1
|
Jang SS, Tabuena DR, Grone B, Yip O, Blumenfeld J, Koutsodendris N, Ding L, Xu Q, Yoon SY, Huang Y, Zilberter M. Neuronal apoE4 induces early hyperexcitability in select populations of hippocampal neurons by altering Nell2 expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555153. [PMID: 37693533 PMCID: PMC10491126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), on neuronal function remains unclear. We investigated this by examining excitatory neurons in the hippocampus of young and aged human apoE4 knock-in (apoE4-KI) and apoE3-KI mice using electrophysiology and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq). In young apoE4-KI mice, we identified region-specific subpopulations of excitatory neurons with hyperexcitability underlain by reduced cell size, which were eliminated by selective removal of neuronal apoE4. Aged apoE4-KI mice showed an increased fraction of hyperexcitable granule cells, a pronounced inhibitory deficit, and E/I imbalance in the dentate gyrus, contributing to network dysfunction. snRNA-seq analysis revealed neuron type-specific and age-dependent transcriptomic changes, identifying Nell2 overexpression in apoE4-KI mice. Reducing Nell2 expression in specific neuronal types of apoE4-KI mice with CRISPRi rescued their morphological and excitability phenotypes, supporting Nell2 overexpression as a cause for apoE4-induced neuronal dysfunction. Our findings highlight the early transcriptomic and morpho-electric alterations behind the apoE4-induced neuronal dysfunction in AD. HIGHLIGHTS ApoE4 causes hyperexcitability of select hippocampal neurons in young apoE4 mice.ApoE4 causes dentate hyperexcitability and inhibitory deficit in aged apoE4 mice.snRNA-seq reveals apoE genotype-, cell type-, and age-dependent transcriptomic changes.Nell2 overexpression identified as a cause of apoE4-induced neuronal hyperexcitability.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaves J, Martins-Ferreira R, Carvalho C, Bettencourt A, Brás S, Chorão R, Freitas J, Samões R, Lopes J, Ramalheira J, Silva BM, Pinho e Costa P, da Silva AM, Leal B. Apolipoprotein E isoforms and susceptibility to genetic generalized epilepsies. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:892-897. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1709840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Chaves
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins-Ferreira
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Imunogenética - Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Carvalho
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Imunogenética - Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Bettencourt
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Imunogenética - Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Brás
- Laboratório Imunogenética - Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Chorão
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joel Freitas
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Samões
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lopes
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ramalheira
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Berta M. Silva
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Imunogenética - Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Pinho e Costa
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Martins da Silva
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital de Santo António - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Leal
- Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Imunogenética - Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Najm R, Jones EA, Huang Y. Apolipoprotein E4, inhibitory network dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:24. [PMID: 31186040 PMCID: PMC6558779 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), increasing risk and decreasing age of disease onset. Many studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of apoE4 in varying cellular contexts. However, the underlying mechanisms explaining how apoE4 leads to cognitive decline are not fully understood. Recently, the combination of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) modeling of neurological diseases in vitro and electrophysiological studies in vivo have begun to unravel the intersection between apoE4, neuronal subtype dysfunction or loss, subsequent network deficits, and eventual cognitive decline. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature describing apoE4’s detrimental effects in the central nervous system (CNS), specifically focusing on its contribution to neuronal subtype dysfunction or loss. We focus on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-expressing interneurons in the hippocampus, which are selectively vulnerable to apoE4-mediated neurotoxicity. Additionally, we discuss the importance of the GABAergic inhibitory network to proper cognitive function and how dysfunction of this network manifests in AD. Finally, we examine how apoE4-mediated GABAergic interneuron loss can lead to inhibitory network deficits and how this deficit results in cognitive decline. We propose the following working model: Aging and/or stress induces neuronal expression of apoE. GABAergic interneurons are selectively vulnerable to intracellularly produced apoE4, through a tau dependent mechanism, which leads to their dysfunction and eventual death. In turn, GABAergic interneuron loss causes hyperexcitability and dysregulation of neural networks in the hippocampus and cortex. This dysfunction results in learning, memory, and other cognitive deficits that are the central features of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey Najm
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Emily A Jones
