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Sun R, Jia J, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang C, Xu Y, Yuan Y. Mediation effect of antithrombin III between chronic renal insufficiency and chronic coronary artery disease in T2DM patients. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-023-03669-0. [PMID: 38190026 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the potential effect of Antithrombin III (ATIII) between chronic renal insufficiency and chronic coronary artery disease (chronic CAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS T2DM patients hospitalized in ZhongDa Hospital from 2013 to 2018 were enrolled. Relationships between renal function, ATIII, and chronic CAD risk were explored using multivariate regression models. Multiplicative and additive interactions were investigated between ATIII and renal function for CAD risk, and the role of ATIII was determined by bootstrap mediation analysis in patients with chronic renal dysfunction. RESULTS A total of 4197 patients were included in the study, with a chronic CAD prevalence of 23.02%. Low ATIII level was statistically associated with chronic renal insufficiency and elevated CAD risk even after adjustments (P < 0.05). A positive correlation between renal function and ATIII was demonstrated, and each 1 SD increase in renal function, ATIII increased by 2.947% (2.406-3.488%, P < 0.001) and 0.969% (0.297-1.642%, P < 0.001) in crude and adjusted models respectively. Patients with decreased renal function and ATIII were at the highest chronic CAD risk (OR = 1.51, 95%CI:1.15-1.98, P < 0.05), while no multiplicative and additive interaction effects were significant. Bootstrap mediation analysis estimated that ATIII mediated approximately 4.27% of the effect of chronic renal insufficiency on chronic CAD risk. CONCLUSION ATIII may serve as a mediator between chronic renal insufficiency and chronic CAD, providing mechanistic clues for renal-heart association and new insight into clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianhong Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Siyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suqian, 223700, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Gansu Province Maternal and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Antithrombin protects against Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II-mediated inflammation and coagulation. Blood Adv 2021; 6:931-945. [PMID: 34768285 PMCID: PMC8945290 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)-derived histidine-rich protein II (HRPII) has been shown to inhibit heparin-dependent anticoagulant activity of antithrombin (AT) and induce inflammation in vitro and in vivo. In a recent study, we showed that HRPII interacts with the AT-binding vascular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to not only disrupt the barrier-permeability function of endothelial cells but also inhibit the anti-inflammatory signaling function of AT. Here we investigated the mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory function of HRPII and the protective activity of AT in cellular and animal models. We found that AT competitively inhibits the GAG-dependent HRPII-mediated activation of NF-κB and expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) in endothelial cells. Furthermore, AT inhibits HRPII-mediated histone H3 citrullination and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in HL60 cells and freshly isolated human neutrophils. In vivo, HRPII induced Mac1 expression on blood neutrophils, MPO release in plasma, neutrophil infiltration and histone H3 citrullination in the lung tissues. HRPII also induced endothelial cell activation as measured by increased ICAM1 expression and elevated vascular permeability in the lungs. AT effectively inhibited HRPII-mediated neutrophil infiltration, NET formation and endothelial cell activation in vivo. AT also inhibited HRPII-meditated deposition of platelets and fibrin(ogen) in the lungs and circulating level of von Willebrand factor in the plasma. We conclude that AT exerts protective effects against pathogenic effects of Pf-derived HRPII in both cellular and animal models.
