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Jiménez AG, Harper JM. Exploring the role of primary fibroblast cells in comparative physiology: a historical and contemporary overview. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R45-R54. [PMID: 37184223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of tissue culture, and eventually the in vitro growth and maintenance of individual cell types, it became possible to ask mechanistic questions about whole organism physiology that are impractical to address within a captive setting or within the whole organism. The earliest studies focused on understanding the wound-healing response while refining cell growth and maintenance protocols from various species. In addition to its extensive use in biomedical research, this approach has been co-opted by comparative physiologists interested in reductionist/mechanistic questions related to how cellular physiology can help explain whole organism function. Here, we provide a historical perspective on the emergence of primary cell culture with an emphasis on fibroblasts followed by an overview of applying this method to ask questions about the role of life-history evolution in shaping organismal physiology at the cellular level, as well as the effect of exogenous factors (i.e., temperature, and oxygen availability) on cellular function. Finally, we propose future uses for primary fibroblasts to address questions in conservation biology and comparative physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M Harper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, United States
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Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Reicher P, Miglinci L, Brodesser DM, Brandt S. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 or 2 Virion-Infected Primary Fibroblasts Constitute a Near-Natural Equine Sarcoid Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122658. [PMID: 36560661 PMCID: PMC9781842 DOI: 10.3390/v14122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine sarcoids are common, locally aggressive skin tumors induced by bovine papillomavirus types 1, 2, and possibly 13 (BPV1, BPV2, BPV13). Current in vitro models do not mimic de novo infection. We established primary fibroblasts from horse skin and succeeded in infecting these cells with native BPV1 and BPV2 virions. Subsequent cell characterization was carried out by cell culture, immunological, and molecular biological techniques. Infection of fibroblasts with serial 10-fold virion dilutions (2 × 106-20 virions) uniformly led to DNA loads settling at around 150 copies/cell after four passages. Infected cells displayed typical features of equine sarcoid cells, including hyperproliferation, and loss of contact inhibition. Neither multiple passaging nor storage negatively affected cell hyperproliferation, viral DNA replication, and gene transcription, suggestive for infection-mediated cell immortalization. Intriguingly, extracellular vesicles released by BPV1-infected fibroblasts contained viral DNA that was most abundant in the fractions enriched for apoptotic bodies and exosomes. This viral DNA is likely taken up by non-infected fibroblasts. We conclude that equine primary fibroblasts stably infected with BPV1 and BPV2 virions constitute a valuable near-natural model for the study of yet unexplored mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of BPV1/2-induced sarcoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund K. Hainisch
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Division Molecular Oncology and Haematology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Paul Reicher
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea Miglinci
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela M. Brodesser
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-5308
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3
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Vivier S, Chepy A, Bray F, Guerrier T, Speca S, Flament S, Jendoubi M, Balden M, Rolando C, Hachulla E, Launay D, Dubucquoi S, Sobanski V. Passages in culture and stimulation conditions influence protein expression of primary fibroblasts. Proteomics 2021; 22:e2100116. [PMID: 34665929 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts (Fb) are key effector cells in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Fb stimulation with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is considered as a positive control in studies assessing fibrogenesis. The lack of standardization of TGF-β1 stimulation might be responsible for discrepancies in experiments performed in different conditions. Using quantitative proteomics analysis, we evaluated the impact of changes in experimental conditions on proteomic profiles of primary Fb. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified several groups of differentially expressed proteins influenced by cell passage, culture medium, and both concentration and duration of exposure to TGF-β1 stimulation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that late passages expressed proteins involved in senescence. TGF-β1 concentration and time of stimulation were correlated with the expression of proteins involved in the fibrogenesis and inflammatory processes. These data underline the need for standardization of culture conditions to allow inter-data comparisons in future in vitro studies, especially when using "omics" approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Vivier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Aurélien Chepy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bray
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, USR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Guerrier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- Institut d'Immunologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Silvia Speca
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Flament
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, USR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, Lille, France
| | - Manel Jendoubi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Maïté Balden
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- Institut d'Immunologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, USR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, Lille, France
| | - Eric Hachulla
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
| | - Sylvain Dubucquoi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- Institut d'Immunologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Sobanski
