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Silva ORE, Ribeiro L, Jesus VLTD, McIntosh D, Silenciato LN, Ferreira JE, Mello MRBD. Identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in preputial washes of bulls in Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e005322. [PMID: 35792757 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The parabasalid Pentatrichomonas hominis is generally considered to represent a symbiotic component of the gastrointestinal microbiota in a wide variety of vertebrate hosts including humans. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies have raised the possibility that it may act as a pathogen of humans, dogs, and pigs and that some human infections may have a zoonotic origin. Data from North America revealed an association between P. hominis and the bovine urogenital tract, principally in bulls and rarely in cows. The importance of this observation is linked to possible interference in the accurate diagnosis of the economically important venereal pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus. The current study employed culture-based and molecular methods to examine the preputial cavities of four breeding bulls, raised in open pasture in southeastern Brazil, for the presence of trichomonads. Motile protozoa were isolated from three of the bulls and were definitively identified as P. hominis based on nucleotide sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons derived from the ribosomal RNA operon (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2) of the parasite. The potential implications of these findings for bovine and human health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávia Reis E Silva
- Laboratório de Doenças da Reprodução, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Doenças da Reprodução, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vera Lucia Teixeira de Jesus
- Laboratório de Doenças da Reprodução, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Douglas McIntosh
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal - DPA, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lara Nogueira Silenciato
- Departamento de Reprodução e Avaliação Animal - DRAA, Instituto de Zootecnia - IZ, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Marco Roberto Bourg de Mello
- Departamento de Reprodução e Avaliação Animal - DRAA, Instituto de Zootecnia - IZ, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
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Céza V, Kotyk M, Kubánková A, Yubuki N, Šťáhlavský F, Silberman JD, Čepička I. Free-living Trichomonads are Unexpectedly Diverse. Protist 2022; 173:125883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Tritrichomonas foetus is a venereal trichomonad parasite which causes reproductive issues in cattle. No other trichomonads are known to be urogenital pathogens in cattle, but there are several reports of Tetratrichomonas and Pentatrichomonas isolates of unclear origin from the cattle urogenital tract (UGT) in the Americas. This study reports the first case of a non-T. foetus cattle urogenital trichomonad isolate in Europe. Molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1-5.8S ribosomal RNA-ITS 2 and 18S ribosomal RNA loci suggest that the isolate is a Tetratrichomonas species from a lineage containing other previously described bull preputial isolates. We identified close sequence similarity between published urogenital and gastrointestinal Tetratrichomonas spp., and this is reviewed alongside further evidence regarding the gastrointestinal origin of non-T. foetus isolates. Routine screening for T. foetus is based on culture and identification by microscopy, and so considering other trichomonad parasites of the bovine UGT is important to avoid misdiagnosis.
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Mahittikorn A, Udonsom R, Koompapong K, Chiabchalard R, Sutthikornchai C, Sreepian PM, Mori H, Popruk S. Molecular identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in animals in central and western Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:203. [PMID: 34078384 PMCID: PMC8173913 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentatrichomonas hominis inhabits the digestive tracts of several vertebrates, such as humans, monkeys, pigs, dogs, cats and rats. This protozoan was originally considered a commensal of the digestive tract but has subsequently been identified as a potential zoonotic parasite and a causative agent of diarrhoea. Molecular techniques are considered more sensitive and specific to detect P. hominis. This study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of P. hominis in animals in Thailand. A total of 403 faecal samples were collected from 119 cats, 55 dogs, 73 goats, 35 monkeys, 55 cattle and 66 pigs, and the presence of P. hominis was determined using the nested polymerase chain reaction method. Sequence analysis of small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes was used to determine the genotype of the organism. RESULTS