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Bismelah NA, Ahmad R, Mohamed Kassim ZH, Ismail NH, Rasol NE. The antibacterial effect of Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br. leaves extract against bacteria associated with peri-implantitis. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:556-566. [PMID: 36325238 PMCID: PMC9618393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The present study investigates Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br. as potential antibacterial oral rinse against bacteria associated with peri-implantitis to prevent the initial infection as well as disease progression. Experimental procedure Phytochemical screening was done on P. scutellarioides lyophilized extract to identify the presence of chemical constituent by using mass-based identification. The extract was screened for its antibacterial activity against 4 Gram-positive aerobes (early colonizer) and 5 Gram-negative facultative anaerobes as well as obligate anaerobes (late colonizer) using disc diffusion method. The extract was tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), its cytotoxicity effects on human gingival fibroblast cell (HnGF) as well as bacteria morphological changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results and conclusion Four flavonoid compounds were identified namely quercetin-3-glucoside, quercitrin, quercetin 3-(6″-acetylglucoside) and quercetin 3-O-acetyl-rhamnoside. The sensitivity test revealed that P. scutellarioides extract was effective against all the bacteria tested. MIC concentrations for the Gram-positive aerobes were in the range of 1.56–12.50 mg/mL, and the MBC concentrations were within 3.13–12.50 mg/mL. For Gram-negative obligate anaerobes, the MIC concentration were within 3.13–12.50 mg/mL and MBC within 6.25–200.00 mg/mL. The ethanolic extract did not have any cytotoxic effect on HnGF cells at the tested concentrations. SEM images showed bacterial cell wall disruption for all the bacteria tested. The results showed that P. scutellarioides extract exerts its antibacterial property by disrupting the cell wall of all the bacteria tested. Hence, P. scutellarioides may benefit from further investigations on its safety for oral use as an adjunctive treatment for peri-implantitis. The quercetin derivatives reported in this study were the first been identified for this plant species. The optimize method used for the mass-based identification can be reproducible and applied for the future isolation, identification and characterizations of the plant chemical compounds. The plant extract was effective against all the bacteria tested and note that, there were no studies have been carried out on the effects of this plant on oral bacteria especially the obligate anaerobes. The plant extract also was not toxic towards HnGF. The SEM image showed the plant extract have exert its antibacterial activity through cell wall destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Amiyah Bismelah
- Centre of Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sg. Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Ahmad
- Centre of Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sg. Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPromise), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author. Centre of Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sg. Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zethy Hanum Mohamed Kassim
- Centre of Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sg. Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRins) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 43600 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfazlina Edayah Rasol
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRins) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 43600 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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The Influence of Keratinized Mucosa on the Nonsurgical Therapeutic Treatment of Peri-Implantitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144118. [PMID: 35887880 PMCID: PMC9323539 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study aimed to evaluate the response to treatment in implants with peri-implantitis regarding the presence or absence of keratinized mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred implants with peri-implantitis were treated non-surgically at the Prosthodontics and Occlusion Teaching Unit of the University of Valencia. Records were registered at day zero (recession, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth, bone loss and plaque index), at 1, 3 and 6 months. RESULTS In both groups, a slight increase in recession and disappearance of suppuration took place, and no bone loss was observed during the following 6 months. However, after an initial reduction, probing depth, bleeding on probing and plaque index increased again in the group without keratinized mucosa (KM). CONCLUSIONS Implants with KM presented better results after non-surgical treatment as well as in their medium-term evolution, although it would be advisable to increase the number of samples in order to achieve greater scientific evidence and standardization in the treatment protocol. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The role of keratinized mucosa in the development of peri-implantitis has been mentioned in many publications, but less has been emphasized regarding its influence on the success of the treatment of this pathology. The presence of keratinized mucosa has been found to play a key role in the evolution of the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. The amount of keratinized mucosa should be considered in the treatment of peri-implantitis, as well as when planning connective tissue grafts accompanying the decontamination of implants in the absence of keratinized mucosa.
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Castro JPGD, Aguiar TRDS, Tristão GC, Alves GG, Pinheiro MPF, Quinelato V, Casado PL, Romanos GE. Peri-implant health after supportive mucositis therapy is associated with increased levels of FGF-2. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:55-66. [PMID: 34877978 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid throughout supportive mucositis therapy. Twenty-six participants with Branemark protocol prosthesis were divided into two groups: the control group, characterized by healthy peri-implants, and the mucositis group, presenting a diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis. All participants underwent clinical examination, radiographic analysis, prosthesis removal, and non-invasive peri-implant therapy (mechanical debridement associated with chlorhexidine 0.12%) during a period of 36 days divided into three intervals. Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples were collected at each interval in order to analyze FGF-2 levels by immuno-enzymatic assay. The control and mucositis groups showed difference in keratinized mucosa. The smaller the range of keratinized mucosa the higher susceptibility of peri-implant mucositis. Throughout the treatment intervals, participants were diagnosed in different groups indicating whether or not the non-invasive therapy was able to treat peri-implant mucositis. There was a significant difference of FGF-2 levels between groups, with the higher FGF-2 levels in the control group (p=0.01). After supportive therapy, the mucositis group showed significantly increased FGF-2 levels (p<0.01) compared to initial levels. After 36 days of supportive therapy, there was a reduction of peri-implant mucositis from 70% to 23%. Clinical and laboratory outcomes showed a clear correlation since FGF-2 levels increased after 36 days. It was concluded that the therapy protocol was effective and promoted a regenerative reaction and FGF-2 can be considered a future target for peri-implant mucositis understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Telma Regina da Silva Aguiar
