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Lamon S, Bastardo A, Meloni D, Consolati SG, Fois F, Porcheddu G, Agus V, Pes M, Cambula MG, Mureddu A, Romalde JL. Clonal relationship among Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and grooved carpet shells (Ruditapes decussatus) harvested in Sardinia (Italy). Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu M, Wu J, Chen L. Virulence, antimicrobial and heavy metal tolerance, and genetic diversity of Vibrio cholerae recovered from commonly consumed freshwater fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:27338-27352. [PMID: 31325090 PMCID: PMC6733808 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a leading waterborne pathogen worldwide. Continuous monitoring of V. cholerae contamination in aquatic products and identification of risk factors are crucial for assuring food safety. In this study, we determined the virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility, heavy metal tolerance, and genetic diversity of 400 V. cholerae isolates recovered from commonly consumed freshwater fish (Aristichthys nobilis, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and Parabramis pekinensis) collected in July and August of 2017 in Shanghai, China. V. cholerae has not been previously detected in the half of these fish species. The results revealed an extremely low occurrence of pathogenic V. cholerae carrying the major virulence genes ctxAB (0.0%), tcpA (0.0%), ace (0.0%), and zot (0.0%). However, high incidence of virulence-associated genes was observed, including the RTX toxin gene cluster (rtxA-D) (83.0-97.0%), hlyA (87.8%), hapA (95.0%), and tlh (76.0%). Meanwhile, high percentages of resistance to antimicrobial agents streptomycin (65.3%), ampicillin (44.5%), and rifampicin (24.0%) were observed. Approximately 30.5% of the isolates displayed multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes with 42 resistance profiles, which were significantly different among the four fish species (MARI, P = 0.001). Additionally, tolerance of isolates to heavy metals Hg2+ (49.3%), Zn2+ (30.3%), and Pb2+ (12.0%) was observed. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR)-based fingerprinting of the 400 V. cholerae isolates revealed 328 ERIC-genotypes, which demonstrated a large degree of genomic variation among the isolates. Overall, the results of this study support the need for food safety risk assessment of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang, 830000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hu Cheng Huan Road, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
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Smith AM. Review of molecular subtyping methodologies used to investigate outbreaks due to multidrug-resistant enteric bacterial pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa. Afr J Lab Med 2019; 8:760. [PMID: 31205868 PMCID: PMC6556818 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v8i1.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In sub-Saharan Africa, molecular epidemiological investigation of outbreaks caused by antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacterial pathogens have mostly been described for Salmonella species, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella species and Escherichia coli. For these organisms, I reviewed all publications describing the use of molecular subtyping methodologies to investigate outbreaks caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) enteric bacterial infections. Objectives To describe the use of molecular subtyping methodologies to investigate outbreaks caused by MDR enteric bacterial pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa and to describe the current status of molecular subtyping capabilities in the region. Methods A PubMed database literature search (English language only) was performed using the search strings: ‘Africa outbreak MDR’, ‘Africa outbreak multi’, ‘Africa outbreak multidrug’, ‘Africa outbreak multi drug’, ‘Africa outbreak resistance’, ‘Africa outbreak resistant’, ‘Africa outbreak drug’, ‘Africa outbreak antibiotic’, ‘Africa outbreak antimicrobial’. These search strings were used in combination with genus and species names of the organisms listed above. All results were included in the review. Results The year 1991 saw one of the first reports describing the use of molecular subtyping methodologies in sub-Saharan Africa; this included the use of plasmid profiling to characterise Salmonella Enteritidis. To date, several methodologies have been used; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and multilocus sequence typing have been the most commonly used methodologies. Investigations have particularly highlighted the emergence and spread of MDR clones; these include Salmonella Typhi H58 and Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 clones. In recent times, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis approaches have increasingly been used. Conclusion Traditional molecular subtyping methodologies are still commonly used and still have their place in investigations; however, WGS approaches have increasingly been used and are slowly gaining a stronghold. African laboratories need to start adapting their molecular surveillance methodologies to include WGS, as it is foreseen that WGS analysis will eventually replace all traditional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Smith
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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De Vita D, Angeli A, Pandolfi F, Bortolami M, Costi R, Di Santo R, Suffredini E, Ceruso M, Del Prete S, Capasso C, Scipione L, Supuran CT. Inhibition of the α-carbonic anhydrase from Vibrio cholerae with amides and sulfonamides incorporating imidazole moieties. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:798-804. [PMID: 28569564 PMCID: PMC6445327 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1327522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We discovered novel and selective sulfonamides/amides acting as inhibitors of the α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae (VchCA). This Gram-negative bacterium is the causative agent of cholera and colonises the upper small intestine where sodium bicarbonate is present at a high concentration. The secondary sulfonamides and amides investigated here were potent, low nanomolar VchCA inhibitors whereas their inhibition of the human cytosolic isoforms CA I and II was in the micromolar range or higher. The molecules represent an interesting lead for antibacterial agents with a possibly new mechanism of action, although their CA inhibition mechanism is unknown for the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Vita
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Università di Roma La Sapienza , Roma , Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Fabiana Pandolfi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Università di Roma La Sapienza , Roma , Italy
| | - Martina Bortolami
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Università di Roma La Sapienza , Roma , Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Università di Roma La Sapienza , Roma , Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Università di Roma La Sapienza , Roma , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Suffredini