Twenty-six samples (26/403, 6.45%) were positive for P. hominis. The highest prevalence was found in cats (21/119; 17.65%), followed by cattle (3/55; 5.45%) and dogs (2/55; 3.64%). Seven out of 26 nucleotides demonstrated 100% sequence identity with existing sequences; additionally, 16 novel sequence patterns were identified. All nucleotide sequences of P. hominis-positive samples were shown in the same branch with the previously described P. hominis sequences found in humans, dogs and goat. CONCLUSION This is the first study on P. hominis infections in animals in Thailand. Our findings revealed that the prevalence of P. hominis was significantly higher in cats than in cattle and dogs. Cats were the main reservoir host; however, P. hominis can infect several kinds of animals. Therefore, the proper waste management of animals is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aongart Mahittikorn
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ruenruetai Udonsom
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Khuanchai Koompapong
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rachatawan Chiabchalard
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chantira Sutthikornchai
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Hirotake Mori
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Supaluk Popruk
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Molecular characterization of Trichomonas gypaetinii isolated from the upper alimentary tract of Steller's sea eagles (Haliaeetus pelagicus) and white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Hokkaido, Japan. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2189-2198. [PMID: 33855618 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent phylogenetic and morphologic studies of Trichomonas spp. suggests that there are more than 3 species that infect the upper alimentary tract of wild birds, which include T. gallinae, T. stableri, and T. gypaetinii. In this study, investigations were conducted on the prevalence of trichomonads in the upper alimentary tract of 12 Steller's sea eagles (Haliaeetus pelagicus) and 18 white-tailed sea eagles (H. albicilla). All birds were rescued from the wild and kept at a rehabilitation facility in Hokkaido, Japan, for variable durations and did not show any symptoms of trichomonosis. The ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2 (ITS) genomic region of Trichomonas spp. was detected from 29 samples by PCR, and flagellates were confirmed from 4 samples by culture. Morphologic observations and measurement recordings were conducted under a light microscope on trophozoites obtained from the cultured isolates. Genomic sequences of the ITS, 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), Fe-hydrogenase, and RNA polymerase II largest subunit (Rpb1) regions were determined by direct sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted with previously published sequences of Trichomonas spp. All isolates were concluded as T. gypaetinii based on morphologic and molecular characterizations of the ITS and 18S rRNA genes. This is the first study to isolate T. gypaetinii from Haliaeetus eagles and further provide novel sequences of the Fe-hydrogenase and Rpb1 genes of T. gypaetinii. Both genomic regions also confirmed that T. gypaetinii belong to independent clusters from other Trichomonas spp.
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Prevalence of Tetratrichomonas buttreyi and Pentatrichomonas hominis in yellow cattle, dairy cattle, and water buffalo in China. Parasitol Res 2019; 119:637-647. [PMID: 31823007 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The trichomonad species Tetratrichomonas buttreyi and Pentatrichomonas hominis have been reported in the bovine digestive tract in only a few studies, and the prevalence and pathogenicity of these two protists in cattle herds remain unknown. In this study, the prevalence of T. buttreyi and P. hominis in yellow cattle, dairy cattle, and water buffalo in Anhui Province, China, was determined with a PCR analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. The overall infection rates for T. buttreyi and P. hominis were 8.1% and 5.4%, respectively. Double infections were found in 15 (1.6%) samples from four farms. The prevalence of P. hominis in cattle with abnormal feces was significantly higher than that in cattle with normal feces (χ2 = 13.0, p < 0.01), and the prevalence of T. buttreyi in the northern region of Anhui Province was also significantly higher than that in the mid region (χ2 = 16.6, p < 0.01). Minor allelic variations were detected in the T. buttreyi isolates from cattle in this study, as in other hosts in previous studies. Morphological observations, together with the PCR analysis, demonstrated that the trichomonads isolated in this study were P. hominis. The presence of T. buttreyi and P. hominis indicated that cattle are natural hosts of these two trichomonads and could be a potential source of P. hominis infections in humans and other animal hosts.
