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Multilocus Phylogeography of the Tuber mesentericum Complex Unearths Three Highly Divergent Cryptic Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121090. [PMID: 34947072 PMCID: PMC8704588 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuber mesentericum is an edible European black truffle, apparently easy to recognize, but showing a high degree of genetic variability. In this study, we performed an integrative taxonomic assessment of the T. mesentericum complex, combining a multilocus phylogeographic approach with morphological analyses, and including authentic specimens of Vittadini, and Berkeley and Broome. We performed maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses, based on single and concatenated gene datasets (ITS rDNA, β-tubulin, elongation factor 1-α), and including all available sequences from previous studies. Phylogenetic analyses consistently recovered three reciprocally monophyletic and well-supported clades: clade I, with a wide range across Europe; clade II, specimens collected mainly in the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas; and clade III, specimens collected almost exclusively in central Italy. Genetic distance between clades ranged from 10.4% to 13.1% at the ITS region. We also designed new primer pairs specific for each phylogenetic lineage. Morphology of spores, asci, and peridium were investigated on specimens representing the three lineages. Macro- and micromorphological analyses of ascomata revealed only a few, but not diagnostic, differences between the three phylogenetic lineages, thus, confirming that they are morphologically cryptic. By studying authentic specimens of Vittadini, and Berkeley and Broome, it was possible to identify the three clades as T. mesentericum, Tuber bituminatum, and Tuber suave sp. nov., and to designate an epitype for T. mesentericum s.s. and a lectotype for T. bituminatum. Future investigations on volatile organic compound (VOC) composition are needed to define the aroma repertoires in this species complex.
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Leonardi M, Iotti M, Mello A, Vizzini A, Paz-Conde A, Trappe J, Pacioni G. Typification of the Four Most Investigated and Valuable Truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2021. [DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leonardi
- Dept. of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila (Italy)
| | - Mirco Iotti
- Dept. of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila (Italy)
| | - Antonietta Mello
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | | | | | - James Trappe
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (United States)
| | - Giovanni Pacioni
- Dept. of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila (Italy)
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Genotypic diversity of the Asiatic black truffle, Tuber himalayense, collected in spontaneous and highly productive truffle grounds. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Schelm S, Siemt M, Pfeiffer J, Lang C, Tichy HV, Fischer M. Food Authentication: Identification and Quantitation of Different Tuber Species via Capillary Gel Electrophoresis and Real-Time PCR. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040501. [PMID: 32316117 PMCID: PMC7230311 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Truffles are hypogeous fungi mainly found in Europe and Asia. Due to their special aroma and taste, some truffle species are sold on the international market at an extremely high price. Among the economically relevant species, the white Alba truffle (Tuber magnatum) and the black Périgord truffle (T. melanosporum) are the most appreciated species. The fruiting bodies of the Asian black truffle are morphologically very similar to T. melanosporum, and those of the Bianchetto truffle (T. albidum Pico) are similar to T. magnatum, but are of little economic value. Highly valued species are adulterated with cheaper ones, especially. Because of this problem, the aim of this study was the development of methods for detecting possible admixtures to protect consumers from fraud. This study is based on seven different truffle species (117 fruiting bodies) from different growing regions. Additionally, selected truffle products were included. Using this material, a real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay allowing the detection and quantitation of Asian black truffles in T. melanosporum up to 0.5% was developed. In addition, a capillary gel electrophoresis assay was designed, which allows the identification and quantitation of different species. The methods can be used to ensure the integrity of truffle products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schelm
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Melanie Siemt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Janin Pfeiffer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Christina Lang
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (C.L.)
| | | | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.S.); (J.P.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-4042-838-43-57
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Leonardi M, Paz-Conde A, Guevara G, Salvi D, Pacioni G. Two new species of Tuber previously reported as Tuber malacodermum. Mycologia 2019; 111:676-689. [PMID: 31107638 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1603777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent collections of Tuber malacodermum from Spain, Corsica, and Mexico were compared in an integrative morphological and molecular phylogenetic framework, including study of type material. Phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) and nuc 28S rDNA (28S) regions showed that specimens from Spain and Corsica form a monophyletic group closely related to T. melosporum and T. rufum, whereas Mexican specimens form a clade within the T. lyonii species complex. Peridium and ascospore morphology contribute clear morphological distinctions among specimens from Spain and Corsica, Mexico, and the type specimen of T. malacodermum. Based on results of the morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, we assigned the specimens from Spain and Corsica to Tuber pustulatum, sp. nov., and the Mexican specimens to Tuber theleascum, sp. nov. We restrict T. malacodermum to the sole type material. Formal descriptions and illustrations of these taxa are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leonardi
- a Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Aurelia Paz-Conde
- b Carrer Vall-Ter 791, apdo. correos 6, Caldes de Malavella , 17455, Girona , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guevara
- c Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria, Bldv. Emilio, Portel Gil No. 1301 Pte., C.P. 87010, Cd. Victoria , Tamaulipas , México
| | - Daniele Salvi
- a Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,d CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto , Campus de Vairão , Vairão , Portugal
| | - Giovanni Pacioni
- a Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Polemis E, Konstantinidis G, Fryssouli V, Slavova M, Tsampazis T, Nakkas V, Assyov B, Kaounas V, Zervakis GI. Tuberpulchrosporum sp. nov., a black truffle of the Aestivum clade (Tuberaceae, Pezizales) from the Balkan peninsula. MycoKeys 2019:35-51. [PMID: 30820166 PMCID: PMC6393397 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.47.32085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the diversity of hypogeous sequestrate ascomycetes is still limited in the Balkan Peninsula. A new species of truffle, Tuberpulchrosporum, is described from Greece and Bulgaria. Specimens were collected from habitats dominated by various oak species (i.e. Quercusilex, Q.coccifera, Q.robur) and other angiosperms. They are morphologically characterised by subglobose, ovoid to irregularly lobed, yellowish-brown to dark brown ascomata, usually with a shallow basal cavity and surface with fissures and small, dense, almost flat, trihedral to polyhedral warts. Ascospores are ellipsoid to subfusiform, uniquely ornamented, crested to incompletely reticulate and are produced in (1-)2-8-spored asci. Hair-like, hyaline to light yellow hyphae protrude from the peridium surface. According to the outcome of ITS rDNA sequence analysis, this species forms a distinct well-supported group in the Aestivum clade, with T.panniferum being the closest phylogenetic taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Polemis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Vassiliki Fryssouli
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Monica Slavova
- 4 Krivolak Street, Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria Unaffiliated Sofia Bulgaria
| | | | - Vasileios Nakkas
- Konstantinou Davaki 218, Neochoropoulo, 45500 Ioannina, Greece Unaffiliated Ioannina Greece
| | - Boris Assyov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Vasileios Kaounas
- Sokratous 40, 19016 Artemis, Attica, Greece Unaffiliated Artemis Greece
| | - Georgios I Zervakis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece Agricultural University of Athens Athens Greece
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Li JM, Liang HQ, Qiao P, Su KM, Liu PG, Guo SX, Chen J. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Tuber indicum from Different Geographical Regions of China. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800609. [PMID: 30605248 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuber indicum, an endemic truffle species in eastern Asian, is an edible mushroom that is both an important export and widely distributed across China. Many existing studies on truffles focus on analyzing their taxonomy, population genetics, volatile organic compounds and artificial cultivation of the truffles, while little information is available about their nutrient composition and pharmacological activity, especially the relationship between chemical composition in ascocarps and their geographic distributions. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the chemical composition of T. indicum, including free sugars, fatty acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, and tracks the antioxidant activity of T. indicum ascocarps collected from five geographical regions of four provinces in P. R. China: Hebei, Tibet, Yunnan, and Liaoning province. Our results showed that T. indicum collected from Qujing, Yunnan province, possessed the highest amount of free sugars (23.67 mg/g dw), total flavonoids (2.31 mg/g dw), total phenolics (4.46 mg/g dw) and the highest DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities. The amount of water-soluble polysaccharides was the highest (115.24 mg/g dw) in ascocarps from Tibet, the total organic acids was the highest (22.073 mg/g dw) in ascocarps from Gongshan, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were most abundant in those from Hebei province. This study reveals that the quantity of chemical compounds in T. indicum varies by geographical origin. Detecting differences in chemical composition may provide important data for understanding the relationship between environmental factors and truffle formation, as well as quality evaluation of the commercial species T. indicum throughout China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Han-Qiao Liang
- Biochemical School, Beijing City University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Peng Qiao
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Mei Su
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Gui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography at East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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Phylogeography and population genetic analyses reveal the speciation of the Tuber indicum complex. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 113:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Using mating-type loci to improve taxonomy of the Tuber indicum complex, and discovery of a new species, T. longispinosum. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193745. [PMID: 29590201 PMCID: PMC5874008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Black truffles that morphologically resemble Tuber indicum have been known to occur in Japan since 1979. Our previous studies showed that there are two phylotypes of these truffles, both of which fell into the T. indicum complex (hereinafter "Tuber sp. 6" and "Tuber sp. 7"). However, their taxonomic treatment is still unclear. In this study, we conducted morphological and phylogenetic analyses for a total of 52 specimens from Japan (16 Tuber sp. 6 and 13 Tuber sp. 7), China (10 T. himalayense and 8 T. indicum), and Taiwan (5 T. formosanum). We compared ascospore ornamentation, size, distribution of asci with average number of spores per ascus, spine size and shape of the Japanese specimens with their allied taxa. For phylogenetic analysis, we sequenced two mating loci (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1) and three commonly used loci (ITS, β-tubulin, and TEF1-α). Three distinct lineages were recognized by phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the two mating-related loci and three independent loci. The Tuber sp. 6 sequences clustered with those of T. himalayense and T. formosanum, and there was no clear difference in morphology among them. Tuber sp. 7 formed a distinct lineage in each phylogram. The specimens tended to have five-spored asci more frequently than other allied species and could be characterized as having ascospore ornamentation with longer spines and narrower spine bases. We therefore described Tuber sp. 7 as a new species (T. longispinosum), and treat Tuber sp. 6 and T. formosanum as synonyms of T. himalayense.
