1
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Pattle SB, O'Shaughnessy J, Kantelberg O, Rifai OM, Pate J, Nellany K, Hays N, Arends MJ, Horrocks MH, Waldron FM, Gregory JM. pTDP-43 aggregates accumulate in non-central nervous system tissues prior to symptom onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case series linking archival surgical biopsies with clinical phenotypic data. J Pathol Clin Res 2022; 9:44-55. [PMID: 36226890 PMCID: PMC9732680 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are traditionally considered strictly neurological disorders. However, clinical presentation is not restricted to neurological systems, and non-central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, particularly gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, are common. Our objective was to understand the systemic distribution of pathology in archived non-CNS tissues, taken as part of routine clinical practice during life from people with ALS. We examined tissue from 13 people who went on to develop ALS; including sporadic ALS (n = 12) and C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (n = 1). The tissue cohort consisted of 68 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples from 21 surgical cases (some patients having more than one case over their lifetimes), from 8 organ systems, which we examined for evidence of phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) pathology. We identified pTDP-43 aggregates in multiple cell types of the GI tract, including macrophages and dendritic cells within the lamina propria; as well as ganglion/neuronal and glial cells of the myenteric plexus. Aggregates were also noted within lymph node parenchyma, blood vessel endothelial cells, and chondrocytes. We note that in all cases with non-CNS pTDP-43 pathology, aggregates were present prior to ALS diagnosis and in some instances preceded neurological symptom onset by more than 10 years. These data imply that patients with microscopically unexplained non-CNS symptoms could have occult protein aggregation that could be detected many years prior to neurological involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judi O'Shaughnessy
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Owen Kantelberg
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Olivia M Rifai
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Translational Neuroscience PhD Program, Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK,Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Judith Pate
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Kristine Nellany
- Department of PathologyNHS GrampianAberdeenUK,NHS Grampian BiorepositoryAberdeenUK
| | - Nadine Hays
- Department of PathologyNHS GrampianAberdeenUK,NHS Grampian BiorepositoryAberdeenUK
| | - Mark J Arends
- NHS Lothian Department of PathologyEdinburghUK,Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics & CancerUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Jenna M Gregory
- NHS Lothian Department of PathologyEdinburghUK,Department of PathologyNHS GrampianAberdeenUK,Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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2
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Altered TDP-43 Structure and Function: Key Insights into Aberrant RNA, Mitochondrial, and Cellular and Systemic Metabolism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080709. [PMID: 36005581 PMCID: PMC9415507 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neuromuscular disorder with no cure available and limited treatment options. ALS is a highly heterogeneous disease, whereby patients present with vastly different phenotypes. Despite this heterogeneity, over 97% of patients will exhibit pathological TAR-DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) cytoplasmic inclusions. TDP-43 is a ubiquitously expressed RNA binding protein with the capacity to bind over 6000 RNA and DNA targets—particularly those involved in RNA, mitochondrial, and lipid metabolism. Here, we review the unique structure and function of TDP-43 and its role in affecting the aforementioned metabolic processes in ALS. Considering evidence published specifically in TDP-43-relevant in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models we posit that TDP-43 acts in a positive feedback loop with mRNA transcription/translation, stress granules, cytoplasmic aggregates, and mitochondrial proteins causing a relentless cycle of disease-like pathology eventuating in neuronal toxicity. Given its undeniable presence in ALS pathology, TDP-43 presents as a promising target for mechanistic disease modelling and future therapeutic investigations.
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3
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Perciballi E, Bovio F, Rosati J, Arrigoni F, D’Anzi A, Lattante S, Gelati M, De Marchi F, Lombardi I, Ruotolo G, Forcella M, Mazzini L, D’Alfonso S, Corrado L, Sabatelli M, Conte A, De Gioia L, Martino S, Vescovi AL, Fusi P, Ferrari D. Characterization of the p.L145F and p.S135N Mutations in SOD1: Impact on the Metabolism of Fibroblasts Derived from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050815. [PMID: 35624679 PMCID: PMC9137766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of the upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). About 10% of patients have a family history (familial, fALS); however, most patients seem to develop the sporadic form of the disease (sALS). SOD1 (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1) is the first studied gene among the ones related to ALS. Mutant SOD1 can adopt multiple misfolded conformation, lose the correct coordination of metal binding, decrease structural stability, and form aggregates. For all these reasons, it is complicated to characterize the conformational alterations of the ALS-associated mutant SOD1, and how they relate to toxicity. In this work, we performed a multilayered study on fibroblasts derived from two ALS patients, namely SOD1L145F and SOD1S135N, carrying the p.L145F and the p.S135N missense variants, respectively. The patients showed diverse symptoms and disease progression in accordance with our bioinformatic analysis, which predicted the different effects of the two mutations in terms of protein structure. Interestingly, both mutations had an effect on the fibroblast energy metabolisms. However, while the SOD1L145F fibroblasts still relied more on oxidative phosphorylation, the SOD1S135N fibroblasts showed a metabolic shift toward glycolysis. Our study suggests that SOD1 mutations might lead to alterations in the energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Perciballi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (F.B.); (F.A.); (I.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.G.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Federica Bovio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (F.B.); (F.A.); (I.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.G.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (J.R.); (A.D.); (G.R.)