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Dąbrowska J, Karamon J, Kochanowski M, Sroka J, Zdybel J, Cencek T. Tritrichomonas Foetus as a Causative Agent of Tritrichomonosis in Different Animal Hosts. J Vet Res 2019; 63:533-541. [PMID: 31934664 PMCID: PMC6950439 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that has been traditionally identified as a cause of reproductive tract disease in cattle and gastrointestinal tract infection in cats. Moreover, T. foetus is also well known as a commensal of the nasal cavity, intestines, and stomach in swine. In this review we describe T. foetus as a pathogen dangerous to more than one animal host, diagnostic and taxonomic aspects of this infection, and the extent to which isolates from different hosts share genetic identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dąbrowska
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Maciej Kochanowski
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jacek Sroka
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zdybel
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cencek
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
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Zhang N, Zhang H, Yu Y, Gong P, Li J, Li Z, Li T, Cong Z, Tian C, Liu X, Yu X, Zhang X. High prevalence of Pentatrichomonas hominis infection in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:423. [PMID: 31462294 PMCID: PMC6714378 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentatrichomonas hominis is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the large intestine of humans. Although several protozoans have been proposed to have a role in cancer progression, little is known about the epidemiology of P. hominis infection in cancer patients. METHODS To determine the prevalence of P. hominis in patients with digestive system malignancies, we collected 195 and 142 fecal samples from gastrointestinal cancer patients and residents without any complaints related to the digestive system, respectively. Each sample was detected for the presence of P. hominis by nested PCR amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and partial 18S rRNA gene. RESULTS A significantly higher prevalence of P. hominis was found in cancer patients than that in the control population (41.54 vs 9.15%, χ2 = 42.84, df = 1, P < 0.001), resulting in a 6.75-fold risk of gastrointestinal cancers (OR: 6.75, 95% CI: 3.55-12.83, P < 0.001). The highest prevalence of P. hominis infection was detected in small intestine cancer patients (60%, OR: 14.88, 95% CI: 0.82-4.58, P = 0.009) followed by liver (57.14%, χ2 = 10.82, df = 1, P = 0.001) and stomach cancer patients (45.1%, χ2 = 31.95, df = 1, P < 0.001). In addition, phylogenetic analysis provided some evidence supporting that human P. hominis infection might derive from animal sources. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first report presenting the high association between P. hominis and gastrointestinal cancers. Nevertheless, whether there is any possible pathological role of P. hominis infection in cancer patients needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- The First Hospital, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Yanhui Yu
- Clinical Lab, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Ziyi Li
- The First Hospital, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Ting Li
- Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130021 China
| | | | | | | | - Xiuyan Yu
- Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
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Oyhenart J. Direct detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in cattle genital fluid trough loop mediated isothermal amplification of elongation factor 1 alpha 1. Vet Parasitol 2018; 261:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Simplicimonas- like DNA in vaginal swabs of cows and heifers cross-reacting in the real-time PCR for T. foetus. Vet Parasitol 2017; 237:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Inoue T, Hayashimoto N, Yasuda M, Sasaki E, Itoh T. Pentatrichomonas hominis in laboratory-bred common marmosets. Exp Anim 2015; 64:363-8. [PMID: 26156572 PMCID: PMC4637372 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.15-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonadid protozoa have been found in the intestinal tracts of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). However, there is little information available on species identification and the pathogenicity of these trichomonads. In this study, we conducted a fecal survey of a common marmoset colony maintained as laboratory animals in Japan and identified the trichomonad species. Screening using a fecal smear examination revealed that 66% (58/88) of the marmosets had trichomonadid trophozoites in their feces. The trichomonads were found in both normal feces (31/49, 63%) and diarrhea (27/39, 69%), with no significant difference in frequency. The protozoa were identified as Pentatrichomonas hominis using morphological characters and the 100% identity of the nucleotide sequence of the partial 18S rRNA gene (297 bp). The intraspecific genetic variability between P. hominis from the marmosets in this study and P. hominis from other reported mammal hosts was ≤1% in the nucleotide sequence, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS-2 (293 bp). P. hominis inhabits the large intestine of various mammalian hosts, including primates, and is considered nonpathogenic. These results suggest that P. hominis is transmitted among marmosets and other mammals but is not a primary cause of bowel disease in marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Inoue
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
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Li W, Li W, Gong P, Zhang C, Yang J, Zhang X, Li J. The prevalence of intestinal trichomonads in Chinese pigs. Vet Parasitol 2015; 211:12-5. [PMID: 25981103 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal infection of pigs with trichomonads, (Tritrichomonas suis, Tetratrichomonas buttreyi, and Pentatrichomonas hominis) has been reported in many countries, such as the Philippines, Belgium, and the Czech Republic. However, the prevalence of trichomonads infection of swine in China has not yet been investigated. In this study, we used small subunit ribosomal RNA genes to detect the prevalence of T. suis, T. buttreyi and P. hominis among 158 fecal specimens from healthy pigs. Infection rates were 12.03%(19/158), 14.57% (23/158), and 24.05% (38/158) for T. suis, T. buttreyi and P. hominis, respectively. Molecular evolutionary analysis showed minor allelic variation in T. buttreyi from China compared to T. buttreyi isolated from other hosts in different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chengcai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Maritz JM, Land KM, Carlton JM, Hirt RP. What is the importance of zoonotic trichomonads for human health? Trends Parasitol 2014; 30:333-41. [PMID: 24951156 PMCID: PMC7106558 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonads represent emerging species of medical and veterinary importance. Clinical and molecular evidence suggest a zoonotic potential for trichomonads. Close relationship between avian and human trichomonads revealed in outbreaks.