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11
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Chen J, Liu PG. Tuber latisporum sp. nov. and related taxa, based on morphology and DNA sequence data. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2007.11832572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Gui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China
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Chen J, Murat C, Oviatt P, Wang Y, Le Tacon F. The Black Truffles Tuber melanosporum and Tuber indicum. SOIL BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Deng X, Yu F, Liu P. Contribution to Confirmed & Synthesized on Mycorrhizae of <i>Tuber indicum</i> s.l. with Two Dominated & Subalpine Broadleaf Trees in Southwestern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2014.521341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Belfiori B, Riccioni C, Paolocci F, Rubini A. Mating type locus of Chinese black truffles reveals heterothallism and the presence of cryptic species within the T. indicum species complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82353. [PMID: 24358175 PMCID: PMC3864998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuber spp. are filamentous ascomycetes which establish symbiosis with the roots of trees and shrub species. By virtue of this symbiosis they produce hypogeous ascocarps, known as truffles. Filamentous ascomycetes can reproduce by homothallism or heterothallism depending on the structure and organization of their mating type locus. The first mating type locus in a truffle species has been recently characterized in Tuber melanosporum and it has been shown that this fungus, endemic in Europe, is heterothallic. The availability of sequence information for T. melanosporum mating type genes is seminal to cloning their orthologs from other Tuber species and assessing their reproductive mode. Here we report on the organization of the mating type region in T. indicum, the black truffle species present in Asia, which is the closest relative to T. melanosporum and is characterized by an high level of morphological and genetic variability. The present study shows that T. indicum is also heterothallic. Examination of Asiatic black truffles belonging to different genetic classes, sorted according to the sequence polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA region, has revealed sequence variations and rearrangements in both coding and non-coding regions of the mating type locus, to suggest the existence of cryptic species within the T. indicum complex. The presence of transposable elements within or linked to the mating type region suggests a role of these elements in generating the genotypic diversity present among T. indicum strains. Overall, comparative analyses of the mating type locus have thus allowed us to tackle taxonomical and phylogenetic issues within black truffles and make inferences about the evolution of T. melanosporum-T. indicum lineage. Our results are not only of fundamental but also of applied relevance as T. indicum produces edible fruit bodies that are imported also into Europe and thus may represent a biological threat for T. melanosporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Belfiori
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - Perugia Division, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Riccioni
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - Perugia Division, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolocci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - Perugia Division, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Rubini
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources - Perugia Division, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Jamali S, Banihashemi Z. Species-specific ITS primers for the identification of Picoa juniperi and Picoa lefebvrei and using nested-PCR for detection of P. juniperi in planta. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5701-12. [PMID: 24065525 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Desert truffles, hypogeous Pezizales (Ascomycota), are difficult to identify due to evolutionary convergence of morphological characters among taxa that share a similar habitat and mode of spore dispersal. Also, during their symbiotic phase, these are barely distinguishable morphologically, and molecular probes are needed for their identification. We have developed a PCR-based method for the identification of Picoa juniperi and Picoa lefebvrei based on internal transcribed spacers of rDNA. Two PCR primers specific for P. lefebvrei (FLE/RLE) and two specific for P. juniperi (FJU/RJU) were designed. A collection of samples from different geographical areas representing diversity of these species were examined for unique regions of internal transcribed spacers 1, 2 and 5.8S gene of rDNA (ITS) compared to other closely related species. Annealing temperatures and extension times were optimized for each set of primers for maximum specificity and efficiency. They proved to be efficient to specifically detect the presence of P. juniperi and P. lefebvrei by PCR and neither set amplified purified DNA from other truffle species as well as some ascomycetous fungi. The partial small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes of P. juniperi were amplified with the genomic DNA extracted from Helianthemum ledifolium var. ledifolium roots by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the universal fungal primer pair ITS1/ITS4 and specific primer pair FTC/RTC, which was designed based on internal transcribed spacer 1, 2 and 5.8S gene of rDNA sequences of P juniperi. The nested-PCR was sensitive enough to re-amplify the direct-PCR product, resulting in a DNA fragment of 426 bp. The efficacy of nested-PCR showed that it could re-amplify the direct-PCR product and detect 200 fg genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Jamali