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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Zehfus LR, Gillespie ZE, Almendáriz-Palacios C, Low NH, Eskiw CH. Haskap Berry Phenolic Subclasses Differentially Impact Cellular Stress Sensing in Primary and Immortalized Dermal Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102643. [PMID: 34685623 PMCID: PMC8534008 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that dietary phenolics from fruits are of significant importance to human health. Unfortunately, there is minimal published data on how differences in phenolic structure(s) impact biological pathways at cellular and molecular levels. We observed that haskap berry extracts isolated with ethanol:formic acid:water or phenolic subclass fractions separated using different concentrations of ethanol (40% and 100%) impacted cell growth in a positive manner. All fractions and extracts significantly increased population doubling times. All extracts and fractions reduced intracellular free radicals; however, there were differences in these effects, indicating different abilities to scavenge free radicals. The extracts and fractions also exhibited differing impacts on transcripts encoding the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD1, GPX1, GSS and HMOX1) and the phosphorylation state of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). We further observed that extracts and fractions containing different phenolic structures had divergent impacts on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). siRNA-mediated knockdown of SIRT1 transcripts demonstrated that this enzyme is key to eliciting haskap phenolic(s) impact on cells. We postulate that phenolic synergism is of significant importance when evaluating their dietary impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily R. Zehfus
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (L.R.Z.); (C.A.-P.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Zoe E. Gillespie
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Carla Almendáriz-Palacios
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (L.R.Z.); (C.A.-P.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Nicholas H. Low
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (L.R.Z.); (C.A.-P.); (N.H.L.)
| | - Christopher H. Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (L.R.Z.); (C.A.-P.); (N.H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +306-966-2454
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Kocher T, Bischof J, Haas SA, March OP, Liemberger B, Hainzl S, Illmer J, Hoog A, Muigg K, Binder HM, Klausegger A, Strunk D, Bauer JW, Cathomen T, Koller U. A non-viral and selection-free COL7A1 HDR approach with improved safety profile for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2021; 25:237-250. [PMID: 34458008 PMCID: PMC8368800 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene editing via homology-directed repair (HDR) currently comprises the best strategy to obtain perfect corrections for pathogenic mutations of monogenic diseases, such as the severe recessive dystrophic form of the blistering skin disease epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Limitations of this strategy, in particular low efficiencies and off-target effects, hinder progress toward clinical applications. However, the severity of RDEB necessitates the development of efficient and safe gene-editing therapies based on perfect repair. To this end, we sought to assess the corrective efficiencies following optimal Cas9 nuclease and nickase-based COL7A1-targeting strategies in combination with single- or double-stranded donor templates for HDR at the COL7A1 mutation site. We achieved HDR-mediated correction efficiencies of up to 21% and 10% in primary RDEB keratinocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, as analyzed by next-generation sequencing, leading to full-length type VII collagen restoration and accurate deposition within engineered three-dimensional (3D) skin equivalents (SEs). Extensive on- and off-target analyses confirmed that the combined treatment of paired nicking and single-stranded oligonucleotides constituted a highly efficient COL7A1-editing strategy, associated with a significantly improved safety profile. Our findings, therefore, represent a further advancement in the field of traceless genome editing for genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kocher
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes Bischof
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simone Alexandra Haas
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Patrick March
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernadette Liemberger
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Hainzl
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Illmer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Hoog
- Cell Therapy Institute, SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Muigg
- Cell Therapy Institute, SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heide-Marie Binder
- Cell Therapy Institute, SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alfred Klausegger
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann Wolfgang Bauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Corresponding author Ulrich Koller, EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 22, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Abade dos Santos FA, Carvalho CL, Almeida I, Fagulha T, Rammos F, Barros SC, Henriques M, Luís T, Duarte MD. Simple Method for Establishing Primary Leporidae Skin Fibroblast Cultures. Cells 2021; 10:2100. [PMID: 34440869 PMCID: PMC8391141 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial hare and rabbit immortalized cell lines are extremely limited regarding the many species within the lagomorpha order. To overcome this limitation, researchers and technicians must establish primary cell cultures derived from biopsies or embryos. Among all cell types, fibroblasts are plastic and resilient cells, highly convenient for clinical and fundamental research but also for diagnosis, particularly for viral isolation. Here, we describe a fast and cheap method to produce primary fibroblast cell cultures from leporid species, using dispase II, a protease that allows dermal-epidermal separation, followed by a simple enzymatic digestion with trypsin. This method allows for the establishment of an in vitro cell culture system with an excellent viability yield and purity level higher than 85% and enables the maintenance and even immortalization of leporid fibroblastic cells derived from tissues already differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio A. Abade dos Santos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.C.); (I.A.); (T.F.); (F.R.); (S.C.B.); (M.H.); (T.L.)