- c Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria , Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Mariangela Ceruso
- d Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy.,e Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | | | - Luigi Scipione
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Università di Roma La Sapienza , Roma , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy.,d Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
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Chen W, Ai L, Yang J, Ren J, Li Y, Guo B. Molecular Typing of Cronobacter
Strains from Food in China by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) and Sequence Analysis of the gyrB
Gene. J Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology; Technology Center of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd; 1518 West Jiangchang Rd Shanghai 200436 China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology; Technology Center of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd; 1518 West Jiangchang Rd Shanghai 200436 China
| | - Jielin Yang
- Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau; Shanghai China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology; Technology Center of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd; 1518 West Jiangchang Rd Shanghai 200436 China
| | - Yunfei Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Benheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology; Technology Center of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd; 1518 West Jiangchang Rd Shanghai 200436 China
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Mshana SE, Matee M, Rweyemamu M. Antimicrobial resistance in human and animal pathogens in Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Tanzania: an urgent need of a sustainable surveillance system. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2013; 12:28. [PMID: 24119299 PMCID: PMC3852305 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-12-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the published and unpublished literature on bacterial resistance in human and animals was performed. Sixty-eight articles/reports from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia were reviewed. The majority of these articles were from Tanzania. There is an increasing trend in the incidence of antibiotic resistance; of major concern is the increase in multidrug- resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera, non-typhoid Salmonella and other pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. The increase in methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers in the countries under review confirms the spread of these clones worldwide. Clinical microbiology services in these countries need to be strengthened in order to allow a coordinated surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and provide data for local treatment guidelines and for national policies to control antimicrobial resistance. While the present study does not provide conclusive evidence to associate the increasing trend in antibiotic resistance in humans with the use of antibiotics in animals, either as feed additives or veterinary prescription, we strongly recommend a one-health approach of systematic surveillance across the public and animal health sectors, as well as the adherence to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)-OIE (World Organization of animal Health) –WHO(World Health Organization) recommendations for non-human antimicrobial usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology Weill Bugando School of Medicine, CUHAS-Bugando, Mwanza, Tanzania.
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Páll E, Niculae M, Kiss T, Şandru CD, Spînu M. Human impact on the microbiological water quality of the rivers. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1635-1640. [PMID: 23813274 PMCID: PMC3809112 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.055749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiological contamination is an important water-quality problem worldwide. Human impact on this category of contamination is significant and several human-related activities, and also the population explosion, have affected and are still affecting dramatically the aquatic environment. Extensive industrialization and agriculture have led to increased pollution and hydromorphological changes in many river basins. The Danube river is one of the most affected by these changes where human involvement is undeniable, and subsequently, the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve became one of the most vulnerable ecosystems. This review is an attempt to analyse the microbiological contamination and to identify the major role human activities play in altering the water quality of the rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emőke Páll
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Manastur Street, 3-5, Cluj, Romania
| | - Mihaela Niculae
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Manastur Street, 3-5, Cluj, Romania
| | - Timea Kiss
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Manastur Street, 3-5, Cluj, Romania
| | - Carmen Dana Şandru
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Manastur Street, 3-5, Cluj, Romania
| | - Marina Spînu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Manastur Street, 3-5, Cluj, Romania
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8
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Serotyping, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Detection of hlyA Gene Among Cholera Patients in Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Molecular typing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from the middle-east coastline of China. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 153:402-12. [PMID: 22225982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of outbreaks of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in China highlights the need for strain characterization and subtyping of this pathogenic species. A total of 56 epidemiologically-unrelated strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from clinical samples, seafood and various environmental sites in the middle-east coastline of China from 2006 to 2008. The isolates were characterized using four molecular typing methods, including ribotyping, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and sequence analysis of the gyrB gene. Genetic profiles of cluster analysis from these molecular typing tests clearly showed that there were differences in potential pathogenicity among isolates from seafood and its environments. Genetic characterization of two isolates (F13 and QS2) that originated from seafood demonstrated that they were potentially pathogenic. Discriminatory indices of four typing methods for the 56 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were differentiated by Simpson's Index of Diversity. The discriminatory index of ERIC-PCR typing was maximal (D=0.942), while that of sequence analysis of the gyrB gene was minimal (D=0.702). The discriminatory ability was greatly enhanced (D=0.966) when ERIC-PCR was coupled with sequence analysis of the gyrB gene. These results suggest that ERIC-PCR combined with sequence analysis of gyrB gene may be a reliable, rapid typing strategy for V. parahaemolyticus strains.
