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Le VD, Phan TTP, Nguyen TM, Brunsveld L, Schumann W, Nguyen HD. Using the IPTG-Inducible Pgrac212 Promoter for Overexpression of Human Rhinovirus 3C Protease Fusions in the Cytoplasm of Bacillus subtilis Cells. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:1477-1486. [PMID: 31612259 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Expression and secretion of recombinant proteins in the endotoxin-free bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, has been thoroughly studied, but overexpression in the cytoplasm has been limited to only a few proteins. Here, we used the robust IPTG-inducible promoter, Pgrac212, to overexpress human rhinovirus 3C protease (HRV3C) in the cytoplasm of B. subtilis cells. A novel solubility tag, the N-terminal domain of the lysS gene of B. subtilis coding for a lysyl-tRNA synthetase was placed at the N terminus with a cleavage site for the endoprotease HRV3C, followed by His-HRV3C or His-GST-HRV3C. The recombinant protease was purified by using a Ni-NTA column. In this study, the His-HRV3C and His-GST-HRV3C proteases were overexpressed in the cytoplasm of B. subtilis at 11% and 16% of the total cellular proteins, respectively. The specific protease activities were 8065 U/mg for His-HRV3C and 3623 U/mg for His-GST-HRV3C. The purified enzymes were used to cleave two different substrates followed by purification of the two different protein targets, the green fluorescent protein and the beta-galactosidase. In conclusion, the combination of an inducible promoter Pgrac212 and a solubility tag allowed the overexpression of the HRV3C protease in the cytoplasm of B. subtilis. The resulting fusion protein was purified using a nickel column and was active in cleaving target proteins to remove the fusion tags. This study offers an effective method for producing recombinant proteins in the cytoplasm of endotoxin-free bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Duong Le
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Dist. 5, Hochiminh, Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), 475A Dien Bien Phu Str., Binh Thanh Dist., Hochiminh, Vietnam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Science-VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Dist. 5, Hochiminh, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Phuong Phan
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Dist. 5, Hochiminh, Vietnam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Dist. 5, Hochiminh, Vietnam
| | - Tri Minh Nguyen
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Dist. 5, Hochiminh, Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), 475A Dien Bien Phu Str., Binh Thanh Dist., Hochiminh, Vietnam
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Schumann
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Dist. 5, Hochiminh, Vietnam
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hoang Duc Nguyen
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science-VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Dist. 5, Hochiminh, Vietnam.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Science-VNUHCM, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Dist. 5, Hochiminh, Vietnam.
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Exploitation of Bacillus subtilis as a robust workhorse for production of heterologous proteins and beyond. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:145. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Matsuka YV, Dilts DA, Hoiseth S, Arumugham R. Characterization of a subunit structure and stability of the recombinant porin from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1998; 17:719-28. [PMID: 9853688 DOI: 10.1007/bf02780975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An outer membrane PIA protein from Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain FA19 was expressed in Escherichia coli and refolded in vitro in the presence of zwitterionic detergent. Its proper folding and subunit organization was confirmed by comparison with the native counterpart. The unfolding of PIA has been investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and analytical size-exclusion chromatography methods. Analysis of the denaturation pathway of the PIA revealed that it forms an unusually labile quaternary structure. In the presence of 1 M guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) or upon heating up to 50 degrees C, dissociation of the PIA oligomer was observed resulting in the formation of folded monomeric intermediates. Unfolding of monomers occurs at 80 degrees C or in the presence of 4.3 M GdmCl, indicating high intrinsic stability toward both GdmCl and elevated temperatures. Both oligomeric and monomeric forms of PIA exhibited affinity to the hydrophobic probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) and bind with Kd=80 and 130 microM, respectively. Denaturation of the PIA completely abolished affinity to ANS, suggesting that hydrophobicity is a property of the folded state of the porin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Matsuka
- Department of Protein and Analytical Chemistry, Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, West Henrietta, New York 14586, USA.