Trichomonads are common parasites of many vertebrate and invertebrate species, with four species classically recognized as human parasites: Dientamoeba fragilis, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Trichomonas tenax. The latter two species are considered human-specific; by contrast, D. fragilis and P. hominis have been isolated from domestic and farm mammals, demonstrating a wide host range and potential zoonotic origin. Several new studies have highlighted the zoonotic dimension of trichomonads. First, species typically known to infect birds and domestic mammals have been identified in human clinical samples. Second, several phylogenetic analyses have identified animal-derived trichomonads as close sister taxa of the two human-specific species. It is our opinion, therefore, that these observations prompt further investigation into the importance of zoonotic trichomonads for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Maritz
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Jane M Carlton
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Robert P Hirt
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Bernasconi C, Bodmer M, Doherr M, Janett F, Thomann A, Spycher C, Iten C, Hentrich B, Gottstein B, Müller N, Frey C. Tritrichomonas foetus: Prevalence study in naturally mating bulls in Switzerland. Vet Parasitol 2014; 200:289-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Li W, Li W, Gong P, Meng Y, Li W, Zhang C, Li S, Yang J, Li H, Zhang X, Li J. Molecular and morphologic identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in swine. Vet Parasitol 2014; 202:241-7. [PMID: 24636786 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A marasmic pig with watery diarrhea was identified to harbor the human-pathogenic protist Pentatrichomonas hominis by PCR and sequence analysis of three genetic loci (ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2, 18S rRNA, and EF-1α), electron microscopy, and infection experiments. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated the organism isolated in this study was most closely related to P. hominis. SEM and TEM observation of the ultrastructure demonstrated that it had a morphology identical to P. hominis. The result of experimental infections with P. hominis exhibited that the cells had the ability to propagate in the cecum of piglets and fecal-oral route might be the major way in which pigs became infected. The present study confirmed that swine could be a host for P. hominis and might serve as a reservoir for human trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ying Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chengcai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shijie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ju Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - He Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, China.
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Prevalence, risk factors of infection and molecular characterization of trichomonads in puppies from French breeding kennels. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:418-26. [PMID: 23993636 PMCID: PMC7116904 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The trichomonad species Tritrichomonas fetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis were recently identified in the feces of dogs with diarrhea. However the prevalence and pathogenicity of these parasites in the canine population still remained poorly resolved. Therefore the aim of the present study was (1) to determine the prevalence of trichomonads infecting puppies living in French breeding kennels, (2) to confirm the predominance of P. hominis in dogs, (3) to investigate the genetic diversity of P. hominis isolates identified in the French canine population and (4) to evaluate the risk factors for infection by P. hominis and the influence of the parasite on feces consistency. A total of 215 both diarrheic and non-diarrheic puppies from 25 French breeding kennels were included in this epidemiological survey. Fecal samples from each puppy were examined for 6 gastrointestinal pathogens: parvovirus type 2 (CPV2), coronavirus, Toxocara canis, Cystoisospora ohioensis-complex, Cystoisospora canis, and Giardia intestinalis. A part of each collected stool was also tested for the presence of motile trichomonads by microscopy after culturing. The prevalence of trichomonad infection was 15.8% (34/215) among puppies and 20% (5/25) among breeding kennels. DNA from 26 of the 34 positive samples was successfully amplified using a trichomonad-specific primer pair. Analysis of the sequences of PCR products indicated that P. hominis was the only trichomonad infecting the canine population. All the puppies infected with P. hominis belonged to large breed dogs. Moreover, puppies from large breeding kennels, excreting a high level of G. intestinalis and/or excreting a high level of C. canis oocysts showed a higher probability of being positive for P. hominis infection. Univariate analysis also revealed an increased risk for P. hominis infection in puppies with abnormal feces. However, in a multivariate analysis, CPV2 was the only gastrointestinal pathogen associated with abnormal feces. Since enteropathogens were commonly found in dogs infected by P. hominis, the pathogenic potential of this trichomonad species remained uncertain and has to be further evaluated by experimental infection studies.