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Caburlotto G, Lleo MM, Gennari M, Balboa S, Romalde JL. The use of multiple typing methods allows a more accurate molecular characterization ofVibrio parahaemolyticusstrains isolated from the Italian Adriatic Sea. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 77:611-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ceccarelli D, Spagnoletti M, Bacciu D, Cappuccinelli P, Colombo MM. New V. cholerae atypical El Tor variant emerged during the 2006 epidemic outbreak in Angola. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:130. [PMID: 21668969 PMCID: PMC3131240 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND V. cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera, a major public health concern in most developing countries. Virulence of V. cholerae relies on the powerful cholera toxin, encoded by the CTX prophage. The emergence of new pathogenic variants in the recent years has been mostly associated with new CTX prophage rearrangements. RESULTS In this retrospective study, we show that the epidemic V. cholerae O1 El Tor strain responsible for the 2006 outbreak in Angola is clonally and genetically different from El Tor strains circulating in the 1990s in the same area. Strains from 2006 carry ICEVchAng3 of the SXT/R391 family. This ICE is associated with a narrower multidrug resistance profile compared to the one conferred by plasmid p3iANG to strains of the 1990s. The CTX prophage carried by 2006 El Tor strains is characterized by rstR(ET) and ctxB(Cla) alleles organized in a RS1-RS2-Core array on chromosome I. Interestingly, the newly emerging atypical strain belongs to a clade previously known to comprise only clinical isolates from the Indian subcontinent that also contain the same ICE of the SXT/R391 family. CONCLUSIONS Our findings remark the appearance of a novel V. cholerae epidemic variant in Africa with a new CTXΦ arrangement previously described only in the Indian Subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ceccarelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Vlieghe E, Phoba MF, Tamfun JJM, Jacobs J. Antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens in Central Africa: a review of the published literature between 1955 and 2008. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 34:295-303. [PMID: 19540725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of the published literature on bacterial resistance in Central Africa between 1955 and 2008 was performed. Eighty-three publications from seven countries were retrieved, the majority presenting data on enteric and other gram-negative pathogens. Despite methodological limitations in many studies, alarming resistance rates are noted in nearly all pathogens. Of special concern are multidrug resistance in Shigella and Salmonella spp. and the emergence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, high-level penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among gram-negative pathogens. These findings make clear that the Central African region shares the worldwide trend of increasing antimicrobial resistance and is in urgent need of sound surveillance based on competent and affordable microbiology to provide clear data on antimicrobial resistance. These data could enable redaction of local treatment guidelines and fuel national and regional policies to contain antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vlieghe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Biogeographic patterns in genomic diversity among a large collection of Vibrio cholerae isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:1658-66. [PMID: 19139224 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01304-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae strains are capable of inhabiting multiple niches in the aquatic environment and in some cases cause disease in humans. However, the ecology and biodiversity of these bacteria in environmental settings remains poorly understood. We used the genomic fingerprinting technique enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) to profile 835 environmental isolates from waters and sediments obtained at nine sites along the central California coast. We identified 115 ERIC-PCR genotypes from 998 fingerprints, with a reproducibility of 98.5% and a discriminatory power of 0.971. When the temporal dynamics at a subset of sampling sites were explored, several genotypes provided evidence for cosmopolitan or geographically restricted distributions, and other genotypes displayed nonrandom patterns of cooccurrence. Partial Mantel tests confirmed that genotypic similarity of isolates across all sampling events was correlated with environmental similarity (0.04 < or = r < or = 0.05), temporal proximity (r = 0.09), and geographic distance (r = 0.09). A neutral community model for all sampling events explained 61% of the variation in genotype abundance. Cooccurrence indices (C-score, C-board, and Combo) were significantly different than expected by chance, suggesting that the V. cholerae population may have a competitive structure, especially at the regional scale. Even though stochastic processes are undoubtedly important in generating biogeographic patterns in diversity, deterministic factors appear to play a significant, albeit small, role in shaping the V. cholerae population structure in this system.
