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Tirore LL, Areba AS, Tamrat H, Habte A, Abame DE. Determinants of severity levels of anemia among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: multilevel analysis. Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 5:1367426. [PMID: 38655396 PMCID: PMC11035794 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1367426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia is a severe public health problem affecting 54% of pregnant women in SSA Yet, only a limited number of studies have provided a partial assessment of the pooled prevalence and related determinants of the severity levels of anemia in pregnant women in SSA. Therefore, this study provides the most recent estimates of anemia severity levels and related determinants. Methods The most recent Demographic Health Survey (DHS) dataset of 21 Sub-Saharan African countries which were collected between 2015 and 2022 were used. A total of 14,098 pregnant women were included. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression was used. Results The pooled prevalence of anemia was 51.26%. Pregnant women who were in the old age groups, and who have attended secondary and higher education were less likely to be at higher levels of anemia. Those women who have given birth to >1 children in the last 5 years, pregnant women in second and third trimester and living in poorest households had greater odds of being at higher levels of anemia. Conclusion In Sub-Saharan Africa, anemia is a severe public health concern for pregnant mothers. When developing and implementing strategies for the prevention and control of anemia, it is imperative to take into account the individual and community circumstances. Programs for the prevention and control of anemia should incorporate the economic and educational empowerment of women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Habtamu Tamrat
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Habte
- Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
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Kim W, Chang K, Lee SY, Ju YJ. Area-level deprivation and handwashing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multilevel analysis on a nationwide survey in Korea. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:2088-2103. [PMID: 37204032 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2212600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between area deprivation level and performance of handwashing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korean adults. This study used data from the 2015 Population and Housing Census data to measure area deprivation level. The 2020 Korea Community Health Survey was used for all other variables, including hand hygiene behavior (August through November 2020). The association between area deprivation level and practice of handwashing behavior was examined using multilevel logistic regression analysis. The study population comprised 215,676 adults aged 19 years or above. Compared to the least area deprived group, the most deprived group was more likely to not wash hands after using the restroom (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.82), after coming home (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.43-2.39), and using soap (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.29-1.84). The findings suggest the importance of considering area deprivation in implementing policies that promote handwashing, particularly during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woorim Kim
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyujin Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Ju
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
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Buhrs S, van Amelsvoort T, Strik J, Prudon S, Lousberg R. The Bivalent Shape Task in a Dutch primary school population: A pilot study for a first psychometric assessment. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2024; 13:126-136. [PMID: 36345054 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2140049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Bivalent Shape Task (BST) tests the ability to suppress interfering information. The purpose of this study was to assess some psychometric properties of the BST in 5-11-year-old children, using multilevel analysis. METHODS The present study was initiated in a Dutch primary school in October 2019. The BST was administered as part of a larger neuropsychological assessment. The outbreak of Covid-19 and the subsequential lockdown in the Netherlands led to a premature termination of the study in March 2020. Data of 38 children were available. This dataset was analyzed and labeled as pilot. RESULTS Significant main effects of age, time components, levels, correct answer, and several interactions were found on the reaction time in the predicted direction. Random effects could also be modeled. A final statistical combination model is described. CONCLUSION Despite the small study sample, it seems to be justified to conclude that the BST is a potentially valuable instrument to test interference suppression in 5-11-year-old children. In the analysis of the BST, multilevel analysis has proven to be very rewarding. Since the present study only examined a small part of reliability and validity aspects, further psychometric research is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Buhrs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Strik
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Prudon
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Richel Lousberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Poveda-Brotons R, Izquierdo A, Perez-Soto N, Pozo-Rico T, Castejón JL, Gilar-Corbi R. Building paths to success: a multilevel analysis of the effects of an emotional intelligence development program on the academic achievement of future teachers. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1377176. [PMID: 38524292 PMCID: PMC10957637 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1377176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The situation generated by the recent pandemic has had several effects on education, one of them being the necessary but hasty efforts of teachers and students to adapt to the demands of a virtual classroom environment. Thus, it is essential to promote the development of digital competencies in future teachers, enabling them to create effective learning situations in the digital medium. Moreover, the European university curriculum includes a set of specific competencies (specific to each degree) and a series of generic competencies, many of which are related to emotional intelligence. Our work emerges from these specific premises and the more general need to develop emotional skills and learning abilities in virtual environments for future educators. Methods The sample comprised 240 students in higher education, pursuing a bachelor's degree in education at the University of Alicante, Spain (68.3% were female and average age of the participants was 19.43 years SD = 4.127). Using a quasi-experimental design with pretests, posttests, and a control group, we present the effects of an online program aimed at improving the emotional skills and academic achievement of future teachers in higher education. In this study, a 30-h emotional intelligence training program was implemented. Since the student sample was grouped into different classes, we analyzed, using a generalized linear mixed-effects model, whether students who took the program showed a significant improvement in their academic achievement at the end of their studies, compared to those who did not take it. Results The findings show a significant improvement in the academic achievement at the end of the bachelor's degree studies of the students in the experimental group. Discussion These results open up a field of possibilities for the implementation of this type of training using virtual environments, enabling interventions to enhance the emotional development of the teaching staff (and, subsequently, in their students), develop their teaching careers adequately, and employ the ideal strategies to address educational programs. Looking ahead, the integration of emotional development programs that incorporate emerging technology into university curricula could enhance the preparation of educators profoundly and create adaptable learning environments for contemporary students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raquel Gilar-Corbi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Mizutani K, Minami I, Mikami R, Kido D, Takeda K, Nakagawa K, Takemura S, Saito N, Kominato H, Sakaniwa E, Konuma K, Izumi Y, Ogawa Y, Iwata T. Improvement of periodontal parameters following intensive diabetes care and supragingival dental prophylaxis in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38449337 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes care on periodontal inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective cohort study included 51 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent intensive diabetes care including educational hospitalization and regular outpatient treatment for 6 months. Dental prophylaxis without subgingival scaling was provided three times during the observational period. Associations between changes in periodontal parameters and glycaemic control levels were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Overall, 33 participants (mean age: 58.7 ± 12.9) were followed up for 6 months. At baseline examination, 82% were diagnosed with Stage III or IV periodontitis. Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level changed from 9.6 ± 1.8% at baseline to 7.4 ± 1.3% at 6 months. The ratio of probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm, bleeding on probing (BOP), full-mouth plaque control record (PCR), periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) also significantly improved. The reduction in PPD and PESA was significantly associated with changes in both HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, and the reduction in PISA was significantly associated with an improvement in FPG after adjusting for smoking, change in body mass index and full-mouth PCR. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report a significant improvement in PPD and BOP after intensive diabetes care and dental prophylaxis without subgingival scaling. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000040218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Minami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Risako Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kido
- Department of General Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Nakagawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Takemura
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kominato
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakaniwa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniha Konuma
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Care Periodontics Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Weng F, Liu X. Exploring second language students' language assessment literacy: impact on test anxiety and motivation. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1289126. [PMID: 38425556 PMCID: PMC10903546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1289126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This research aims to investigate the impact of students' language assessment literacy (LAL) on their cognition. The study specifically examines how different levels of LAL influence two critical factors: test anxiety and motivation to learn a second language. Methods To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 415 university students in China. The questionnaire utilized a five-point Likert scale to assess students' levels of LAL, test anxiety, and motivation to learn a second language. Descriptive data were examined to reveal students' proficiency in LAL, along with their levels of test anxiety and motivation. Multilevel regression analyses were performed using Mplus to investigate whether students' LAL proficiency can predict their levels of test anxiety and motivation. Results The findings indicated that the participating students had a proficiency level of approximately 60% in the content of the LAL questionnaire. The analysis further revealed the relationships between specific dimensions of LAL and both test anxiety and second language motivation. The multilevel regression analysis suggested that theoretical knowledge about language and language learning, the understanding of the impact and social value of language assessments, and the uses of assessments to enhance learning, positively predicted students' extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, students' understanding of the uses of assessments to learn and their theoretical knowledge about language learning were identified as positive predictors of intrinsic motivation. Additionally, it was observed that students' LAL did not significantly predict test anxiety. Discussion These findings emphasize the significance of enhancing students' LAL due to the identified relationships between LAL dimensions and motivation to learn a second language. The study suggests pedagogical implications for improving LAL, with a focus on specific dimensions that positively impact students' motivation. The absence of a significant relationship between LAL dimensions and test anxiety prompts further exploration and consideration of additional factors influencing students' anxiety in language assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Weng
- Department of English, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
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Burrell LV, Rostad HM, Wentzel-Larsen T, Raknes Sogstad MK. Allocation of Adult Day Care Services to Different User Groups: A Register-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Health Serv Insights 2024; 17:11786329241231003. [PMID: 38332842 PMCID: PMC10851712 DOI: 10.1177/11786329241231003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The international policy of active ageing emphasises activities and social relations for long-term care recipients, for example through adult day care. Knowledge about who are allocated such services is, however, sparse. We aimed to investigate characteristics that contribute to determine allocation of adult day care for care recipients with and without dementia. This study selected all 250 687 individuals who received long-term care services on 31 December 2019 from the Norwegian Register for Primary Health Care. We added municipal level data from the Municipality-State-Reporting register and a national survey. Multilevel analyses comparing allocation of adult day care services to other services found that municipal clustering was around 20%. Care recipients who lived alone had higher odds of receiving adult day care, while the odds of receiving adult day care decreased as age increased. Disability level and gender were also significantly associated with allocation of adult day care, but in different directions for different user groups. As the unrestricted revenues of municipalities increased, the odds of allocating adult day care to people without dementia decreased. Other municipality characteristics did not significantly impact the allocation of adult day care. In conclusion, individual characteristics were more influential in allocation of adult day care than municipality characteristics, and the results uncovered clear differences between care recipients with and without dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Victoria Burrell
- Centre for Care Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Hanne Marie Rostad
- Centre for Care Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Centre for Care Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Tirore LL, Areba AS, Habte A, Desalegn M, Kebede AS. Prevalence and associated factors of severity levels of anemia among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1349174. [PMID: 38328546 PMCID: PMC10847295 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1349174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sub-Saharan Africa is the most anemia-prone region, with several of the sub-region's countries having a substantial prevalence of the anemia among women of reproductive age. Nonetheless, no adequate study has been conducted to illustrate severity levels and associated factors of anemia among women of reproductive age. Therefore, this study presents the most recent estimates on the prevalence and severity levels of anemia and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in 21 Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Methods This study used the most recent Demographic Health Survey (DHS) datasets, which were collected in 21 sub-Saharan African countries between 2015 and 2022. A total of 171,348 women of reproductive age were included in the analysis. Multilevel (three-level) ordinal logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with severity levels of anemia. Results The pooled prevalence of anemia was 41.74%. The pooled prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was 23.45, 17.05 and 1.24, respectively. Women who were living at distance to a health facility (AOR = 1.07), women living in the poorest households (AOR = 1.49), women living in the households with unimproved toilet (AOR = 1.12) and in households that were using solid cooking fuel (AOR = 1.10), pregnant women (AOR = 1.72) and those who have given birth to more than one children within 3 years (AOR = 1.43) had greater odds of higher levels of anemia as compared to their counterparts. Women who were in the age groups of 20-24 (AOR = 0.81), 25-29 (AOR = 0.78), 30-34 (AOR = 0.79), 35-39 (AOR = 0.88), and 45-49 (AOR = 0.89), women who have attended primary school (AOR = 0.50), secondary (AOR = 0.57) and higher education (AOR = 0.76) and who were living in rural area (AOR = 1.07) had lower odds of higher levels of anemia as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Considering individual, household and community contexts is necessary while formulating and implementing anemia prevention and control policies. Adolescent women, and women who did not attend education and at a distance to a health facility should get especial attention while implementing anemia prevention and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lire Lemma Tirore