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17
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Guven E, Bastem Z, Avcioglu H, Erdem H. Molecular determination of Tritrichomonas spp. in aborted bovine foetuses in Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2013; 196:278-82. [PMID: 23618514 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tritrichomonas foetus is the causative agent of venereal trichomonosis in cattle causing infertility, pyometra and abortions. The objectives of this study were to determine the positivity rate of Tritrichomonas spp. in abomasal content of aborted foetuses from Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey, using staining, culture and PCR methods and to present the isolates found in the region. A total of 246 abomasal content of aborted foetuses were tested and 14 of 246 (5.7%) were Tritrichomonas spp. positive only by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positivity was not attained by staining or culture method. Four of the positive samples in PCR were confirmed to be T. foetus by sequencing of the amplified 5.8S rRNA gene and flanking ITS regions. Nucleotide sequences of TR-Erzurum T. foetus isolates have been entered into the GenBank sequence database under accession numbers KC236423 through KC236426. This preliminary study suggests that future studies are needed on the systematic relationships and epidemiology of T. foetus isolates in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Guven
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
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18
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Ibañez-Escribano A, Nogal-Ruiz JJ, Delclaux M, Martinez-Nevado E, Ponce-Gordo F. Morphological and molecular identification of Tetratrichomonas flagellates from the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:176-81. [PMID: 23465778 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A tetratrichomonad flagellate found in the diarrhoeic faeces of a 5 years-old male giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) was characterised by morphological and genetic analysis. This protozoan presents four anterior flagella of unequal length and a recurrent flagellum attached to the undulating membrane without a free end portion, and a broad axostyle projection. Numerous vacuoles of different sizes containing bacteria and digestion products were found. The complete sequence of the DNA coding for the 16S rRNA-ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 region was also obtained in order to compare this isolate with other tetratrichomonad species. The sequence obtained was identical to others previously obtained by other researchers from bovines and turtles (Geochelone sp.). It is not easily explainable how the same organism could be found in such different hosts and locations; however these results indicate that some tetratrichomonad species could have a wide host range and could survive in a wide range of environmental conditions.
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19
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Yao C. Diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus-infected bulls, an ultimate approach to eradicate bovine trichomoniasis in US cattle? J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1-9. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.047365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yao
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA
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20
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Oyhenart J, Martínez F, Ramírez R, Fort M, Breccia JD. Loop mediated isothermal amplification of 5.8S rDNA for specific detection of Tritrichomonas foetus. Vet Parasitol 2012; 193:59-65. [PMID: 23265811 PMCID: PMC7116945 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tritrichomonas foetus is the causative agent of bovine trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease leading to infertility and abortion. A test based on loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting the 5.8S rDNA subunit was designed for the specific identification of T. foetus. The LAMP assay was validated using 28 T. foetus and 35 non-T. foetus trichomonads strains. It did not exhibit cross-reaction with closely related parasites commonly found in smegma cultures like Tetratrichomonas spp. and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Bovine smegma did not show interferences for the detection of the parasite and, the sensitivity of the method (4 × 103 CFU/mL, approximately 10 cells/reaction) was slightly higher than that found for PCR amplification with TFR3 and TFR4 primers. The LAMP approach has potential applications for diagnosis and control of T. foetus and, practical use for low skill operators in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oyhenart
- INCITAP - CONICET - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Av. Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
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21
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Abstract
Despite the fact that the non-human primates are our closest relatives and represent a species-rich mammalian group, little is known about their intestinal protistan parasites/commensals. Particularly, the intestinal trichomonads represent a neglected part of the fauna of the primate digestive system. We have established 30 trichomonad strains isolated from feces of 11 primate species kept in 3 Czech zoos and performed an analysis of their SSU rDNA and ITS1-5·8S rDNA-ITS2. Our results showed that intestinal trichomonads are rather common among non-human primates. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains are unexpectedly diversified, belonging to 8 or 9 distinct species. Interestingly, the vast majority of the strains from non-human primates belonged to the genus Tetratrichomonas while no member of this genus has been found in the human intestine so far. In addition, hominoid and non-hominoid primates differed in their intestinal trichomonads. Our results suggest that captive primates possibly may be infected by intestinal trichomonads of other vertebrates such as pigs, cattle, birds, tortoises and lizards.
