1
|
Thirumalaikumar E, Lelin C, Sathishkumar R, Vimal S, Anand SB, Babu MM, Citarasu T. Oral delivery of pVAX-OMP and pVAX-hly DNA vaccine using chitosan-tripolyphosphate (Cs-TPP) nanoparticles in Rohu, (Labeo rohita) for protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:189-197. [PMID: 34147613 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the effectiveness of DNA vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila through oral route using chitosan-tripolyphosphate (Cs-TPP) nanoparticles encapsulation. The virulent gene of outer membrane protein (OMP) and hemolysin (hly) related to pathogenicity of A. hydrophila was used to construct a DNA vaccine using pVAX1, and the construct was named as pVAX-OMP and pVAX-hly DNA vaccines. The pVAX-OMP and pVAX-hly DNA vaccines were encapsulated by Cs-TPP nanoparticles and size measured by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The encapsulation efficiency of Cs-TPP nanoparticles was found to be 79.6% for pVAX-OMP DNA and 82.3% for pVAX-hly DNA binding with Cs-TPP nanoparticles. The stability and invitro release profile of plasmid DNA was also determined after encapsulation using DNase and chitosanase. DNA vaccines distribution in tissues was investigated in fish fed with the pVAX-OMP, pVAX-hly and pVAX-OMP+pVAX-hly encapsulated in Cs-TPP nanoparticles and confirmed by PCR and multiplex PCR. The results suggest that Cs-TPP nanoparticles encapsulated DNA vaccine delivered into fish by feeding. After oral vaccination of Labeo rohita were challenged with A. hydrophila by intraperitoneal injection. Relatively, gene expression of c- and g-type lysozyme followed by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (Interlukin-10 and Tumor Growth Factor β) was up-regulated in heart and kidney for pVAX-OMP+pVAX-hly vaccinated group. Moreover, fish fed with pVAX-OMP+pVAX-hly encapsulated in Cs-TPP nanoparticles had a significantly higher survival rate (76.2%) against A. hydrophila. This study concludes that pVAX-OMP and pVAX-hly DNA vaccines can be delivered orally using Cs-TPP nanoparticles for protection against A. hydrophilainfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eswaramoorthy Thirumalaikumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, 629502, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chinnadurai Lelin
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, 629502, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Sathishkumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, 629502, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sugumar Vimal
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Ranipet, 632509, Tamilnadu, India; Indigen Biotech Private Limited, Arani, Thiruvannamalai, 632301, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Setty Balakrishnan Anand
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mariavincent Michael Babu
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, 629502, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thavasimuthu Citarasu
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, 629502, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phenotypic Diversity and Potential Virulence Factors of the Shewanella Putrefaciens Group Isolated from Freshwater Fish. J Vet Res 2019; 63:321-332. [PMID: 31572811 PMCID: PMC6749743 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Shewanella putrefaciens group are ubiquitous microorganisms recently isolated from different freshwater fish species and causing serious health disorders. The purpose of the study was to characterise isolates of the S. putrefaciens group with special emphasis on elucidating serological diversity and determining putative virulence factors. Material and Methods Isolates collected from freshwater fish (n = 44) and reference strains were used. The identification of bacteria was carried out using biochemical kits and 16S rRNA sequencing. Polyclonal antibodies were prepared against the S. putrefaciens group. The bacterium’s susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, its enzymatic properties, and its adhesion ability to fish cell lines were also tested. Finally, selected isolates were used in challenge experiments in common carp and rainbow trout. Results Excluding six isolates undeterminable for species, the bacteria were classified to three species: S. putrefaciens, S. xiamenensis, and S. oneidensis, and showed some phenotypic diversity. Fourteen serological variants of the S. putrefaciens group were determined with the newly developed serotyping scheme. Conclusion Serodiversity may play an important role in the virulence of particular isolates. Further, S. putrefaciens group members adhere to epithelial cells and produce enzymes which may contribute to their virulence. Challenge tests confirmed the pathogenicity of the S. putrefaciens group for fish.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ran C, Qin C, Xie M, Zhang J, Li J, Xie Y, Wang Y, Li S, Liu L, Fu X, Lin Q, Li N, Liles MR, Zhou Z. Aeromonas veroniiand aerolysin are important for the pathogenesis of motile aeromonad septicemia in cyprinid fish. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3442-3456. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Chubin Qin
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Xie
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuning Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Fu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380 People's Republic of China
| | - Ningqiu Li
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510380 People's Republic of China