- Department of Implant Dentistry Post-graduation, Fluminense Federal University - School of Dentistry - Niterói - RJ - Brazil
| | - Gilson Coutinho Tristão
- Department of Clinical dentistry, Fluminense Federal University - School of Dentistry- Niterói- RJ- Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Gomes Alves
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Fluminense Federal University - School of Biology - Niterói- RJ- Brazil
| | | | - Valquiria Quinelato
- Department of Implant Dentistry Post-graduation, Fluminense Federal University - School of Dentistry - Niterói - RJ - Brazil
| | - Priscila Ladeira Casado
- Department of Implant Dentistry Post-graduation, Fluminense Federal University - School of Dentistry - Niterói - RJ - Brazil
| | - George E Romanos
- Stony Brook University - School of Dental Medicine - United States
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Mehrabi A, Negahdari R, Parnia F, Garjani A. Effect of tetracycline on IL-1β and IL-6 levels of the peri-implant sulcular fluid. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2021; 13:56-60. [PMID: 35919677 PMCID: PMC9327473 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2021.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation in the implant-abutment interface is one of the main factors that can reduce implant stability. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of chlorhexidine, tetracycline, saliva, and a dry environment on the interleukin IL-1β and interleukin IL-6 levels of the gingival groove fluid at the implant-abutment interface. Methods Twenty-four (10 men and 14 women) patients referred to the Faculty of Dentistry for implant treatment, who met the inclusion criteria, were examined. Four different materials were used in each implant, including 2% chlorhexidine, 3% tetracycline, saliva, and a dry medium. Each test material was placed inside the implant screw during the anchorage session, and the healing screw was closed. Patients were then sampled in three implantation sessions and one month after prosthesis delivery. Interstitial fluid groove was used for sampling after cleaning the mouth (half an hour after three minutes of thorough brushing). The data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using ANOVA and relevant post hoc tests. Results There was a significant difference in the mean IL-6 and IL-1β levels between the four materials (P<0.05). IL-6β levels were similar in tetracycline and chlorhexidine but significantly higher than in saliva and the dry environment (P<0.05). IL-6 and IL-1β levels in the saliva were significantly higher than in the dry environment (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of tetracycline at the junction of implant and abutment reduces the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mehrabi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Negahdari
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Feridoun Parnia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Garjani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Secgin-Atar A, Aykol-Sahin G, Kocak-Oztug NA, Yalcin F, Gokbuget A, Baser U. Evaluation of Surface Change and Roughness in Implants Lost Due to Peri-Implantitis Using Erbium Laser and Various Methods: An In Vitro Study. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102602. [PMID: 34685043 PMCID: PMC8540706 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to obtain similar surface properties and elemental composition to virgin implants after debridement of contaminated titanium implant surfaces covered with debris. Erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser, erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, curette, and ultrasonic device were applied to contaminated implant surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken, the elemental profile of the surfaces was evaluated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the surface roughness was analyzed with profilometry. Twenty-eight failed implants and two virgin implants as control were included in the study. The groups were designed accordingly; titanium curette group, ultrasonic scaler with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tip, Er: YAG very short pulse laser group (100 μs, 120 mJ/pulse 10 Hz), Er: YAG short-pulse laser group (300 μs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er: YAG long-pulse laser group (600 μs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG1 laser group (1 W 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG2 laser group (1.5 W, 30 Hz). In each group, four failed implants were debrided for 120 s. When SEM images and EDX findings and profilometry results were evaluated together, Er: YAG long pulse and ultrasonic groups were found to be the most effective for debridement. Furthermore, the two interventions have shown the closest topography of the sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched implant surface (SLA) as seen on virgin implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Secgin-Atar
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.S.-A.); (N.A.K.-O.); (F.Y.)
| | - Gokce Aykol-Sahin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, 34959 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Necla Asli Kocak-Oztug
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.S.-A.); (N.A.K.-O.); (F.Y.)
| | - Funda Yalcin
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.S.-A.); (N.A.K.-O.); (F.Y.)
| | | | - Ulku Baser
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34452 Istanbul, Turkey; (A.S.-A.); (N.A.K.-O.); (F.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-5053568644
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Yoon SW, Kim MJ, Paeng KW, Yu KA, Lee CK, Song YW, Cha JK, Sanz M, Jung UW. Locally Applied Slow-Release of Minocycline Microspheres in the Treatment of Peri-Implant Mucositis: An Experimental In Vivo Study. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070668. [PMID: 32708741 PMCID: PMC7407908 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this is preclinical investigation was to evaluate the differential drug sustainability and pharmacodynamic properties of two local minocycline microsphere carriers: chitosan-coated alginate (CA) and poly(meth)acrylate-glycerin (PG). METHODS Four dental implants were placed unilaterally in the edentulous mandible of six beagle dogs. Each implant was randomly assigned to receive one of the following four treatments: (i) CA (CA-based minocycline), (ii) placebo (CA substrate without minocycline), (iii) PG (PG-based minocycline) and (iv) control (mechanical debridement only). After inducing peri-implant mucositis, the randomly assigned treatments were administered into the gingival sulcus twice at a 4-week interval using a plastic-tipped syringe. Drug sustainability and pharmacodynamic (clinical, radiographical and cell marker intensity) evaluations were performed after each administration. RESULTS The CA microspheres remained longer around the healing abutment compared to the PG microspheres at both administrations and a longer bacteriostatic effect was observed from CA (7.0 ± 5.7 days) compared to PG (1.2 ± 2.6 days). The efficacy of the applied therapies based on clinical, radiographical and histological analyses were comparable across all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS CA microspheres showed longer carrier and bacteriostatic effect sustainability when compared to PG microspheres, however, longer drug sustainability did not lead to improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Yoon
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03772, Korea; (S.-W.Y.); (M.-J.K.); (K.-W.P.); (Y.W.S.); (J.-K.C.)