| | - Federica Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (F.B.); (F.A.); (I.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.G.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Angela D’Anzi
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (J.R.); (A.D.); (G.R.)
| | - Serena Lattante
- Section of Genomic Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory and Infectious Disease Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gelati
- UPTA Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- ALS Centre Maggiore della Carità Hospital and Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Ivan Lombardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (F.B.); (F.A.); (I.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.G.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Giorgia Ruotolo
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (J.R.); (A.D.); (G.R.)
| | - Matilde Forcella
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (F.B.); (F.A.); (I.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.G.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Centre Maggiore della Carità Hospital and Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Sandra D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), UPO, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), UPO, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Adult NEMO Clinical Center, Unit of Neurology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopedic and Head-Neck Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.)
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Amelia Conte
- Adult NEMO Clinical Center, Unit of Neurology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopedic and Head-Neck Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.)
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (F.B.); (F.A.); (I.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.G.); (A.L.V.)
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (F.B.); (F.A.); (I.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.G.); (A.L.V.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (F.B.); (F.A.); (I.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.G.); (A.L.V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (D.F.); Tel.: +39-348-004-6641 (D.F.)
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (F.B.); (F.A.); (I.L.); (M.F.); (L.D.G.); (A.L.V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (D.F.); Tel.: +39-348-004-6641 (D.F.)
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4
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Li C, Yang T, Ou R, Shang H. Overlapping Genetic Architecture Between Schizophrenia and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:797072. [PMID: 35004692 PMCID: PMC8740133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.797072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested comorbidity between schizophrenia and several neurodegenerative disorders. However, little is known whether there exists shared genetic architecture. To explore their relationship from a genetic and transcriptomic perspective, we applied polygenic and linkage disequilibrium-informed methods to examine the genetic correlation between schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. We further combined genome-wide association summary statistics with large-scale transcriptomic datasets, to identify putative shared genes and explore related pathological tissues. We identified positive and significant correlation between schizophrenia and ALS at genetic (correlation 0.22; 95% CI: 0.16–0.28; p = 4.00E-04) and transcriptomic (correlation 0.08; 95% CI: 0.04–0.11; p = 0.034) levels. We further demonstrated that schizophrenia- and ALS-inferred gene expression overlap significantly in four tissues including skin, small intestine, brain cortex and lung, and highlighted three genes, namely GLB1L3, ZNHIT3 and TMEM194A as potential mediators of the correlation between schizophrenia and ALS. Our findings revealed overlapped gene expression profiles in specific tissues between schizophrenia and ALS, and identified novel potential shared genes. These results provided a better understanding for the pleiotropy of schizophrenia, and paved way for future studies to further elucidate the molecular drivers of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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TDP-43 Cytoplasmic Translocation in the Skin Fibroblasts of ALS Patients. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020209. [PMID: 35053327 PMCID: PMC8773870 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of ALS is based on clinical symptoms when motoneuron degeneration is significant. Therefore, new approaches for early diagnosis are needed. We aimed to assess if alterations in appearance and cellular localization of cutaneous TDP-43 may represent a biomarker for ALS. Skin biopsies from 64 subjects were analyzed: 44 ALS patients, 10 healthy controls (HC) and 10 neurological controls (NC) (Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis). TDP-43 immunoreactivity in epidermis and dermis was analyzed, as well as the percentage of cells with TDP-43 cytoplasmic localization. We detected a higher amount of TDP-43 in epidermis (p < 0.001) and in both layers of dermis (p < 0.001), as well as a higher percentage of TDP-43 cytoplasmic positive cells (p < 0.001) in the ALS group compared to HC and NC groups. Dermal cells containing TDP-43 were fibroblasts as identified by co-labeling against vimentin. ROC analyses (AUC 0.867, p < 0.001; CI 95% 0.800–0.935) showed that detection of 24.1% cells with cytoplasmic TDP-43 positivity in the dermis had 85% sensitivity and 80% specificity for detecting ALS. We have identified significantly increased TDP-43 levels in epidermis and in the cytoplasm of dermal cells of ALS patients. Our findings provide support for the use of TDP-43 in skin biopsies as a potential biomarker.