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Biswas I, Panicker SR, Cai XS, Giri H, Rezaie AR. Extracellular Histones Bind Vascular Glycosaminoglycans and Inhibit the Anti-Inflammatory Function of Antithrombin. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 55:605-617. [PMID: 34655467 DOI: 10.33594/000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Binding of histones to molecular pattern recognition receptors on endothelial cells and leukocytes provokes proinflammatory responses and promotes activation of coagulation. Histones also bind therapeutic heparins, thereby neutralizing their anticoagulant functions. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that histones can interact with the antithrombin (AT)-binding vascular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to induce inflammation and inhibit the anti-inflammatory function of AT. METHODS We evaluated the heparin-binding function of histones by an AT-dependent protease-inhibition assay. Furthermore, we treated endothelial cells with histones in the absence and presence of AT and monitored cellular phenotypes employing established signaling assays. RESULTS Histones neutralized AT-dependent anticoagulant function of heparin in both purified protease-inhibition and plasma-based assays. Histones also disrupted endothelial cell barrier-permeability function by a GAG-dependent mechanism as evidenced by the GAG-antagonist, surfen, abrogating their disruptive effects. Further studies revealed histones and AT compete for overlapping binding-sites on GAGs, thus increasing concentrations of one protein abrogated effects of the other. Histones elicited proapoptotic effects by inducing nuclear localization of PKC-δ in endothelial cells and barrier-disruptive effects by destabilizing VE-cadherin, which were inhibited by AT, but not by a D-helix mutant of AT incapable of interacting with GAGs. Finally, histones induced release of Weibel-Palade body contents, VWF and angiopoietin-2, and promoted expression of cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, which were all downregulated by AT but not by D-helix mutant of AT. CONCLUSION We conclude that histones and AT compete for overlapping binding sites on vascular GAGs to modulate coagulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Biswas
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sumith R Panicker
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xiaofeng S Cai
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hemant Giri
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA, .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Rezaie AR, Giri H. Anticoagulant and signaling functions of antithrombin. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3142-3153. [PMID: 32780936 PMCID: PMC7855051 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a major plasma glycoprotein of the serpin superfamily that regulates the proteolytic activity of the procoagulant proteases of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Two important structural features that participate in the regulatory function of AT include a mobile reactive center loop that binds to active site of coagulation proteases, trapping them in the form of inactive covalent complexes, and a basic D-helix that binds to therapeutic heparins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on vascular endothelial cells. The binding of D-helix of AT by therapeutic heparins promotes the reactivity of the serpin with coagulation proteases by several orders of magnitude by both a conformational activation of the serpin and a template (bridging) mechanism. In addition to its essential anticoagulant function, AT elicits a potent anti-inflammatory signaling response when it binds to distinct vascular endothelial cell HSPGs, thereby inducing prostacyclin synthesis. Syndecans-4 has been found as a specific membrane-bound HSPG receptor on endothelial cells that relays the signaling effect of AT to the relevant second messenger molecules in the signal transduction pathways inside the cell. However, following cleavage by coagulation proteases and/or by spontaneous conversion to a latent form, AT loses both its anti-inflammatory activity and high-affinity interaction with heparin and HSPGs. Interestingly, these low-affinity heparin conformers of AT elicit potent proapoptotic and antiangiogenic activities by also binding to specific HSPGs by unknown mechanisms. This review article will summarize current knowledge about mechanisms through which different conformers of AT exert their serine protease inhibitory and intracellular signaling functions in these biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza R. Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Hemant Giri
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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Fredenburgh JC. His-rich materials: Elucidating the role of histidine-rich protein II in inflammation in malaria. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:1271-1273. [PMID: 32496019 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
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Dinarvand P, Yang L, Biswas I, Giri H, Rezaie AR. Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein HRPII inhibits the anti-inflammatory function of antithrombin. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:1473-1483. [PMID: 31858717 PMCID: PMC7274886 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that histidine-rich protein II (HRPII), secreted by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), inhibits the heparin-dependent anticoagulant activity of antithrombin (AT) in vitro and in plasma-based assay systems. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that HRPII may also interact with the AT-binding vascular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), thereby inhibiting the anti-inflammatory signaling function of the serpin. METHODS We expressed HRPII in bacteria, purified it to homogeneity and studied its effect on endothelial cell signaling in the absence and presence of AT employing established signaling assays. RESULTS We demonstrate that a low concentration of HRPII potently disrupts the barrier permeability function of endothelial cells. Moreover, HRPII competitively inhibits the protective effect of AT by a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, AT inhibits the pro-inflammatory activity of HRPII by a concentration-dependent manner. The siRNA knockdown of 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 (3-OST-1), the enzyme responsible for the essential 3-O-sulfation of the AT-binding GAGs, downregulates the pro-inflammatory function of HRPII in endothelial cells, supporting the hypothesis that HRPII competitively inhibits the interaction of AT with 3-OS containing vascular GAGs. Histidine-rich protein II elicits its barrier-disruptive effect by the Src-dependent phosphorylation of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and AT counteracts this effect. We further demonstrate that inorganic polyphosphates bind HRPII with a high affinity to amplify the pro-inflammatory signaling function of HRPII in both cellular and in vivo permeability models. CONCLUSION We postulate that Pf-derived HRPII and polyphosphate can contribute to the pathogenesis of malaria infection by downregulating the AT-dependent anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Dinarvand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis
| | - Likui Yang
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Indranil Biswas
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Hemant Giri
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Alireza R. Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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Lu Y, Villoutreix BO, Biswas I, Ding Q, Wang X, Rezaie AR. Thr90Ser Mutation in Antithrombin is Associated with Recurrent Thrombosis in a Heterozygous Carrier. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1045-1055. [PMID: 32422680 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a serine protease inhibitor that regulates the activity of coagulation proteases of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. We identified an AT-deficient patient with a heterozygous Thr90Ser (T90S) mutation who experiences recurrent venous thrombosis. To understand the molecular basis of the clotting defect, we expressed AT-T90S in mammalian cells, purified it to homogeneity, and characterized its properties in established kinetics, binding, and coagulation assays. The possible effect of mutation on the AT structure was also evaluated by molecular modeling. Results demonstrate the inhibitory activity of AT-T90S toward thrombin and factor Xa has been impaired three- to fivefold in both the absence and presence of heparin. The affinity of heparin for AT-T90S has been decreased by four- to fivefold. Kinetic analysis revealed the stoichiometry of AT-T90S inhibition of both thrombin and factor Xa has been elevated by three- to fourfold in both the absence and presence of heparin, suggesting that the reactivity of coagulation proteases with AT-T90S has been elevated in the substrate pathway. The anticoagulant activity of AT-T90S has been significantly impaired as analyzed in the AT-deficient plasma supplemented with AT-T90S. The anti-inflammatory effect of AT-T90S was also decreased. Structural analysis predicts the shorter side-chain of Ser in AT-T90S has a destabilizing effect on the structure of AT and/or the AT-protease complex, possibly increasing the size of an internal cavity and altering a hydrogen-bonding network that modulates conformations of the allosterically linked heparin-binding site and reactive center loop of the serpin. This mutational effect increases the reactivity of AT-T90S with coagulation proteases in the substrate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeling Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Bruno O Villoutreix
- Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Indranil Biswas
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Qiulan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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Panicker SR, Biswas I, Giri H, Cai X, Rezaie AR. PKC (Protein Kinase C)-δ Modulates AT (Antithrombin) Signaling in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1748-1762. [PMID: 32404004 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Native and latent conformers of AT (antithrombin) induce anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic signaling activities, respectively, in vascular endothelial cells by unknown mechanisms. Synd-4 (syndecan-4) has been identified as a receptor that is involved in transmitting signaling activities of AT in endothelial cells. Approach and Results: In this study, we used flow cytometry, signaling assays, immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to investigate the mechanism of the paradoxical signaling activities of high-affinity heparin (native) and low-affinity heparin (latent) conformers of AT in endothelial cells. We discovered that native AT binds to glycosaminoglycans on vascular endothelial cells via its heparin-binding D-helix to induce anti-inflammatory signaling responses by recruiting PKC (protein kinase C)-δ to the plasma membrane and promoting phosphorylation of the Synd-4 cytoplasmic domain at Ser179. By contrast, the binding of latent AT to endothelial cells to a site(s), which is not competed by the native AT, induces a proapoptotic effect by localizing PKC-δ to the perinuclear/nuclear compartment in endothelial cells. Overexpression of a dominant-negative form of PKC-δ resulted in inhibition of anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic signaling activities of both native and latent AT. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the native and latent conformers of AT may exert their distinct intracellular signaling effects through differentially modulating the subcellular localization of PKC-δ in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumith R Panicker
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (S.R.P., I.B., H.G., X.C., A.R.R.)
| | - Indranil Biswas
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (S.R.P., I.B., H.G., X.C., A.R.R.)
| | - Hemant Giri
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (S.R.P., I.B., H.G., X.C., A.R.R.)