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22
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Malik SB, Brochu CD, Bilic I, Yuan J, Hess M, Logsdon JM, Carlton JM. Phylogeny of parasitic parabasalia and free-living relatives inferred from conventional markers vs. Rpb1, a single-copy gene. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20774. [PMID: 21695260 PMCID: PMC3111441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabasalia are single-celled eukaryotes (protists) that are mainly comprised of endosymbionts of termites and wood roaches, intestinal commensals, human or veterinary parasites, and free-living species. Phylogenetic comparisons of parabasalids are typically based upon morphological characters and 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequence data (rDNA), while biochemical or molecular studies of parabasalids are limited to a few axenically cultivable parasites. These previous analyses and other studies based on PCR amplification of duplicated protein-coding genes are unable to fully resolve the evolutionary relationships of parabasalids. As a result, genetic studies of Parabasalia lag behind other organisms. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Comparing parabasalid EF1α, α-tubulin, enolase and MDH protein-coding genes with information from the Trichomonas vaginalis genome reveals difficulty in resolving the history of species or isolates apart from duplicated genes. A conserved single-copy gene encodes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Rpb1) in T. vaginalis and other eukaryotes. Here we directly sequenced Rpb1 degenerate PCR products from 10 parabasalid genera, including several T. vaginalis isolates and avian isolates, and compared these data by phylogenetic analyses. Rpb1 genes from parabasalids, diplomonads, Parabodo, Diplonema and Percolomonas were all intronless, unlike intron-rich homologs in Naegleria, Jakoba and Malawimonas. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The phylogeny of Rpb1 from parasitic and free-living parabasalids, and conserved Rpb1 insertions, support Trichomonadea, Tritrichomonadea, and Hypotrichomonadea as monophyletic groups. These results are consistent with prior analyses of rDNA and GAPDH sequences and ultrastructural data. The Rpb1 phylogenetic tree also resolves species- and isolate-level relationships. These findings, together with the relative ease of Rpb1 isolation, make it an attractive tool for evaluating more extensive relationships within Parabasalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehre-Banoo Malik
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Roy J. Carver Center for Comparative Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cynthia D. Brochu
- Department of Biology, Roy J. Carver Center for Comparative Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ivana Bilic
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Biology, Roy J. Carver Center for Comparative Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael Hess
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - John M. Logsdon
- Department of Biology, Roy J. Carver Center for Comparative Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jane M. Carlton
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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The ambiguous life of Dientamoeba fragilis: the need to investigate current hypotheses on transmission. Parasitology 2011; 138:557-72. [PMID: 21349214 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010001733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dientamoeba fragilis is an inhabitant of the human bowel and is associated with gastrointestinal illness. Despite its discovery over a century ago, the details of Dientamoeba's life cycle are unclear and its mode of transmission is unknown. Several theories exist which attempt to explain how Dientamoeba may be transmitted. One theory suggests that animals are responsible for the transmission of Dientamoeba. However, reports of Dientamoeba in animals are sporadic and most are not supported by molecular evidence. Another theory suggests that Dientamoeba may be transmitted via the ova of a helminth. Given that the closest relative of Dientamoeba is transmitted via the ova of a helminth, this theory seems plausible. It has also been suggested that Dientamoeba could be transmitted directly between humans. This theory also seems plausible given that other relatives of Dientamoeba are transmitted in this way. Despite numerous investigations, Dientamoeba's mode of transmission remains unknown. This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of theories relating to Dientamoeba's mode of transmission and, by doing so, indicates where gaps in current knowledge exist. Where information is lacking, suggestions are made as to how future research could improve our knowledge on the life cycle of Dientamoeba.