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6
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Ozdinler PH, Gautam M, Gozutok O, Konrad C, Manfredi G, Gomez EA, Mitsumoto H, Erb ML, Tian Z, Haase G. Better understanding the neurobiology of primary lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:35-46. [PMID: 33602014 PMCID: PMC8016556 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1837175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of upper motor neurons (UMNs). Recent studies shed new light onto the cellular events that are particularly important for UMN maintenance including intracellular trafficking, mitochondrial energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes these advances including the role of Alsin as a gene linked to atypical forms of juvenile PLS, and discusses wider aspects of cellular pathology that have been observed in adult forms of PLS. The review further discusses the prospects of new transgenic upper motor neuron reporter mice, human stem cell-derived UMN cultures, cerebral organoids and non-human primates as future model systems to better understand and ultimately treat PLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oge Gozutok
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Estela Area Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcella L. Erb
- School of Medicine Light Microscopy Core, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Tian
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Georg Haase
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Marseille, France
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Pham J, Keon M, Brennan S, Saksena N. Connecting RNA-Modifying Similarities of TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 with MicroRNA Dysregulation Amidst A Renewed Network Perspective of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Proteinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103464. [PMID: 32422969 PMCID: PMC7278980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond traditional approaches in understanding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple recent studies in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)-including transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS)-have instigated an interest in their function and prion-like properties. Given their prominence as hallmarks of a highly heterogeneous disease, this prompts a re-examination of the specific functional interrelationships between these proteins, especially as pathological SOD1-a non-RBP commonly associated with familial ALS (fALS)-exhibits similar properties to these RBPs including potential RNA-regulatory capabilities. Moreover, the cytoplasmic mislocalization, aggregation, and co-aggregation of TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 can be identified as proteinopathies akin to other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), eliciting strong ties to disrupted RNA splicing, transport, and stability. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been increasingly implicated in the disease, and are of greater significance as they are the master regulators of RNA metabolism in disease pathology. However, little is known about the role of these proteins and how they are regulated by miRNA, which would provide mechanistic insights into ALS pathogenesis. This review seeks to discuss current developments across TDP-43, FUS, and SOD1 to build a detailed snapshot of the network pathophysiology underlying ALS while aiming to highlight possible novel therapeutic targets to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Pham
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia;
| | - Matt Keon
- Iggy Get Out, Neurodegenerative Disease Section, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Samuel Brennan
- Iggy Get Out, Neurodegenerative Disease Section, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (M.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Nitin Saksena
- Iggy Get Out, Neurodegenerative Disease Section, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (M.K.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Riancho J, Arozamena S, López de Munaín A. Dermic-derived fibroblasts for the study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2043-2044. [PMID: 32394958 PMCID: PMC7716046 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL, Torrelavega; Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Arozamena
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munaín
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid; Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Research Institute; Service of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia; Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
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9
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C9-ALS/FTD-linked proline-arginine dipeptide repeat protein associates with paraspeckle components and increases paraspeckle formation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:746. [PMID: 31582731 PMCID: PMC6776546 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene has been identified as the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The repeat expansion undergoes unconventional translation to produce five dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). Although DPRs are thought to be neurotoxic, the molecular mechanism underlying the DPR-caused neurotoxicity has not been fully elucidated. The current study shows that poly-proline-arginine (poly-PR), the most toxic DPR in vitro, binds to and up-regulates nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) that plays an essential role as a scaffold non-coding RNA during the paraspeckle formation. The CRISPR-assisted up-regulation of endogenous NEAT1 causes neurotoxicity. We also show that the poly-PR modulates the function of several paraspeckle-localizing heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Furthermore, dysregulated expression of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) up-regulates NEAT1 expression and induces neurotoxicity. These results suggest that the increase in the paraspeckle formation may be involved in the poly-PR- and TDP-43-mediated neurotoxicity.
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10
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Chen C, Ding X, Akram N, Xue S, Luo SZ. Fused in Sarcoma: Properties, Self-Assembly and Correlation with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081622. [PMID: 31022909 PMCID: PMC6514960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a DNA/RNA binding protein that is involved in RNA metabolism and DNA repair. Numerous reports have demonstrated by pathological and genetic analysis that FUS is associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and polyglutamine diseases. Traditionally, the fibrillar aggregation of FUS was considered to be the cause of those diseases, especially via its prion-like domains (PrLDs), which are rich in glutamine and asparagine residues. Lately, a nonfibrillar self-assembling phenomenon, liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), was observed in FUS, and studies of its functions, mechanism, and mutual transformation with pathogenic amyloid have been emerging. This review summarizes recent studies on FUS self-assembling, including both aggregation and LLPS as well as their relationship with the pathology of ALS, FTLD, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiufang Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Nimrah Akram
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Song Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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11
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Pampalakis G, Mitropoulos K, Xiromerisiou G, Dardiotis E, Deretzi G, Anagnostouli M, Katsila T, Rentzos M, Patrinos GP. New molecular diagnostic trends and biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:361-373. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of PharmacyAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Anagnostouli
- University of Athens School of MedicineAiginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Department of PharmacySchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Michail Rentzos