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (S.R.P., I.B., H.G., X.C., A.R.R.)
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (S.R.P., I.B., H.G., X.C., A.R.R.).,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (A.R.R.)
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Rezaie AR, Giri H. Antithrombin: An anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial serpin. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:528-533. [PMID: 32112532 PMCID: PMC7080319 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza R. Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Hemant Giri
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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Jia Z, Zhao C, Wang M, Zhao X, Zhang W, Han T, Xia Q, Han Z, Lin R, Li X. Hepatotoxicity assessment of Rhizoma Paridis in adult zebrafish through proteomes and metabolome. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Dinarvand P, Yang L, Villoutreix BO, Rezaie AR. Expression and functional characterization of two natural heparin-binding site variants of antithrombin. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:330-341. [PMID: 29215785 PMCID: PMC5809256 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Heparin-binding site (HBS) variants of antithrombin (AT) are associated with thrombosis risk. HSB variants have, in general, normal progressive inhibitory activity but reduced heparin affinity. Thrombosis in HSB carriers has been primarily attributed to the loss of heparin cofactor activity. Results here demonstrate that HSB variants of AT also lack anti-inflammatory signaling functions. SUMMARY Background Several heparin-binding site (HBS) variants of antithrombin (AT) have been identified that predispose carriers to a higher incidence of thrombosis. Thrombosis in carriers of HBS variants has been primarily attributed to a loss in their heparin-dependent anticoagulant function. Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether HSB mutations affect the anti-inflammatory functions of variants. Methods Two HBS variants of AT (AT-I7N and AT-L99F), which are known to be associated with a higher incidence of thrombosis, were expressed in mammalian cells and purified to homogeneity. These variants were characterized by kinetic assays followed by analysis of their activities in established cellular and/or in vivo inflammatory models. The possible effects of mutations on AT structure were also evaluated by molecular modeling. Results The results indicated that, whereas progressive inhibitory activities of variants were minimally affected, their heparin affinity and inhibitory activity in the presence of heparin were markedly decreased. Unlike wild-type AT, neither AT variant was capable of inhibiting activation of nuclear factor-κB or downregulation of expression of cell adhesion molecules in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Similarly, neither variant elicited barrier protective activity in response to LPS. Structural analysis suggested that the L99F substitution locally destabilizes AT structure. Conclusions It is concluded that the L99F mutation of AT is associated with destabilization of the serpin structure, and that the loss of anti-inflammatory signaling function of the HBS variants may also contribute to enhanced thrombosis in carriers of HBS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Dinarvand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis
| | - Likui Yang
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
| | - Bruno O. Villoutreix
- Inserm U973, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, Paris, France
| | - Alireza R. Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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Kevane B, Egan K, Allen S, Maguire P, Neary E, Lennon Á, Ní Áinle F. Endothelial barrier protective properties of low molecular weight heparin: A novel potential tool in the prevention of cancer metastasis? Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2017; 1:23-32. [PMID: 30046671 PMCID: PMC5974908 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the key events in the progression of cancer metastasis is the trans-endothelial migration of circulating tumor cells. Moreover, inhibition of tumor-induced vascular permeability has been shown to inhibit metastasis in vivo. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) appears to confer a survival benefit in cancer but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To characterise LMWH-mediated endothelial barrier protection and to explore strategies to limit the LMWH-associated haemorrhagic risk in this setting. METHODS Endothelial barrier function was assessed using in vitro assays of endothelial permeability and tumor cell trans-endothelial migration. Thrombin-mediated activation of PAR-1 signalling was assessed by flow cytometry and western blotting. LMWH anticoagulant activity was assessed by calibrated automated thrombography and plasma anti-factor Xa activity assay. RESULTS LMWH tinzaparin enhanced endothelial barrier function and reduced tumor cell trans-endothelial migration (73.9±5.7% of baseline; P<.05). Tinzaparin-mediated attenuation of thrombin-induced permeability was not mediated