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran,
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Molinier V, van Tuinen D, Chevalier G, Gollotte A, Wipf D, Redecker D. A multigene phylogeny demonstrates that Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum are conspecific. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-013-0146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The phylogenetic position of Tuber glabrum sp. nov. and T. sinomonosporum nom. nov., two Paradoxa-like truffle species from China. Mycol Prog 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-013-0908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Díez J, Manjón JL, Martin F. Molecular phylogeny of the mycorrhizal desert truffles (Terfezia and Tirmania), host specificity and edaphic tolerance. Mycologia 2012; 94:247-59. [PMID: 21156494 DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2003.11833230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Terfezia and Tirmania, so called desert truffles, are mycorrhizal fungi mostly endemic to arid and semi-arid areas of the Mediterranean Region, where they are associated with Helianthemum species. The aim of this work was to study the phylogenetic relationships in these pezizalean hypogeous fungi. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear rDNA were studied for several morphological species, Terfezia arenaria, T. boudieri, T. claveryi, T. leptoderma, T. terfezioides (=Mattirolomyces terfezioides), Tirmania nivea and T. pinoyi. The sequences were analyzed with distance and parsimony methods. Phylogenetic analyses indicated a close genetic relationship between Tirmania and Terfezia. They may have arisen from a single evolutionary lineage of pezizalean fungi that developed the hypogeous habit as an adaptation to heat and drought in Mediterranean ecosystems. This analysis also supports the re-establishment of the genus Mattirolomyces. The genera Tirmania and Terfezia were monophyletic, and morphological species corresponded to phylogenetic species. The Tirmania clade comprises desert truffles with smooth spores and amyloid asci, which were found in deserts. The Terfezia clade grouped species found in semi-arid habitats having ornamented and spherical spores. These species are adapted to exploit different types of soil (either acid or basic soils) in association with specific hosts (either basophilous or acidophilous species). Although other factors might also play a role, host specialization and edaphic tolerances (fungus and/or host tolerances) might be the key in the species diversity of these genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Díez
- UMR 1136 INRA-UHP "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes", INRA-Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France
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García-Montero LG, Valverde-Asenjo I, Moreno D, Díaz P, Hernando I, Menta C, Tarasconi K. Influence of Edaphic Factors on Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms: New Hypotheses on Soil Nutrition and C Sinks Associated to Ectomycorrhizae and Soil Fauna Using the Tuber Brûlé Model. SOIL BIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33823-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Chen J, Liu PG. Delimitation ofTuber pseudohimalayenseandT. pseudoexcavatumBased on Morphological and Molecular Data. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2011. [DOI: 10.7872/crym.v32.iss1.2012.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The Asian black truffle Tuber indicum can form ectomycorrhizas with North American host plants and complete its life cycle in non-native soils. FUNGAL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Species recognition and cryptic species in the Tuber indicum complex. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14625. [PMID: 21297969 PMCID: PMC3030557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological delimitation of Asian black truffles, including Tuber himalayense, T. indicum, T. sinense, T. pseudohimalayense, T. formosanum and T. pseudoexcavatum, has remained problematic and even phylogenetic analyses have been controversial. In this study, we combined five years of field investigation in China with morphological study and DNA sequences analyses (ITS, LSU and β-tubulin) of 131 Tuber specimens to show that T. pseudohimalayense and T. pseudoexcavatum are the same species. T. formosanum is a separate species based on its host plants and geographic distribution, combined with minor morphological difference from T. indicum. T. sinense should be treated as a synonym of T. indicum. Our results demonstrate that the present T. indicum, a single described morphological species, should include at least two separate phylogenetic species. These findings are of high importance for truffle taxonomy and reveal and preserve the richness of truffle diversity.