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chouchi M, Kaabachi W, Klaa H, Tizaoui K, Turki IBY, Hila L. Relationship between ABCB1 3435TT genotype and antiepileptic drugs resistance in Epilepsy: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:32. [PMID: 28202008 PMCID: PMC5311838 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are effective medications available for epilepsy. However, many patients do not respond to this treatment and become resistant. Genetic polymorphisms may be involved in the variation of AEDs response. Therefore, we conducted an updated systematic review and a meta-analysis to investigate the contribution of the genetic profile on epilepsy drug resistance. Methods We proceeded to the selection of eligible studies related to the associations of polymorphisms with resistance to AEDs therapy in epilepsy, published from January 1980 until November 2016, using Pubmed and Cochrane Library databases. The association analysis was based on pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results From 640 articles, we retained 13 articles to evaluate the relationship between ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 1 (ABCB1) C3435T polymorphism and AEDs responsiveness in a total of 454 epileptic AEDs-resistant cases and 282 AEDs-responsive cases. We found a significant association with an OR of 1.877, 95% CI 1.213–2.905. Subanalysis by genotype model showed a more significant association between the recessive model of ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism (TT vs. CC) and the risk of AEDs resistance with an OR of 2.375, 95% CI 1.775–3.178 than in the dominant one (CC vs. TT) with an OR of 1.686, 95% CI 0.877–3.242. Conclusion Our results indicate that ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism, especially TT genotype, plays an important role in refractory epilepsy. As genetic screening of this genotype may be useful to predict AEDs response before starting the treatment, further investigations should validate the association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malek Chouchi
- Department of Genetic, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 15 Jebel Lakhdhar street, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Department of Child Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, UR12SP24 Abnormal Movements of Neurologic Diseases, Jebel Lakhdhar street, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Wajih Kaabachi
- Division of Histology and Immunology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 15 Jebel Lakhdhar street, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hedia Klaa
- Department of Child Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, UR12SP24 Abnormal Movements of Neurologic Diseases, Jebel Lakhdhar street, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kalthoum Tizaoui
- Division of Histology and Immunology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 15 Jebel Lakhdhar street, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Ben-Youssef Turki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology, UR12SP24 Abnormal Movements of Neurologic Diseases, Jebel Lakhdhar street, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Hila
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 15 Jebel Lakhdhar street, La Rabta, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leal B, Chaves J, Carvalho C, Bettencourt A, Freitas J, Lopes J, Ramalheira J, Costa PP, Mendonça D, Silva AM, Silva BM. Age of onset of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: the effect of apolipoprotein E and febrile seizures. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:800-804. [PMID: 27875923 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1264396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is the most frequent pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. It has been associated with febrile seizures (FS) in childhood. Its aetiology remains unclear but genetic factors are involved. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the main lipoprotein secreted in brain. It has a critical immunomodulatory function, influences neurotransmission and it is involved in repairing damaged neurons. ApoE ϵ4 is an isoform of ApoE with altered protein function, previously associated with refractoriness and early onset epilepsy. This study was undertaken to determine if ApoE isoforms are risk factors for MTLE-HS and influence clinical characteristics. METHODS A group of 188 MTLE-HS patients (101 F, 87 M, mean age = 44.7 ± 11.6 years, 100 with FS antecedents) was studied and compared with a group of 342 healthy individuals in a case-control genetic association study. Data were analysed with Pearson Chi-squared Test or Student's t test, as appropriated. RESULTS No differences in ApoE ϵ4 allelic frequencies between MTLE-HS patients and controls or between MTLE-HS subgroups were observed. Nevertheless, ApoE ϵ4 carriers had an earlier MTLE-HS onset (11.0 ± 7.9 years in ApoE ϵ4 carriers vs. 14.4 ± 11.2 years in ApoE ϵ4 non-carriers p < 0.05). Additionally, we observed that MTLE-HS patients with FS antecedents had a statistically significant early disease onset (11.5 ± 8.7 years in FS+ vs. 16.0 ± 12.1 years in FS-, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that ApoE ϵ4 and FS may not participate directly in etiopathogenic mechanisms of MTLE-HS but could hasten the disease development in predisposed individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Leal
- a Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP) , Porto , Portugal.,b Laboratório Imunogenética, Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP) , Porto , Portugal
| | - João Chaves
- c Departamento de neurociências, Serviço de Neurologia , Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Cláudia Carvalho
- a Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP) , Porto , Portugal.,b Laboratório Imunogenética, Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP) , Porto , Portugal
| | - Andreia Bettencourt
- a Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP) , Porto , Portugal.,b Laboratório Imunogenética, Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP) , Porto , Portugal
| | - Joel Freitas