| | - Myong-Ji Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03772, Korea; (S.-W.Y.); (M.-J.K.); (K.-W.P.); (Y.W.S.); (J.-K.C.)
| | - Kyeong-Won Paeng
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03772, Korea; (S.-W.Y.); (M.-J.K.); (K.-W.P.); (Y.W.S.); (J.-K.C.)
| | - Kyeong Ae Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28165, Korea; (K.A.Y.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28165, Korea; (K.A.Y.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Young Woo Song
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03772, Korea; (S.-W.Y.); (M.-J.K.); (K.-W.P.); (Y.W.S.); (J.-K.C.)
| | - Jae-Kook Cha
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03772, Korea; (S.-W.Y.); (M.-J.K.); (K.-W.P.); (Y.W.S.); (J.-K.C.)
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03772, Korea; (S.-W.Y.); (M.-J.K.); (K.-W.P.); (Y.W.S.); (J.-K.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3185
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Pulcini A, Bollaín J, Sanz-Sánchez I, Figuero E, Alonso B, Sanz M, Herrera D. Clinical effects of the adjunctive use of a 0.03% chlorhexidine and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse in the management of peri-implant diseases: A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:342-353. [PMID: 30779246 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of a 0.03% chlorhexidine and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse, as an adjunct to professionally and patient-administered mechanical plaque removal, in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM). MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients displaying PiM in, at least, one implant were included in this randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Subjects received professional prophylaxis (baseline and 6 months) and were instructed to regular oral hygiene practices and to rinse, twice daily, with the test or placebo mouth rinses, during one year. Clinical, radiographic and microbiological outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Disease resolution was defined as absence of bleeding on probing (BOP). Data were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA, Student's t and chi-square tests. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were included and 46 attended the final visit (22 in control and 24 in test group). In the test group, there was a 24.49% greater reduction in BOP at the buccal sites (95% confidence interval [3.65-45.34%]; p = 0.002) than in controls. About 58.3% of test implants and 50% controls showed healthy peri-implant tissues at final visit (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of the test mouth rinse demonstrated some adjunctive benefits in the treatment of PiM. Complete disease resolution could not be achieved in every case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pulcini
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bollaín
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Sanz-Sánchez
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bettina Alonso
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Birang E, Birang R, Narimani T, Tolouei A, Fekrazad R. Investigation of the antibacterial effect of laser irradiation and chemical agent on human oral biofilms contaminated titanium discs. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 25:259-264. [PMID: 30593857 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A main challenge in treatment of peri-implant disease is the effective decontamination of the implant surface. This challenge has always been a problem, associated with the treatment of these diseases with regard to the difficulty in removing and eliminating bacterial biofilm from the surface of dental implants, especially rough surfaces. The aim of this in-vivo study was to evaluate the effect of five different antimicrobial methods in reducing bacteria adhering to titanium surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present in-vivo study, the contaminated discs, except for the negative control group, randomly underwent one of five treatments: Erbium: Yattrium Aluminum Garnet (Er-YAG) laser, plastic curette, 0.12% chlorhexidine, aPDT, and 810 nm diode laser. A pectrophotometer was used to measure Optical Density (OD) in case of aerobic microorganisms. Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) were used for anaerobic bacteria. Then, all the analyses were carried out at a significance level of α = 0.05 through SPSS software. FINDINGS One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of aerobic bacteria showed a significant difference among 6 groups in terms of OD variations during a 0-24 h time interval (P < 0.001). The results of Kruskal-Wallis test were used to investigate the effect of study methods on anaerobic bacteria after 48 h, and the results showed a significant difference among 6 groups in terms of CFUs (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that all five mechanicals (plastic curette), chemical (CHX), laser (810 nm diode and Er: YAG), and aPDT methods could reduce oral biofilms from roughed surfaces of titanium discs. Er: YAG laser and plastic curette had the highest and the lowest effects respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Birang
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Birang
- Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Tahmineh Narimani
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical School, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Alaleh Tolouei
- Department of Pediatric, Dental Faculty - Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Sinjari B, D'Addazio G, Bozzi M, Celletti R, Traini T, Mavriqi L, Caputi S. Comparison of a Novel Ultrasonic Scaler Tip vs. Conventional Design on a Titanium Surface. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122345. [PMID: 30469472 PMCID: PMC6316870 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the alterations of a titanium surface after treatment with two different types of ultrasonic tips: conventional steel versus an innovative copper alloy silver-plated one. Twenty smooth-surface, grade IV unalloyed titanium discs were divided into two groups. The discs were ultrasonically instrumented and the scaler was connected with a loading machine. The surface morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fractal analysis of lacunarity was calculated to highlight the alteration of the surface using the two different tips. The SEM analysis showed different degrees of surface roughness between the two types of scaler tips. Moreover, these observations demonstrated that the new tip showed fewer irregularities on the disc’s surface than the conventional steel tip. The statistical and fractal analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Surface alterations of titanium induced by the conventional ultrasonic tips were much greater than those made by copper alloy silver plated tips. The presented results suggest that the use of this new ultrasonic tip may reduce the alterations on the implant surface during its use in dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Sinjari
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy.
| | - Gianmaria D'Addazio
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy.
| | - Martina Bozzi
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy.
| | - Renato Celletti
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy.
| | - Tonino Traini
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy.
| | - Luan Mavriqi
- Department of Periodontology, Albanian University, Str. Durres, 1001 Tirana, Albanian.
| | - Sergio Caputi
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti (CH), Italy.