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Chokesajjawatee N, Zo YG, Colwell RR. Determination of clonality and relatedness of Vibrio cholerae isolates by genomic fingerprinting, using long-range repetitive element sequence-based PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:5392-401. [PMID: 18606790 PMCID: PMC2546650 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00151-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput method which is applicable for rapid screening, identification, and delineation of isolates of Vibrio cholerae, sensitive to genome variation, and capable of providing phylogenetic inferences enhances environmental monitoring of this bacterium. We have developed and optimized a method for genomic fingerprinting of V. cholerae based on long-range PCR. The method uses a primer set directed to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences, a high-fidelity DNA polymerase, and analysis via conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. Long ( approximately 10 kb), highly reproducible amplicons were generated from V. cholerae isolates, including those from different geographical locations and historical strains isolated during the period 1931-2000. The amplicons yielded reduced variability in their densitometric band patterns to =10% and clonal distinction at <90% similarity. Rapid band-matching analysis was accomplished for fingerprints with >/=90% similarity, discriminating O serotypes and biotypes (classical versus El Tor) as well as pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. Compared to genome similarity measured by DNA-DNA hybridization, the results showed good correlation (r = 0.7; P < 0.001), with five times less measurement error and without bias. The method permits both phylogenetic inference and clonal differentiation of individual V. cholerae strains, enables robust, high-throughput analysis, and does not require specialized equipment to perform. With access to a curated public database furnished with appropriate analytical software applications, the method should prove useful in large-scale multilaboratory surveys, especially those designed to detect specific pathogens in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipa Chokesajjawatee
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute of Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Rahman MM, Matsuo T, Ogawa W, Koterasawa M, Kuroda T, Tsuchiya T. Molecular cloning and characterization of all RND-type efflux transporters in Vibrio cholerae non-O1. Microbiol Immunol 2008; 51:1061-70. [PMID: 18037783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb04001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resistance Nodulation cell Division (RND) efflux transporters are thought to be involved in mediating multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae non-O1. There are six operons for putative RND-type efflux transporters present in the chromosome of V. cholerae O1 including two operons, vexAB and vexCD, which had already been identified. All of the six operons were cloned from V. cholerae non-O1, NCTC4716 by the PCR method, introduced, and expressed in cells of drug hypersusceptible Escherichia coli KAM33 (DeltaacrAB, DeltaydhE). Only vexEF conferred elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of some antimicrobial agents in the E. coli cells. However, VexEF did not confer increased MIC of any drug tested in tolC-deficient E. coli KAM43 cells. On the other hand, when E. coli KAM43 was transformed with vexAB, vexCD or vexEF together with tolC(Vc) of V. cholerae NCTC4716, we observed elevated MICs of various antimicrobial agents. Among them, E. coli KAM43 expressing both VexEF and TolC(Vc) showed much higher MICs and much broader substrate specificity than the other two. We also observed ethidium efflux activity via VexEF-TolC(Vc), and the activity required Na(+). Thus, VexEF-TolC (Vc) is either a Na(+)-activated or a Na(+)-coupled transporter. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the requirement of Na(+) for an RND-type efflux transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mushfequr Rahman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Taviani E, Ceccarelli D, Lazaro N, Bani S, Cappuccinelli P, Colwell RR, Colombo MM. Environmental Vibrio spp., isolated in Mozambique, contain a polymorphic group of integrative conjugative elements and class 1 integrons. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2008; 64:45-54. [PMID: 18318712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulation of mobile genetic elements linked to drug resistance spread was studied in Vibrio strains isolated from surface urban water (river and sea) and shellfish samples in 2002-2003 in Maputo, Mozambique. Class 1 integrons and integrating conjugative elements (ICE) were investigated by PCR and mating experiments in strains of major health interest: 10 Vibrio cholerae, six Vibrio parahaemolyticus, two Vibrio alginolyticus and one Vibrio fluvialis. Resistance to at least two antibiotics (predominantly beta-lactams) was detected in all the strains, with additional resistances to sulfamethoxazole, spectinomycin, streptomycin and/or trimethoprim. Class 1 integrons contributed partially to the expression of drug resistance and were found in five isolates: four V. cholerae (blaP1 cassette, one strain also contained the dfrA15 cassette) and one V. alginolyticus (aadA2 cassette). ICEs, apparently devoid of resistance genes, were found in eight V. cholerae, three V. parahaemolyticus and one V. fluvialis isolates. A wide variability was observed by molecular characterization of ICEs. Five ICEs were included in the SXT/R391 family and seven ICEs were not classified. Our results indicate that the SXT/R391 family and related ICEs comprise a large class of polymorphic genetic elements widely circulating in environmental Vibrio strains in Africa, beside those evidently linked to drug resistance in clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Taviani