- c Departamento de neurociências, Serviço de Neurologia , Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - João Lopes
- f Departamento de neurociências, Serviço de Neurofisiologia , Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - João Ramalheira
- f Departamento de neurociências, Serviço de Neurofisiologia , Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Paulo P Costa
- a Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP) , Porto , Portugal.,d Departamento de Genética , Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Porto , Portugal
| | - Denisa Mendonça
- e Departamento do Estudo das Populações , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar [ICBAS], Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - António M Silva
- a Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP) , Porto , Portugal.,f Departamento de neurociências, Serviço de Neurofisiologia , Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Berta M Silva
- a Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (UMIB/ICBAS-UP) , Porto , Portugal.,b Laboratório Imunogenética, Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular , Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS/UP) , Porto , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Li Z, Ding C, Gong X, Wang X, Cui T. Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele was Associated With Nonlesional Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Han Chinese Population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2894. [PMID: 26945380 PMCID: PMC4782864 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been implicated as one of the genes susceptible to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but the association is inconsistent. We carried out a study to investigate the association of APOEε4 allele with a subtype of TLE-nonlesional mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (NLMTLE) in Han Chinese people.T he study consisted of total 308 NLMTLE patients and 302 controls in Han Chinese. The APOE polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA sequencing. We compared the frequency of APOEε4 allele and carrying status between NLMTLE patients and control subjects to test for the association of APOEε4 allele with NLMTLE clinical status. Carrying status of APOEε4 allele was significantly associated with the risk of NLMTLE. No effect of APOEε4 allele was found on the age of onset, duration of epilepsy, or frequency of seizure. Moreover, there was no association between APOEε4 allele and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or febrile convulsion (FC) history.O ur study provided an evidence that APOEε4 allele was a possible risk factor for NLMTLE, and further study with a larger sample is needed to warrant this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (ZL, XG, TC); Department of Neurology, The 301 PLG General Hospital (CD); and Department of Sociology (XW), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gong JE, Qu J, Long HY, Long LL, Qu Q, Li XM, Yang LM, Xiao B. Common variants of APOE are associated with anti-epileptic drugs resistance in Han Chinese patients. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:14-19. [PMID: 26726928 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1137295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/aim of the study: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been implicated as one of the susceptibility genes for some subtypes of epilepsy and may be related to anti-epileptic drugs resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between APOE variants and the anti-epileptic drugs resistance in Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS APOE gene rs429358 and rs7412 variants were genotyped for ϵ2, ϵ3, ϵ4 alleles using amplification refractory mutation system in 480 subjects including 207 anti-epileptic drugs-resistant patients and 273 drug-responsive patients. RESULTS We found that the frequency of APOE gene rs429358 C allele in the drug resistant patients is higher than that in the drug-responsive patients (14.98% vs. 10.1%, OR = 1.25[1.02 - 1.52], p = 0.017). Moreover, according to the two variants, we analyzed the distributions of -ϵ4 and +ϵ4 alleles of APOE gene and found that there were higher frequencies of +ϵ4 allele in drug-resistant epileptic patients than that in drug-responsive patients (31.8% vs. 13.2%, OR = 1.15[1.05 - 1.25], p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that APOE rs429358 variant C allele and ϵ4 allele were associated with the anti-epileptic drugs resistance in Han Chinese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-E Gong
- a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China.,b Department of Neurology , Hunan Childrens Hospital , Changsha , China
| | - Jian Qu
- c Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy , Changsha , China
| | - Hong-Yu Long
- a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Li-Li Long
- a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Qiang Qu
- d Department of Pharmacy , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Xiang-Ming Li
- a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Li-Ming Yang
- a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Bo Xiao
- a Department of Neurology , Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang C, Yan B, Lei D, Si Y, Li H, Chen MW, Li L, Chen F, Zhou Q, Zhou D, Li JM. Apolipoprotein 4 may increase viral load and seizure frequency in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with positive human herpes virus 6B. Neurosci Lett 2015; 593:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
10
|