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24
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Stensvold CR, Lebbad M, Verweij JJ. The impact of genetic diversity in protozoa on molecular diagnostics. Trends Parasitol 2010; 27:53-8. [PMID: 21168365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Detection of intestinal parasitic protists, commonly referred to as 'intestinal protozoa,' by PCR is increasingly used not only for identification or confirmation but also as a first-line diagnostic tool. Apart from the ability to sample correctly and extract parasite DNA directly from faeces, primer and probe specificity and sensitivity affect predictive values and hence the utility of diagnostic assays. Molecular characterization of intestinal protists is necessary to design primers and probes because this is the basic material for current and future improved diagnostic PCRs for either detecting all genetic variants or specifically differentiating among such variants. As an example, this paper highlights the existence of interspecific and intraspecific genetic diversity among intestinal, unicellular parasites and its implications for nucleic acid-based diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rune Stensvold
- Department of Microbiology and Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 3, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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25
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YUBUKI NAOJI, CÉZA VÍT, CEPICKA IVAN, YABUKI AKINORI, INAGAKI YUJI, NAKAYAMA TAKESHI, INOUYE ISAO, LEANDER BRIANS. Cryptic Diversity of Free-Living Parabasalids, Pseudotrichomonas keilini and Lacusteria cypriaca n. g., n. sp., as Inferred from Small Subunit rDNA Sequences. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2010; 57:554-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2010.00509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Critical Taxonomic Revision of Parabasalids with Description of one New Genus and three New Species. Protist 2010; 161:400-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Kim YA, Kim HY, Cho SH, Cheun HI, Yu JR, Lee SE. PCR detection and molecular characterization of Pentatrichomonas hominis from feces of dogs with diarrhea in the Republic of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2010; 48:9-13. [PMID: 20333280 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pentatrichomonas hominis is considered a commensal protozoan in the large intestine of a number of mammalian hosts, such as cats, dogs, and non-human primates. The resulting infections, which can induce diarrhea, have been attributed to opportunistic overgrowth of P. hominis. This study was performed to confirm the P. hominis infection and its molecular characterization from the feces of puppies with diarrhea. Fecal samples were obtained from 14 German shepherd puppies with diarrhea over 1 week (7 females and 7 males, 2-9 months of age) residing on a dog farm in August 2007. Species-specific PCR assay identified P. hominis 18S rRNA genes in 3 of the 14 puppies (1 female and 2 males; 1 aged 2 months and 2 aged 9 months). This phylogenetic analysis established that P. hominis belonged to the 1st clade, which is comprised of Bos taurus and Felines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ah Kim
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Huby-Chilton F, Scandrett BW, Chilton NB, Gajadhar AA. Detection and identification of Tetratrichomonas in a preputial wash from a bull by PCR and SSCP. Vet Parasitol 2009; 166:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationships of trichomonad isolates of galliform birds inferred from nuclear small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Parasitol Res 2009; 106:163-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Mantini C, Souppart L, Noël C, Duong TH, Mornet M, Carroger G, Dupont P, Masseret E, Goustille J, Capron M, Duboucher C, Dei-Cas E, Viscogliosi E. Molecular characterization of a new Tetratrichomonas species in a patient with empyema. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:2336-9. [PMID: 19420167 PMCID: PMC2708534 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00353-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Tetratrichomonas species was identified by molecular and phylogenetic approaches in the pleural fluid from a patient with encysted empyema leading to dyspnea. This observation raised the questions of the real prevalence of pulmonary trichomonosis in humans, the zoonotic potential of trichomonads, and the existence of human-host-adapted strains.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- DNA, Protozoan/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Empyema, Pleural/parasitology
- Female
- Genes, rRNA
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Protozoan Infections/diagnosis
- Protozoan Infections/parasitology
- RNA, Protozoan/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Radiography, Thoracic
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Trichomonadida/classification
- Trichomonadida/genetics
- Trichomonadida/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Cléa Mantini
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U547, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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31
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Noda S, Mantini C, Bordereau C, Kitade O, Dolan MF, Viscogliosi E, Ohkuma M. Molecular phylogeny of parabasalids with emphasis on the order Cristamonadida and its complex morphological evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 52:217-24. [PMID: 19306937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parabasalia represents a complex assemblage of species, which recently received extensive reorganization. The newly created order Cristamonadida unites complex hypermastigids belonging to the Lophomonadida like the joeniids, the multinucleate polymonad Calonymphidae, and well-developed trichomonads in the Devescovinidae. All these protists exclusively occur in the guts of termites and related insects. In this study, small subunit rRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes were identified without cultivation from 14 species in Cristamonadida including previously unstudied genera such as Joenina, Joenia, Joenoides, Macrotrichomonas, Gigantomonas, and Foaina. Despite the great morphological diversity of Cristamonadida, our phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of this order. However, almost all the families and subfamilies composing this order are polyphyletic suggesting a complicated morphological evolution. Our analyses also showed that Cristamonadida descends from one lineage of rudimentary trichomonads and that joeniids was basal in this order. Several successive and independent morphological transitions such as the development and reduction of flagellar apparatus and associated cytoskeleton and transition to multinucleated status have likely led to the diversity and complexity of cristamonad lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Noda
- Ecomolecular Biorecycling Science Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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32
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Corbeil LB, Campero CM, Van Hoosear K, BonDurant RH. Detection of trichomonad species in the reproductive tracts of breeding and virgin bulls. Vet Parasitol 2008; 154:226-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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