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Barseghyan GS, Wasser SP. Species diversity of hypogeous ascomycetes in Israel. MYCOBIOLOGY 2010; 38:159-165. [PMID: 23956647 PMCID: PMC3741539 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2010.38.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a species diversity study of the hypogeous Ascomycetes of Israel. The hypogeous Ascomycetes in Israel include members of the families Pyronemataceae, Pezizaceae, and Tuberaceae, which are represented by seven species: Hydnocystis piligera, Terfezia arenaria, T. claveryi, T. oligosperma, Tirmania africana, Tuber asa, and T. nitidum; only T. asa is new to Israeli mycobiota. Synonymy, locations, collection data, general distribution, distribution in Israel, descriptions, a key to identification, illustrations, and taxonomic remarks are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane S Barseghyan
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science & Science Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel
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27
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García-Montero LG, Díaz P, Di Massimo G, García-Abril A. A review of research on Chinese Tuber species. Mycol Prog 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-009-0647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Geng LY, Wang XH, Yu FQ, Deng XJ, Tian XF, Shi XF, Xie XD, Liu PG, Shen YY. Mycorrhizal synthesis of Tuber indicum with two indigenous hosts, Castanea mollissima and Pinus armandii. MYCORRHIZA 2009; 19:461-467. [PMID: 19404686 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-009-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tuber indicum is one of the most renowned commercialized fungi in China. Mycorrhizal investigations, however, have been carried out mainly with exotic trees. Up to now there is no detailed description of morphology of the mycorrhizae formed with the indigenous hosts of T. indicum. Containerized seedlings of two indigenous hosts of the fungus in southwestern China, Pinus armandii and Castanea mollissima, were inoculated with aqueous spore suspension of T. indicum in two kinds of substrates. Mycorrhizae began to form 4 months after inoculation and were harvested at 9 months. The contributing fungus of the mycorrhizae was confirmed to be T. indicum by morphological and ITS-rDNA sequence analyses. The morphology of emanating hyphae and epidermoid-like mantle appearance was similar to the mycorrhizae obtained with some European trees. The high morphological variation and the similarity to that of Tuber melanosporum makes it difficult to distinguish the mycorrhizae of the two species by morphology alone. The synthesis of mycorrhizae of T. indicum with its indigenous hosts will be of great significance for planned cultivation of the Asian black truffles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Geng
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Dan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Gui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Ying Shen
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China.
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Huang JY, Hu HT, Shen WC. Phylogenetic study of two truffles, Tuber formosanum and Tuber furfuraceum, identified from Taiwan. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 294:157-71. [PMID: 19341392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Truffles are one of the most valuable edible fungi and have drawn extensive research interests worldwide. In Taiwan, two species of truffle, Tuber formosanum and Tuber furfuraceum, have been identified and reported. Although the morphological features of these two truffles have been described, lack of molecular identification has led to difficulties with firmly establishing their relatedness to other truffles. In this study, we utilized the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin gene sequences to generate the phylogenetic relationship of T. formosanum and T. furfuraceum with other taxonomic relatives. Our analysis revealed five/three major phylogenetic clades according to the 5.8S-ITS2/beta-tubulin gene sequences and corroborated with their morphological characterization. Tuber formosanum highly resembles the Tuber indicum B complex, while T. furfuraceum is most similar to Tuber huidongense. Based on a molecular clock, we estimated that T. furfuraceum and T. formosanum would have diverged from their close relatives in mainland China between 10.2 and 4.1 Ma, respectively. Based on the results, we propose that these two Tuber species found in Taiwan might originate from the common ancestors with some truffle species in China. However, due to a long divergence time and geographical separation, they have evolved into indigenous species of Taiwan.