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Abriham Shiferaw Areba
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Habte
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Mitiku Desalegn
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
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Ahmadi SA, Baghi MS, Shirzadegan R, Nasirian H. Secondary multilevel mixed-effects modelling of seroprevalence trends of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. East Mediterr Health J 2024; 30:68-76. [PMID: 38415338 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.24.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Some review papers and meta-analyses have investigated seroprevalence and fatality trends of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), but it is not clear if its seroprevalence is increasing. Aim To investigate the trend in the seroprevalence of CCHF. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of the results of a meta-analysis of the seroprevalence of CCHF published in 2019. We used a multilevel mixed effects Poisson regression to find the predictors of seropositivity. To explain the magnitude effect, we reported an incidence rate ratio (IRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We conducted multilevel modeling using Stata 14 for data analysis. Results In the fixed effects model, time was significantly associated with increased seropositivity (IRR = 1.025, 95% CI = 1.021-1.030), and no significant association was found for local sampling (IRR = 1.026, 95% CI = 0.988-1.065). In the mixed effects model, random intercepts of the country and parallel of latitude were applied as 3 levels of the model (prevalence rate of each study, nested within countries and latitude parallel). Accordingly, time was significantly associated with a reduction of seropositivity (IRR = 0.899, 95% CI = 0.891-0.907), and local sampling was significantly associated with increased seropositivity (IRR = 2.477, 95% CI = 2.316-2.649). Conclusion Despite reporting increasing trends for seroprevalence of CCHF in previous reviews and the fixed effects model of the present study, the secondary mixed effects modeling showed a decreasing trend. The multilevel generalized model is recommended for such temporal and spatial designs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ay Ahmadi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad S Baghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Razieh Shirzadegan
- Nursing Department, Doroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Doroud, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hassan Nasirian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Galvez-Hernandez P, Gonzalez-Viana A, Gonzalez-de Paz L, Shankardass K, Muntaner C. Generating Contextual Variables From Web-Based Data for Health Research: Tutorial on Web Scraping, Text Mining, and Spatial Overlay Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e50379. [PMID: 38190245 PMCID: PMC10804251 DOI: 10.2196/50379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contextual variables that capture the characteristics of delimited geographic or jurisdictional areas are vital for health and social research. However, obtaining data sets with contextual-level data can be challenging in the absence of monitoring systems or public census data. OBJECTIVE We describe and implement an 8-step method that combines web scraping, text mining, and spatial overlay analysis (WeTMS) to transform extensive text data from government websites into analyzable data sets containing contextual data for jurisdictional areas. METHODS This tutorial describes the method and provides resources for its application by health and social researchers. We used this method to create data sets of health assets aimed at enhancing older adults' social connections (eg, activities and resources such as walking groups and senior clubs) across the 374 health jurisdictions in Catalonia from 2015 to 2022. These assets are registered on a web-based government platform by local stakeholders from various health and nonhealth organizations as part of a national public health program. Steps 1 to 3 involved defining the variables of interest, identifying data sources, and using Python to extract information from 50,000 websites linked to the platform. Steps 4 to 6 comprised preprocessing the scraped text, defining new variables to classify health assets based on social connection constructs, analyzing word frequencies in titles and descriptions of the assets, creating topic-specific dictionaries, implementing a rule-based classifier in R, and verifying the results. Steps 7 and 8 integrate the spatial overlay analysis to determine the geographic location of each asset. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the data sets to report the characteristics of the assets identified and the patterns of asset registrations across areas. RESULTS We identified and extracted data from 17,305 websites describing health assets. The titles and descriptions of the activities and resources contained 12,560 and 7301 unique words, respectively. After applying our classifier and spatial analysis algorithm, we generated 2 data sets containing 9546 health assets (5022 activities and 4524 resources) with the potential to enhance social connections among older adults. Stakeholders from 318 health jurisdictions registered identified assets on the platform between July 2015 and December 2022. The agreement rate between the classification algorithm and verified data sets ranged from 62.02% to 99.47% across variables. Leisure and skill development activities were the most prevalent (1844/5022, 36.72%). Leisure and cultural associations, such as social clubs for older adults, were the most common resources (878/4524, 19.41%). Health asset registration varied across areas, ranging between 0 and 263 activities and 0 and 265 resources. CONCLUSIONS The sequential use of WeTMS offers a robust method for generating data sets containing contextual-level variables from internet text data. This study can guide health and social researchers in efficiently generating ready-to-analyze data sets containing contextual variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galvez-Hernandez
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Luis Gonzalez-de Paz
- Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorci d'Atenció Primària de Salut Barcelona Esquerra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ketan Shankardass
- Department of Heath Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carles Muntaner
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Buffel V, Wouters E, Cullati S, Tancredi S, Van Eeckert N, Van de Velde S. The relation between economic stressors and higher education students' mental health during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948231185938. [PMID: 38179954 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231185938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on the financial situation of higher education students, disproportionately affecting students with a low socioeconomic status (SES). This raises the question of whether economic stressors related to COVID-19 have aggravated existing socioeconomic inequalities in mental health. This study examined the relationship between economic stressors and students' depressive symptoms, and the role of students' SES and countries' socioeconomic conditions. METHODS Data from the COVID-19 International Student Well-being Study was used for multilevel analyses, with depressive symptoms as dependent variable. Three indicators measured SES: educational level of the parents, ability to borrow money from their social network, and struggling with financial resources prior to COVID-19. RESULTS Students with a low SES had more depressive symptoms, and those not able to borrow money and with parents without higher education were more exposed to a deterioration in their financial situation. Both economic stressors (reduction in working hours and a deterioration of their financial situation) were positively related to depressive symptoms. In addition, the positive relationship between a decrease in working hours and depressive symptoms was stronger in countries with a higher unemployment rate. CONCLUSIONS We observed socioeconomic inequalities in students' mental health, which, in part, can be ascribed to a larger exposure to the economic stressors related to COVID-19 among students' with a low SES. The macroeconomic context also played a role, as the impact of a reduction in working hours on depressive symptoms was stronger in countries with poor economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Buffel