| | - Mark R. Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou T, Yuan Z, Tan S, Jin Y, Yang Y, Shi H, Wang W, Niu D, Gao L, Jiang W, Gao D, Liu Z. A Review of Molecular Responses of Catfish to Bacterial Diseases and Abiotic Stresses. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1113. [PMID: 30210354 PMCID: PMC6119772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Catfish is one of the major aquaculture species in the United States. However, the catfish industry is threatened by several bacterial diseases such as enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), columnaris disease and Aeromonas disease, as well as by abiotic stresses such as high temperature and low oxygen. Research has been conducted for several decades to understand the host responses to these diseases and abiotic stresses. With the development of sequencing technologies, and the application of genome-wide association studies in aquaculture species, significant progress has been made. This review article summarizes recent progress in understanding the molecular responses of catfish after bacterial infection and stress challenges, and in understanding of genomic and genetic basis for disease resistance and stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Zihao Yuan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Suxu Tan
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Yulin Jin
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Huitong Shi
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Donghong Niu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Lei Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Wansheng Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Dongya Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vidhya Hindu S, Thanigaivel S, Vijayakumar S, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A, Thomas J. Effect of microencapsulated probiotic Bacillus vireti 01-polysaccharide extract of Gracilaria folifera with alginate-chitosan on immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:112-120. [PMID: 29208500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide from red seaweed Gracilaria folifera has an interesting functional property of antioxidant activity and prebiotic effect. A feeding trial experiment was directed to examine the effect of probiotic bacteria Bacillus vireti 01 microencapsulated with G. folifera polysaccharide against freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii. Three different feeding trials were conducted for 15 days. The first group contained prawns fed with commercial diet. The second group was comprised of Aeromonas hydrophila challenged prawns fed with commercial feed. The third group consisted of A. hydrophila challenged prawns fed with microencapsulated probiotic-polysaccharide. Survival percentage was significantly decreased in prawns of group2 as compared to that of group1 and group3 prawns (p < 0.0001). The immunological parameters and antioxidant activities (p < 0.001) were found to be increased in group three prawns which were fed with encapsulated probiotic-seaweed polysaccharide and challenged with A. hydrophila as compared to that of group1 and group2. Tissue necrosis, fused lamella, haemocyte infiltration and damage of hepatopancreas lumen and tubule were noted in group2 prawns. There was no histological changes were observed in group3 prawns in which the histological architecture was similar to the control group1. The results suggested that combination of encapsulated probiotic B. vireti 01 and seaweed polysaccharide as dietary feed showed an enhancement of immune response, antioxidant activity and disease resistant of M. rosenbergii against A. hydrophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vidhya Hindu
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Thanigaivel
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Phylogenetic analysis of the pathogenic genus Aeromonas spp. isolated from diseased eels in China. Microb Pathog 2016; 101:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Djauhari R, . W, . S, Suprayudi MA, Zairin Jr. M. Characterization of Bacillus sp. NP5 and its Application as Probiotic for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2016.101.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
Functional Genomics of the Aeromonas salmonicida Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen and A-Layer from Typical and Atypical Strains. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3791-808. [PMID: 26082990 PMCID: PMC4483657 DOI: 10.3390/md13063791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The A. salmonicida A450 LPS O-antigen, encoded by the wbsalmo gene cluster, is exported through an ABC-2 transporter-dependent pathway. It represents the first example of an O-antigen LPS polysaccharide with three different monosaccharides in their repeating unit assembled by this pathway. Until now, only repeating units with one or two different monosaccharides have been described. Functional genomic analysis of this wbsalmo region is mostly in agreement with the LPS O-antigen structure of acetylated l-rhamnose (Rha), d-glucose (Glc), and 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-mannose (ManN). Between genes of the wbsalmo we found the genes responsible for the biosynthesis and assembly of the S-layer (named A-layer in these strains). Through comparative genomic analysis and in-frame deletions of some of the genes, we concluded that all the A. salmonicida typical and atypical strains, other than A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica strains, shared the same wbsalmo and presence of A-layer. A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica strains lack wbsalmo and A-layer, two major virulence factors, and this could be the reason they are the only ones not found as fish pathogens.