Hunter JM, Cirrito JR, Restivo JL, Kinley RD, Sullivan PM, Holtzman DM, Koger D, Delong C, Lin S, Zhao L, Liu F, Bales K, Paul SM. Emergence of a seizure phenotype in aged apolipoprotein epsilon 4 targeted replacement mice. Brain Res 2012; 1467:120-32. [PMID: 22682924 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is associated with earlier age of onset. The incidence of spontaneous seizures has been reported to be increased in sporadic AD as well as in the early onset autosomal dominant forms of AD. We now report the emergence of a seizure phenotype in aged apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) targeted replacement (TR) mice but not in age-matched apoE2 TR or apoE3 TR mice. Tonic-clonic seizures developed spontaneously after 5 months of age in apoE4 TR mice and are triggered by mild stress. Female mice had increased seizure penetrance compared to male mice, but had slightly reduced overall seizure severity. The majority of seizures were characterized by head and neck jerks, but 25% of aged apoE4 TR mice had more severe tonic-clonic seizures which occasionally progressed to tonic extension and death. Aged apoE4 TR mice progressed through pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure stages more rapidly than did apoE3 TR and apoE2 TR mice. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings revealed more frequent bursts of synchronous theta activity in the hippocampus of apoE4 TR mice than in apoE2 TR or apoE3 TR mice. Cortical EEG recordings also revealed sharp spikes and other abnormalities in apoE4 TR mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the emergence of an age-dependent seizure phenotype in old apoE4 TR mice in the absence of human amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) overexpression, suggesting increased central nervous system neural network excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Hunter
- Neuroscience Discovery, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fu YH, Lv RJ, Jin LR, Lu Q, Shao XQ, He JS, Wu LW, Zhang LS, Hu HG. Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms with temporal lobe epilepsy in a Chinese Han population. Epilepsy Res 2011; 91:253-9. [PMID: 20810250 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been implicated as one of the susceptibility genes for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Previous studies indicate that ApoE ɛ4 is associated with several disease-related traits including the increased risk of late posttraumatic seizures, earlier onset of TLE, refractory complex partial seizures, and postictal confusion. Contradictory data were also reported regarding the association between ApoE polymorphisms and TLE. The present study was designed to investigate whether ApoE ɛ4 is a risk factor for TLE and the above clinical variables, as well as to determine whether -491A/T polymorphism may independently alter the risk for TLE in a Chinese Han population. The ApoE and -491A/T polymorphisms were genotyped in 558 controls and 735 patients including 560 TLE patients using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A significant association was detected between prior trauma and the ApoE ɛ4 allele in TLE patients. However, no significant differences were observed in the genotype and haplotype distributions and allele frequencies of these two polymorphisms between cases and controls. Furthermore, there were no significant associations between these two polymorphisms and the other clinical variables examined. The study illustrates that the ApoE ɛ4 allele may be involved in the development of TLE in those patients with prior trauma in the Chinese Han population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hui Fu
- College of Life Sciences & Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuan Residence, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Is intractable epilepsy a tauopathy? Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:897-900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
ApoE- ∊4 Is Associated with Reduced Memory in Long-Standing Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Busch RM, Lineweaver TT, Naugle RI, Kim KH, Gong Y, Tilelli CQ, Prayson RA, Bingaman W, Najm IM, Diaz-Arrastia R. Neurology 2007;68(6):409–414. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the apolipoprotein (ApoE) 4 allele and memory performance (verbal and nonverbal) in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent temporal lobectomy. METHODS: Presurgical and postsurgical memory performance was examined in 87 adult patients with TLE (4 = 22; non-4 = 65) to determine whether the expression of ApoE-4 may be associated with memory performance in this population and to examine how this relationship may be affected by duration of epilepsy. RESULTS: There was a significant interaction between ApoE-4 status and duration of epilepsy such that 4 carriers with a long duration of epilepsy demonstrated the poorest memory performance on both verbal and nonverbal measures. This relationship was observed both before and after temporal lobectomy, with little change in test performance over time. CONCLUSIONS: The ApoE-4 allele interacts with longstanding seizures to affect memory performance, both verbal and nonverbal, in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Guiry A, Flynn D, Hubert S, O'Keeffe AM, LeProvost O, White SL, Forde PF, Davoren P, Houeix B, Smith TJ, Cotter D, Wilkins NP, Cairns MT. Testes and brain gene expression in precocious male and adult maturing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 2010; 11:211. [PMID: 20350334 PMCID: PMC2996963 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The male Atlantic salmon generally matures in fresh water upon returning after one or several years at sea. Some fast-growing male parr develop an alternative life strategy where they sexually mature before migrating to the oceans. These so called 'precocious' parr or 'sneakers' can successfully fertilise adult female eggs and so perpetuate their line. We have used a custom-built cDNA microarray to investigate gene expression changes occurring in the salmon gonad and brain associated with precocious maturation. The microarray has been populated with genes selected specifically for involvement in sexual maturation (precocious and adult) and in the parr-smolt transformation. RESULTS Immature and mature parr collected from a hatchery-reared stock in January were significantly