site of vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sylman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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22
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Branchford BR, Ng CJ, Neeves KB, Di Paola J. Microfluidic technology as an emerging clinical tool to evaluate thrombosis and hemostasis. Thromb Res 2015; 136:13-9. [PMID: 26014643 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of platelet function and coagulation under flow conditions can augment traditional static assays used to evaluate patients with suspected hemostatic or thrombotic disorders. Among the available flow-based assays, microfluidic devices require the smallest blood volume and provide multiple output options. These assays are based on the presence of wall shear stress that mimics in vivo interactions between blood components and vessel walls. Microfluidic devices can generate essential information regarding homeostatic regulation of platelet activation and subsequent engagement of the coagulation cascade leading to fibrin deposition and clot formation. Emerging data suggest that microfluidic assays may also reveal consistent patterns of hemostatic or thrombotic pathology, and could aid in assessing and monitoring patient-specific effects of coagulation-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Branchford
- Dept. of Pediatrics - Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher J Ng
- Dept. of Pediatrics - Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keith B Neeves
- Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Dept. of Pediatrics - Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; University of Colorado Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Graduate Program- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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23
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Tynngård N, Lindahl TL, Ramström S. Assays of different aspects of haemostasis - what do they measure? Thromb J 2015; 13:8. [PMID: 25688179 PMCID: PMC4329663 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-015-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemostasis is a complex process affected by many factors including both cellular and plasma components. It is a multistep process starting with platelet adhesion to damaged endothelium and ending in clot fibrinolysis. There are several methods available to study different aspects of haemostasis including adhesion, aggregation, coagulation and fibrinolysis. This review describes the different methods, what aspects of haemostasis they measure and their limitations. Methods discussed include methods to study adhesion (e.g. PFA-100, cone and platelet(let) analyzer and perfusion chambers) and aggregation (e.g. Multiplate, VerifyNow and Plateletworks). Furthermore the principles behind viscoelastic haemostatic assays are presented as well as methods that can analyse aspects of haemostasis in plasma or platelet-rich-plasma samples (thrombin generation, overall haemostasis potential and Thrombodynamics Analyzer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahreen Tynngård
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas L Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Ramström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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24
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van Zijp HM, Barendrecht AD, Riegman J, Goudsmits JMH, de Jong AM, Kress H, Prins MWJ. Quantification of platelet-surface interactions in real-time using intracellular calcium signaling. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:217-27. [PMID: 24370571 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Platelets get easily activated when in contact with a surface. Therefore in the design of microfluidic blood analysis devices surface activation effects have to be taken into account. So far, platelet-surface interactions have been quantified by morphology changes, membrane marker expression or secretion marker release. In this paper we present a simple and effective method that allows quantification of platelet-surface interactions in real-time. A calcium indicator was used to visualize intracellular calcium variations during platelet adhesion. We designated cells that showed a significant increase in cytosolic calcium as responding cells. The fraction of responding cells upon binding was analyzed for different types of surfaces. Thereafter, the immobilized platelets were chemically stimulated and the fraction of responding cells was analyzed. Furthermore, the time between the binding or chemical stimulation and the increased cytosolic calcium level (i.e. the response delay time) was measured. We used surface coatings relevant for platelet-function testing including Poly-L-lysine (PLL), anti-GPIb and collagen as well as control coatings such as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and mouse immunoglobulin (IgG). We found that a lower percentage of responding cells upon binding, results in a higher percentage of responding cells upon chemical stimulation after binding. The measured delay time between platelet binding under sedimentation and calcium response was the lowest on a PLL-coated surface, followed by an anti-GPIb and collagen-coated surface and IgG-coated surface. The presented method provides real-time information of platelet-surface interactions on a single cell as well as on a cell ensemble level. For future in-vitro diagnostic tests, this real-time single-cell function analysis can reveal heterogeneities in the biological processes of a cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M van Zijp