Collapse
|
9
|
Molecular and chemical analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Aeromonas hydrophila strain AH-1 (Serotype O11). Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2233-49. [PMID: 25874921 PMCID: PMC4413209 DOI: 10.3390/md13042233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A group of virulent Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria, and A. veronii biovar sobria strains isolated from humans and fish have been described; these strains classified to serotype O11 are serologically related by their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen (O-polysaccharide), and the presence of an S-layer consisting of multiple copies of a crystalline surface array protein with a molecular weight of 52 kDa in the form of a crystalline surface array which lies peripheral to the cell wall. A. hydrophila strain AH-1 is one of them. We isolated the LPS from this strain and determined the structure of the O-polysaccharide, which was similar to that previously described for another strain of serotype O11. The genetics of the O11-antigen showed the genes (wbO11 cluster) in two sections separated by genes involved in biosynthesis and assembly of the S-layer. The O11-antigen LPS is an example of an ABC-2-transporter-dependent pathway for O-antigen heteropolysaccharide (disaccharide) assembly. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of the LPS core (waaO11 cluster) were also identified in three different chromosome regions being nearly identical to the ones described for A. hydrophila AH-3 (serotype O34). The genetic data and preliminary chemical analysis indicated that the LPS core for strain AH-1 is identical to the one for strain AH-3.
Collapse
|
10
|
SongLin G, PanPan L, JianJun F, JinPing Z, Peng L, LiHua D. A novel recombinant bivalent outer membrane protein of Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas hydrophila as a vaccine antigen of American eel (Anguilla rostrata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:477-484. [PMID: 25655329 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The immogenicity of a novel vaccine antigen was evaluated after immunized American eels (Anguilla rostrata) with a recombinant bivalent expressed outer membrane protein (OMP) of Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas hydrophila. Three groups of eels were intraperitoneal (i.p) injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), formaline-killed-whole-cell (FKC) of A. hydrophila and V. vulnificus (FKC group) or the bivalent OMP (OMP group). On 14, 21, 28 and 42 days post-vaccination respectively, proliferation of the whole blood cells, titers of specific antibody and lysozyme activities of experimental eels were detected. On 28 day post-vaccination, eels from three groups were challenged by i.p injection of live A. hydrophila or V. vulnificus. The results showed that, compared with the PBS group, proliferation of whole blood cells in OMP group was significant enhanced on 28 days, and the serum titers of anti-A.hydrophila and anti-V. vulnificus antibody in eels of FKC and OMP group were significant increased on 14, 21 and 28d. Lysozyme Activities in serum, skin mucus, liver and kidney were significant changed between the three groups. Relative Percent Survival (RPS) after challenged A. hydrophila in KFC vs. PBS group and OMP vs. PBS group were 62.5% and 50% respectively, and the RPS challenged V. vulnificus in FKC and OMP vs. PBS group were 37.5% and 50% respectively. These results suggest that American eels immunized with the bivalent OMP would positively affect specific as well as non-specific immune parameters and protect against infection by the two pathogens in fresh water farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo SongLin
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC. Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Lu PanPan
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC. Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Feng JianJun
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC. Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zhao JinPing
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC. Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC. Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Duan LiHua
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC. Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang X, Cai W, Tao Z, Arias CR. Survival of Fish-Pathogenic Strains of Aeromonas hydrophila under Starvation. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2014; 26:190-193. [PMID: 25229491 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2014.922515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The survival of Aeromonas hydrophila under low-nutrient conditions was investigated in this study. The behavior of three strains isolated from Common Carp Cyprinus carpio (China) and Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus (USA) was compared when cells were starved at different temperatures (4, 15, 25, and 35°C) over a 4-week period. Temperature played a major role in cell survival, and cell viability decreased rapidly at 4°C. Conversely, cells stored at 15°C did not lose viability over time. Warmer temperatures (25°C and 35°C) decreased cell numbers by approximately one order of magnitude. Ultrastructural changes in cell morphology were observed in