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - C. L. Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.C.); (I.A.); (T.F.); (F.R.); (S.C.B.); (M.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Isabel Almeida
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.C.); (I.A.); (T.F.); (F.R.); (S.C.B.); (M.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Teresa Fagulha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.C.); (I.A.); (T.F.); (F.R.); (S.C.B.); (M.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Fernanda Rammos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.C.); (I.A.); (T.F.); (F.R.); (S.C.B.); (M.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Sílvia C. Barros
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.C.); (I.A.); (T.F.); (F.R.); (S.C.B.); (M.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Margarida Henriques
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.C.); (I.A.); (T.F.); (F.R.); (S.C.B.); (M.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Tiago Luís
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.C.); (I.A.); (T.F.); (F.R.); (S.C.B.); (M.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Margarida D. Duarte
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.L.C.); (I.A.); (T.F.); (F.R.); (S.C.B.); (M.H.); (T.L.)
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Gaweda-Walerych K, Walerych D, Berdyński M, Buratti E, Zekanowski C. Parkin Levels Decrease in Fibroblasts With Progranulin (PGRN) Pathogenic Variants and in a Cellular Model of PGRN Deficiency. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:676478. [PMID: 34054428 PMCID: PMC8155584 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.676478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases with TDP-43 mislocalization and aggregation. Genetic forms of FTLD and ALS are caused by pathogenic variants in various genes, such as PGRN (progranulin). To date, depletion of parkin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, a key mitophagy regulator, has been reported in sporadic ALS patients and ALS mice models with TDP-43 proteinopathy. In this work, we show parkin downregulation also in fibroblasts derived from FTLD patients with four different PGRN pathogenic variants. We corroborate this finding in control fibroblasts upon PGRN silencing, demonstrating additionally the decrease of parkin downstream targets, mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). Importantly, we show that TDP-43 overexpression rescues PRKN levels upon transient PGRN silencing, but not in FTLD fibroblasts with PGRN pathogenic variants, despite upregulating PGRN levels in both cases. Further observation of PRKN downregulation upon TDP-43 silencing, suggests that TDP-43 loss-of-function contributes to PRKN decrease. Our results provide further evidence that parkin downregulation might be a common and systemic phenomenon in neurodegenerative diseases with TDP- 43 loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweda-Walerych
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Walerych
- Laboratory of Human Disease Multiomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Berdyński
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- Molecular Pathology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Cezary Zekanowski
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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He X, He Q, Yu W, Huang J, Yang M, Chen W, Han W. Optimized protocol for high-titer lentivirus production and transduction of primary fibroblasts. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:430-442. [PMID: 33683727 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The lentivirus-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system is a widely used tool for RNA interference. Multiple factors may affect the RNA interference efficiency during lentivirus production and transduction procedures. Thus, an optimized protocol is required to achieve high-titer lentivirus and efficient gene delivery. In the present study, lentivirus was produced by transfecting lentiviral transfer and packaging plasmids into HEK 293T cells. The factors affecting lentiviral titer were assessed, including lentiviral plasmid ratio, lentiviral transfer plasmid type, serum type for cell culture, transfection reagent-plasmid mixture incubation time, and the inoculation density of 293T cells for transfection. The high-titer lentivirus was achieved when plasmids were transfected at a molar ratio of 1:1:1:2, and the transfection reagent-plasmid mixture was replaced 6-8 h after transfection. The pLVX-shRNA2 lentiviral transfer plasmid was associated with the highest lentiviral titer, while both pLVX-shRNA2 and psi-LVRU6GP plasmids were associated with efficient RNA interference in target cells. The serum type for 293T cell culture affected the lentiviral titer significantly, while the inoculation density of 293T cells showed no influence on transfection efficiency or lentiviral titer. Moreover, the human primary fibroblasts infected with lentivirus, using the centrifugation method, achieved higher transduction efficiency than those infected with the non-centrifugation method. In conclusion, this study helped optimize lentiviral production and transduction procedures for more efficient gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangshu Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiani Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Koledova Z, Sumbal J, Rabata A, de La Bourdonnaye G, Chaloupkova R, Hrdlickova B, Damborsky J, Stepankova V. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Protein Stability Provides Decreased Dependence on Heparin for Induction of FGFR Signaling and Alters ERK Signaling Dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:331. [PMID: 31921844 PMCID: PMC6924264 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) plays important roles in tissue development and repair. Using heparan sulfates (HS)/heparin as a cofactor, FGF2 binds to FGF receptor (FGFR) and induces downstream signaling pathways, such as ERK pathway, that regulate cellular behavior. In most cell lines, FGF2 signaling displays biphasic dose-response profile, reaching maximal response to intermediate concentrations, but weak response to high levels of FGF2. Recent reports demonstrated that the biphasic cellular response results from competition between binding of FGF2 to HS and FGFR that impinge upon ERK signaling dynamics. However, the role of HS/heparin in FGF signaling has been controversial. Several studies suggested that heparin is not required for FGF-FGFR complex formation and that the main role of heparin is to protect FGF from degradation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between FGF2 stability, heparin dependence and ERK signaling dynamics using FGF2 variants with increased thermal stability (FGF2-STABs). FGF2-STABs showed higher efficiency in induction of FGFR-mediated proliferation, lower affinity to heparin and were less dependent on heparin than wild-type FGF2 (FGF2-wt) for induction of FGFR-mediated mitogenic response. Interestingly, in primary mammary fibroblasts, FGF2-wt displayed a sigmoidal dose-response profile, while FGF2-STABs showed a biphasic response. Moreover, at low concentrations, FGF2-STABs induced ERK signaling more potently and displayed a faster dynamics of full ERK activation and higher amplitudes of ERK signaling than FGF2-wt. Our results suggest that FGF2 stability and heparin dependence are important factors in FGF-FGFR signaling complex assembly and ERK signaling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Koledova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Sumbal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anas Rabata
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gabin de La Bourdonnaye
- Enantis, Brno, Czechia.,Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radka Chaloupkova
- Enantis, Brno, Czechia.,Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Jiri Damborsky
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Enantis, Brno, Czechia.,Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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10
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Lombardo G, Marabini L, Doneda L, Lombardo V, Scricciolo A, Elli L, Della Valle V, Muratori S, Roncoroni L. DNA damage in human skin fibroblasts from patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Eur J Dermatol 2019; 29:167-73. [PMID: 30882351 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2019.3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and celiac disease (CD) are considered to be autoimmune diseases that share a specific trigger (gluten) and a common genetic background (HLA-DQ2/DQ8). However, the pathogenesis of DH is not yet fully understood and no data are available regarding a possible role of fibroblasts in this disease. The aim of this study was to assess baseline DNA damage in fibroblasts in DH-diagnosed patients vs. fibroblasts of controls without DH or CD. Primary fibroblast cultures were derived from dermal biopsies from DH patients and controls (without DH or CD). In vitro genotoxic damage was investigated using the comet assay and ɣH2AX test after different treatments (with 33mer peptide and digested gliadin [DG]) in order to investigate a correlation between oxidative stress (evaluated by reactive oxygen species formation) and glutathione content. Our results demonstrate a difference in baseline DNA damage between cutaneous fibroblasts of controls and DH patients, moreover, DNA damage significantly increased after exposure to gluten (DG and 33mer peptide) in fibroblasts from DH patients. DNA damage in fibroblasts from patients under dapsone treatment was similar to that of the control group. Our data indicate that oxidative stress and DNA damage may be characteristics of fibroblasts from DH patients who are not treated with dapsone, particularly after exposure to gliadin peptides.