different in weight, length and condition factor. Changes in brain expression were small - never more than 2-fold on the microarray, and down-regulation of genes was much more pronounced than up-regulation. Significantly changing genes included isotocin, vasotocin, cathepsin D, anamorsin and apolipoprotein E. Much greater changes in expression were seen in the testes. Among those genes in the testis with the most significant changes in expression were anti-Mullerian hormone, collagen 1A, and zinc finger protein (Zic1), which were down-regulated in precocity and apolipoproteins E and C-1, lipoprotein lipase and anti-leukoproteinase precursor which were up-regulated in precocity. Expression changes of several genes were confirmed in individual fish by quantitative PCR and several genes (anti-Mullerian hormone, collagen 1A, beta-globin and guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) beta polypeptide 2-like 1 (GNB2L1) were also examined in adult maturing testes. Down-regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone was judged to be greater than 160-fold for precocious males and greater than 230-fold for November adult testes in comparison to July testes by this method. For anti-Mullerian hormone and guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 2-like 1 expression changes in precocious males mirrored mature adults (November) but for collagen 1A and beta-globin the pattern was more complex. CONCLUSIONS Expression changes in the fish brain during the process of precocious sexual maturation were small compared to those in the testes. Microarray analysis suggested down-regulation of housekeeping functions and up-regulation of a small number of specific processes. Transcriptional changes in the testes were much more pronounced with anti-Mullerian hormone playing a major role. Expression profiles for mature parr and maturing adult testes indicate subtle differences in gene expression between these two related groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Guiry
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Denis Flynn
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sophie Hubert
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Allan M O'Keeffe
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Olivier LeProvost
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Samantha L White
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Patrick F Forde
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pamela Davoren
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Benoit Houeix
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Terry J Smith
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Noel P Wilkins
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael T Cairns
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Among apolipoproteins, apolipoprotein E (Apo E) plays a pivotal role in lipid transport and is proposed to be involved in neural repair. Because of a long divergence history of apolipoproteins, it is unclear how Apo E evolved in time. To investigate relationships among Apo E proteins, we used the information from molecular data and analysed the phylogeny of Apo E proteins from various species. Several phylogenetic trees were generated by using both character-based and distance-based phylogenetic methods. Apo E sequences of fish and frog were found to be less related to the Apo E sequences of other species. The most likely ancestor of Apo E among 18 organisms was estimated to be the Apo E of frog. Members of the groups formed by the Apo E proteins of various species shared similar feeding habits and diet. It may be suggested that Apo E evolution and very likely the evolution of other apolipoproteins are influenced by the organism's feeding environment and diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chaichana KL, Parker SL, Olivi A, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Long-term seizure outcomes in adult patients undergoing primary resection of malignant brain astrocytomas. J Neurosurg 2009; 111:282-92. [DOI: 10.3171/2009.2.jns081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
Seizures are a common presenting symptom and cause of morbidity for patients with malignant astrocytomas. The authors set out to determine preoperative seizure characteristics, effects of surgery on seizure control, and factors associated with prolonged seizure control in patients with malignant astrocytomas.
Methods
Cases involving adult patients who underwent primary resection of a hemispheric anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions between 1996 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate logistical regression analysis was used to identify associations with pre-operative seizures, and multivariate proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify associations with prolonged seizure control following resection.
Results
Of the 648 patients (505 with GBM, 143 with AA) in this series, 153 (24%) presented with seizures. The factors more commonly associated with preoperative seizures were AA pathology (p = 0.03), temporal lobe involvement (p = 0.04), and cortical location (p = 0.04), while the factors less commonly associated with preoperative seizures were greater age (p = 0.03) and larger tumor size (p ≤ 0.001). Among those patients with a history of seizures, outcome 12 months after surgery was Engel Class I (seizure free) in 77%, Class II (rare seizures) in 12%, Class III (meaningful improvement) in 6%, and Class IV (no improvement) in 5%. Postoperative seizures were rare in patients without a history of preoperative seizures. The factor positively associated with prolonged seizure control was increased Karnofsky Performance Scale score (p = 0.002), while the factors negatively associated with seizure control were preoperative uncontrolled seizures (p = 0.03) and parietal lobe involvement (p = 0.005). Seizure recurrence in patients with postoperative seizure control was independently associated with tumor recurrence (p = 0.006).