starved cells. Our data confirm that A. hydrophila can persist in the aquatic environment for extended periods, but survival is strongly influenced by temperature. Received December 13, 2013; accepted March 22, 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- a Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences , Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mu X, Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH. Comparative transcriptional analysis reveals distinct expression patterns of channel catfish genes after the first infection and re-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1566-76. [PMID: 24036330 PMCID: PMC7111657 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether transcriptional levels of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) genes are differentially regulated between a first infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and a re-infection, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed in this study using anterior kidney cDNA after the re-infection as tester. Of the 96 clones isolated from the SSH library, 28 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained, of which eight were confirmed to be slightly but significantly (P < 0.05) more up-regulated by the re-infection at 6 h post infection (hpi). Expression kinetics studies at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hpi revealed that the eight ESTs were significantly (P = 0.016) more up-regulated by the first infection, with a major peak at 3 hpi. A total of 96 genes reported in literature to be up-regulated by bacterial infections were selected and subjected to expression analysis at 3 hpi. Of the 96 selected genes, 19 were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) induced by A. hydrophila after the first infection and the re-infection. The 19 genes belonged to the following five main categories: 1) toll-like receptor (TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR21); 2) antimicrobial peptide (NK-lysin type 1, NK-lysin type 2, NK-lysin type 3, cathepsin D, transferrin, hepcidin); 3) cytokine or chemokine (interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor α, chemokine CXCL-10); 4) signaling proteins (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1, very large inducible GTPase 1, arginine deiminase type 2, lymphokine-activated killer T-cell originated protein kinase); 5) lysozyme (lysozyme c). Overall, the total 27 genes (8 ESTs plus the 19 selected genes) were significantly (P < 0.001) more induced by the first infection. Peaked expression of lysozyme c and serum lysozyme activity after the first infection were seen at 24 hpi, whereas that after the re-infection were seen at 12 hpi, suggesting that both innate and adaptive immunity were involved in the defense against the re-infection of A. hydrophila.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pridgeon JW, Yildirim-Aksoy M, Klesius PH, Srivastava KK, Reddy PG. Attenuation of a virulent Aeromonas hydrophila with novobiocin and pathogenic characterization of the novobiocin-resistant strain. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:1319-28. [PMID: 22897434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether novobiocin resistance strategy could be used to attenuate a virulent Aeromonas hydrophila AH11P strain and to characterize the growth and pathogenic differences between the novobiocin-resistant strain and its virulent parent strain AH11P. METHODS AND RESULTS A novobiocin-resistant strain AH11NOVO was obtained from a virulent Aer. hydrophila strain AH11P through selection of resistance to novobiocin. AH11NOVO was found to be avirulent to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), whereas AH11P was virulent. When AH11NOVO vaccinated channel catfish were challenged with AH11P at 14 days postvaccination, relative per cent of survival of vaccinated fish was 100%. The cell proliferation rate of AH11NOVO was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) less than that of AH11P. In vitro motility assay revealed that AH11NOVO was nonmotile, whereas AH11P was motile. AH11NOVO had significantly (P < 0.05) lower in vitro chemotactic response to catfish mucus than that of AH11P. Although the ability of AH11NOVO to attach catfish gill cells was similar to that of AH11P, the ability of AH11NOVO to invade catfish gill cells was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of AH11P. CONCLUSIONS The novobiocin-resistant AH11NOVO is attenuated and different from its parent AH11P in pathogenicity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The significantly lower chemotactic response and invasion ability of AH11NOVO compared with that of its virulent parent strain AH11P might shed light on the pathogenesis of Aer. hydrophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Auburn, AL 36832, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mu X, Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH. Transcriptional profiles of multiple genes in the anterior kidney of channel catfish vaccinated with an attenuated Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1162-1172. [PMID: 22019831 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A total of 22 uniquely expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified from channel catfish anterior kidney subtractive cDNA library at 12 h post vaccination with an attenuated