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Optimization of Pre-Inoculum, Fermentation Process Parameters and Precursor Supplementation Conditions to Enhance Apigenin Production by a Recombinant Streptomyces albus Strain. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces albus J1074-pAPI (Streptomyces albus-pAPI) is a recombinant strain constructed to biotechnologically produce apigenin, a flavonoid with interesting bioactive features that up to now has been manufactured by extraction from plants with long and not environmentally friendly procedures. So far, in literature, only a maximum apigenin concentration of 80.0 µg·L−1 has been obtained in shake flasks. In this paper, three integrated fermentation strategies were exploited to enhance the apigenin production by Streptomyces albus J1074-pAPI, combining specific approaches for pre-inoculum conditions, optimization of fermentation process parameters and supplementation of precursors. Using a pre-inoculum of mycelium, the apigenin concentration increased of 1.8-fold in shake flask physiological studies. In 2L batch fermentation, the aeration and stirring conditions were optimized and integrated with the new inoculum approach and the apigenin production reached 184.8 ± 4.0 µg·L−1, with a productivity of 2.6 ± 0.1 μg·L−1·h−1. The supplementation of 1.5 mM L-tyrosine in batch fermentations allowed to obtain an apigenin production of 343.3 ± 3.0 µg·L−1 in only 48 h, with an increased productivity of 7.1 ± 0.1 μg·L−1·h−1. This work demonstrates that the optimization of fermentation process conditions is a crucial requirement to increase the apigenin concentration and productivity by up to 4.3- and 10.7-fold.
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2
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Cinar B, Demir Z, Tunca S. Heterologous expression of 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin (8-dmtc) affected Streptomyces coelicolor life cycle. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1107-1118. [PMID: 33876406 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous hosts are highly important to detect the expression of biosynthetic gene clusters that are cryptic or poorly expressed in their natural hosts. To investigate whether actinorhodin-overproducer Streptomyces coelicolor ∆ppk mutant strain could be a possible prototype as a heterologous expression host, a cosmid containing most of the elm gene cluster of Streptomyces olivaceus Tü2353 was integrated into chromosomes of both S. coelicolor A3(2) and ∆ppk strains. Interestingly, it was found that the production of tetracyclic polyketide 8-demethyl-tetracenomycin (8-DMTC) by recombinant strains caused significant changes in the morphology of cells. All the pellets and clumps were disentangled and mycelia were fragmented in the recombinant strains. Moreover, they produce neither pigmented antibiotics nor agarase and did not sporulate. By eliminating the elm biosynthesis genes from the cosmid, we showed that the morphological properties of recombinants were caused by the production of 8-DMTC. Extracellular application of 8-DMTC on S. coelicolor wild-type cells caused a similar phenotype with the 8-DMTC-producing recombinant strains. The results of this study may contribute to the understanding of the effect of 8-DMTC in Streptomyces since the morphological changes that we have observed have not been reported before. It is also valuable in that it provides useful information about the use of Streptomyces as hosts for the heterologous expression of 8-DMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Cinar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zeynep Demir
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sedef Tunca
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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3
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Zacchetti B, Wösten HA, Claessen D. Multiscale heterogeneity in filamentous microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2138-2149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Rigali S, Anderssen S, Naômé A, van Wezel GP. Cracking the regulatory code of biosynthetic gene clusters as a strategy for natural product discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Botas A, Pérez-Redondo R, Rodríguez-García A, Álvarez-Álvarez R, Yagüe P, Manteca A, Liras P. ArgR of Streptomyces coelicolor Is a Pleiotropic Transcriptional Regulator: Effect on the Transcriptome, Antibiotic Production, and Differentiation in Liquid Cultures. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:361. [PMID: 29545785 PMCID: PMC5839063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ArgR is a well-characterized transcriptional repressor controlling the expression of arginine and pyrimidine biosynthetic genes in bacteria. In this work, the biological role of Streptomyces coelicolor ArgR was analyzed by comparing the transcriptomes of S. coelicolor ΔargR and its parental strain, S. coelicolor M145, at five different times over a 66-h period. The effect of S. coelicolor ArgR was more widespread than that of the orthologous protein of Escherichia coli, affecting the expression of 1544 genes along the microarray time series. This S. coelicolor regulator repressed the expression of arginine and pyrimidine biosynthetic genes, but it also modulated the expression of genes not previously described to be regulated by ArgR: genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and nitrate utilization; the act, red, and cpk genes for antibiotic production; genes for the synthesis of the osmotic stress protector ectoine; genes related to hydrophobic cover formation and sporulation (chaplins, rodlins, ramR, and whi genes); all the cwg genes encoding proteins for glycan cell wall biosynthesis; and genes involved in gas vesicle formation. Many of these genes contain ARG boxes for ArgR binding. ArgR binding to seven new ARG boxes, located upstream or near the ectA-ectB, afsS, afsR, glnR, and redH genes, was tested by DNA band-shift assays. These data and those of previously assayed fragments permitted the construction of an improved model of the ArgR binding site. Interestingly, the overexpression of sporulation genes observed in the ΔargR mutant in our culture conditions correlated with a sporulation-like process, an uncommon phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Botas
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Rodríguez-García
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología de León, León, Spain
| | - Rubén Álvarez-Álvarez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Paula Yagüe
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Angel Manteca
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paloma Liras
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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6
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Alpha-ketoglutarate protects Streptomyces coelicolor from visible light-induced phototoxicity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:22-28. [PMID: 29114580 PMCID: PMC5632709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known that some Streptomyces species, including the model strain Streptomyces coelicolor, are vulnerable to visible light. Much evidence demonstrated that the phototoxicity induced by visible light is a consequence of the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are potentially harmful to cells. In this study, we found that α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) has a protective role against the phototoxicity in S. coelicolor. It could be because that α-KG can detoxify the ROS with the concomitant formation of succinate, which mediates the cells getting into anaerobiosis to produce more NADH and maintain intracellular redox homeostasis, a situation that was demonstrated by overexpressing gdhA in S. coelicolor. This finding, therefore, connects the central metabolites with the bacterial resistance against phototoxicity effect induced by visible light. Streptomyces coelicolor is sensitive to visible light induced phototoxicity. α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) has a protective role against phototoxicity in S. coelicolor. α-KG maintains intracellular NAD/NADH redox homeostasis to resist phototoxicity.
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7
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Abstract
The dense aggregation of cells on a surface, as seen in biofilms, inevitably results in both environmental and cellular heterogeneity. For example, nutrient gradients can trigger cells to differentiate into various phenotypic states. Not only do cells adapt physiologically to the local environmental conditions, but they also differentiate into cell types that interact with each other. This allows for task differentiation and, hence, the division of labor. In this article, we focus on cell differentiation and the division of labor in three bacterial species: Myxococcus xanthus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During biofilm formation each of these species differentiates into distinct cell types, in some cases leading to cooperative interactions. The division of labor and the cooperative interactions between cell types are assumed to yield an emergent ecological benefit. Yet in most cases the ecological benefits have yet to be elucidated. A notable exception is M. xanthus, in which cell differentiation within fruiting bodies facilitates the dispersal of spores. We argue that the ecological benefits of the division of labor might best be understood when we consider the dynamic nature of both biofilm formation and degradation.