- Brussels Institute for Social and Population Studies, Department of Sociology (BRISPO), University of Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edwin Wouters
- Centre for Population, Family, and Health, Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stephane Cullati
- Division Quality of care, Department of Readaptation and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Tancredi
- Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nina Van Eeckert
- Centre for Population, Family, and Health, Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Van de Velde
- Centre for Population, Family, and Health, Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Werner N, Heck K, Walter E, Ern C, Bumm CV, Folwaczny M. Probing pocket depth reduction after non-surgical periodontal therapy: Tooth-related factors. J Periodontol 2024; 95:29-39. [PMID: 37436696 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate tooth-related factors that influence the reduction of probing pocket depths (PPD) after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NST). METHODS Seven hundred forty-six patients with a total of 16,825 teeth were included and retrospectively analyzed. PPD reduction after NST was correlated with the tooth-related factors; tooth type, number of roots, furcation involvement, vitality, mobility, and type of restoration; using logistic multilevel regression for statistical analysis. RESULTS NST was able to reduce probing depth overall stratified probing depths (1.20 ± 1.51 mm, p ≤ 0.001). The reduction was significantly higher at teeth with higher probing depths at baseline. At pockets with PPD ≥ 6 mm, PPD remains high after NST. Tooth type, number of roots, furcation involvement, vitality, mobility, and type of restoration are significantly and independently associated with the rate of pocket closure. CONCLUSIONS The tooth-related factors: tooth type, number of roots, furcation involvement, vitality, mobility, and type of restoration had a significant and clinically relevant influence on phase I and II therapy. Considering these factors in advance may enhance the prediction of sites not responding adequately and the potential need for additional treatment, such as re-instrumentation or periodontal surgery, to ultimately achieve the therapy end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Werner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Heck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Walter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Caspar Victor Bumm
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Private practice, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
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13
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Eltaybani S, Igarashi A, Cal A, Lai CKY, Carrasco C, Sari DW, Cho E, Haugan G, Bravo JD, Abouzeid NA, Wachholz PA, Isaramalai SA, Dawood SS, Pappas Y, Abd El Moneam AAEG, Rodríguez AB, Alqahtani BA, Pereira CLN, Jenssen CRS, Yu DSF, Ahmed FR, Mendes FRP, Randhawa G, Ahmed HAESH, Suzuki H, Prambudi H, Avci IA, Waluyo I, Nurbaeti I, Vseteckova J, Horne JK, Liu JY, Ingstad K, Kashiwabara K, Grant L, Abd El Moniem MM, Sakka M, Abdelgawad ME, Subu MA, Kentzer N, Almadani NA, Tomas-Carus P, Rodrigues Garcia RCM, Indarwati R, Maneerat S, Chien WT, Amamiya Y, Cavalcanti YW, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Long-term care facilities' response to the COVID-19 pandemic: An international, cross-sectional survey. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:350-365. [PMID: 37452500 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To (i) assess the adherence of long-term care (LTC) facilities to the COVID-19 prevention and control recommendations, (ii) identify predictors of this adherence and (iii) examine the association between the adherence level and the impact of the pandemic on selected unfavourable conditions. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Managers (n = 212) and staff (n = 2143) of LTC facilities (n = 223) in 13 countries/regions (Brazil, Egypt, England, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand and Turkey) evaluated the adherence of LTC facilities to COVID-19 prevention and control recommendations and the impact of the pandemic on unfavourable conditions related to staff, residents and residents' families. The characteristics of participants and LTC facilities were also gathered. Data were collected from April to October 2021. The study was reported following the STROBE guidelines. RESULTS The adherence was significantly higher among facilities with more pre-pandemic in-service education on infection control and easier access to information early in the pandemic. Residents' feelings of loneliness and feeling down were the most affected conditions by the pandemic. More psychological support to residents was associated with fewer residents' aggressive behaviours, and more psychological support to staff was associated with less work-life imbalance. CONCLUSIONS Pre-pandemic preparedness significantly shaped LTC facilities' response to the pandemic. Adequate psychological support to residents and staff might help mitigate the negative impacts of infection outbreaks. IMPACT This is the first study to comprehensively examine the adherence of LTC facilities to COVID-19 prevention and control recommendations. The results demonstrated that the adherence level was significantly related to pre-pandemic preparedness and that adequate psychological support to staff and residents was significantly associated with less negative impacts of the pandemic on LTC facilities' staff and residents. The results would help LTC facilities prepare for and respond to future infection outbreaks. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No Patient or Public Contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Eltaybani
- Global Nursing Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Igarashi
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayse Cal
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Claudia K Y Lai
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cristina Carrasco
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Eunhee Cho
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, College of Nursing, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gørill Haugan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Public Health Nursing, Trondheim, Norway
- Nord University, Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jorge D Bravo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre(CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nesreen A Abouzeid
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Shaimaa Samir Dawood
- Gerontological nursing department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yannis Pappas
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, luton, UK
| | | | - Ana Beatriz Rodríguez
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Catarina Lino Neto Pereira
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Doris S F Yu
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Fatma Refaat Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Felismina Rosa P Mendes
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, luton, UK
| | | | - Haruno Suzuki
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hery Prambudi
- An Nasher Institute of Healh Sciences, Cirebon, Cirebon West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ilknur Aydin Avci
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Imam Waluyo
- Padma Kumara Foundation and Consultant International, Collaboration Physiotherapy School YAB, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irma Nurbaeti
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jitka Vseteckova
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Justina Yw Liu
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kari Ingstad
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Louise Grant
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK
| | | | - Mariko Sakka
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Muhammad Arsyad Subu
- University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Universitas Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nichola Kentzer
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Noura A Almadani
- Community health nursing department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pablo Tomas-Carus