through an inhibition of thrombin proteolytic activity. In addition, fractions of LMWH with diminished anticoagulant activity retained endothelial barrier protective properties and a marked synergistic effect on barrier function was observed using combinations of sub-anticoagulant concentrations of tinzaparin with simvastatin (which exhibits endothelial barrier protective properties in vitro), with almost complete protection against agonist-induced endothelial barrier permeability achieved (7.9±0.2% of baseline; P<.05). CONCLUSION Collectively, these results suggest that LMWH supports endothelial barrier function in a manner which does not appear to be dependent on its anticoagulant activity. If replicated in vivo, these findings could represent a novel therapeutic approach to the suppression of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Kevane
- School of Medicine & Medical ScienceUniversity College Dublin (UCD)DublinIreland
- SPHERE Research GroupUCD Conway InstituteDublinIreland
- Department of HaematologyRotunda HospitalDublinIreland
- Department of HaematologyMater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Karl Egan
- School of Medicine & Medical ScienceUniversity College Dublin (UCD)DublinIreland
- SPHERE Research GroupUCD Conway InstituteDublinIreland
| | - Seamus Allen
- School of Medicine & Medical ScienceUniversity College Dublin (UCD)DublinIreland
- SPHERE Research GroupUCD Conway InstituteDublinIreland
| | - Patricia Maguire
- SPHERE Research GroupUCD Conway InstituteDublinIreland
- Department of Biomolecular and Biomedical SciencesUCDDublinIreland
| | - Elaine Neary
- Department of NeonatologyRotunda HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Áine Lennon
- Department of HaematologyMater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Fionnuala Ní Áinle
- School of Medicine & Medical ScienceUniversity College Dublin (UCD)DublinIreland
- SPHERE Research GroupUCD Conway InstituteDublinIreland
- Department of HaematologyRotunda HospitalDublinIreland
- Department of HaematologyMater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
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Ma Y, Wang J, Gao J, Yang H, Wang Y, Manithody C, Li J, Rezaie AR. Antithrombin up-regulates AMP-activated protein kinase signalling during myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Thromb Haemost 2015; 113:338-49. [PMID: 25230600 PMCID: PMC4308562 DOI: 10.1160/th14-04-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a protein of the serpin superfamily involved in regulation of the proteolytic activity of the serine proteases of the coagulation system. AT is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties when it binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on vascular cells. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important cardioprotective role during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R). To determine whether the cardioprotective signaling function of AT is mediated through the AMPK pathway, we evaluated the cardioprotective activities of wild-type AT and its two derivatives, one having high affinity and the other no affinity for heparin, in an acute I/R injury model in C57BL/6J mice in which the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded. The serpin derivatives were given 5 minutes before reperfusion. The results showed that AT-WT can activate AMPK in both in vivo and ex vivo conditions. Blocking AMPK activity abolished the cardioprotective function of AT against I/R injury. The AT derivative having high affinity for heparin was more effective in activating AMPK and in limiting infraction, but the derivative lacking affinity for heparin was inactive in eliciting AMPK-dependent cardioprotective activity. Activation of AMPK by AT inhibited the inflammatory c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway during I/R. Further studies revealed that the AMPK activity induced by AT also modulates cardiac substrate metabolism by increasing glucose oxidation but inhibiting fatty acid oxidation during I/R. These results suggest that AT binds to HSPGs on heart tissues to invoke a cardioprotective function by triggering cardiac AMPK activation, thereby attenuating JNK inflammatory signalling pathways and modulating substrate metabolism during I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ji Li
- Ji Li, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA, Tel.: +1 716 829 5711, Fax: +1 716 829 2801, E-mail:
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- Alireza R. Rezaie, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA, Tel.: +1 314 977 9240, Fax: +1 314 977 9205, E-mail:
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Yang L, Dinarvand P, Qureshi SH, Rezaie AR. Engineering D-helix of antithrombin in alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor confers antiinflammatory properties on the chimeric serpin. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:164-75. [PMID: 24522239 PMCID: PMC4087087 DOI: 10.1160/th13-12-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a heparin-binding serpin in plasma which regulates the proteolytic activity of procoagulant proteases of the clotting cascade. In addition to being an anticoagulant, AT also exhibits antiinflammatory activities when it binds to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the endothelium via its basic residues of D-helix to elicit intracellular signalling responses. By contrast to AT, α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) is a non-heparin-binding serpin that exhibits very slow reactivity with coagulation proteases and possesses no HSPG-dependent antiinflammatory properties. To determine whether the antiinflammatory signaling specificity of AT can be transferred to α1-PI, we replaced the D-helix of human α1-PI with the corresponding sequence of human AT and expressed the chimeric serpin α1-PI/D-helix) in a bacterial expression system. High molecular weight heparin bound to α1-PI/D-helix and accelerated the inhibition of thrombin by the serpin mutant by a template mechanism reminiscent of the cofactor effect of heparin on inhibition of thrombin by AT. Like AT, α1-PI/D-helix exhibited antiinflammatory properties in both cellular and animal models. Thus, α1-PI/D-helix inhibited the barrier-disruptive effect of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB transcription factor in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated endothelial cells by a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the chimeric serpin reduced lipopolysaccharide-mediated lethality, elicited a vascular protective effect and inhibited infiltration of activated leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity of mice in an HMGB1-mediated inflammatory model. These results suggest that grafting the D-helix of AT to α1-PI confers antiinflammatory properties on the serpin and that the chimeric serpin may have therapeutic utility for treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A R Rezaie
- Alireza R. Rezaie, PhD, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA, Tel.: +1 314 977 9240, Fax: +1 314 977 9205 , E-mail:
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Wang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Gao J, Tong C, Manithody C, Li J, Rezaie AR. Antithrombin is protective against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1020-8. [PMID: 23582062 PMCID: PMC3702629 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antithrombin (AT) is a plasma serpin inhibitor that regulates the proteolytic activity of procoagulant proteases of the clotting cascade. In addition to its anticoagulant activity, AT also possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of wild-type AT (AT-WT) and a reactive centre loop mutant of AT (AT-RCL) which is not capable of inhibiting thrombin. METHODS The cardioprotective activities of AT-WT and AT-RCL were monitored in a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in which the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded and then released. RESULTS We demonstrate that AT markedly reduces myocardial infarct size by a mechanism that is independent of its anticoagulant activity. Thus, AT-RCL attenuated myocardial infarct size to the same extent as AT-WT in this acute injury model. Further studies revealed that AT binds to vascular heparan sulfate proteoglycans via its heparin-binding domain to exert its protective activity as evidenced by the therapeutic AT-binding pentasaccharide (fondaparinux) abrogating the cardioprotective activity of AT and a heparin-site mutant of AT exhibiting no cardioprotective property. We further demonstrate that AT up-regulates the production of prostacyclin in myocardial tissues and inhibits expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in vivo by attenuating ischemia/reperfusion-induced JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that both AT and the non-anticoagulant AT-RCL, through their anti-inflammatory signaling effects, elicit potent cardioprotective responses. Thus, AT may have therapeutic potential for treating cardiac I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jinli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Chandrashekhara Manithody
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Alireza R. Rezaie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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Guerrero JA, Teruel R, Martínez C, Arcas I, Martínez-Martínez I, de la Morena-Barrio ME, Vicente V, Corral J. Protective role of antithrombin in mouse models of liver injury. J Hepatol 2012; 57:980-6. [PMID: 22749941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Coagulopathy caused by an imbalance of hemostatic factors is associated with the pathophysiology of liver disease. We have investigated the role of antithrombin (AT), a key anticoagulant serpin, in the onset of liver disease. METHODS Liver injury was induced by CCl(4) injection and bile duct ligation (BDL) in wild type (WT) and AT-deficient (AT(+/-)) mice. Twenty-four hours after CCl(4) treatment, aspartate-transaminase, alanine-transaminase, liver lesion size, leukocyte infiltration, and apoptosis were reduced in WT animals compared to AT(+/-) mice. RESULTS Administration of exogenous AT in AT(+/-) animals did not restore the values observed in WT mice, suggesting that intrahepatic AT might also offer protection against CCl(4). In the BDL