Aeromonas hydrophila (AL09-71 N+R). Of the 22 ESTs, six were confirmed to be significantly (P < 0.05) induced by the vaccination. Of 88 channel catfish genes selected from literature, 14 were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated by the vaccination. The transcriptional levels of the total 20 genes induced by the vaccination were then compared to that induced by the virulent parent A. hydrophila (AL09-71) at different time points. At 3 h post vaccination (hpv) or infection (hpi), Na(+)/K(+) ATPase α subunit was upregulated the most. At 6 and 12 hpv or hpi, hepcidin and interleukin-1β were induced the highest. At 24 hpv or hpi, hepcidin was upregulated the most, followed by lysozyme c. At 48 hpi, lysozyme c and hepcidin were significantly induced. When vaccinated fish were challenged by AL09-71, relative percent of survival of vaccinated fish were 100% at 14 days post vaccination (dpv). Transcriptional levels of toll-like receptor 5 and hepcidin were significantly upregulated in vaccinated fish at 14 dpv. Taken together, our results suggest that vaccination with attenuated A. hydrophila mimics infection by live bacteria, inducing multiple immune genes in channel catfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiang Mu
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pridgeon JW, Aksoy M, Klesius PH, Li Y, Mu X, Srivastava K, Reddy G. Identification and expression profiles of multiple genes in Nile tilapia in response to bacterial infections. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:111-9. [PMID: 21840065 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to bacterial infection, suppression subtractive cDNA hybridization technique was used to identify upregulated genes in the posterior kidney of Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 31 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified from 192 clones of the subtractive cDNA library. Quantitative PCR revealed that nine of the 31 ESTs were significantly (p<0.05) upregulated in Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with A. hydrophila at an injection dose of 10(5)CFU per fish (≈ 20% mortality). Of the nine upregulated genes, four were also significantly (p<0.05) induced in Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with A. hydrophila at an injection dose of 10(6)CFU per fish (≈ 60% mortality). Of the four genes induced by A. hydrophila at both injection doses, three were also significantly (p<0.05) upregulated in Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with Streptococcus iniae at doses of 10(6) and at 10(5)CFU per fish (≈ 70% and ≈ 30% mortality, respectively). The three genes induced by both bacteria included EST 2A05 (similar to adenylate kinase domain containing protein 1), EST 2G11 (unknown protein, shared similarity with Salmo salar IgH locus B genomic sequence with e value of 0.02), and EST 2H04 (unknown protein). Significant upregulation of these genes in Nile tilapia following bacterial infections suggested that they might play important roles in host response to infections of A. hydrophila and S. iniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH. Development and efficacy of novobiocin and rifampicin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila as novel vaccines in channel catfish and Nile tilapia. Vaccine 2011; 29:7896-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
17
|
Zhao Y, Liu Q, Wang X, Zhou L, Wang Q, Zhang Y. Surface display of Aeromonas hydrophila GAPDH in attenuated Vibrio anguillarum to develop a Noval multivalent vector vaccine. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 13:963-970. [PMID: 21246232 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-010-9359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Displaying foreign antigens on the surface of attenuated or avirulent bacteria is an important strategy to develop live multivalent vector vaccines. In our previous work, several efficient surface display systems have been established based on outer membrane anchoring elements, which could successfully display heterologous proteins in attenuated Vibrio anguillarum. In this work, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila LSA34 was fused to seven display systems and introduced into attenuated V. anguillarum strain MVAV6203 (AV) to get seven GAPDH-display strains. The strain AV/pN-gapA showed the best display efficacy of GAPDH and was tested as the multivalent vaccine candidate. Further immune protection evaluation of AV/pN-gapA in turbot (Scophtalmus maximus) demonstrated that the attenuated V. anguillarum with surface-displayed GAPDH of A. hydrophila LSA34 effectively protected turbot from the infections of A. hydrophila and V. anguillarum and showed potential value for further multivalent vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH, Mu X, Carter D, Fleming K, Xu D, Srivastava K, Reddy G. Identification of unique DNA sequences present in highly virulent 2009 Alabama isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila. Vet Microbiol 2011; 152:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH. Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila to channel catfish Ictaluras punctatus fingerlings in the presence and absence of bacterial extracellular products. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2011; 95:209-215. [PMID: 21932532 DOI: 10.3354/dao02357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the virulence of three 2009 west Alabama isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila (AL09-71, AL09-72 and AL09-73) to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fingerlings (4.6 +/- 1.3 g) in the presence and absence of extracellular products (ECPs) from overnight bacterial culture using both bath immersion and intraperitoneal injection routes. At a concentration of 1.65 x 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU) ml(-1), AL09-73 without its ECPs killed 100% of the catfish fingerlings within 2 h by bath immersion. However, at a similar concentration, AL09-73 in the presence of its ECPs killed only 23 +/- 6% catfish fingerlings. The absence of ECPs in the bath immersion experiment also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the virulence of AL09-71, AL09-72, and AL98-C1B, a 1998 Alabama strain of A. hydrophila, suggesting that the virulence of the 4 A. hydrophila isolates was mainly due to bacterial cells, not to their overnight ECPs. Filter-sterilized ECPs failed to kill any catfish by bath immersion or injection. The virulence order of the 4 A. hydrophila isolates, by both bath immersion and intraperitoneal injection, was: AL09-73 > or = AL09-71 > AL09-72 > or = AL98-C1B. At 2 h post bath immersion, all 4 isolates of A. hydrophila were found in all tissues studied (skin, intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, gill and brain), with the highest bacteria count being in the gill and kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, Alabama 36832, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH. Molecular identification and virulence of three Aeromonas hydrophila isolates cultured from infected channel catfish during a disease outbreak in west Alabama (USA) in 2009. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2011; 94:249-253. [PMID: 21790073 DOI: 10.3354/dao02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three isolates (AL09-71, AL09-72, and AL09-73) of Aeromonas hydrophila were cultured from infected channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus during a disease outbreak in west Alabama, USA, in August 2009. Sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR), cpn60, gyrB, and rpoD genes of the 3 strains revealed that the 3 strains were closely related to each other, sharing 97 to 99% nucleotide sequence similarities. However, ISR sequences of the 3 isolates from 2009 shared only 64% nucleotide sequences with AL98-C1B, a 1998 isolate of A. hydrophila cultured from diseased fish in Alabama. Sequences of cpn60, gyrB, and rpoD from the 3 isolates from 2009 shared 91 to 95% homologies with AL98-C1B. Based on both LD50 and LD95 values of intraperitoneal injection assays, the virulences of the 3 isolates from 2009 were not significantly different from each other, but were at least 200-fold more virulent than AL98-C1B, indicating that the 3 west Alabama isolates of A. hydrophila from 2009 were highly virulent to channel catfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, Alabama 36832, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH, Mu X, Song L. An in vitro screening method to evaluate chemicals as potential chemotherapeutants to control Aeromonas hydrophila infection in channel catfish. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:114-24. [PMID: 21501349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop an in vitro screening method to be used for identifying potential effective chemotherapeutants to control Aeromonas hydrophila infections. METHODS AND RESULTS Using catfish gill cells G1B and four chemicals (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride, potassium permanganate and D-mannose), the feasibility of using an in vitro screening method to identify potential effective chemotherapeutants was evaluated in this study. In vitro screening results revealed that, at concentration of 100 mg l⁻¹, H₂O₂ was the only chemical tested that was able to completely abolish the attachment and invasion of Aer. hydrophila to catfish gill cells. In vivo virulence studies using live channel catfish through bath immersion confirmed that H₂O₂ was the only chemical tested that was able to significantly (P < 0·001) reduce the mortality (from 90 or 100% to 0 or 20%) caused by Aer. hydrophila infections. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro screening method using catfish gill cells G1B could be used to initially identify potential effective chemotherapeutants to control Aer. hydrophila. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY An in vitro screening method using catfish gill cells to identify potential effective chemotherapeutants described here will cut cost in research compared with the method of using live fish to screen lead compounds for fish disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Esteve C, Amaro C, Garay E, Santos Y, Toranzo AE. Pathogenicity of live bacteria and extracellular products of motileAeromonasisolated from eels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Subashkumar R, Vivekanandhan G, Raja SSS, Natarajaseenivasan K, Thayumanavan T, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P. Typing of Aeromonas hydrophila of fish and human diarrhoeal origin by outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides. Indian J Microbiol 2007; 47:46-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12088-007-0009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