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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25
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Clauser J, Gester K, Roggenkamp J, Mager I, Maas J, Jansen SV, Steinseifer U. Micro-structuring of polycarbonate-urethane surfaces in order to reduce platelet activation and adhesion. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2014; 25:504-18. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.879561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Basabe-Desmonts L, Meade G, Kenny D. New trends in bioanalytical microdevices to assess platelet function. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:869-74. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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Abstract
Platelets are anucleated fragments produced by megakaryocytes that circulate in the blood. Platelets are involved in the initial cellular response to damaged endothelium and migrate to this area to prevent excessive bleeding. What is becoming more acknowledged over the last few decades is that blood flow (hemodynamics) plays a critical role in platelet function. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of platelet biology with particular focus on the role of hemodynamics. The emerging concept of shear microgradients, which are challenging the traditional model of platelet function, will also be introduced in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Ka Tsun Wong
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, 6th Floor, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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28
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A practical guide to quantify cell adhesion using single-cell force spectroscopy. Methods 2013; 60:169-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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29
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Lucitt MB, O'Brien S, Cowman J, Meade G, Basabe-Desmonts L, Somers M, Kent N, Ricco AJ, Kenny D. Assaying the efficacy of dual-antiplatelet therapy: use of a controlled-shear-rate microfluidic device with a well-defined collagen surface to track dynamic platelet adhesion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4823-34. [PMID: 23535745 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and demonstration of an assay that distinguishes the pharmacological effects of two widely used antiplatelet therapies, aspirin (COX-1 inhibitor) and clopidogrel (P2Y12 inhibitor). Whole blood is perfused through a low-volume microfluidic device in contact with a well-characterized (ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy) acid-soluble type I collagen surface. Whole human blood treated in vitro with a P2Y12 inhibitor 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-monophosphate triethylammonium salt (2-MeSAMP) extended the time to the start of platelet recruitment, i.e., platelet binding to the collagen surface. Treatment with 2-MeSAMP also slowed the rate of aggregate buildup, with an overall reduced average platelet aggregate area after 8 min of constant blood flow. A far smaller effect was observed for in vitro treatment with aspirin, for which the rate of change of surface coverage is indistinguishable from controls. In whole blood obtained from patients under treatment with dual-antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel), a significant extension of time to platelet recruitment was observed along with a slowed rate of aggregate buildup and an average aggregate size approximately half that of control measurements. Differentiation of the pharmacological effects of these two well-targeted antiplatelet pathways suggests a role for this assay in determining the antiplatelet effects of these and related new therapeutics in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B Lucitt
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Van Kruchten R, Cosemans JMEM, Heemskerk JWM. Measurement of whole blood thrombus formation using parallel-plate flow chambers - a practical guide. Platelets 2012; 23:229-42. [PMID: 22502645 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2011.630848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Custom-made and commercial parallel-plate flow chambers are widely used for studies of platelet activation and thrombus formation in whole blood at defined shear rates. When used in a reproducible way, such flow chamber devices give valuable information on the thrombogenic potential of human, mouse, or rat blood. This article aims to provide a practical guide for the use of parallel-plate flow chambers in combination with routine microscopic imaging techniques. The following methodological aspects are addressed: preparation of surface coatings, calculation of blood flow and shear rate, control of pre-analytical variables, protocols for routine performing of flow chamber tests with non-coagulating or coagulating blood, and procedures for real-time and end-point analysis of thrombus formation. Frequently encountered experimental problems and artifacts are discussed, as well as possibilities for using flow chamber devices as a diagnostic tool to test antithrombotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Van Kruchten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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31