model, increased liver injury was also evident in AT(+/-) compared to WT mice. An 85 kDa covalent complex involving AT was identified in immunoblottings of liver lysates from CCl(4)-treated animals. This complex was also present in anoikis hepatocytes and H(2)O(2)-treated HepG2 cells, suggesting a role for AT in apoptosis. Expression of recombinant WT-AT by HEK-EBNA cells increased cell survival while expression of AT mutants, ΔR393 and R47C, did not modify viability. Finally, plasma anti-FXa activity was attenuated by liver injury, with AT(+/-) animals showing a greater reduction than WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a protective role of AT against liver injury due to its recognized anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory action. AT may also act via a previously unrecognized antiapoptotic effect. The clinical implications of AT deficiency in patients with liver disease should be further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Guerrero
- Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum University of Murcia, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
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Dorling A. Transplant accommodation--are the lessons learned from xenotransplantation pertinent for clinical allotransplantation? Am J Transplant 2012; 12:545-53. [PMID: 22050724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
"Accommodation" refers to a vascularized transplant that has acquired resistance to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). The term was coined in 1990, but the phenomenon was first described after clinical ABO-incompatible (ABOi) renal transplantation in the 1980s and is recognized as a common outcome in this context today. Because of the absence, until recently of reliable animal models of allograft accommodation, it has been studied extensively by investigators in the xenotransplantation field. With recent advances in the ability to recognize and diagnose AMR in human organs, the growth of desensitization programmes for transplantation into sensitized recipients and the availability of therapies that have the potential to promote accommodation, it is timely to review the literature in this area, identifying lessons that may inform preclinical and clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dorling
- Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation & Innate Immunity Section, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
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Kim TH, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of antithrombin on the expression of secretory group IIA phospholipase A2 in endothelial cells. BMB Rep 2010; 43:604-8. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2010.43.9.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Albini A, Indraccolo S, Noonan DM, Pfeffer U. Functional genomics of endothelial cells treated with anti-angiogenic or angiopreventive drugs. Clin Exp Metastasis 2010; 27:419-39. [PMID: 20383568 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a highly regulated physiological process that has been studied in considerable detail given its importance in several chronic pathologies. Many endogenous factors and hormones intervene in the regulation of angiogensis and classical as well as targeted drugs have been developed for its control. Angiogenesis inhibition has come off the bench and entered into clinical application for cancer therapy, particularly for metastatic disease. While the clinical benefit is currently in terms of months, preclinical data suggest that novel drugs and drug combinations could lead to substantial improvement. The many targets of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors reflect the complexity of the process; in contrast, current clinical therapies mainly target the vascular endothelial growth factor system. Cancer chemopreventive compounds can retard tumor insurgence and delay or prevent metastasis and many of these molecules hinder angiogenesis, a mechanism that we termed angioprevention. Angiopreventive drugs appear to prevalently act through the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic player NFkappaB, thus contrasting inflammation dependent angiogenesis. Relatively little is known concerning the effects of these angiogenesis inhibitors on gene expression of endothelial cells, the main target of many of these molecules. Here we provide an exhaustive list of anti-angiogenic molecules, and summarize their effects, where known, on the transcriptome and functional genomics of endothelial cells. The regulation of specific genes can be crucial to preventive or therapeutic intervention. Further, novel targets might help to circumvent resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. The studies we review are relevant not only to cancer but also to other chronic degenerative diseases involving endothelial cells, such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and retinopaties, as well as vessel aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Albini
- MultiMedica Castellanza (VA) and Oncology Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
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