- University of Athens School of MedicineAiginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Department of PharmacySchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Patras Patras Greece
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates University Al Ain UAE
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12
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Tábuas-Pereira M, Almendra L, Almeida MR, Durães J, Pinho A, Matos A, Negrão L, Geraldo A, Santana I. Increased risk of melanoma in C9ORF72 repeat expansion carriers: A case-control study. Muscle Nerve 2018; 59:362-365. [PMID: 30447080 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are considered part of the same pathological spectrum. There is an increased risk of ALS in patients who have had melanoma. The risk of FTLD in melanoma (or cancer) patients is unknown. We aimed to study if C9ORF72 expansion is linked to a higher prevalence of melanoma. METHODS We selected patients with a diagnosis in the ALS-FTLD spectrum who were tested for pathogenic mutations. Medical history was reviewed, to identify those with pathologically documented melanomas. RESULTS We included 189 patients. Sixty-two had identified pathogenic mutations (39 C9ORF72). C9ORF72 carriers had a significantly higher risk of melanoma (odds ratio = 24.709; P < 0.007). There was no association with phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that patients with a history of melanoma may have an increased probability of carrying a C9ORF72 repeat expansion. ALS or FTLD carriers of C9ORF72 should undergo surveillance for skin changes. Muscle Nerve 59:362-365, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- CHUC, Serviço de Neurologia, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciano Almendra
- CHUC, Serviço de Neurologia, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - João Durães
- CHUC, Serviço de Neurologia, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Pinho
- Dermatology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Matos
- CHUC, Serviço de Neurologia, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Negrão
- CHUC, Serviço de Neurologia, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Argemiro Geraldo
- CHUC, Serviço de Neurologia, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- CHUC, Serviço de Neurologia, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Walczak J, Dębska-Vielhaber G, Vielhaber S, Szymański J, Charzyńska A, Duszyński J, Szczepanowska J. Distinction of sporadic and familial forms of ALS based on mitochondrial characteristics. FASEB J 2018; 33:4388-4403. [PMID: 30550341 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801843r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioenergetic failure, oxidative stress, and changes in mitochondrial morphology are common pathologic hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in several cellular and animal models. Disturbed mitochondrial physiology has serious consequences for proper functioning of the cell, leading to the chronic mitochondrial stress. Mitochondria, being in the center of cellular metabolism, play a pivotal role in adaptation to stress conditions. We found that mitochondrial dysfunction and adaptation processes differ in primary fibroblasts derived from patients diagnosed with either sporadic or familial forms of ALS. The evaluation of mitochondrial parameters such as the mitochondrial membrane potential, the oxygen consumption rate, the activity and levels of respiratory chain complexes, and the levels of ATP, reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ show that the bioenergetic properties of mitochondria are different in sporadic ALS, familial ALS, and control groups. Comparative statistical analysis of the data set (with use of principal component analysis and support vector machine) identifies and distinguishes 3 separate groups despite the small number of investigated cell lines and high variability in measured parameters. These findings could be a first step in development of a new tool for predicting sporadic and familial forms of ALS and could contribute to knowledge of its pathophysiology.-Walczak, J., Dębska-Vielhaber, G., Vielhaber, S., Szymański, J., Charzyńska, A., Duszyński, J., Szczepanowska, J. Distinction of sporadic and familial forms of ALS based on mitochondrial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Walczak
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; and
| | - Jędrzej Szymański
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Charzyńska
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Duszyński
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanowska
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Polymenidou M, Cleveland DW. Biological Spectrum of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Prions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024133. [PMID: 28062558 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD) are two neurodegenerative diseases with distinct clinical features but common genetic causes and neuropathological signatures. Ten years after the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 was discovered as the main protein in the cytoplasmic inclusions that characterize ALS and FTLD, their pathogenic mechanisms have never seemed more complex. Indeed, discoveries of the past decade have revolutionized our understanding of these diseases, highlighting their genetic heterogeneity and the involvement of protein-RNA assemblies in their pathogenesis. Importantly, these assemblies serve as the foci of protein misfolding and mature into insoluble structures, which further recruit native proteins, turning them into misfolded forms. This self-perpetuating mechanism is a twisted version of classical prion replication that leads to amplification of pathological protein complexes that spread throughout the neuraxis, offering a pathogenic principle that underlies the rapid disease progression that characterizes ALS and FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Polymenidou
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0670
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15
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Fibroblast bioenergetics to classify amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:76. [PMID: 29065921 PMCID: PMC5655870 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate cellular bioenergetics in primary skin fibroblasts derived from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to determine if they can be used as classifiers for patient stratification. METHODS We assembled a collection of unprecedented size of fibroblasts from patients with sporadic ALS (sALS, n = 171), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS, n = 34), ALS/PLS with C9orf72 mutations (n = 13), and healthy controls (n = 91). In search for novel ALS classifiers, we performed extensive studies of fibroblast bioenergetics, including mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration, glycolysis, and ATP content. Next, we developed a machine learning approach to determine whether fibroblast bioenergetic features could be used to stratify patients. RESULTS Compared to controls, sALS and PLS fibroblasts had higher average mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration, and glycolysis, suggesting that they were in a hypermetabolic state. Only membrane potential was elevated in C9Orf72 lines. ATP steady state levels did not correlate with respiration and glycolysis in sALS and PLS lines. Based on bioenergetic profiles, a support vector machine (SVM) was trained to classify sALS and PLS with 99% specificity and 70% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS sALS, PLS, and C9Orf72 fibroblasts share hypermetabolic features, while presenting differences of bioenergetics. The absence of correlation between energy metabolism activation and ATP levels in sALS and PLS fibroblasts suggests that in these cells hypermetabolism is a mechanism to adapt to energy dissipation. Results from SVM support the use of metabolic characteristics of ALS fibroblasts and multivariate analysis to develop classifiers for patient stratification.