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Westein E, de Witt S, Lamers M, Cosemans JMEM, Heemskerk JWM. Monitoring in vitro thrombus formation with novel microfluidic devices. Platelets 2012; 23:501-9. [PMID: 22873212 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.709653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality globally and is subject to ongoing research to improve clinical treatment. It is established that activation of platelets and coagulation are central to thrombosis, yet at different extents in the arterial and venous system. In vitro perfusion chamber technology has contributed significant knowledge on the function of platelets in the thrombotic process under shear conditions. Recent efforts to downscale this technique with a variety of microfluidic devices has opened new possibilities to study this process under precisely controlled flow conditions. Such microfluidic devices possess the capability to execute platelet function tests more quickly than current assays, while using small blood samples. Gradually becoming available to the clinic now, they may provide a new means to manage the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, although accurate validation studies still are missing. This review highlights the progress that has been made in monitoring aspects of thrombus formation using microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Westein
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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McKinnon TAJ, Nowak AA, Cutler J, Riddell AF, Laffan MA, Millar CM. Characterisation of von Willebrand factor A1 domain mutants I1416N and I1416T: correlation of clinical phenotype with flow-based platelet adhesion. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1409-16. [PMID: 22537243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2M von Willebrand disease (VWD) results from mutations in the A1 domain of von Willebrand factor (VWF) that reduce its platelet-binding function. However, currently employed VWF functional static assays may not distinguish between clinical phenotype. METHODS Fifteen individuals from five kindreds with VWF-A1 domain mutations I1416T or I1416N, correlated with mild and moderate clinical phenotypes, respectively, were investigated. The mutations were reproduced by site-directed mutagenesis and expressed in HEK293T cells; functional studies of the recombinant mutants, including GPIbα binding using a flow-based assay, were performed. RESULTS Plasma from all individuals demonstrated discordant reductions in VWF antigen and platelet-binding function in the presence of high-molecular-weight VWF multimers consistent with VWD type 2M. There was lowered expression and secretion of both mutants compared with wild type (WT) recombinant (r)VWF as well as a significant reduction in GPIbα binding. Binding to collagen was normal and electrophoretic analysis demonstrated a similar multimer distribution between the mutant proteins and wt-rVWF. GPIbα binding under flow was also significantly reduced for I1416N and I1416T rVWF. Impairment of GPIbα binding was more marked for I1416N rVWF than I1416T under both static and flow conditions: this was in spite of similar VWF:Ristocetin cofactor (RCo) activities in patient plasma and is consistent with a respective clinical phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have established for the first time that I1416N and I1416T are responsible for a type 2M VWD phenotype and demonstrate that quantification of VWF function under shear stress may provide a more accurate measure of clinical severity than the static functional measurements in current diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A J McKinnon
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London Haemostasis and Thrombosis Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Roest M, Reininger A, Zwaginga JJ, King MR, Heemskerk JWM. Flow chamber-based assays to measure thrombus formation in vitro: requirements for standardization. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:2322-4. [PMID: 22947397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Roest
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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34
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O'Brien S, Kent NJ, Lucitt M, Ricco AJ, McAtamney C, Kenny D, Meade G. Effective hydrodynamic shaping of sample streams in a microfluidic parallel-plate flow-assay device: matching whole blood dynamic viscosity. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 59:374-82. [PMID: 22020664 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2172607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of an aqueous buffer system tailored to the fluidic and hemodynamic requirements of our recently reported microfluidic platelet dynamic assay device, which uses hydrodynamic focusing to "shape" a blood sample into a thin flowing layer adjacent to its protein-functionalized surface. By matching the dynamic viscosity of whole blood (3.13 ± 0.08 mPa·s, from healthy donors), the selected buffer minimizes interfacial fluid mixing and better controls shear rate within the device, permitting platelet/protein-surface interaction assays with as little as 50 μL of whole blood. Buffers containing the viscosity-enhancing components bovine serum albumin (BSA), gelofusine/glycine, or histopaque (Ficoll gradient solution) were found not to activate platelets when incubated with blood at concentrations up to 50%, as assessed by flow cytometry quantitation of P-selectin expression and αIIbβ (3) activation. In contrast, glycerol-based buffer activated platelets (two-fold increase in P-selectin levels) at concentrations as low as 10% by volume. BSA- and gelofusine/glycine-based buffers were problematic in preparation and use, and therefore, were not used beyond initial characterization. The histopaque solution selected as the best choice for flow studies stabilizes sample contact with the device's thrombogenic surface, does not activate platelets, and does not interfere with the action of agonists added to deliberately activate platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead O'Brien