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8
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhao M, Su N, Zhang T, Chen L, Wei W, Luo J, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Xu P, Li W, Tao Y. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Membrane Protein-Mediated Hypersaline Sensitivity and Adaptation in Halophilic Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:68-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant
Resources, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanchang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang
Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürűmqi 830011, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhi Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Na Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lingsheng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- State
Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang
Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürűmqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxia Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- Hebei
Province Key Lab of Research and Application on Microbial Diversity,
College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Yongru Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- State
Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National
Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, National Center for
Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant
Resources, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang
Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürűmqi 830011, China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of
Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Institute
of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Beites T, Oliveira P, Rioseras B, Pires SDS, Oliveira R, Tamagnini P, Moradas-Ferreira P, Manteca Á, Mendes MV. Streptomyces natalensis programmed cell death and morphological differentiation are dependent on oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12887. [PMID: 26256439 PMCID: PMC4530454 DOI: 10.1038/srep12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces are aerobic Gram-positive bacteria characterized by a complex life cycle that includes hyphae differentiation and spore formation. Morphological differentiation is triggered by stressful conditions and takes place in a pro-oxidant environment, which sets the basis for an involvement of the oxidative stress response in this cellular process. Characterization of the phenotypic traits of Streptomyces natalensis ΔkatA1 (mono-functional catalase) and ΔcatR (Fur-like repressor of katA1 expression) strains in solid medium revealed that both mutants had an impaired morphological development process. The sub-lethal oxidative stress caused by the absence of KatA1 resulted in the formation of a highly proliferative and undifferentiated vegetative mycelium, whereas de-repression of CatR regulon, from which KatA1 is the only known representative, resulted in the formation of scarce aerial mycelium. Both mutant strains had the transcription of genes associated with aerial mycelium formation and biosynthesis of the hyphae hydrophobic layer down-regulated. The first round of the programmed cell death (PCD) was inhibited in both strains which caused the prevalence of the transient primary mycelium (MI) over secondary mycelium (MII). Our data shows that the first round of PCD and morphological differentiation in S. natalensis is dependent on oxidative stress in the right amount at the right time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Beites
- 1] i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Oliveira
- 1] i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Rioseras
- rea de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sílvia D S Pires
- 1] i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [3] ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Oliveira
- 1] i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- 1] i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [3] Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moradas-Ferreira
- 1] i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [3] ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ángel Manteca
- rea de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta V Mendes
- 1] i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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van Dissel D, Claessen D, van Wezel GP. Morphogenesis of Streptomyces in submerged cultures. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 89:1-45. [PMID: 25131399 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800259-9.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Streptomyces are mycelial bacteria that undergo a complex multicellular life cycle and propagate via sporulation. Streptomycetes are important industrial microorganisms, as they produce a plethora of medically relevant natural products, including the majority of clinically important antibiotics, as well as a wide range of enzymes with industrial application. While development of Streptomyces in surface-grown cultures is well studied, relatively little is known of the parameters that determine morphogenesis in submerged cultures. Here, growth is characterized by the formation of mycelial networks and pellets. From the perspective of industrial fermentations, such mycelial growth is unattractive, as it is associated with slow growth, heterogeneous cultures, and high viscosity. Here, we review the current insights into the genetic and environmental factors that determine mycelial growth and morphology in liquid-grown cultures. The genetic factors include cell-matrix proteins and extracellular polymers, morphoproteins with specific roles in liquid-culture morphogenesis, with the SsgA-like proteins as well-studied examples, and programmed cell death. Environmental factors refer in particular to those dictated by process engineering, such as growth media and reactor set-up. These insights are then integrated to provide perspectives as to how this knowledge can be applied to improve streptomycetes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino van Dissel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Claessen
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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The role of volumetric power input in the growth, morphology, and production of a recombinant glycoprotein by Streptomyces lividans in shake flasks. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Chandra G, Chater KF. Developmental biology of Streptomyces from the perspective of 100 actinobacterial genome sequences. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:345-79. [PMID: 24164321 PMCID: PMC4255298 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To illuminate the evolution and mechanisms of actinobacterial complexity, we evaluate the distribution and origins of known Streptomyces developmental genes and the developmental significance of actinobacteria-specific genes. As an aid, we developed the Actinoblast database of reciprocal blastp best hits between the Streptomyces coelicolor genome and more than 100 other actinobacterial genomes (http://streptomyces.org.uk/actinoblast/). We suggest that the emergence of morphological complexity was underpinned by special features of early actinobacteria, such as polar growth and the coupled participation of regulatory Wbl proteins and the redox-protecting thiol mycothiol in transducing a transient nitric oxide signal generated during physiologically stressful growth transitions. It seems that some cell growth and division proteins of early actinobacteria have acquired greater importance for sporulation of complex actinobacteria than for mycelial growth, in which septa are infrequent and not associated with complete cell separation. The acquisition of extracellular proteins with structural roles, a highly regulated extracellular protease cascade, and additional regulatory genes allowed early actinobacterial stationary phase processes to be redeployed in the emergence of aerial hyphae from mycelial mats and in the formation of spore chains. These extracellular proteins may have contributed to speciation. Simpler members of morphologically diverse clades have lost some developmental genes.