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Schmidt KE, Auschill TM, Sculean A, Arweiler NB. Clinical evaluation of non-surgical cleaning modalities on titanium dental implants during maintenance care: a 1-year follow-up on prosthodontic superstructures. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1921-1930. [PMID: 30232627 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate tissue health around implants with newly attached superstructures over 12 months of preventive maintenance appointments and instrumentation when necessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a randomized, split-mouth study 32 implants (8 participants with 4 implants each) received followed-up care every 3 months after superstructure attachment. Implants and superstructures were randomly assigned to four treatment groups and treated if necessary: (1) titanium curettes (TC), (2) stainless steel ultrasonic tip (PS), (3) erythritol air-polishing powder (EP), or (4) rubber cup polishing (CON). Probing depths (PDs), bleeding on probing (BOP), modified gingival (mucosal) bleeding index (GBI) around implants, and full-mouth Plaque Control Record (PCR) were measured every 3 months. Clinical attachment levels (CALs) and height of keratinized mucosa (KM)/gingival margins (GMs) for implants/teeth and PD, BOP, and GBI for teeth were documented at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and periopathogens were measured at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS Participants exhibited minimal signs of periodontal inflammation with statistically significant PD improvement (3.0 ± 0.2 to 2.8 ± 0.3 mm; p = 0.022) and overall CAL (4.3 ± 0.8 to 4.0 ± 0.7 mm; p = 0.048) after 1 year. Implants showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between or within groups at baseline or 12 months for any parameter, except MMP-8 decreased significantly for PS (14.50 ± 17.58 to 4.63 ± 7.56 ng; p = 0.044), and after 12 months, PCR showed a significant difference between TC and PS (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Treatment was necessary as inflammation was observed around newly placed superstructures within the first year of maintenance care. All tested treatment modalities yielded comparable clinical improvements. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Early assessment and diagnosis of mucositis and regular maintenance can promote long-lasting implant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Emily Schmidt
- Department of Periodontology, Philipps-University Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mathias Auschill
- Department of Periodontology, Philipps-University Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Birgit Arweiler
- Department of Periodontology, Philipps-University Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
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Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the effects of different treatment modalities on titanium healing caps: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:2149-2160. [PMID: 29280076 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of treatment modalities on titanium surface characteristics and surrounding tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen participants each had four titanium healing caps (HC) attached to four newly inserted implants. After healing, each HC was randomly assigned to either (1) titanium curettes (TC), (2) stainless steel ultrasonic tip (PS), (3) erythritol air-polishing powder (EP), or (4) only rubber cup polishing (CON). Probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8), and periopathogens were recorded before and 3 months following instrumentation. After final assessments, HCs were removed, cleaned, and subjected to (a) bacterial colonization (Streptococcus gordonii, 24 h; mixed culture, 24 h) and (b) gingival fibroblasts (5 days). HC surfaces were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS No significant differences between the groups were evident before or after instrumentation for PD and BOP (except TC showed a significant decrease in PD; p = 0.049). MMP-8 levels and bacterial loads were always very low. MMP-8 decreased further after instrumentation, while bacteria levels showed no change. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were evident in bacterial colonization or fibroblast attachment. A comparison of the overall mean SEM surface roughness scores showed a significant difference between all groups (p < 0.0001) with the lowest roughness after EP. CONCLUSIONS All treatments performed yielded comparable outcomes and may be implemented safely. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians may fear implant surface damage, but all instrumentation types are safe and non-damaging. They can be implemented as needed upon considering the presence of staining and soft and hard deposits.
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Goh EXJ, Lim LP. Implant maintenance for the prevention of biological complications: Are you ready for the next challenge? JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE AND CLINICAL DENTISTRY 2017; 8. [PMID: 27987273 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With increasing knowledge of wound biology and material sciences, the provision of dental implants as a treatment modality has become increasingly predictable and more commonly used to replace missing teeth. However, without appropriate follow up, peri-implant diseases could develop and affect the long-term success of implants. Currently, there is not enough focus on the prevention of peri-implant diseases, as compared to the definition of the disease, its prevalence, and treatment. In the present study, we aim to summarize various factors influencing the successful maintenance of dental implants and highlight current gaps in knowledge. Factors influencing the successful maintenance of dental implants can be divided into three categories: implant-, dentist-, and patient-related factors. Patients with dental implants are often more dentally aware, and this offers an advantage. Compared to gingiva, peri-implant mucosa responds at a different pace to the bacterial challenge. Dental practitioners should be aware of how treatment protocols affect long-term success, and be vigilant in detecting peri-implant diseases at an early stage. Compared to periodontal maintenance, less longitudinal studies on implant maintenance are available, and therefore, there is a tendency to rely heavily on information extrapolated from the periodontal literature. More studies on the significance of implant maintenance care are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin X J Goh
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lum Peng Lim