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16
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Lojk J, Prpar Mihevc S, Bregar VB, Pavlin M, Rogelj B. The Effect of Different Types of Nanoparticles on FUS and TDP-43 Solubility and Subcellular Localization. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:325-339. [PMID: 28444573 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased environmental pollution has been suggested as one of the possible causes for increased incidence of neurodegenerative and developmental disorders. Through the environmental pollution, everyday consumer products and nanomedical applications, we are also exposed to various nanoparticles (NPs). Specific types of NPs have been shown to be able to cause neural damage in vivo through processes such as disruption of the blood-brain barrier, induction of neuroinflammation, increase in oxidative stress and protein aggregation. In this study, we analysed the influence of PEI-coated magnetic NPs designed for biotechnological applications and industrial SiO2, TiO2 N and TiO2 P25 NPs on intracellular localization and solubility of fused in farcoma (FUS) and TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) that are important pathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and B16 mouse melanoma cells were exposed to NPs for 24 h and analysed using confocal microscopy and Western blot. Exposure to 50 μg/ml TiO2 N and 4 μg/ml PEI NPs in SH-SY5Y cells caused cell toxicity-induced changes in expression in different biochemical/cellular fractions for both FUS and TDP-43 proteins. TiO2 N induced a drop in nuclear levels of TDP-43 and increase in cytoplasmic levels of FUS, while PEI NPs increased nuclear levels of FUS. Furthermore, TiO2 N and PEI induced a reduction of FUS and TDP-43 quantity in the less soluble urea fraction. No formation of stress granules was observed. These results demonstrate that TiO2 N and PEI NPs can affect the behaviour of FUS and TDP-43 proteins; however, the changes were relatively minor compared to pathological changes even for the high NP concentrations (50 μg/ml) used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lojk
- Biomedical Research Institute (BRIS), Puhova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Prpar Mihevc
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir Boštjan Bregar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Biomedical Research Institute (BRIS), Puhova 10, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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17
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Evaluation of Skin Fibroblasts from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients for the Rapid Study of Pathological Features. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:138-46. [PMID: 26013250 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the progressive degeneration of brain and spinal cord motor neurons. Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in ALS pathogenesis. However, it is unknown whether the defects in these pathways extend to non-neuronal tissues such as fibroblasts. Fibroblasts, unlike neuronal tissue, are readily available and may hold potential for short-term, rapid diagnostic and prognostic purposes. We investigated whether primary skin fibroblasts from ALS patients share, or can be manipulated to develop, functional and pathological abnormalities seen in affected neuronal cells. We inhibited UPS function and induced oxidative stress in the fibroblasts and found that ALS-related cellular changes, such as aggregate formation and ubiquitination of ALS-associated proteins (TDP-43 and ubiquilin 2), can be reproduced in these cells. Higher levels of TDP-43 ubiquitination, as evident by colocalization between TDP-43 and ubiquitin, were found in all six ALS cases compared to controls following extracellular insults. In contrast, colocalization between ubiquilin 2 and ubiquitin was not markedly different between ALS cases and control. A UPS reporter assay revealed UPS abnormalities in patient fibroblasts. Despite the presence of ALS-related cellular changes in the patient fibroblasts, no elevated toxicity was observed. This suggests that aggregate formation and colocalization of ALS-associated proteins may be insufficient alone to confer toxicity in fibroblasts used in the present study. Chronic exposure to ALS-linked stresses and the ALS-linked cellular pathologies may be necessary to breach an unknown threshold that triggers cell death.
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18
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Paré B, Touzel-Deschênes L, Lamontagne R, Lamarre MS, Scott FD, Khuong HT, Dion PA, Bouchard JP, Gould P, Rouleau GA, Dupré N, Berthod F, Gros-Louis F. Early detection of structural abnormalities and cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 in tissue-engineered skins derived from ALS patients. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:5. [PMID: 25637145 PMCID: PMC4359444 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset disease characterized by the selective degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord progressively leading to paralysis and death. Current diagnosis of ALS is based on clinical assessment of related symptoms. The clinical manifestations observed in ALS appear relatively late in the disease course after degeneration of a significant number of motor neurons. As a result, the identification and development of disease-modifying therapies is difficult. Therefore, novel strategies for early diagnosis of neurodegeneration, to monitor disease progression and to assess response to existing and future treatments are urgently needed. Factually, many neurological disorders, including ALS, are accompanied by skin changes that often precede the onset of neurological symptoms. Aiming to generate an innovative human-based model to facilitate the identification of predictive biomarkers associated with the disease, we developed a unique ALS tissue-engineered skin model (ALS-TES) derived from patient’s own cells. The ALS-TES presents a number of striking features including altered epidermal differentiation, abnormal dermo-epidermal junction, delamination, keratinocyte infiltration, collagen disorganization and cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions. Remarkably, these abnormal skin defects, uniquely seen in the ALS-derived skins, were detected in pre-symtomatic C9orf72-linked ALS patients carrying the GGGGCC DNA repeat expansion. Consequently, our ALS skin model could represent a renewable source of human tissue, quickly and easily accessible to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms underlying this disease, to facilitate the identification of disease-specific biomarkers, and to develop innovative tools for early diagnosis and disease monitoring.