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Collier DN. Escherichia coli signal peptides direct inefficient secretion of an outer membrane protein (OmpA) and periplasmic proteins (maltose-binding protein, ribose-binding protein, and alkaline phosphatase) in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 1994; 176:3013-20. [PMID: 8188602 PMCID: PMC205459 DOI: 10.1128/jb.176.10.3013-3020.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal peptides of gram-positive exoproteins generally carry a higher net positive charge at their amino termini (N regions) and have longer hydrophobic cores (h regions) and carboxy termini (C regions) than do signal peptides of Escherichia coli envelope proteins. To determine if these differences are functionally significant, the ability of Bacillus subtilis to secrete four different E. coli envelope proteins was tested. A pulse-chase analysis demonstrated that the periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP), ribose-binding protein (RBP), alkaline phosphatase (PhoA), and outer membrane protein OmpA were only inefficiently secreted. Inefficient secretion could be ascribed largely to properties of the homologous signal peptides, since replacing them with the B. amyloliquefaciens alkaline protease signal peptide resulted in significant increases in both the rate and extent of export. The relative efficiency with which the native precursors were secreted (OmpA >> RBP > MBP > PhoA) was most closely correlated with the overall hydrophobicity of their h regions. This correlation was strengthened by the observation that the B. amyloliquefaciens levansucrase signal peptide, whose h region has an overall hydrophobicity similar to that of E. coli signal peptides, was able to direct secretion of only modest levels of MBP and OmpA. These results imply that there are differences between the secretion machineries of B. subtilis and E. coli and demonstrate that the outer membrane protein OmpA can be translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane of B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Collier
- Central Research and Development Division, E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
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Puohiniemi R, Muotiala A, Helander IM, Sarvas M. Conformation of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpA produced in Bacillus subtilis: influence of lipopolysaccharide. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993; 106:105-10. [PMID: 8440462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The conformation of the outer membrane protein OmpA of Escherichia coli produced in Bacillus subtilis and solubilized in Sarkosyl was studied by measuring its ability to bind OmpA-specific phage K3 and to inhibit F-mediated conjugation. The partially purified protein was inactive in both of these assays. Refolding of the protein in the presence of lipopolysaccharide resulted in preparations with full phage-binding and conjugation-inhibiting capacity, indicating the formation of surface-exposed loops of OmpA of native conformation. The finding is of importance for the potential use of outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Puohiniemi
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Nurminen M, Butcher S, Idänpään-Heikkilä I, Wahlström E, Muttilainen S, Runeberg-Nyman K, Sarvas M, Mäkelä PH. The class 1 outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis produced in Bacillus subtilis can give rise to protective immunity. Mol Microbiol 1992; 6:2499-506. [PMID: 1406285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The class 1 outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis B:15:P1.7,16 was expressed in Bacillus subtilis in high yield as intracellular aggregates. These were easy to isolate and the protein (called BacP1) could be solubilized under denaturing conditions. Sera of mice immunized with thus-solubilized BacP1 contained high titres of antibodies that reacted with the class 1 protein of the meningococcal envelope in immunoblots but did not react with native meningococcal envelope in enzyme immunoassays (EIA) or with intact meningococci in bactericidal assays. However, when the BacP1 protein was complexed with heterologous (Salmonella) lipopolysaccharide, the ensuing sera reacted with meningococcal envelope preparations in both EIA and immunoblots, showed subtype-specific bactericidal activity, and were protective in an infant rat meningitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nurminen
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Harwood CR. Bacillus subtilis and its relatives: molecular biological and industrial workhorses. Trends Biotechnol 1992; 10:247-56. [PMID: 1368322 DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(92)90233-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The non-pathogenic bacterium Bacillus subtilis, since its first reported genetic transformation in 1959, has become a model system for the study of many aspects of the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of Gram-positive bacteria, and particularly of sporulation and associated metabolism. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology of B. subtilis has led to the recent development of this bacterium as a host for the industrial production of heterologous proteins. Although difficulties have been encountered, these are being systematically addressed and overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Harwood
- Department of Microbiology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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