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Al Ghazal L, O’Sullivan J, Claffey N, Polyzois I. Comparison of two different techniques used for the maintenance of peri-implant soft tissue health: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:542-549. [PMID: 28715944 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1352101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to compare the effectiveness of two different methods of debridement on maintaining and improving peri-implant soft tissue health over a period of 12 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty adult patients (25 implants) were enrolled in a randomized, single-blinded, parallel group clinical trial. All implants included showed no signs of pathologic bone loss. Patients were scheduled to be reviewed every 3 months over a 12 months period. Nine patients (15 implants) were randomly allocated to a test group and treated with a low abrasive air polishing powder (Air-Flow® Perio, EMS) (AFP) and another nine (10 implants) to a control group and treated with titanium curettes (TC). Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples were analyzed to quantitatively measure the concentration of six interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF, IL-10 and IL-12). A multilevel analysis was used to test the comparison between the two treatments. The same analysis was used to study the relationship between clinical parameters and cytokines while controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS There was no significant difference in bleeding on probing (BOP) between the two treatment methods (p = .35). Both debridement techniques resulted in a similar reduction of BOP (40.04% and 39.93%). IL-6 was the only cytokine of the six investigated that demonstrated a correlation with a clinical parameter (BOP) (p = .05). CONCLUSIONS Both treatment methods were proven to be effective in reducing peri-implant inflammation and preventing further disease progression. Some cytokines may act as markers for peri-implant disease as the present study showed a significant relationship between IL-6 and BOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logien Al Ghazal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffery O’Sullivan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel Claffey
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Polyzois
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Matys J, Botzenhart U, Gedrange T, Dominiak M. Thermodynamic effects after Diode and Er:YAG laser irradiation of grade IV and V titanium implants placed in bone - an ex vivo study. Preliminary report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 61:499-507. [PMID: 26985682 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2015-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many inserted implants are affected by peri-implantitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate increases in implant temperature, depending on the diameter and chemical composition of implants. In particular we measured the time it takes for the temperature of an implant to rise by 10°C and evaluated laser power settings required to prevent thermal injury when an implant surface is decontaminated during the treatment of peri-implantitis. The study analysed six implants placed in porcine ribs and divided into two groups according to their diameter and chemical composition (grade IV and grade V titanium). The implants were irradiated with Diode and Er:YAG lasers using different laser parameters. The temperature was measured with a K-type thermocouple. The temperature on the implant surface rose as the laser power increased and the implant diameter decreased. The time required to increase the temperature of an implant by 10°C was less than it was for titanium grade IV. The temperature gradient was below 10°C for all implants treated using a laser power up to 1 W. It is important to choose the correct laser parameters, depending on the chemical composition and diameter of the implant, so that decontamination of the implant surface is thorough, effective and safe.
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Abduljabbar T, Javed F, Kellesarian SV, Vohra F, Romanos GE. Effect of Nd:YAG laser-assisted non-surgical mechanical debridement on clinical and radiographic peri-implant inflammatory parameters in patients with peri-implant disease. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:16-19. [PMID: 28135574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The efficacy of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser-assisted non-surgical mechanical debridement (MD) in the treatment of periimplant diseases remains uninvestigated. The aim was to assess the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser-assisted non-surgical MD on clinical and radiographic periimplant inflammatory parameters in patients with periimplant disease. METHODS Treatment wise, 63 male patients with periimplant diseases were divided into 2 groups: Group-1 (32 patients): treatment of periimplant disease using MD alone (control group); and Group-2 (n=31 patients): treatment of periimplant disease using MD with a single application of Nd:YAG laser. Peri-implant inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP] and probing depth [PD]) were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6months' follow-up. Periimplant crestal bone loss (CBL) was measured at baseline and at 6months' follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskall-Wallis and Bonferroni Post hoc tests. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In both groups, mean age of patients and baseline scores of periimplant PI, BOP and PD were comparable. At 3-month follow-up, scores of periimplant PI, BOP and PD were higher among patients in Group-1 compared with Group-2. At 6-month follow-up, scores of periimplant PI, BOP and PD were comparable among patients in groups 1 and 2. There was no statistically significant difference in periimplant CBL in both groups at all time intervals. CONCLUSION Nd:YAG laser-assisted non-surgical MD is more effective in reducing periimplant soft tissue inflammatory parameters than MD alone in short-term but not in long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Varela Kellesarian
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Dental School, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Schwarz F, Sculean A, Engebretson SP, Becker J, Sager M. Animal models for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:168-81. [PMID: 25867986 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of infectious diseases affecting osseointegrated implants in function has become a demanding issue in implant dentistry. Since the early 1990s, preclinical data from animal studies have provided important insights into the etiology, pathogenesis and therapy of peri-implant diseases. Established lesions in animals have shown many features in common with those found in human biopsy material. The current review focuses on animal studies, employing different models to induce peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the most effective treatment for periimplant mucositis in patients with dental implants compared with a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed (MEDLINE) literature search was made of articles published up until October 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were stratified according to their level of quality using the Jadad scale and levels of evidence (University of Oxford). RESULTS The combinations of search terms resulted in a list of 371 titles. Of these, 114 references were finally reviewed. Finally, 7 RCTs fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were thus selected for inclusion in the systematic review. Chlorhexidine, the administration of azithromycin, and glycine powder air polishing are not effective for the treatment of periimplant mucositis. The only effective treatment seems to be the use of toothpaste with 0.3% triclosan. CONCLUSION Definitions of periimplant mucositis vary in the literature, and no clear criteria have been established regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. It highlights our lack of uniform treatment and need to establish additional research to fully provide effective treatments for this common condition. More, larger, and longer-term RCTs are needed in this periimplant disease.