Conclusions
The identification and consideration of factors associated with prolonged seizure control may help guide treatment strategies aimed at improving the quality of life for patients with malignant astrocytomas.
Collapse
|
17
|
Giray O, Ulgenalp A, Bora E, Uran N, Yilmaz E, Unalp A, Erçal D. Role of apolipoprotein E in febrile convulsion. Pediatr Neurol 2008; 39:241-4. [PMID: 18805361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E is consistently associated with the progression of some common human neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., epilepsy. We hypothesized that genetic variations in the apolipoprotein E gene have implications for susceptibility to, and prognoses in, febrile convulsion, which plays an apparent role in the development of epilepsy. We used the polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion to characterize variations of the apolipoprotein E gene. Sixty-nine patients with febrile convulsion (simple/complex) and a corresponding cohort of healthy patients (n = 75) were used. There was no significant difference in genotypic distribution and allelic frequencies of the apolipoprotein E gene between the febrile convulsion and control groups. Comparing subpopulations of the febrile convulsion group (patients with simple and complex febrile convulsion), we noted that no patients with the epsilon3/epsilon4 genotype had complex febrile convulsions. The apolipoprotein E epsilon3/epsilon4 genotype was more frequently seen in the simple febrile than in the complicated febrile convulsion group (9 versus 0 patients, respectively). The data indicate an association with the epsilon3/epsilon4 genotype of the apolipoprotein E gene with a milder phenotype. Although apolipoprotein E4 is not a vulnerability factor regarding febrile convulsions, it seems effective in regard to prognoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Giray
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
White matter lesions in the elderly: Pathophysiological hypothesis on the effect on brain plasticity and reserve. J Neurol Sci 2008; 273:3-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
19
|
Chapin JS, Busch RM, Janigro D, Dougherty M, Tilelli CQ, Lineweaver TT, Naugle RI, Diaz-Arrastia R, Najm IM. APOE epsilon4 is associated with postictal confusion in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2008; 81:220-4. [PMID: 18672349 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between the APOE epsilon4 allele and postictal confusion in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Patients with at least one epsilon4 allele (n=22) were three times more likely to exhibit postictal confusion (68%) than the 63 patients without epsilon4 (43%). These preliminary results demonstrate that APOE epsilon4 is associated with an increased risk of postictal confusion in patients with medically intractable TLE, suggesting possible dysfunction in neuronal recovery mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Chapin
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic P57, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cedazo-Mínguez A. Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 11:1227-38. [PMID: 18205697 PMCID: PMC4401287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple genetic and environmental factors are likely to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The most important known risk factor for AD is presence of the E4 isoform of apolipoprotein E (apoE). Epidemiological studies demonstrated that apoE4 carriers have a higher risk and develop the disease and an early onset. Moreover, apoE4 is the only molecule that has been associated with all the biochemical disturbances characteristic of the disease: amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition, tangle formation, oxidative stress, lipid homeostasis deregulation, synaptic plasticity loss and cholinergic dysfunction. This large body of evidence suggest that apoE is a key player in the pathogenesis of AD. This short review examines the current facts and hypotheses of the association between apoE4 and AD, as well as the therapeutic possibilities that apoE might offer for the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cedazo-Mínguez
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KI-Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, NOVUM, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hermann B, Seidenberg M, Sager M, Carlsson C, Gidal B, Sheth R, Rutecki P, Asthana S. Growing old with epilepsy: the neglected issue of cognitive and brain health in aging and elder persons with chronic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2007; 49:731-40. [PMID: 18031544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine what is known about cognitive and brain aging in elders with chronic epilepsy. We contend that much remains to be learned about the ultimate course of cognition and brain structure in persons with chronic epilepsy and concern appears warranted. Individuals with chronic epilepsy are exposed to many risk factors demonstrated to be associated with abnormal cognitive and brain aging in the general population, with many of these risk factors present in persons with chronic epilepsy as early as midlife. We suggest that a research agenda be developed to systematically identify and treat known modifiable risk factors in order to protect and promote cognitive and brain health in aging and elder persons with chronic epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|