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Retno Indarwati
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sonthaya Maneerat
- Prapokklao Nursing College, Faculty of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, Chantaburi, Thailand
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yuko Amamiya
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-term Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Habte A, Tamene A, Tesfaye L. Towards a positive postnatal experience in Sub-Saharan African countries: the receipt of adequate services during the immediate postpartum period: a multilevel analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1272888. [PMID: 38155886 PMCID: PMC10753759 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1272888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Existing studies in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region have focused mainly on the frequency of postnatal visits, with little emphasis on the adequacy of care provided during visits. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the magnitude of receiving an adequate number of World Health Organization-recommended contents of care during the immediate postpartum visit, and its predictors in SSA countries. Methods The appended women file of the most recent (2016-2021) standardized Demographic and Health Survey report of eighteen Sub-Saharan African countries with a weighted sample of 56,673 women was used for the study. The influence of each predictor on the uptake of adequate postnatal care has been examined using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. Significant predictors were reported using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results The pooled prevalence of adequate postnatal care service uptake was found to be 42.94% (95% CI: 34.14, 49.13). Living in the southern sub-region (aOR = 3.08 95% CI: 2.50, 3.80), institutional delivery (aOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 2.90, 3.43), early initiation of ANC (aOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.09), quality of antenatal care (aOR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.42, 1.78), Caesarean delivery (aOR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.42, 1.78), autonomy in decision-making (aOR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.39), high acceptance toward wife beating attitude (aOR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.94), and reading newspapers (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.56) were identified as predictors of receiving adequate postnatal services during the immediate postpartum period. Conclusion The findings revealed low coverage of adequate postnatal care service uptake in the region. The Federal Ministry of Health and healthcare managers in each country should coordinate their efforts to develop interventions that promote women's empowerment to enhance their autonomy in decision-making and to reduce attitudes towards wife beating. Healthcare providers ought to strive to provide skilled delivery services and early initiation of antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu Habte
- School of Public Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia
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15
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García-Calvo T, Ponce-Bordón JC, Leo FM, López-Del Campo R, Nevado-Garrosa F, Pulido JJ. How Does Ball Possession Affect the Physical Demands in Spanish LaLiga? A Multilevel Approach. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023; 94:931-939. [PMID: 35576142 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2072798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Using a multilevel approach, this study analyzed the relationship between ball possession and distance covered at different speed sections: total distance (TD), distance covered between 14.1-21 km·h-1 (MIRD), 21.1-24 km·h-1 (HIRD), and > 24.1 km·h-1 (VHIRD). Methods: The sample included 1,520 matches played by 80 Spanish professional soccer teams across four consecutive LaLiga seasons (from 2015/2016 to 2018/2019). Two observations were collected per match, one from each team, resulting in a total of 2,950 records (760 per season). Data were collected using Mediacoach®. Results: At match level (i.e., grand-mean centered), ball possession negatively predicted all distances covered. At team level (i.e., group-mean centered), ball possession negatively predicted total distance covered and distance covered between 14.1-21 km·h-1. Furthermore, cross-level interactions (Match X Team) in ball possession negatively predicted all distances covered at speeds above 14.1 km·h-1. Specifically, in high-possession teams, the negative relationship between match ball possession and distances traveled at all speed ranges above 14.1 km·h-1 was stronger than in teams with medium or low possession. Conversely, match ball possession was positively related todistance covered at low intensities, and negatively related at high intensities in low-possession teams. Conclusion: These findings show practitioners and researchers that the distances covered at different speed ranges depend on technical-tactical parameters such as ball possession.
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Bouzidi YS, Gendolla GHE. Action-orientation shields against primed cognitive conflict effects on effort-related cardiac response. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14407. [PMID: 37551961 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a quasi-experiment (N = 79 university students) testing whether individual differences in action-state orientation moderate primed cognitive conflict's effects on sympathetically mediated cardiac response during task performance reflecting effort. Action control theory posits that action-oriented individuals are less receptive to distracting affective stimuli during goal pursuit than state-oriented individuals because action-orientation is related to higher volitional skills. Therefore, we expected that action-oriented individuals should be shielded against conflict primes' effect on effort-related responses in the cardiovascular system. By contrast, state-oriented individuals should be more sensitive to irrelevant negative affective stimulation and therefore mobilize higher resources under such conditions. Responses of the cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP) during a moderately difficult short-term memory task corroborated these predictions. The present findings provide the first evidence that individual differences in action-state orientation indeed moderate previously demonstrated cognitive conflict priming effects on effort-related cardiac response and extend recent findings on action shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann S Bouzidi
- FPSE, Section of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guido H E Gendolla
- FPSE, Section of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Matsuura T, Mikami R, Mizutani K, Shioyama H, Aoyama N, Suda T, Kusunoki Y, Takeda K, Izumi Y, Aida J, Aoki A, Iwata T. Assessment of bone defect morphology for the adjunctive use of bone grafting combined with enamel matrix derivative: A 3-year cohort study. J Periodontol 2023. [PMID: 38029354 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been limited studies with statistically sufficient sample sizes for assessment of suitable bone defect morphology for combination therapy with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and bone grafting. The aim of this study was to investigate the appropriate feature of intrabony defects, such as bone defect angle (DA) and the containment by bony wall, for yielding the additional benefit of bone grafting in combination with periodontal regenerative therapy using EMD. METHODS Following periodontal regenerative therapy using EMD with or without autologous bone grafting, 282 intrabony defects of 177 participants were maintained for 3 years. Multilevel linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the radiographic bony defect depth (RBD) reduction after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS The baseline parameters, except for the proportion of contained bony defects and tooth mobility, did not differ significantly between the groups with and without bone grafts. There was no significant difference in the improvement of clinical parameters between the groups. The 1- and 3-year reduction of RBD showed significant inverse correlations with preoperative DA only in the group without bone graft. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed a significant interaction between DA at baseline ≥40° and adjunctive bone grafting in the reduction of RBD, regardless of the number of bony walls. CONCLUSION Adjunctive autologous bone grafting with enamel matrix derivative might be significantly beneficial for defect depth improvement in the case of DA at baseline ≥40°.