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13
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Recent advances in recombinant protein expression by Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, and Streptomyces: from transcription and translation regulation to secretion pathway selection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9597-608. [PMID: 24068337 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria are widely used to produce recombinant proteins, amino acids, organic acids, higher alcohols, and polymers. Many proteins have been expressed in Gram-positive hosts such as Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, and Streptomyces. The favorable and advantageous characteristics (e.g., high secretion capacity and efficient production of metabolic products) of these species have increased the biotechnological applications of bacteria. However, owing to multiplicity from genes encoding the proteins and expression hosts, the expression of recombinant proteins is limited in Gram-positive bacteria. Because there is a very recent review about protein expression in Bacillus subtilis, here we summarize recent strategies for efficient expression of recombinant proteins in the other three typical Gram-positive bacteria (Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, and Streptomyces) and discuss future prospects. We hope that this review will contribute to the development of recombinant protein expression in Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, and Streptomyces.
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14
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Yagüe P, López-García MT, Rioseras B, Sánchez J, Manteca A. Pre-sporulation stages of Streptomyces differentiation: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 342:79-88. [PMID: 23496097 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomycetes comprise very important industrial bacteria, producing two-thirds of all clinically relevant secondary metabolites. They are mycelial microorganisms with complex developmental cycles that include programmed cell death (PCD) and sporulation. Industrial fermentations are usually performed in liquid cultures (large bioreactors), conditions in which Streptomyces strains generally do not sporulate, and it was traditionally assumed that there was no differentiation. In this work, we review the current knowledge on Streptomyces pre-sporulation stages of Streptomyces differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Yagüe
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, and IUBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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15
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Singh KP, Mahendra AL, Jayaraj V, Wangikar PP, Jadhav S. Distribution of live and dead cells in pellets of an actinomycete Amycolatopsis balhimycina and its correlation with balhimycin productivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Secondary metabolites such as antibiotics are typically produced by actinomycetes as a response to growth limiting stress conditions. Several studies have shown that secondary metabolite production is correlated with changes observed in actinomycete pellet morphology. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between the production of balhimycin and the spatio-temporal distribution of live and dead cells in pellets of Amycolatopsis balhimycina in submerged cultures. To this end, we used laser scanning confocal microscopy to analyze pellets from balhimycin producing and nonproducing media containing 0.2 and 1.0 g l−1 of potassium di-hydrogen phosphate, respectively. We observed a substantially higher fraction of live cells in pellets from cultures yielding larger amounts of balhimycin. Moreover, in media that resulted in no balhimycin production, the pellets exhibit an initial death phase which commences from the centre of the pellet and extends in the radial direction. A second growth phase was observed in these pellets, where live mycelia are seen to appear in the dead core of the pellets. This secondary growth was absent in pellets from media producing higher amounts of balhimycin. These results suggest that distribution of live and dead cells and its correlation with antibiotic production in the non-sporulating A. balhimycina differs markedly than that observed in Streptomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaleshwar P Singh
- grid.417971.d 0000000121987527 Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Amit L Mahendra
- grid.417971.d 0000000121987527 Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Vibha Jayaraj
- grid.417971.d 0000000121987527 Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Pramod P Wangikar
- grid.417971.d 0000000121987527 Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Sameer Jadhav