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chatzidaki-Livanis M, Hubbard MA, Gordon K, Harwood VJ, Wright AC. Genetic distinctions among clinical and environmental strains of Vibrio vulnificus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:6136-41. [PMID: 16957239 PMCID: PMC1563656 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00341-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus causes rare but frequently fatal septicemia associated with raw oyster consumption by persons with underlying hepatic or immune system dysfunction. The virulence potential of environmental reservoirs appears widely distributed, because most strains are virulent in animal models; however, several investigations recently demonstrated genetic divergence among strains from clinical versus environmental origin at independent genetic loci. The present study used PCR to screen DNA polymorphisms in strains from environmental (n = 35) or clinical (n = 33) sources, and genomic relationships were determined by repetitive extragenic palindromic DNA PCR (rep-PCR) typing. Significant (P < 0.01) association was observed for typical "clinical" or "environmental" polymorphism profiles based on strain origin. Most oyster isolates (88%), including all of those with the "environmental" profile, also formed a single rep-PCR genogroup. Clinical isolates within this group did not have the typical "clinical" profile. On the other hand, clinical isolates with the typical polymorphism profile were distributed among multiple rep-PCR genogroups, demonstrating greater genetic diversity than was evident by profiling genetic polymorphisms. Wound isolates were genetically distinct from typical blood isolates by all assays. Strains from an outbreak of wound infections in Israel (biotype 3) were closely related to several U.S. strains by rep-PCR, indicating potential reservoirs of emerging disease. Strains genetically related to blood isolates appeared to be relatively rare in oysters, as only one had the "clinical" polymorphism profile or clustered by rep-PCR. However, this study was not an extensive survey, and more sampling using rep-PCR for sensitive genetic discrimination is needed to determine the virulence potential of environmental reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chatzidaki-Livanis
- University of Florida, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, P.O. Box 110370, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Ceccarelli D, Salvia AM, Sami J, Cappuccinelli P, Colombo MM. New cluster of plasmid-located class 1 integrons in Vibrio cholerae O1 and a dfrA15 cassette-containing integron in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Angola. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2493-9. [PMID: 16801431 PMCID: PMC1489794 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01310-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance profile and its correlation with mobile genetic elements were investigated in 11 Vibrio cholerae O1 and 2 Vibrio parahaemolyticus clinical isolates, as well as in 1 V. cholerae O1 and 1 V. cholerae non-O1 environmental isolate, isolated between 1991 and 1996 in different provinces of Angola. All clinical isolates of V. cholerae O1 were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. They also contained a large conjugative plasmid (p3iANG) with a set of three class 1 integrons harboring dfrA15, blaP1, and qacH-aadA8 cassettes, which code for resistance to trimethoprim, beta-lactams, quaternary ammonium compounds, and aminoglycosides, clustered in a 19-kb region. Chloramphenicol (cat1), kanamycin (aph), sulfonamide (sul2), and tetracycline (tetG) resistance genes were also carried on the plasmid within the same 19-kb region. A chromosomal integron containing the dfrA15 cassette was also revealed in V. parahaemolyticus strains. SXT integrase genes were present in six V. cholerae isolates but apparently were not associated with known SXT-associated resistance genes. This study indicates that plasmids and integrons contributed mainly to the circulation of multiple-drug resistance determinants in Vibrio strains from Angola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ceccarelli
- Dipartmento Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Universitá La Sapienza, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Zo YG, Rivera ING, Russek-Cohen E, Islam MS, Siddique AK, Yunus M, Sack RB, Huq A, Colwell RR. Genomic profiles of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 in cholera-endemic areas of Bangladesh. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:12409-14. [PMID: 12205294 PMCID: PMC129458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192426499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity, relatedness, and ecological interactions of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 populations in two distinctive habitats, the human intestine and the aquatic environment, were analyzed. Twenty environmental isolates and 42 clinical isolates were selected for study by matching serotype, geographic location of isolation in Bangladesh, and season of isolation. Genetic profiling was done by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR, optimized for profiling by using the fully sequenced V. cholerae El Tor N16961 genome. Five significant clonal clusters of haplotypes were found from 57 electrophoretic types. Isolates from different areas or habitats