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19
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Kirk K, Gennings C, Hupf JC, Tadesse S, D'Aurelio M, Kawamata H, Valsecchi F, Mitsumoto H, Manfredi G. Bioenergetic markers in skin fibroblasts of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive lateral sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2014; 76:620-4. [PMID: 25090982 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism could influence amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and progressive lateral sclerosis (PLS) pathogenesis and the response to therapy. We developed a novel assay to simultaneously assess mitochondrial content and membrane potential in patients' skin fibroblasts. In ALS and PLS fibroblasts, membrane potential was increased and mitochondrial content decreased, relative to healthy controls. In ALS higher mitochondrial membrane potential correlated with age at diagnosis, and in PLS it correlated with disease severity. These unprecedented findings in ALS and PLS fibroblasts could shed new light onto disease pathogenesis and help in developing biomarkers to predict disease evolution and the individual response to therapy in motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryne Kirk
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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20
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The association between cancer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 24:55-60. [PMID: 23090035 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that some neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, are inversely related to cancer. Few epidemiologic studies have examined the relationship between cancer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), another major neurodegenerative disease. This study addresses that gap. METHODS Using data from 16 population-based cancer registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the U.S. National Cancer Institute and death certificates, we followed 2.7 million cancer survivors who were diagnosed between 1973 and 2007, and who survived at least 1 year following cancer diagnosis. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of observed to expected ALS deaths in cancer survivors was calculated. RESULTS A total of 1,216 ALS deaths were reported among 1 year survivors of cancer over 16.6 million person-years of follow-up. ALS mortality was not significantly associated with the incidence of total cancers [SMR = 1.00 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.95-1.06)]. There was, however, a significantly elevated risk of ALS death among survivors of melanoma [SMR = 1.49 (95 % (CI), 1.17-1.85)] and of tongue cancer [SMR = 2.57 (95 % CI, 1.41-4.32)], and a significantly reduced ALS death risk among prostate cancer survivors [SMR = 0.86 (95 % CI, 0.76-0.96)]. CONCLUSIONS Cancer at certain sites may be related to risk of ALS death. Possible biologic factors linking ALS to these cancers are discussed. Future studies should attempt to confirm these associations using incident ALS outcomes. Establishing relationships between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, opens new opportunities for understanding related pathophysiologic and therapeutic possibilities for these diseases.
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21
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Suzuki H, Matsuoka M. The JNK/c-Jun signaling axis contributes to the TDP-43-induced cell death. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 372:241-8. [PMID: 23001869 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is closely linked to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U). The contribution of the upregulation of TDP-43 expression to the pathogenesis has been strongly suggested by the observation that the level of TDP-43 expression is increased in both ALS and FTLD-U patients. We previously found that the low-grade (twice to five times more than the endogenous level) overexpression of TDP-43 induces neuronal cell death through the upregulation of Bim and CHOP expression and the downregulation of Bcl-xL expression. In this study, we further show that the low-grade overexpression of TDP-43 increases the level of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the co-incubation with a JNK inhibitor, the expression of a dominant-negative JNK, or the expression of a dominant-negative c-Jun inhibited the TDP-43-induced death in NSC34 motor neuronal cells. These data together suggest that the JNK/c-Jun signaling axis contributes to the TDP-43-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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22
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Clos AL, Kayed R, Lasagna-Reeves CA. Association of skin with the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative amyloidosis. Front Neurol 2012; 3:5. [PMID: 22319507 PMCID: PMC3262151 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis are a large group of conformational diseases characterized by abnormal protein folding and assembly which results in the accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates that may accumulate systemically or locally in certain organs or tissue. In local amyloidosis, amyloid deposits are restricted to a particular organ or tissue. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are some examples of neurodegenerative amyloidosis. Local manifestation of protein aggregation in the skin has also been reported. Brain and skin are highly connected at a physiological and pathological level. Recently several studies demonstrated a strong connection between brain and skin in different amyloid diseases. In the present review, we discuss the relevance of the “brain–skin connection” in different neurodegenerative amyloidosis, not only at the pathological level, but also as a strategy for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra L Clos
- Department of Dermatology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Houston, TX, USA