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Menezes KM, Fernandes-Costa AN, Silva-Neto RD, Calderon PS, Gurgel BC. Efficacy of 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate for Non-Surgical Treatment of Peri-Implant Mucositis. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1305-1313. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Lupi SM, Granati M, Butera A, Collesano V, Rodriguez Y Baena R. Air-abrasive debridement with glycine powder versus manual debridement and chlorhexidine administration for the maintenance of peri-implant health status: a six-month randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 15:287-294. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- SM Lupi
- Section of Dentistry; Department of Clinico Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - M Granati
- Section of Dentistry; Department of Clinico Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - A Butera
- Section of Dentistry; Department of Clinico Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - V Collesano
- Section of Dentistry; Department of Clinico Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - R Rodriguez Y Baena
- Section of Dentistry; Department of Clinico Surgical; Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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Effect of chlorhexidine in preventing plaque biofilm on healing abutment: a crossover controlled study. IMPLANT DENT 2015; 23:64-8. [PMID: 24368588 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed at evaluating the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) in preventing plaque biofilm (PB) formation on healing abutments (HAs) in patients rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty HAs were placed in 34 voluntary patients 1 week after implant surgery (test group). After 7 days, a new set of 50 HAs was placed in the same implant sites and removed 1 week after (control group). During the 2 testing periods, patients were instructed to apply: CHX mouth rinsing twice daily and no brushing (test); no CHX mouth rinsing and no brushing (control). Scanning electron microscopy and image analysis were blindly used to objectively quantify PB amount on removed HAs. RESULTS Median values and interquartile ranges of the percent ratio of titanium surface covered from PB were 0.9 (0.1-4.1) and 1.2 (0.1-11.6) for test and control groups, respectively (P = 0.0275). CONCLUSIONS CHX mouth rinsing significantly limited plaque formation on HAs, being a valid contribution to mechanical brushing in early phases of plaque control on dental implants.
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Rusu D, Stratul SI, Sarbu C, Roman A, Anghel A, Didilescu A, Jentsch H. Evaluation of a hydrophobic gel adhering to the gingiva in comparison with a standard water-soluble 1% chlorhexidine gel after scaling and root planing in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis. A randomized clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 15:53-64. [PMID: 26053503 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical, microbiological and enzymatic activity of a hydrophobic chlorhexidine-based gingiva-adhering gel containing herbal ingredients, compared with a commercially available 1% chlorhexidine water-soluble gel, during non-surgical therapy of moderate chronic periodontitis. METHODS A total of 34 subjects participated in this 6-month blinded randomized parallel controlled trial (ISRCTN35210084). After scaling and root planing (SRP), test group received the gel, by rubbing on the gingiva, once every second day, for 14 days. The control group received the control gel twice daily. Clinical parameters considered were the approximal plaque index, simplified oral hygiene index, modified gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level (primary outcome), assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months, together with the frequency of detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola (T.d.), Tannerella forsythia (T.f.), and activity of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase (secondary outcomes). RESULTS At 3 and 6 months, all clinical parameters improved significantly, without significant intergroup differences, except OHI-S, which improved at 3 months (P < 0.05). Microbiological data resulted in no significant intergroup differences at baseline and 6 months. At 3 months, significant differences for P.g., T.f. and T.d. were noted. A significant reduction of neutrophil elastase after 3 and 6 months was observed (P < 0.005), without significant intergroup differences. For myeloperoxidase, significant reductions were noted in both groups (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05), but no significant intergroup differences. The tested product seemed to have an increased efficacy, due to longer persistence on the gingiva, with reduced application frequency. CONCLUSIONS Both products had a relatively similar influence on the clinical, microbiological and enzymatic outcomes at 3 and 6 months after SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rusu
- Department of Periodontology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - S-I Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - C Sarbu
- Department of Periodontology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - A Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - A Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - H Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Romanos GE, Javed F, Delgado-Ruiz RA, Calvo-Guirado JL. Peri-implant diseases: a review of treatment interventions. Dent Clin North Am 2014; 59:157-78. [PMID: 25434564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ideal management of peri-implant diseases focuses on infection control, detoxification of implant surfaces, regeneration of lost tissues, and plaque-control regimens via mechanical debridement (with or without raising a surgical flap). However, a variety of other therapeutic modalities also have been proposed for the management of peri-implantitis. These treatment strategies encompass use of antiseptics and/or antibiotics, laser therapy, guided bone regeneration, and photodynamic therapy. The aim of this article was to review indexed literature with reference to the various therapeutic interventions proposed for the management of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 106 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA.
| | - Fawad Javed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Derriyah, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Arcesio Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 1103 Westchester Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8712, USA
| | - José Luis Calvo-Guirado
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, 2° Planta Clínica Odontológica Calle Marques de los Velez S/n, Murcia 30007, Spain
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Pedrazzi V, Escobar EC, Cortelli JR, Haas AN, Andrade AKPD, Pannuti CM, Almeida ERD, Costa FO, Cortelli SC, Rode SDM. Antimicrobial mouthrinse use as an adjunct method in peri-implant biofilm control. Braz Oral Res 2014; 28 Spec No:S1806-83242014000200301. [PMID: 25003787 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2014.vol28.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Great possibilities for oral rehabilitation emerged as a result of scientific consolidation, as well as a large number of dental implant applications. Along with implants appeared diseases such as mucositis and peri-implantitis, requiring management through several strategies applied at different stages. Biofilm accumulation is associated with clinical signs manifest by both tooth and implant inflammation. With this in mind, regular and complete biofilm elimination becomes essential for disease prevention and host protection. Chemical control of biofilms, as an adjuvant to mechanical oral hygiene, is fully justified by its simplicity and efficacy proven by studies based on clinical evidence. The purpose of this review was to present a consensus regarding the importance of antimicrobial mouthrinse use as an auxiliary method in chemical peri-implant biofilm control. The active ingredients of the several available mouthrinses include bis-biguanide, essential oils, phenols, quaternary ammonium compounds, oxygenating compounds, chlorine derivatives, plant extracts, fluorides, antibiotics and antimicrobial agent combinations. It was concluded that there is strong clinical evidence that at least two mouthrinses have scientifically proven efficacy against different oral biofilms, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate and essential oils; however, 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate presents a number of unwanted side effects and should be prescribed with caution. Chemical agents seem beneficial in controlling peri-implant inflammation, although they require further investigation. We recommend a scientifically proven antiseptic, with significant short and long term efficacy and with no unwanted side effects, for the prevention and/or treatment of peri-implant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Pedrazzi