intermingled in two of the five significant clusters. Frequencies of haplotypes differed significantly only between the environmental populations (exact test; P < 0.05). Analysis of molecular variance yielded a population genetic structure reflecting the differentiating effects of geographic area, habitat, and sampling time. Although a parameter confounding the latter differences explained 9% of the total molecular variance in the entire population (P < 0.01), the net effect of habitat and time could not be separated because of the small number of environmental isolates included in the study. Five subpopulations from a single area were determined, and from these we were able to estimate a relative differentiating effect of habitat, which was small compared with the effect of temporal change. In conclusion, the resulting population structure supports the hypothesis that spatial and temporal fluctuations in the composition of toxigenic V. cholerae populations in the aquatic environment can cause shifts in the dynamics of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gun Zo
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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Radu S, Vincent M, Apun K, Abdul-Rahim R, Benjamin PG, Rusul G. Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 outbreak strains in Miri, Sarawak (Malaysia). Acta Trop 2002; 83:169-76. [PMID: 12088858 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-706x(02)00110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to various antimicrobial agents is common in area with high usage of antibiotics. In this study, the data on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 from patients during an outbreak period was found to be high but variable rates of multidrug resistance. Thirty-two of 33 V. cholerae isolates harboured the tcp, ctx, zot and ace genes, suggesting their possible roles in the outbreak cases. We analyzed the molecular diversity of a total of 33 strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated from 33 patients between November 1997 and April 1998 using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The 30 typable isolates could be separated into four major clusters containing 5, 17, 2 and 6 isolates, respectively. However, no particular RAPD pattern was predictive of a particular pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. The findings of this study showed that multiple clones seemed to be responsible for cases in the outbreaks in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Radu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Jiang SC, Louis V, Choopun N, Sharma A, Huq A, Colwell RR. Genetic diversity of Vibrio cholerae in Chesapeake Bay determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:140-7. [PMID: 10618215 PMCID: PMC91797 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.1.140-147.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/1999] [Accepted: 09/10/1999] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is indigenous to the aquatic environment, and serotype non-O1 strains are readily isolated from coastal waters. However, in comparison with intensive studies of the O1 group, relatively little effort has been made to analyze the population structure and molecular evolution of non-O1 V. cholerae. In this study, high-resolution genomic DNA fingerprinting, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), was used to characterize the temporal and spatial genetic diversity of 67 V. cholerae strains isolated from Chesapeake Bay during April through July 1998, at four different sampling sites. Isolation of V. cholerae during the winter months (January through March) was unsuccessful, as observed in earlier studies (J. H. L. Kaper, R. R. Colwell, and S. W. Joseph, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:91-103, 1979). AFLP fingerprints subjected to similarity analysis yielded a grouping of isolates into three large clusters, reflecting time of the year when the strains were isolated. April and May isolates were closely related, while July isolates were genetically diverse and did not cluster with the isolates obtained earlier in the year. The results suggest that the population structure of V. cholerae undergoes a shift in genotype that is linked to changes in environmental conditions. From January to July, the water temperature increased from 3 degrees C to 27.5 degrees C, bacterial direct counts increased nearly an order of magnitude, and the chlorophyll a concentration tripled (or even quadrupled at some sites). No correlation was observed between genetic similarity among isolates and geographical source of isolation, since isolates found at a single sampling site were genetically diverse and genetically identical isolates were found at several of the sampling sites. Thus, V. cholerae populations may be transported by surface currents throughout the entire Bay, or, more likely, similar environmental conditions may be selected for a specific genotype. The dynamic nature of the population structure of this bacterial species in Chesapeake Bay provides new insight into the ecology and molecular evolution of V. cholerae in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Jiang
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA.
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Abstract
Developments in the rapid detection of pathogens (PCR and its variations) and molecular typing of strains isolated from the ecosystem illustrate the stimulation of research due to the recent foodborne and waterborne disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pommepuy
- IFREMER, Department Environment Littoral, Plouzan, France.
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