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Grants
- 20K18497 Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
- 19K10125 Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsuura
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Risako Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Shioyama
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Aoyama
- Department of Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomonari Suda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Secomedic Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukako Kusunoki
- Department of General Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Care Periodontics Center, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Armah-Ansah EK, Bawa B, Dindas J, Budu E, Ahinkorah BO, Ameyaw EK. A multilevel analysis of social determinants of skilled birth attendant utilisation among married and cohabiting women of Madagascar. Int Health 2023:ihad108. [PMID: 38011796 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Madagascar is 392 deaths per 100 000 live births, and this is a major public health concern. One of the strategies for reducing MMR and achieving target 3.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (i.e. reducing the global MMR below 70 per 100 000 live births) is the utilisation of skilled birth attendants (SBAs). This analysis examined the prevalence and social determinants of SBA utilisation among married and cohabiting women of Madagascar. METHODS Data from the 2021 Madagascar Demographic and Health Surveys was analysed on a weighted sample of 6997 married and cohabiting women. A multilevel regression was carried out to determine the social determinants of utilising SBAs. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) associated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a p-value <0.05 to determine the significant associations. RESULTS The prevalence of SBAs among married and cohabiting women of Madagascar was 64.4% (95% CI 0.62 to 0.68). In model 3 of the multilevel regression, women 35-39 y of age (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.86 [95% CI 1.30 to 2.60]), women with secondary/higher education (aOR 1.67 [95% CI 1.32 to 2.10]), women whose partners had secondary/higher education (aOR 1.58 [95% CI 1.25 to 1.99]), cohabiting women (aOR 1.33 [95% CI 1.07 to 1.65]), women who had four or more antenatal care visits (aOR 2.05 [95% CI 1.79 to 2.35]), female household head (aOR 1.44 [95% CI 1.06 to 1.95]), Muslims (aOR 1.58 [95% CI 0.71 to 3.53]), those of the richest wealth index (aOR 4.32 [95% CI 2.93 to 6.36]) and women who lived in communities with high literacy levels (aOR 2.17 [95% CI 1.57 to 3.00]) had higher odds of utilisation of SBA. CONCLUSION This current analysis revealed low SBA utilisation among married and cohabiting women in Madagascar. The analysis points to the fact that understaffing and inaccessibility of health facilities remain major contributors to the low utilisation of SBAs. The findings call on the government and stakeholders in Madagascar to consider implementing programs that will empower women and focus on disadvantaged groups. These programs could include providing free maternal healthcare services to all pregnant women and intensifying health education programs that target women and their partners with no formal education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah
- Population Dynamics Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Population and Development, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - John Dindas
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare, I.M. Scehenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Budu
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box, 77, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- REMS Consult Limited, Sekondi-Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- Institute of Policy Studies and School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
- L & E Research Consult Limited, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana
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Hou Y, Wu X, Allen T, Toledo-Tamula MA, Martin S, Gillespie A, Goodwin A, Widemann BC, Wolters PL. Longitudinal association between executive function and academic achievement in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and plexiform neurofibromas. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:839-849. [PMID: 36750981 PMCID: PMC10695331 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how executive functioning (EF) relates to academic achievement longitudinally in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) and whether age at baseline moderates this relationship. METHOD Participants included 88 children with NF1 and PNs (ages 6-18 years old, M = 12.05, SD = 3.62, 50 males) enrolled in a natural history study. Neuropsychological assessments were administered three times over 6 years. EF (working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and attention) was assessed by performance-based (PB) and parent-reported (PR) measures. Multilevel growth modeling was used to examine how EF at baseline related to initial levels and changes in broad math, reading, and writing across time, controlling for demographic variables. RESULTS The relationship between EF and academic achievement varied across EF and academic domains. Cognitive flexibility (PB) uniquely explained more variances in initial math, reading, and writing scores; working memory (PB) uniquely explained more variances in initial levels of reading and writing. The associations between EF and academic achievement tended to remain consistent across age groups with one exception: Lower initial levels of inhibitory control (PR) were related to a greater decline in reading scores. This pattern was more evident among younger (versus older) children. CONCLUSIONS Findings emphasize the heterogeneous nature of academic development in NF1 and that EF skills could help explain the within-group variability in this population. Routine cognitive/academic monitoring via comprehensive assessments and early targeted treatments consisting of medication and/or systematic cognitive interventions are important to evaluate for improving academic performance in children with NF1 and PNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University
| | - Taryn Allen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | | | - Staci Martin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Andy Gillespie
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Anne Goodwin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Pamela L. Wolters
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
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Pohl S, Djediat A, Van der Linden J, Closon C, Galletta M. Work engagement, emotional exhaustion, and OCB-civic virtue among nurses: a multilevel analysis of emotional supervisor support. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1249615. [PMID: 37954182 PMCID: PMC10637374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigates the moderating role of supervisor emotional support at the group level on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and work engagement with organizational citizenship behavior-civic virtue (OCB-civic virtue) at the individual level among nurses. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out on 558 nurses nested in 36 working units from two hospitals in Algiers. A multilevel analysis using Hierarchical Linear Modeling was performed. Results Results show that the positive effect of work engagement on OCB-civic virtue was moderated by supervisor emotional support at group level. The nurses emotional exhaustion and OCB-civic virtue negative relationship at the individual level is buffered by supervisor emotional support at group level. Discussion In consequence, supervisor emotional support experienced by the team has an influence on the emotional exhaustion and work engagement OCB-civic virtue relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pohl
- Department Work and Consumption Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Abdel Djediat
- Department Work and Consumption Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Van der Linden
- Department Work and Consumption Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Closon
- Department Work and Consumption Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