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Escobar
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Cortelli
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex Nogueira Haas
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Mendes Pannuti
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliete Rodrigues de Almeida
- Epidemiology and Pediatric Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Oliveira Costa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sheila Cavalca Cortelli
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
| | - Sigmar de Mello Rode
- Dental Materials and Prosthesis Department, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Valderrama P, Blansett JA, Gonzalez MG, Cantu MG, Wilson TG. Detoxification of Implant Surfaces Affected by Peri-Implant Disease: An Overview of Non-surgical Methods. Open Dent J 2014; 8:77-84. [PMID: 24894571 PMCID: PMC4040927 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this review is to summarize the findings of studies that have evaluated non-surgical approaches for detoxification of implant body surfaces in vitro and in vivo, and to evaluate clinical trials on the use of these methodologies for treating peri-implant disease. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (Pubmed) from 1966 to 2013. In vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials on non-surgical therapy were evaluated. The outcome variables were the ability of the therapeutic method to eliminate the biofilm and endotoxins from the implant surface, the changes in clinical parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment levels, bleeding on probing; radiographic bone fill and histological re-osseointegration. Results: From 134 articles found 35 were analyzed. The findings, advantages and disadvantages of using lasers as well as mechanical and chemical methods are discussed. Most of the in vivo and human studies used combination therapies which makes determining the efficacy of one specific method difficult. Most human studies are case series with short term longitudinal analysis without survival or failure reports. Conclusion: Complete elimination of the biofilms is difficult to achieve using these approaches. All therapies induce changes of the chemical and physical properties of the implant surface. Re-osseointegration may be difficult to achieve if not impossible without surgical access to ensure thorough debridement of the defect and detoxification of the implant surface. Combination protocols for non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis in humans have shown some positive clinical results but long-term evaluation to evaluate the validity and reliability of the techniques is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Valderrama
- Department of Periodontics, Texas A & M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas Texas 75246
| | - Jonathan A Blansett
- Department of Periodontics, Texas A & M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas Texas 75246
| | - Mayra G Gonzalez
- Universidad de Panama, Facultad De, Odontologia Estafeta Universitaria Apartado 3366, Panama City, Panama, 3366
| | - Myrna G Cantu
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeno Street, Mitras Centro Monterrey, Mexico 64460
| | - Thomas G Wilson
- Private Practice of Periodontics, 5465 Blair Rd, Ste 200, Dallas Texas 75231
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Park JB, Koh M, Jang YJ, Choi BK, Kim KK, Ko Y. Removing bacteria from rough surface titanium discs with chlorhexidine and additional brushing with dentifrice. Gerodontology 2014; 33:28-35. [PMID: 24417576 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study was conducted: (i) to evaluate the effect of using cotton pellets soaked with chlorhexidine (CHX) on titanium surface roughness; (ii) to assess the removal of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) from resorbable blast material (RBM) titanium surfaces using CHX pellets; and (iii) to evaluate the effects of additional brushing on bacterial removal efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS RBM titanium discs were treated with CHX-soaked cotton pellets, and change in surface roughness was measured using confocal microscopy. After the titanium discs were incubated with P. gingivalis for 2 days, the discs were cleaned with CHX pellets for 40 s. The quantity of remaining adherent bacteria was measured using crystal violet assay. Additional brushing was performed with dentifrice for a total of 40 s, and bacterial removal efficiency with brushing and dentifrice was evaluated using crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The changes in surface roughness after treatment were observed by confocal microscopy. Statistically significant decrease in surface roughness was seen in CHX 40-s group (p < 0.05). Cleaning with CHX-soaked pellets resulted in significant decrease in remaining adherent bacteria. Brushing the bacteria-incubated discs with dentifrice reduced adhering bacteria. There were fewer bacteria left on the CHX-pre-treated discs compared with the brushing-only group, but there were no significant differences when compared with the brushing-only group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study clearly showed that burnishing with CHX influenced the RBM titanium surface, and burnishing with CHX pellets and brushing with dentifrice were efficient in removing bacteria from the contaminated titanium surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minchul Koh
- Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Ji Jang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kack-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Armas J, Culshaw S, Savarrio L. Treatment of peri-implant diseases: a review of the literature and protocol proposal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:472-4, 476-8, 480. [PMID: 23971346 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2013.40.6.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Over 100,000 implants were placed in the UK in 2010. As the numbers of patients with implant-retained prostheses increases, operators are encountering an increasing number of biological implant complications, most commonly peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. The effective management of these complications is crucial to maintain patients' oral health. In particular, in contrast to common periodontal infections, some peri-implant infections may benefit from surgical intervention as a first line approach. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This article reviews the literature on the treatment options for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis and proposes a protocol for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshé Armas
- Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK
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Ji YJ, Tang ZH, Wang R, Cao J, Cao CF, Jin LJ. Effect of glycine powder air-polishing as an adjunct in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a pilot clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:683-9. [PMID: 23432642 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Ji
- The Second Dental Center; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Zhi-Hui Tang
- The Second Dental Center; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Ren Wang
- The Second Dental Center; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Jie Cao
- The Second Dental Center; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Cai-Fang Cao
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Li-Jian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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De Siena F, Francetti L, Corbella S, Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M. Topical application of 1% chlorhexidine gel versus 0.2% mouthwash in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. An observational study. Int J Dent Hyg 2012; 11:41-7. [PMID: 22998456 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the use of two chlorhexidine-based antimicrobial agents as an adjunct to mechanical therapy for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with peri-implant mucositis were included in the study and randomized in two groups. In addition to mechanical therapy, group A was treated with chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash, while group B was treated with chlorhexidine 1% gel. Probing depth, plaque index and bleeding index were recorded at each scheduled follow-up visit: ten days, 1 month and 3 months after giving the patients the assigned formulation. Patients had to fill in a questionnaire investigating their satisfaction and ease of use of the product. RESULTS A total of 23 patients (13 in group A and 10 in group B) attended all the follow-up visits. Chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash and chlorhexidine 1% gel were equally useful in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis leading to the reduction in inflammatory parameters. Probing depth decreased over time in both groups. Patients showed preference for gel formulation even if they found it more difficult to use. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive treatment with different chlorhexidine formulations was beneficial to the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. Besides, no differences could be found between 0.2% mouthwash and 1% gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Siena
- Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Research Centre in Oral Health, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Taniguchi Y, Aoki A, Mizutani K, Takeuchi Y, Ichinose S, Takasaki AA, Schwarz F, Izumi Y. Optimal Er:YAG laser irradiation parameters for debridement of microstructured fixture surfaces of titanium dental implants. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:1057-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schwarz F, Iglhaut G, Becker J. Quality assessment of reporting of animal studies on pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. A systematic review using the ARRIVE guidelines. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39 Suppl 12:63-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schwarz
- Department of Oral Surgery; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Oral Surgery; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf; Germany
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Vignoletti F, Abrahamsson I. Quality of reporting of experimental research in implant dentistry. Critical aspects in design, outcome assessment and model validation. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39 Suppl 12:6-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vignoletti
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Odontology; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Ingemar Abrahamsson
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
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Heitz-Mayfield LJA, Salvi GE, Botticelli D, Mombelli A, Faddy M, Lang NP. Anti-infective treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22:237-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thöne-Mühling M, Swierkot K, Nonnenmacher C, Mutters R, Flores-de-Jacoby L, Mengel R. Comparison of two full-mouth approaches in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a pilot study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21:504-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Struillou X, Boutigny H, Soueidan A, Layrolle P. Experimental animal models in periodontology: a review. Open Dent J 2010; 4:37-47. [PMID: 20556202 PMCID: PMC2885595 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601004010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In periodontal research, animal studies are complementary to in vitro experiments prior to testing new treatments. Animal models should make possible the validation of hypotheses and prove the safety and efficacy of new regenerating approaches using biomaterials, growth factors or stem cells. A review of the literature was carried out by using electronic databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Science). Numerous animal models in different species such as rats, hamsters, rabbits, ferrets, canines and primates have been used for modeling human periodontal diseases and treatments. However, both the anatomy and physiopathology of animals are different from those of humans, making difficult the evaluation of new therapies. Experimental models have been developed in order to reproduce major periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis), their pathogenesis and to investigate new surgical techniques. The aim of this review is to define the most pertinent animal models for periodontal research depending on the hypothesis and expected results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Struillou
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France
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Gosau M, Hahnel S, Schwarz F, Gerlach T, Reichert TE, Bürgers R. Effect of six different peri-implantitis disinfection methods onin vivohuman oral biofilm. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21:866-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Faggion CM, Chambrone L, Gondim V, Schmitter M, Tu YK. Comparison of the effects of treatment of peri-implant infection in animal and human studies: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 21:137-47. [PMID: 19912272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this systematic review is to compare the effects of treatment of peri-implant infection between animal and human studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search was conducted using the Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases up to and including May 2008. In addition, bibliographies of systematic reviews on peri-implant diseases were searched manually. Non-surgical and surgical treatments of peri-implantitis/mucositis in animal models or human studies were compared. Meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the difference between the reported treatment effects in animal and human studies. Changes in probing pocket depth (PPD) and probing attachment level (PAL) from baseline measurements were used as measures of outcome. Single-level and multilevel meta-regression analysis was performed by taking into account the different follow-up times of the studies included. RESULTS The single-level and multilevel random-effects meta-analysis showed that the difference in PPD reduction [0.31 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.27, 0.88] and in PAL gain (0.21 mm, 95% CI: -0.47, 0.88) between animal and human studies was not statistically significant. The random-effects meta-regression suggested that studies with longer follow-up times revealed greater PPD reduction (0.25 mm per month, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.35). However, when the different follow-up times were taken into account, these differences became greater. Substantial heterogeneity between studies was found in the meta-analyses (I(2)=97.6% for animal studies and 99.9% for human studies). CONCLUSION There was great heterogeneity between human and animal studies in terms of study designs and treatment procedures. Therefore, the results from this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution. Heterogeneity between studies and its causes merit further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Mariano Faggion
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Renvert S, Roos-Jansåker AM, Claffey N. Non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: a literature review. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 35:305-15. [PMID: 18724858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the literature on non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search of PubMed and The Cochrane Library of the Cochrane Collaboration (CENTRAL) as well as a hand search of articles were conducted. Publications and articles accepted for publication up to November 2007 were included. RESULTS Out of 437 studies retrieved a total of 24 studies were selected for the review. Thus the available evidence for non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis is scarce. CONCLUSIONS It was observed that mechanical non-surgical therapy could be effective in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis lesions. Furthermore, the adjunctive use of antimicrobial mouth rinses enhanced the outcome of mechanical therapy of such mucositis lesions. In peri-implantitis lesions non-surgical therapy was not found to be effective. Adjunctive chlorhexidine application had only limited effects on clinical and microbiological parameters. However, adjunctive local or systemic antibiotics were shown to reduce bleeding on probing and probing depths. Minor beneficial effects of laser therapy on peri-implantitis have been shown; this approach needs to be further evaluated. There is a need for randomized-controlled studies evaluating treatment models of non-surgical therapy of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Renvert
- Department of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
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Barbour ME, O'Sullivan DJ, Jagger DC. Chlorhexidine adsorption to anatase and rutile titanium dioxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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