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Response surface modeling the significance of nitrogen source on the cell growth and Tuber polysaccharides production by submerged cultivation of Chinese truffle Tuber sinense. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Riccioni C, Rubini A, Belfiori B, Passeri V, Paolocci F, Arcioni S. Tmt1: the first LTR-retrotransposon from a Tuber spp. Curr Genet 2007; 53:23-34. [PMID: 17972080 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-007-0155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Retrotransposons are suitable targets for developing molecular markers for population genetics studies. Transposable elements have not yet been isolated from ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genus Tuber. In this paper, we report on the isolation and characterization of Tmt1, an LTR-retrotransposon from Tuber melanosporum. The Tmt1 sequence shows relatedness to Ty3/gypsy retrotransposons from which it differentiates for the presence of a dUTPase extra-domain between protease and reverse transcriptase. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a horizontal transfer of the dUTPase gene (dut) from a fungal host genome. The presence of non-identical LTRs and degenerate ORFs substantiate an ancient integration of Tmt1 in T. melanosporum genome. Furthermore, transcripts analyses proved an inactive status of Tmt1, whereas Southern analysis showed that Tmt1 is a repetitive T. melanosporum species-specific element. Tmt1-based markers will help us to gain more insights into population biology in this fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccioni
- National Research Council, Plant Genetics Institute-Perugia, Perugia Division, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy
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Splivallo R, Bossi S, Maffei M, Bonfante P. Discrimination of truffle fruiting body versus mycelial aromas by stir bar sorptive extraction. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:2584-98. [PMID: 17574637 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was applied in head space mode (HS), coupled with GC/MS, to compare the aroma profile of three truffle species. A total of 119 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified from the fruiting bodies, of which 70 were not yet described in truffles and 60 in fungi. VOCs profile showed a high intra- and inter-specific variability, with alcohols and sulfur compounds dominating the HS of Tuber borchii and, alcohols, aldehydes and aromatic compounds the HS of T. melanosporum and T. indicum. Despite these variations, eight VOCs markers could be identified allowing the discrimination of the three species. Additionally, T. borchii and T. melanosporum both distinguished themselves from T. indicum due to higher aroma content and larger variety of sulfur containing compounds. Mycelial VOCs production was also investigated under two cultural conditions and led to the identification of eight VOCs. On one side, seven of them were also detected in the fruiting body, confirming their mycelial origin. On the other side, the total absence of some class of compounds (i.e. sulfur) in the mycelium raises questions about their origins in the fruiting bodies and confirms deep metabolic changes between the reproductive (fruiting body) and vegetative (mycelium) stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Splivallo
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Torino, Centre of Excellence CEBIOVEM, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
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33
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Laessøe T, Hansen K. Truffle trouble: what happened to the Tuberales? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 111:1075-99. [PMID: 18022534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An overview of truffles (now considered to belong in the Pezizales, but formerly treated in the Tuberales) is presented, including a discussion on morphological and biological traits characterizing this form group. Accepted genera are listed and discussed according to a system based on molecular results combined with morphological characters. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU rDNA sequences from 55 hypogeous and 139 epigeous taxa of Pezizales were performed to examine their relationships. Parsimony, ML, and Bayesian analyses of these sequences indicate that the truffles studied represent at least 15 independent lineages within the Pezizales. Sequences from hypogeous representatives referred to the following families and genera were analysed: Discinaceae-Morchellaceae (Fischerula, Hydnotrya, Leucangium), Helvellaceae (Balsamia and Barssia), Pezizaceae (Amylascus, Cazia, Eremiomyces, Hydnotryopsis, Kaliharituber, Mattirolomyces, Pachyphloeus, Peziza, Ruhlandiella, Stephensia, Terfezia, and Tirmania), Pyronemataceae (Genea, Geopora, Paurocotylis, and Stephensia) and Tuberaceae (Choiromyces, Dingleya, Labyrinthomyces, Reddellomyces, and Tuber). The different types of hypogeous ascomata were found within most major evolutionary lines often nesting close to apothecial species. Although the Pezizaceae traditionally have been defined mainly on the presence of amyloid reactions of the ascus wall several truffles appear to have lost this character. The value of the number of nuclei in mature ascospores as a delimiting family character is evaluated and found to be more variable than generally assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laessøe
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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34