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Terefe B, Getnet M, Akalu Y, Belsti Y, Diress M, Gela YY, Getahun AB, Bitew DA, Belay DG. Geospatial variations and determinants of contraceptive utilization among married reproductive age women in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 2019. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1151031. [PMID: 37811535 PMCID: PMC10556865 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1151031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Contraception is the most effective method of preventing unwanted pregnancies and their associated disadvantages. It is critical to recognize one's desire to utilize contraceptives before drafting and implementing a good family planning program, especially in developing nations like Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to identify the geospatial variations and determinants affecting the utilization of contraceptives among married reproductive age women in Ethiopia. Method This study was based on an extensive national survey, the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total weighted sample of 5,743 married reproductive-age women was included. Because of the hierarchical nature of the DHS data, a spatial analysis multilevel logistic regression model was used to study individual and community-level factors that may influence contraceptives. The Bernoulli model was used by applying Kulldorff methods using the SaTScan software to analyze the purely spatial clusters of contraceptive usage. ArcGIS version 10.3 was used to visualize the distribution of contraceptives. A 95% confidence interval and a p-value of less than 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Result The overall utilization of contraceptives was discovered at 41.25% (39.98, 42.53). Participants age range of 25-34 years [AOR = 0.80, CI: (0.66, 0.96,)] and 35-49 years [AOR = 0.50, CI 95%:(0.66, 0.96)] times less likely to use contraceptives than 15-24 years old respectively. Having primary [AOR = 1.47, CI 95%: (1.25, 1.73)], secondary [AOR = 1.42, CI 95%: (1.09, 1.83)] and higher education level [AOR = 1.92, CI 95%: (1.41, 2.60)], middle wealth [AOR = 1.48, CI 95%: (1.14, 1.90)], richer [AOR = 1.41, CI 95%: (1.07, 1.86)] and richest [AOR = 2.17, CI 95%: (1.52, 3.11)], having 1-4 ANC follow up have [AOR = 1.60, CI 95%: (1.26, 2.03)], gave birth at age of 35-44 [AOR = 0.29, CI 95%: (0.22, 0.37)], having 3-5 children [AOR = 1.26, CI 95%: (1.03, 1.52)], being from community of high level women education [AOR = 1.61, CI 95%: (1.21, 2.15)] were associated positively. Participants from Amhara, Oromia, Benishangul and SNNPR regions have revealed [AOR = 2.40, CI 95%: (1.53, 3.77)], [AOR = 1.64, CI 95%: (1.05, 2.56)], [AOR = 1.62, CI 95%: (1.01, 2.62)] and [AOR = 2.04, CI 95: (1.31, 3.19)], in contrast, Somali and Afar regions have shown [AOR = 011, CI 95%: (0.05, 0.22)] and [AOR = 0.31, CI 95%: (0.18, 0.54)] times less likely to use contraceptive services than Tigray Region respectively. The spatial analysis of contraceptive usage discovered that the northern, central and southern parts of the country had higher utilization of contraceptives than the eastern and northeastern of the country. Conclusion The study revealed that contraceptive usage among married women is comparatively low, with wide regional variation. Raising awareness among mothers about the importance of antenatal care and assisting mothers who are financially disadvantaged or do not have access to health facilities will aid in providing better family planning services. Improving contraceptive information dissemination at community and regional levels is key to averting potential barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bewuketu Terefe
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Getnet
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yitayeh Belsti
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistie Diress
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Yismaw Gela
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Belete Getahun
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Anmut Bitew
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Gashaneh Belay
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Barker KM, Brown S, Pitpitan EV, Shakya HB, Raj A. Adolescent alcohol use: use of social network analysis and cross-classified multilevel modeling to examine peer group, school, and neighborhood-level influences. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2023; 49:576-586. [PMID: 37433106 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2222431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Neighborhood-, school-, and peer-contexts play an important role in adolescent alcohol use behaviors. Methodological advances permit simultaneous modeling of these contexts to understand their relative and joint importance. Few empirical studies include these contexts, and studies that do typically: examine each context separately; include contexts for the sole purpose of accounting for clustering in the data; or do not disaggregate by sex.Objectives: This study takes an eco-epidemiologic approach to examine the role of socio-contextual contributions to variance in adolescent alcohol use. The primary parameters of interest are therefore variance rather than beta parameters (i.e. random rather than fixed effects). Sex-stratified models are also used to understand how each context may matter differently for male and female adolescents.Method: Data come from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 8,534 females, n = 8,102 males). We conduct social network analysis and traditional and cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM) in the full and sex-disaggregated samples.Results: In final CCMM, peer groups, schools, and neighborhoods contributed 10.5%, 10.8%, and 0.4%, respectively, to total variation in adolescent alcohol use. Results do not differ widely by gender.Conclusions: Peer groups and schools emerge as more salient contributing contexts relative to neighborhoods in adolescent alcohol use for males and females. These findings have both methodological and practical implications. Multilevel modeling can model contexts simultaneously to prevent the overestimation of variance in youth alcohol use explained by each context. Primary prevention strategies addressing youth alcohol use should focus on schools and peer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Barker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eileen V Pitpitan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Holly Baker Shakya
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anita Raj
- Newcomb Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Tulane School of Public Health and Hygiene, New Orleans, LA
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Manera F, Fernandes RC, Höfelmann DA. Trajectory Patterns of Gestational Weight Gain. J Am Nutr Assoc 2023; 42:643-650. [PMID: 36219394 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2022.2125099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify gestational weight gain trajectories and their association with demographic, obstetric, and anthropometric characteristics. METHOD Information of 599 pregnant women undergoing prenatal care in public health units was collected through questionnaires and medical records, resulting in 4,272 measures of body weight. Group-based trajectory models were applied to identify patterns of gestational weight gain. RESULTS The average gestational weight gain at 40 weeks was 14.1 kg (95%CI: 13.2, 15.0). Three different trajectory groups were identified: low (9.9%), intermediate (66.4%), and high (23.7%). Pregnant women who smoked and those classified above IOM's weight gain recommendations were more likely to be classified in the group with a high weight gain trajectory; while those with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, and with greater parity were more likely to be categorized in the low weight gain trajectory. After adjusting for other variables in the model, parity remained significantly associated with gestational weight gain (β: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.27, 0.73). In the multilevel model, weight gain remained different among the categories of group-based trajectory, even after adjustment for other investigated variables for intermediate (β: 2.94; 95%CI: 2.32, 3.58) and high (β: 5.88; 95%CI: 5.09, 6.66) gestational weight gain trajectory groups. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral, obstetric, and anthropometric characteristics determined the belonging to groups with a high or low trajectory of gestational weight gain. The findings contribute to a better understanding of patterns of gestational weight gain in middle-income women groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Manera
- Post-graduate Program of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Doroteia Aparecida Höfelmann
- Department of Nutrition, Post-graduate Program of Food and Nutrition, Post-graduate Program of Public Health, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Butler DC, Larkins S, Korda RJ. Association of individual-socioeconomic variation in quality-of-primary care with area-level service organisation: A multilevel analysis using linked data. J Eval Clin Pract 2023; 29:984-997. [PMID: 36894510 PMCID: PMC10946916 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Ensuring equitable access to primary care (PC) contributes to reducing differences in health related to people's socioeconomic circumstances. However, there is limited data on system-level factors associated with equitable access to high-quality PC. We examine whether individual-level socioeconomic variation in general practitioner (GP) quality-of-care varies by area-level organisation of PC services. METHODS Baseline data (2006-2009) from the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study, involving 267,153 adults in New South Wales, Australia, were linked to Medicare Benefits Schedule claims and death data (to December 2012). Small area-level measures of PC service organisation were GPs per capita, bulk-billing (i.e., no copayment) rates, out-of-pocket costs (OPCs), rates of after-hours and chronic disease care planning/coordination services. Using multilevel logistic regression with cross-level interaction terms we quantified the relationship between area-level PC service characteristics and individual-level socioeconomic variation in need-adjusted quality-of-care (continuity-of-care, long-consultations, and care planning), separately by remoteness. RESULTS In major cities, more bulk-billing and chronic disease services and fewer OPCs within areas were associated with an increased odds of continuity-of-care-more so among people of high- than low education (e.g., bulk-billing interaction with university vs. no school certificate 1.006 [1.000, 1.011]). While more bulk-billing, after-hours services and fewer OPCs were associated with long consultations and care planning across all education levels, in regional locations alone, more after-hours services were associated with larger increases in the odds of long consultations among people with low- than high education (0.970 [0.951, 0.989]). Area GP availability was not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In major cities, PC initiatives at the local level, such as bulk-billing and after-hours access, were not associated with a relative benefit for low- compared with high-education individuals. In regional locations, policies supporting after-hours access may improve access to long consultations, more so for people with low- compared with high-education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C. Butler