- grid.417971.d 0000000121987527 Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
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Improvement of transglutaminase production by extending differentiation phase of Streptomyces hygroscopicus: mechanism and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:7711-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Manteca A, Ye J, Sánchez J, Jensen ON. Phosphoproteome analysis of Streptomyces development reveals extensive protein phosphorylation accompanying bacterial differentiation. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:5481-92. [PMID: 21999169 DOI: 10.1021/pr200762y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptomycetes are bacterial species that undergo a complex developmental cycle that includes programmed cell death (PCD) events and sporulation. They are widely used in biotechnology because they produce most clinically relevant secondary metabolites. Although Streptomyces coelicolor is one of the bacteria encoding the largest number of eukaryotic type kinases, the biological role of protein phosphorylation in this bacterium has not been extensively studied before. In this issue, the variations of the phosphoproteome of S. coelicolor were characterized. Most distinct Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation events were detected during the presporulation and sporulation stages (80%). Most of these phosphorylations were not reported before in Streptomyces, and included sporulation factors, transcriptional regulators, protein kinases and other regulatory proteins. Several of the identified phosphorylated proteins, FtsZ, DivIVA, and FtsH2, were previously demonstrated to be involved in the sporulation process. We thus established for the first time the widespread occurrence and dynamic features of Ser/Thr/Tyr protein phosphorylation in a bacteria species and also revealed a previously unrecognized phosphorylation motif "x(pT)xEx".
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Manteca
- Area de Microbiologia, Departamento de Biologia Funcional and IUBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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Sanssouci E, Lerat S, Grondin G, Shareck F, Beaulieu C. tdd8: a TerD domain-encoding gene involved in Streptomyces coelicolor differentiation. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2011; 100:385-98. [PMID: 21638113 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-011-9593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Streptomyces coelicolor genome contains 17 TerD domain-encoding genes (tdd genes) of unknown function. The proteins encoded by these genes have been presumed to be involved in tellurite resistance on the basis of their homology with the protein TerD of Serratia marcescens. To elucidate the role of a Tdd protein (Tdd8), both a deletion mutant for the corresponding gene tdd8 (SCO2368) and a recombinant strain over-expressing tdd8 were produced in S. coelicolor M145. The deletion mutant (Δtdd8), like the wild strain, was not resistant to potassium tellurite. The deletion was not lethal but had a marked effect on differentiation. The deletion strain showed more rapid growth in liquid medium and produced long chains of short spores with a dense and non-spherical spore wall on agar plates. The strain over-expressing tdd8 had a growth delay in liquid medium and produced very few spores of irregular shapes and sizes on solid medium. The results of this study demonstrated that Tdd proteins might have a function other than tellurite resistance and this function seems to be of crucial importance for the proper development of the actinomycete S. coelicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Sanssouci
- Centre d'Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne, Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Prozorov AA, Danilenko VN. Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria: Apoptotic tools or metabolic regulators? Microbiology (Reading) 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261710020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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New method for monitoring programmed cell death and differentiation in submerged Streptomyces cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:3401-4. [PMID: 20348294 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00120-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vital stains were used in combination with fluorimetry for the elaboration of a new method to quantify Streptomyces programmed cell death, one of the key events in Streptomyces differentiation. The experimental approach described opens the possibility of designing online protocols for automatic monitoring of industrial fermentations.