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Heemskerk JWM, Sakariassen KS, Zwaginga JJ, Brass LF, Jackson SP, Farndale RW. Collagen surfaces to measure thrombus formation under flow: possibilities for standardization. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:856-8. [PMID: 21595091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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36
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Para A, Bark D, Lin A, Ku D. Rapid Platelet Accumulation Leading to Thrombotic Occlusion. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:1961-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Lincoln B, Ricco AJ, Kent NJ, Basabe-Desmonts L, Lee LP, MacCraith BD, Kenny D, Meade G. Integrated system investigating shear-mediated platelet interactions with von Willebrand factor using microliters of whole blood. Anal Biochem 2010; 405:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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38
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Microfluidic device to study arterial shear-mediated platelet-surface interactions in whole blood: reduced sample volumes and well-characterised protein surfaces. Biomed Microdevices 2010; 12:987-1000. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-010-9453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Sarvepalli DP, Schmidtke DW, Nollert MU. Design Considerations for a Microfluidic Device to Quantify the Platelet Adhesion to Collagen at Physiological Shear Rates. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 37:1331-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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Frojmovic MM. From In vitro Blood Rheology to Useful Bedside Instrumentation for Cardiovascular Diseases: History and Challenges. Ann Biomed Eng 2008; 36:528-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-008-9466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Zwaginga JJ, Sakariassen KS, King MR, Diacovo TG, Grabowski EF, Nash G, Hoylaerts M, Heemskerk JWM. Can blood flow assays help to identify clinically relevant differences in von Willebrand factor functionality in von Willebrand disease types 1-3? J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:2547-9. [PMID: 17944987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Zwaginga
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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42
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Sakariassen KS. Thrombus formation on apex of arterial stenoses: the need for a fluid high shear stenosis diagnostic device. Future Cardiol 2007; 3:193-201. [DOI: 10.2217/14796678.3.2.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused upon the studies of thrombus formation in human non-anticoagulated blood on an apex of an eccentric stenosis positioned in the blood flow channel of a parallel-plate perfusion chamber. Thrombus formation in blood from healthy individuals and patients with various bleeding disorders, as well as the effects of a diet supplement and pharmacological interventions, are discussed in view of thrombus-forming mechanisms under these complex blood-flow conditions. Hallmarks of this significantly enhanced thrombus formation are the apparent dependence on thrombin generation, shear-induced platelet activation, induction of platelet procoagulant activity and pronounced platelet microparticle formation that parallel the growth of these fibrin-rich thrombi. The development of miniature models of these blood-flow devices for diagnostic purposes is suggested for the assessment and monitoring of the efficacy of antithrombotic regimens in blood from patients with atherosclerotic disease in parallel with assessments of platelet microparticle formation, shear-induced platelet activation and platelet procoagulant activity.
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Sakariassen KS. Blood flow devices in medical research and clinical testing in humans: are we approaching personalized medicine? Future Cardiol 2007; 3:71-90. [DOI: 10.2217/14796678.3.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on studies of blood flow devices employed in man to unravel the mechanisms of bleeding and thrombotic disorders, and on the characterization of novel experimental antithrombotic entities and drug candidates in biopharmaceutical research and development. Clinical studies with drug candidates and new therapeutic strategies have also been performed, and the predictability of these experimental approaches to clinical situations is excellent. Based on the solid validation of these flow devices, miniature flow devices employing nonanticoagulated blood drawn directly from an antecubital vein should be developed for diagnostic purposes. It is anticipated that such a diagnostic flow device could develop into a personalized medicine approach.
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44
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Zwaginga JJ, Sakariassen KS, Nash G, King MR, Heemskerk JW, Frojmovic M, Hoylaerts MF. Flow-based assays for global assessment of hemostasis. Part 2: current methods and considerations for the future. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:2716-7. [PMID: 16938128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Zwaginga
- Department of Experimental Immunohaematology Sanquin Research Amsterdam, and Immunohaematology Bloodtransfusion, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
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