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Swarup V, Phaneuf D, Dupré N, Petri S, Strong M, Kriz J, Julien JP. Deregulation of TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis triggers nuclear factor κB-mediated pathogenic pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:2429-47. [PMID: 22084410 PMCID: PMC3256969 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) inclusions are a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we report that TDP-43 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 messenger RNA and protein expression is higher in spinal cords in ALS patients than healthy individuals. TDP-43 interacts with and colocalizes with p65 in glial and neuronal cells from ALS patients and mice expressing wild-type and mutant TDP-43 transgenes but not in cells from healthy individuals or nontransgenic mice. TDP-43 acted as a co-activator of p65, and glial cells expressing higher amounts of TDP-43 produced more proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic mediators after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or reactive oxygen species. TDP-43 overexpression in neurons also increased their vulnerability to toxic mediators. Treatment of TDP-43 mice with Withaferin A, an inhibitor of NF-κB activity, reduced denervation in the neuromuscular junction and ALS disease symptoms. We propose that TDP-43 deregulation contributes to ALS pathogenesis in part by enhancing NF-κB activation and that NF-κB may constitute a therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Swarup
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Research Centre of the University Hospital Centre of Quebec, Canada
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The cycad genotoxin MAM modulates brain cellular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disease and cancer in a DNA damage-linked manner. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20911. [PMID: 21731631 PMCID: PMC3121718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylazoxymethanol (MAM), the genotoxic metabolite of the cycad azoxyglucoside cycasin, induces genetic alterations in bacteria, yeast, plants, insects and mammalian cells, but adult nerve cells are thought to be unaffected. We show that the brains of adult C57BL6 wild-type mice treated with a single systemic dose of MAM acetate display DNA damage (O6-methyldeoxyguanosine lesions, O6-mG) that remains constant up to 7 days post-treatment. By contrast, MAM-treated mice lacking a functional gene encoding the DNA repair enzyme O6-mG DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) showed elevated O6-mG DNA damage starting at 48 hours post-treatment. The DNA damage was linked to changes in the expression of genes in cell-signaling pathways associated with cancer, human neurodegenerative disease, and neurodevelopmental disorders. These data are consistent with the established developmental neurotoxic and carcinogenic properties of MAM in rodents. They also support the hypothesis that early-life exposure to MAM-glucoside (cycasin) has an etiological association with a declining, prototypical neurodegenerative disease seen in Guam, Japan, and New Guinea populations that formerly used the neurotoxic cycad plant for food or medicine, or both. These findings suggest environmental genotoxins, specifically MAM, target common pathways involved in neurodegeneration and cancer, the outcome depending on whether the cell can divide (cancer) or not (neurodegeneration). Exposure to MAM-related environmental genotoxins may have relevance to the etiology of related tauopathies, notably, Alzheimer's disease.
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De Marco G, Lupino E, Calvo A, Moglia C, Buccinnà B, Grifoni S, Ramondetti C, Lomartire A, Rinaudo MT, Piccinini M, Giordana MT, Chiò A. Cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 in circulating lymphomonocytes of ALS patients with and without TARDBP mutations. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 121:611-22. [PMID: 21120508 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-010-0786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
TDP-43, encoded by TARDBP, is a ubiquitously expressed, primarily nuclear protein. In recent years, TDP-43 has been identified as the major pathological protein in ALS due to its mislocalisation in the cytoplasm of motor neurons of patients with and without TARDBP mutations and expression in forms that do not match its predicted molecular weight. In this study, the TDP-43 profile was investigated using western immunoblot analysis in whole lysates, nuclei and cytoplasm of circulating lymphomonocytes from 16 ALS patients, 4 with (ALS/TDP+) and 12 without (ALS/TDP-) TARDBP mutations in the protein C-terminal domain, and thirteen age-matched, healthy donors (controls). Three disease-unaffected first-degree relatives of an ALS/TDP+ patient were also included: one carried the parent mutation (Rel/TDP+) whereas the other two did not (Rel/TDP-). In all ALS patients, relatives and controls, TDP-43 retained the predicted molecular weight in whole cell lysates and nuclei, but in the cytoplasm its molecular weight was slightly smaller than expected. In quantitative terms, TDP-43 was expressed at approximately the same levels in whole cell lysates of ALS patients, relatives and controls. In contrast, TDP-43 accumulated in the cytoplasm with concomitant nuclear depletion in all ALS/TDP+ patients, in about 50% of ALS/TDP- patients and in the Rel/TDP+ subject compared to the controls. In the remaining ALS/TDP- patients and in the two Rel/TDP- subjects, TDP-43 matched the control levels in both subcellular compartments. Were these findings further confirmed, circulating lymphomonocytes could be informative of TDP-43 mislocalisation in nervous tissue and used as a biomarker for future disease risk.
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of upper and lower motor neurons that causes progressive weakness and death. The breadth of research in ALS continues to grow with exciting new discoveries in disease pathogenesis and potential future therapeutics. There is a growing list of identified mutations in familial ALS, including those in genes encoding TDP-43 and FUS/TLS, which are expanding our understanding of the role of RNA modulation in ALS pathogenesis. There is a greater appreciation for the role of glial cells in motor neuron disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also being shown to be critical for motor neuron degeneration. In addition to pharmacotherapy, there are promising early developments with therapeutic implications in the areas of RNA interference, stem cell therapies, viral vector-mediated gene therapy, and immunotherapy. With greater understanding of ALS pathogenesis and exciting new therapeutic technologies, there is hope for future progress in treating this disease.