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11
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Walczak J, Dębska-Vielhaber G, Vielhaber S, Szymański J, Charzyńska A, Duszyński J, Szczepanowska J. Distinction of sporadic and familial forms of ALS based on mitochondrial characteristics. FASEB J 2018; 33:4388-4403. [PMID: 30550341 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801843r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioenergetic failure, oxidative stress, and changes in mitochondrial morphology are common pathologic hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in several cellular and animal models. Disturbed mitochondrial physiology has serious consequences for proper functioning of the cell, leading to the chronic mitochondrial stress. Mitochondria, being in the center of cellular metabolism, play a pivotal role in adaptation to stress conditions. We found that mitochondrial dysfunction and adaptation processes differ in primary fibroblasts derived from patients diagnosed with either sporadic or familial forms of ALS. The evaluation of mitochondrial parameters such as the mitochondrial membrane potential, the oxygen consumption rate, the activity and levels of respiratory chain complexes, and the levels of ATP, reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ show that the bioenergetic properties of mitochondria are different in sporadic ALS, familial ALS, and control groups. Comparative statistical analysis of the data set (with use of principal component analysis and support vector machine) identifies and distinguishes 3 separate groups despite the small number of investigated cell lines and high variability in measured parameters. These findings could be a first step in development of a new tool for predicting sporadic and familial forms of ALS and could contribute to knowledge of its pathophysiology.-Walczak, J., Dębska-Vielhaber, G., Vielhaber, S., Szymański, J., Charzyńska, A., Duszyński, J., Szczepanowska, J. Distinction of sporadic and familial forms of ALS based on mitochondrial characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Walczak
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; and
| | - Jędrzej Szymański
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Charzyńska
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Duszyński
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szczepanowska
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Mavrofrydi O, Mavroeidi P, Papazafiri P. Comparative assessment of HIF-1α and Akt responses in human lung and skin cells exposed to benzo[α]pyrene: Effect of conditioned medium from pre-exposed primary fibroblasts. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:1103-1112. [PMID: 25728052 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric pollutants has been accused for many adverse health effects. Benzo[α]pyrene (Β[α]Ρ) in particular, the most extensively studied member of pollutants, is implicated in both cancer initiation and promotion. In the present study, we compared the effects of noncytotoxic doses of Β[α]Ρ, between human skin and lung epithelial cells A431 and A549, respectively, focusing on Akt kinase and HIF-1α, as it is well known that these proteins are upregulated in various human cancers promoting survival, angiogenesis and metastasis of tumor cells. Also, taking into consideration that fibroblasts are involved in cancer progression, we tested the possible modulation of epithelial cell response by paracrine factors secreted by Β[α]Ρ-treated fibroblasts. Low doses of Β[α]Ρ were found to enhance epithelial cell proliferation and upregulate both Akt kinase and HIF-1α, with A549 cells exhibiting a more sustained profile of upregulation. It is to notice that, the response of HIF-1α was remarkably early, acting as a sensitive marker in response to airborne pollutants. Also, HIF-1α was induced by Β[α]Ρ in both lung and skin fibroblasts indicating that this effect may be conserved throughout different cell types and tissues. Interestingly however, the response of both proteins was differentially modified upon treatment with conditioned medium from Β[α]Ρ-exposed fibroblasts. This is particularly evident in A459 cells and confirms the critical role of intercellular and paracrine factors in the modulation of the final response to an extracellular signal. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1103-1112, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mavrofrydi
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Mavroeidi
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Papazafiri
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, Athens, Greece
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Franco-Barraza J, Beacham DA, Amatangelo MD, Cukierman E. Preparation of Extracellular Matrices Produced by Cultured and Primary Fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:10.9.1-10.9.34. [PMID: 27245425 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts secrete and organize extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support for their adhesion, migration, and tissue organization, besides regulating cellular functions such as growth and survival. Cell-to-matrix interactions are vital for vertebrate development. Disorders in these processes have been associated with fibrosis, developmental malformations, cancer, and other diseases. This unit describes a method for preparing a three-dimensional matrix derived from fibroblastic cells; the matrix is three-dimensional, cell and debris free, and attached to a two-dimensional culture surface. Cell adhesion and spreading are normal on these matrices. This matrix can also be compressed into a two-dimensional matrix and solubilized to study the matrix biochemically. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Etzold A, Galetzka D, Weis E, Bartsch O, Haaf T, Spix C, Itzel T, Schweiger S, Strand D, Strand S, Zechner U. CAF-like state in primary skin fibroblasts with constitutional BRCA1 epimutation sheds new light on tumor suppressor deficiency-related changes in healthy tissue. Epigenetics 2016; 11:120-31. [PMID: 26949839 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1140295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive epimutations of tumor suppressor genes are increasingly considered as cancer predisposing factors equally to sequence mutations. In light of the emerging role of the microenvironment for cancer predisposition, initiation, and progression, we aimed to characterize the consequences of a BRCA1 epimutation in cells of mesenchymal origin. We performed a comprehensive molecular and cellular comparison of primary dermal fibroblasts taken from a monozygous twin pair discordant for recurrent cancers and BRCA1 epimutation, whose exceptional clinical case we previously reported in this journal. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified differential expression of extracellular matrix-related genes and pro-tumorigenic growth factors, such as collagens and CXC chemokines. Moreover, genes known to be key markers of so called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), such as ACTA2, FAP, PDPN, and TNC, were upregulated in fibroblasts of the affected twin (BRCA1(mosMe)) in comparison to those of the healthy twin (BRCA1(wt)). Further analyses detected CAF-typical cellular features, including an elevated growth rate, enhanced migration, altered actin architecture and increased production of ketone bodies in BRCA1(mosMe) fibroblasts compared to BRCA1(wt) fibroblasts. In addition, conditioned medium of BRCA1(mosMe) fibroblasts was more potent than conditioned medium of BRCA1(wt) fibroblasts to promote cell proliferation in an epithelial and a cancer cell line. Our data demonstrate, that a CAF-like state is not an exclusive feature of tumor-associated tissue but also exists in healthy tissue with tumor suppressor deficiency. The naturally occurring phenomenon of twin fibroblasts differing in their BRCA1 methylation status revealed to be a unique powerful tool for exploring tumor suppressor deficiency-related changes in healthy tissue, reinforcing their significance for cancer predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Etzold
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Eva Weis
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Oliver Bartsch
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- b Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- c Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Timo Itzel
- c Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Susann Schweiger
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Dennis Strand
- d First Department of Internal Medicine , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Susanne Strand
- d First Department of Internal Medicine , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Ulrich Zechner
- a Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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Abstract
Prader-Willi (PW) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities and severe hypotonia, hyperphagia, behavioural and psychiatric problems. Absence of satiety leads to severe obesity and frequently to diabetes. Furthermore, adult patients suffer from a severe loss of muscle mass, which severely impacts their quality of life. The mechanisms underlying alterations in muscle growth in PW remain to be clarified. In this study we explored the hypothesis that, in PW cells, alterations of protein synthesis are determined by dysfunctions in the promotion of cell growth. In order to study the molecular changes leading to dysfunction in protein translation, primary fibroblasts derived from four PW patients and five control subjects were used to study the insulin-mediated signaling pathway implicated in the control of protein synthesis by immunoblotting. Here we present, for the first time, evidences that the protein translation response to insulin is impaired in PW fibroblasts. Insulin alone has a major upregulatory effect on protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3beta), while phosphorylation of p70S6K1 protein elongation factor controlled by mammalian target of rapamycin complex I (mTORC1) is reduced. In addition, we provide data that the response to insulin in PW cells can be restored by previous treatment with the amino acid L-Leucine (L-Leu). Our experiments in primary cell cultures demonstrate an impairment of insulin signaling that can be rescued by supplementation with the branched aminoacid L-Leu, indicating a possible therapeutic approach for alleviating muscle mass loss in PW patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Segat
- “Mauro Baschirotto” Institute for Rare Diseases - B.I.R.D., Vicenza. Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fortunati
- “Mauro Baschirotto” Institute for Rare Diseases - B.I.R.D., Vicenza. Italy
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Elisabetta Fortunati, “Mauro Baschirotto” Institute for Rare Diseases - B.I.R.D., 36023 Costozza di Longare, Vicenza. Italy. E-mail:
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