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El Karkouri K, Murat C, Zampieri E, Bonfante P. Identification of internal transcribed spacer sequence motifs in truffles: a first step toward their DNA bar coding. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:5320-30. [PMID: 17601808 PMCID: PMC1950968 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00530-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents DNA sequence motifs from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear rRNA repeat unit which are useful for the identification of five European and Asiatic truffles (Tuber magnatum, T. melanosporum, T. indicum, T. aestivum, and T. mesentericum). Truffles are edible mycorrhizal ascomycetes that show similar morphological characteristics but that have distinct organoleptic and economic values. A total of 36 out of 46 ITS1 or ITS2 sequence motifs have allowed an accurate in silico distinction of the five truffles to be made (i.e., by pattern matching and/or BLAST analysis on downloaded GenBank sequences and directly against GenBank databases). The motifs considered the intraspecific genetic variability of each species, including rare haplotypes, and assigned their respective species from either the ascocarps or ectomycorrhizas. The data indicate that short ITS1 or ITS2 motifs (< or = 50 bp in size) can be considered promising tools for truffle species identification. A dot blot hybridization analysis of T. magnatum and T. melanosporum compared with other close relatives or distant lineages allowed at least one highly specific motif to be identified for each species. These results were confirmed in a blind test which included new field isolates. The current work has provided a reliable new tool for a truffle oligonucleotide bar code and identification in ecological and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Karkouri
- Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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35
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Kovács GM, Jakucs E. Morphological and molecular comparison of white truffle ectomycorrhizae. MYCORRHIZA 2006; 16:567-574. [PMID: 16983567 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-006-0071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, white truffle ectomycorrhizae (EM) collected in deciduous forests (Populus, Quercus, and Fagus) from Hungary were characterized by morphological-anatomical and molecular methods. Our investigations suggest that the EM of white truffles (e.g., Tuber rapaeodorum, Tuber puberulum, Tuber rufum) are common and abundant members of the forest communities in the area. The ITS sequences of 14 EM specimens and 46 additional fruitbody sequences from the GenBank were clustered into four main groups in phylogenetic analyses. In the ITS-1 region, a characteristic indel pattern was found, which supports the clades. Although our analyses indicate definite genetic distance between the groups of the phylogenetic tree, these clades do not correspond to the traditional taxons identified by fruitbody characteristics. Comparison of the ectomycorrhizae shows that neither is mycorrhizal anatomy a good tool to separate the groups, because the characters (like the epidermoid or angular mantle structure, cell wall thickness, the sape and size of cystidia) are too variable and overlap between the clades. The interspecific similarity, observed both in ectomycorrhizal and fruitbody characters, strengthen the sensu lato morpho-species concept of this group. Our study, which combines comprehensive molecular and anatomical approach to characterize and identify ectomycorrhizae of white truffles from natural samples, stress out the need of the taxonomical revision of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Jakucs
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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36
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Wang Y, Tan ZM, Zhang DC, Murat C, Jeandroz S, Le Tacon F. Phylogenetic and populational study of the Tuber indicum complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:1034-45. [PMID: 16930973 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When examined using SEM, Chinese samples of Tuber indicum and T. sinense displayed the same ascospore ornamentation as that of T. pseudohimalayense, T. indicum, collected in India by Duthie in 1899, and samples renamed T. himalayense in 1988. The different authors who named the four taxa (T. indicum, T. himalayense, T. sinense, T. pseudohimalyense) described differences in the surface of the peridium which could be considered as usual variations within a single species. We consider T. indicum, T. himalayense, T. sinense and T. pseudohimalayense as one species, T. indicum. Within this T. indicum complex, according to ITS and beta-tubulin sequences, there are two groups in China, which could be considered as geographical ecotypes. This study is the first to identify a genetic and phylogeographical structure within the Chinese Tuber species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Wang
- INRA, Unité mixte de recherches 1136, INRA/Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy I, Interactions arbres micro-organismes, centre INRA de Nancy, F-54210, Champenoux, France
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37
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Wang Y, Tan ZM, Zhang DC, Murat C, Jeandroz S, Le Tacon F. Phylogenetic relationships between Tuber pseudoexcavatum, a Chinese truffle, and other Tuber species based on parsimony and distance analysis of four different gene sequences. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 259:269-81. [PMID: 16734790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships between Tuber pseudoexcavatum and other Tuber species were investigated by studying the sequences of four genes: 5.8S-ITS2, beta-tubulin, protein kinase C and elongation factor 1alpha. The four phylogenetic trees allowed to differentiate the black truffle clade, composed of two subclades, one comprising the Asian black truffles (T. indicum, T. sinense, T. himalayense) and the Perigord black truffle (T. melanosporum), the second comprising T. pseudoexcavatum and T. brumale. These two subclades diverged relatively early. We propose a common ancestor, located between Europe and China, to all the black truffles. The T. brumale/pseudoexcavatum subclade would have started to diverge and migrate first, T. brumale towards Europe through a northern route and T. pseudoexcavatum towards China. Later the T. melanosporum subclade would have started to migrate through the same route, T. melanosporum towards Europe and T. indicum towards China, leading to vicariant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Wang
- INRA, UMR 1136, INRA/Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy I, Interactions arbres micro-organismes, Centre INRA de Nancy, Champenoux, France
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38