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Manteca A, Sanchez J, Jung HR, Schwämmle V, Jensen ON. Quantitative proteomics analysis of Streptomyces coelicolor development demonstrates that onset of secondary metabolism coincides with hypha differentiation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1423-36. [PMID: 20224110 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900449-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces species produce many clinically important secondary metabolites, including antibiotics and antitumorals. They have a complex developmental cycle, including programmed cell death phenomena, that makes this bacterium a multicellular prokaryotic model. There are two differentiated mycelial stages: an early compartmentalized vegetative mycelium (first mycelium) and a multinucleated reproductive mycelium (second mycelium) arising after programmed cell death processes. In the present study, we made a detailed proteomics analysis of the distinct developmental stages of solid confluent Streptomyces coelicolor cultures using iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) labeling and LC-MS/MS. A new experimental approach was developed to obtain homogeneous samples at each developmental stage (temporal protein analysis) and also to obtain membrane and cytosolic protein fractions (spatial protein analysis). A total of 345 proteins were quantified in two biological replicates. Comparative bioinformatics analyses revealed the switch from primary to secondary metabolism between the initial compartmentalized mycelium and the multinucleated hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Manteca
- double daggerProtein Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Worrall JAR, Vijgenboom E. Copper mining in Streptomyces: enzymes, natural products and development. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:742-56. [DOI: 10.1039/b804465c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Manteca A, Sanchez J. Streptomyces development in colonies and soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2920-4. [PMID: 19270137 PMCID: PMC2681692 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02288-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces development was analyzed under conditions resembling those in soil. The mycelial growth rate was much lower than that in standard laboratory cultures, and the life span of the previously named first compartmentalized mycelium was remarkably increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Manteca
- Area de Microbiologia, Departamento de Biologia Funcional e IUBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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de Jong W, Manteca A, Sanchez J, Bucca G, Smith CP, Dijkhuizen L, Claessen D, Wösten HAB. NepA is a structural cell wall protein involved in maintenance of spore dormancy inStreptomyces coelicolor. Mol Microbiol 2009; 71:1591-603. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Willemse J, van Wezel GP. Imaging of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) with reduced autofluorescence reveals a novel stage of FtsZ localization. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4242. [PMID: 19156202 PMCID: PMC2625393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of low abundance proteins in time and space by fluorescence microscopy is typically hampered by host-cell autofluorescence. Streptomycetes are an important model system for the study of bacterial development, and undergo multiple synchronous cell division during the sporulation stage. To analyse this phenomenon in detail, fluorescence microscopy, and in particular also the recently published novel live imaging techniques, require optimal signal to noise ratios. Here we describe the development of a novel derivative of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) with strongly reduced autofluorescence, allowing the imaging of fluorescently labelled proteins at significantly higher resolution. The enhanced image detail provided novel localization information for the cell division protein FtsZ, demonstrating a new developmental stage where multiple FtsZ foci accumulate at the septal plane. This suggests that multiple foci are sequentially produced, ultimately connecting to form the complete Z ring. The enhanced imaging properties are an important step forward for the confocal and live imaging of less abundant proteins and for the use of lower intensity fluorophores in streptomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Willemse
- Microbial Development, Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles P. van Wezel
- Microbial Development, Department of Molecular Genetics, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Manteca A, Alvarez R, Salazar N, Yagüe P, Sanchez J. Mycelium differentiation and antibiotic production in submerged cultures of Streptomyces coelicolor. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:3877-86. [PMID: 18441105 PMCID: PMC2446541 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02715-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that most industrial processes for secondary metabolite production are performed with submerged cultures, a reliable developmental model for Streptomyces under these culture conditions is lacking. With the exception of a few species which sporulate under these conditions, it is assumed that no morphological differentiation processes take place. In this work, we describe new developmental features of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) grown in liquid cultures and integrate them into a developmental model analogous to the one previously described for surface cultures. Spores germinate as a compartmentalized mycelium (first mycelium). These young compartmentalized hyphae start to form pellets which grow in a radial pattern. Death processes take place in the center of the pellets, followed by growth arrest. A new multinucleated mycelium with sporadic septa (second mycelium) develops inside the pellets and along the periphery, giving rise to a second growth phase. Undecylprodigiosin and actinorhodin antibiotics are produced by this second mycelium but not by the first one. Cell density dictates how the culture will behave in terms of differentiation processes and antibiotic production. When diluted inocula are used, the growth arrest phase, emergence of a second mycelium, and antibiotic production are delayed. Moreover, pellets are less abundant and have larger diameters than in dense cultures. This work is the first to report on the relationship between differentiation processes and secondary metabolite production in submerged Streptomyces cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Manteca
- Area de Microbiologia, Departamento de Biologia Funcional and IUBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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