24
|
Esteve C, Alcaide E, Canals R, Merino S, Blasco D, Figueras MJ, Tomás JM. Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila serogroup O:14 and O:81 strains with an S layer. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:5898-904. [PMID: 15466530 PMCID: PMC522084 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.10.5898-5904.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five autoagglutinating Aeromonas hydrophila isolates recovered from eels and humans were assigned to serogroups O:14 and O:81 of the Sakazaki and Shimada (National Institutes of Health) scheme. They had the following properties in common: positive precipitation after boiling, moderate surface hydrophobicity (salt-aggregation-test value around 1.2), pathogenicity for fish and mice (50% lethal dose, 10(4.61) to 10(7.11)), lipopolysaccharides that contained O-polysaccharide chains of homogeneous chain length, and an external S layer peripheral to the cell wall observed by electron microscopy. A strong cross-reactivity was detected by immunoblotting between the homogeneous O-polysaccharide fraction of O:14 and O:81 strains but not between them and the lipopolysaccharide of A. hydrophila TF7 (O:11 reference strain). Outer membrane fractions of these strains contained a predominant 53- to 54-kDa protein which was glycine extractable under low-pH (pH 2.8) conditions and was identified as the surface array protein. The S-layer proteins of the O:14 and O:81 A. hydrophila strains seemed to be primarily different from those previously purified from strains A. hydrophila TF7 and Aeromonas salmonicida A450 on the basis of colony hybridizations with both the structural genes vapA and ahsA. This is the first report of the presence of an S layer in mesophilic Aeromonas strains not belonging to serogroup O:11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Esteve
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sendra RM, Esteve C, Alcaide E. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Aeromonas hydrophila serogroup O:19. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997; 157:123-9. [PMID: 9418247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed for the detection of Aeromonas hydrophila serogroup O:19 isolated from epizootics in eels. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specificity was confirmed after testing A. hydrophila O:19 and non-O:19 strains from different origins, as well as other Aeromonas species and other fish pathogens such as Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, V. furnisii, V. damsela, Yersinia ruckerii and Edwardsiella tarda. The detection limits for A. hydrophila O:19 cells were around 10(4)-10(5) cells/well. Artificially infected eels were analyzed and the immunodetection was confirmed by cultural methods. With this methodology A. hydrophila O:19 was successfully detected in infected eels and water samples. We described two subgroups within the serogroup O:19 (Guinée and Jansen system), one of them presents a 50 kDa outer membrane protein as a strong thermostable antigen which is not present in the other group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Sendra
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Santos Y, Bandín I, Toranzo AE. Immunological analysis of extracellular products and cell surface components of motile Aeromonas isolated from fish. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1996; 81:585-93. [PMID: 8972085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the characterization of antigens present in the extracellular products (ECP) and cell wall of strains of motile Aeromonas isolated from rainbow trout culture systems. The relationships among virulence for fish, O-serogroup and profile of LPS were also examined. The slide agglutination test showed that most of the virulent strains of motile Aeromonas (72%) were included in the serotypes O3, O6, O11 and O19 (Guinée and Jansen System). However, there were also non-pathogenic strains within these groups. Electrophoretic analysis of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and proteins from cell envelope and ECP showed heterogeneity not only among the different serogroups but also within the same serotype. Immunoblot assays of cell envelope components, and of LPS present in the ECP demonstrated a close relationship among Aeromonas strains from the same serotype, while strains from different serotypes were not immunologically related. Moreover, this assay showed that motile Aeromonas belonging to distinct serotypes produced extracellular proteins immunologically related. On the other hand, antigenic cross reactivity was observed between the LPS obtained from cell envelope and those obtained from the ECP. The present results point out the need to include strains representative of each of the serotypes which predominates in a particular area and their ECPs in the formation of vaccines against motile Aeromonas septicaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Santos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Santos Y, Bandín I, Toranzo A. Immunological analysis of extracellular products and cell surface components of motile Aeromonas isolated from fish. J Appl Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb01958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|