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Ferdman Y, Aviram S, Roth-Bejerano N, Trappe JM, Kagan-Zur V. Phylogenetic studies of Terfezia pfeilii and Choiromyces echinulatus (Pezizales) support new genera for southern African truffles: Kalaharituber and Eremiomyces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 109:237-45. [PMID: 15839107 DOI: 10.1017/s0953756204001789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The ITS region including the 5.8S rRNA gene as well as the 5' end of the 28S rRNA gene of hypogeous Pezizaceae and Tuberaceae were studied to clarify the generic placement of two southern African desert truffles, Terfezia pfeilii and Choiromyces echinulatus. The results show that neither species belongs in the genus to which it has been assigned on the basis of morphological characters. As expected, two Choiromyces spp. grouped close to the representative of the Tuberaceae (Tuber melanosporum). However, C. echinulatus diverged from the other Choiromyces species and emerged near members of the genus Terfezia, being even closer to that genus than T. pfeilii. Two new genera and new species combinations, Kalaharituber gen. nov. with K. pfeilii (syn. T. pfeilii) comb. nov. and Eremiomyces gen. nov. with E. echinulatus (syn. C. echinulatus) comb. nov. are therefore introduced to accomodate these taxa. Both genera are closely related to Terfezia, and thus are placed in the Pezizaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Ferdman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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39
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Zhang LF, Yang ZL, Song DS. A phylogenetic study of commercial Chinese truffles and their allies: Taxonomic implications. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 245:85-92. [PMID: 15796984 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Revised: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships of commercial Chinese truffles and their allies were investigated mainly by morphological studies and analyses of the sequences of ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Two species, Tuber indicum and T. himalayense, closely related to the European T. melanosporum (the Perigord Truffle), are recognized among commercial Chinese black truffles. Both T. pseudohimalayense and T. sinense should be regarded as synonyms of T. indicum. Tuber species producing excavated ascomata are not monophyletic, suggesting that excavation of ascomata may have evolved more than once, or evolved once during the evolution of truffle species and then was lost once during the evolution of Tuber species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-fang Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
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40
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Paolocci F, Rubini A, Riccioni C, Topini F, Arcioni S. Tuber aestivumandTuber uncinatum: two morphotypes or two species? FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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41
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Paolocci F, Rubini A, Riccioni C, Granetti B, Arcioni S. Cloning and characterization of two repeated sequences in the symbiotic fungus Tuber melanosporum Vitt. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2000; 34:139-146. [PMID: 11102691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two repeated DNA sequences of European strains of the symbiotic fungus Tuber melanosporum were isolated and characterized. One of these, SS14, representing about 0.05% of the fungal genome, was shown to be a T. melanosporum-specific sequence by Southern and dot-blot hybridization. The second one, named SS15, is about 0.0025% of the entire genome, and it is specific not only to T. melanosporum but also to the Asian black truffle Tuber indicum. Neither of these two fragments hybridizes with any of the other European truffle species tested. By sequence analysis of these two fragments, PCR primers were designed and used to selectively amplify DNA from T. melanosporum ascocarps and ectomycorrhizae by simple and multiplex PCR. No amplification products were obtained with DNA from either mycorrhizal roots or fruit bodies of other ectosymbiotic fungi. The two identified genomic traits also provided useful information for a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among black truffle species and for testing T. melanosporum intraspecific variability.
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42
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Séjalon-Delmas N, Roux C, Martins M, Kulifaj M, Bécard G, Dargent R. Molecular tools for the identification of Tuber melanosporum in agroindustry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:2608-2613. [PMID: 10888592 DOI: 10.1021/jf9910382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tuber melanosporum Vitt., Tuber magnatum Pico, and Tuber uncinatum Chat. can be differentiated by their morphological characters. Fraud problems have arisen recently with the importation to Europe of truffles from China. T. melanosporum is morphologically very close, but distinct from the Chinese species [Tuber indicum (Cooke and Massee) and T. himalayense BC (Zhang and Winter)]. We have optimized molecular tools to unequivocally identify T. melanosporum. DNA extraction from ascocarps of black truffles is not straightforward. Problems to obtain pure DNA are due to high contents of phenolic compounds, melanine, and various polymers (proteins, polysaccharides, etc). These compounds coprecipitate with the DNA during extraction and strongly inhibit the PCR reaction. We have developed an efficient and reliable protocol for DNA extraction from truffle ascocarps. It was used successfully for DNA extraction from mycorrhizal root tips as well as from canned preparations of T. melanosporum. Several approaches to identify T. melanosporum by PCR were developed. Two specific primers for T. melanosporum were designed after comparison of the ITS region of this species with those of three Chinese fungi. They proved to be efficient to specifically detect the presence of T. melanosporum by PCR. The mycorrhizal status of trees inoculated with T. melanosporum but unable to produce truffles was confirmed in a single-step PCR reaction. A multiplex PCR approach was also developed with three sets of primers (including a specific one for Chinese truffles) to detect, in one PCR reaction, the presence of any other Tuber species mixed with T. melanosporum ascocarps. This optimized protocol, in association with the specific primers we designed, is applicable to quality control in the truffle industry from the production stages to final commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Séjalon-Delmas
- Mycologie Végétale, UMR 5546 CNRS/Université P. Sabatier, Pôle de Biotechnologie végétale, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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