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Suzuki H, Lee K, Matsuoka M. TDP-43-induced death is associated with altered regulation of BIM and Bcl-xL and attenuated by caspase-mediated TDP-43 cleavage. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:13171-83. [PMID: 21339291 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.197483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal aggregates of transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) and its hyperphosphorylated and N-terminal truncated C-terminal fragments (CTFs) are deposited as major components of ubiquitinated inclusions in most cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD-U). The mechanism underlying the contribution of TDP-43 to the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative diseases remains unknown. In this study, we found that a 2-5-fold increase in TDP-43 expression over the endogenous level induced death of NSC34 motor neuronal cells and primary cortical neurons. TDP-43-induced death is associated with up-regulation of Bim expression and down-regulation of Bcl-xL expression. siRNA-mediated reduction of Bim expression attenuates TDP-43-induced death. Accumulated evidence indicates that caspases are activated in neurons of ALS and FTLD-U patients, and activated caspase-mediated cleavage of TDP-43 generates CTFs of TDP-43. Here, we further found that the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress- or staurosporine-mediated activation of caspases leads to cleavage of TDP-43 at Asp(89) and Asp(169), generating CTF35 (TDP-43-(90-414)) and CTF27 (TDP-43-(170-414)) in cultured neuronal cells. In contrast to TDP-43, CTF27 is unable to induce death while it forms aggregates. CTF35 was weaker than full-length TDP-43 in inducing death. A cleavage-resistant mutant of TDP-43 (TDP-43-D89E/D169E) showed stronger death-inducing activity than wild-type TDP-43. These results suggest that disease-related activation of caspases may attenuate TDP-43-induced toxicity by promoting TDP-43 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Watanabe T, Okeda Y, Yamano T, Ono S. An immunohistochemical study of ubiquitin in the skin of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2010; 298:52-6. [PMID: 20850799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (UB)-immunoreactive filamentous inclusions, absent in normal cases and in any other disorder, have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and it has been suggested that they may be characteristic of this disorder. However, there has been no study of UB in ALS skin. We made a quantitative immunohistochemical study of the expression of UB in the skin from 19 patients with sporadic ALS and 19 control subjects. The proportion of UB-positive (UB+) cells in the epidermis in ALS patients was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in controls. There was a significant positive relationship (r=0.92, p<0.001) between the proportion and duration of illness in ALS patients. The optical density of UB+ cells in the epidermis in ALS patients is markedly stronger (p<0.001) than in controls. There was a significant positive relation (r=0.58, p<0.01) between the immunoreactivity and duration of illness in ALS patients. These data suggest that changes of UB in ALS skin are related to the disease process and that metabolic alterations of UB may take place in the skin of patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara, Japan
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Wakabayashi K, Mori F, Tanji K, Orimo S, Takahashi H. Involvement of the peripheral nervous system in synucleinopathies, tauopathies and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies of the brain. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 120:1-12. [PMID: 20532896 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-010-0706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is relatively common in some neurodegenerative proteinopathies of the brain and may be pathogenetically and diagnostically important. In Parkinson's disease, neuronal alpha-synuclein aggregates are distributed throughout the nervous system, including the central nervous system (CNS), sympathetic ganglia, enteric nervous system, cardiac and pelvic plexuses, submandibular gland, adrenal medulla and skin. The pathological process may target the PNS and CNS at the same time. In multiple system atrophy, numerous glial cytoplasmic inclusions composed of filamentous alpha-synuclein are widely distributed in the CNS, while alpha-synuclein accumulation is minimal in the sympathetic ganglia and is restricted to neurons. Neurofibrillary tangles can occur in the sympathetic and spinal ganglia in tauopathy, although they appear to develop independently of cerebral Alzheimer's disease pathology. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neuronal loss with TDP-43-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the spinal ganglia is more frequent than previously thought. Peripheral ganglia and visceral organs are also involved in polyglutamine diseases. Further elucidation and characterization of PNS lesions will have implications for intravital biopsy diagnosis in neurodegenerative proteinopathy, particularly in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
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Lagier-Tourenne C, Polymenidou M, Cleveland DW. TDP-43 and FUS/TLS: emerging roles in RNA processing and neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:R46-64. [PMID: 20400460 PMCID: PMC3167692 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 711] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are neurodegenerative diseases with clinical and pathological overlap. Landmark discoveries of mutations in the transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) as causative of ALS and FTLD, combined with the abnormal aggregation of these proteins, have initiated a shifting paradigm for the underlying pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. TDP-43 and FUS/TLS are both RNA/DNA-binding proteins with striking structural and functional similarities. Their association with ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases is redirecting research efforts toward understanding the role of RNA processing regulation in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Don W. Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-6070, USA
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