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population HealthThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | - Sarah Larkins
- College of Medicine and DentistryJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
| | - Rosemary J Korda
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population HealthThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
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Oshio T, Ping R. Trust, Interaction with Neighbors, and Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Chinese Data. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1332. [PMID: 37631900 PMCID: PMC10459166 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted public health and quality of life, leading to government recommendations for vaccination. Using cross-sectional data from a nationwide population-based survey conducted in China (N = 6860), this study aimed to examine the associations between individual vaccine uptake and general trust in others, trust in government, and interaction with neighbors. We conducted a multilevel logistic regression analysis to examine the relevance of these factors at the individual and community levels. Among young adults, higher levels of general trust at both levels were positively associated with vaccination, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07, 1.70) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.18), respectively. We also found a positive association between vaccination and community-level interaction with neighbors, with ORs of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.17). In contrast, among older individuals, vaccination was positively associated only with individual-level interaction with neighbors, with an OR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.15, 2.08). The results indicated that vaccine uptake was associated with an individual's views of society and the social environment of the community, with substantial variations between the young and the old. Our findings emphasize the significance of public health measures to strengthen neighborhood interactions among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Oshio
- Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo 186-8601, Japan
| | - Ruru Ping
- Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo 186-8601, Japan;
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Aragaw FM, Amare T, Teklu RE, Tegegne BA, Alem AZ. Magnitude of unintended pregnancy and its determinants among childbearing age women in low and middle-income countries: evidence from 61 low and middle income countries. Front Reprod Health 2023; 5:1113926. [PMID: 37533507 PMCID: PMC10393037 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unintended pregnancy is one of the most serious health issues in low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), posing significant health, economic, and psychosocial costs to individuals and communities. However, there is limited evidence on the prevalence of unintended pregnancies and their determinants in LMICs. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors among childbearing-age women in LMICs. Method Data for the study were drawn from a recent 61 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in LMICs. A total sample of 187,347 mothers who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey was included. STATA version 16 was used to clean and analyze the data. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify individual and community-level factors of unintended pregnancy in LMICs. In the multivariable analysis, an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence level was reported to indicate statistical association. Results The pooled magnitude of unintended pregnancy in LMICs was 26.46%% (95% CI: 25.30%, 27.62%), ranging from 19.25%% in Egypt to 61.71% in Bolivia. Working status (AOR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06), having a husband with no education (AOR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.15), and primary education (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11), women from male-headed households (AOR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.08), media exposure (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08), unmet need for contraception (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08), distance from a health facility (AOR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.06) were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Conclusion Unintended pregnancy rates remain high in LMICs. Women whose husband has no education and primary education, women with media exposure, working status, women who live in a household headed by male, women with unmet need for contraception, and women with a big problem of distance to health facilities were variables that were significant predictors of unintended pregnancy. When attempting to minimize unintended pregnancy in LMICs, these factors need to be considered. Furthermore, most of these attempts should be driven by government entities in low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantu Mamo Aragaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaw Amare
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Rediet Eristu Teklu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Biresaw Ayen Tegegne
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adugnaw Zeleke Alem
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Molina-Muñoz D, Contreras-García JM, Molina-Portillo E. Does the psychoemotional well-being of Spanish students influence their mathematical literacy? An evidence from PISA 2018. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1196529. [PMID: 37377694 PMCID: PMC10291172 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from international studies reveal that the mathematics literacy of Spanish students is significantly lower than that of students from nearby countries. Therefore, in recent years, interest in identifying the factors that influence students' mathematics results in Spain has grown considerably. Often, these factors are sought among the socioeconomic characteristics of the students or among variables related to the schools, ignoring the psychological and emotional factors of the students. This paper analyzes the impact of certain psychoemotional characteristics of Spanish students on their literacy in mathematics. For this purpose, multilevel regression models are applied to the data of the Spanish sample of the 2018 edition of PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), which is composed of 35,943 15-year-old students. The instruments for data collection are the mathematics literacy tests and the contextual questionnaires on students' personal situation and well-being used by PISA. As dependent variable, students' mathematics literacy has been considered, measured through the plausible values provided by PISA, and as independent variables, different indices measuring students' psychoemotional well-being obtained from the contextual information collected by PISA. Results indicate that resilience, motivation for the achievement of learning objectives, competitiveness, perceived cooperation at school, and social connectedness with parents have a positive impact on students' mathematics literacy, while experiences related to bullying, physical self-concept, meaning in life and perceived competitiveness at school have a negative impact.
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Kessels R, Moerbeek M. A comparison of the multilevel MIMIC model to the multilevel regression and mixed ANOVA model for the estimation and testing of a cross-level interaction effect: A simulation study. Biom J 2023; 65:e2200112. [PMID: 37068180 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.202200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
When observing data on a patient-reported outcome measure in, for example, clinical trials, the variables observed are often correlated and intended to measure a latent variable. In addition, such data are also often characterized by a hierarchical structure, meaning that the outcome is repeatedly measured within patients. To analyze such data, it is important to use an appropriate statistical model, such as structural equation modeling (SEM). However, researchers may rely on simpler statistical models that are applied to an aggregated data structure. For example, correlated variables are combined into one sum score that approximates a latent variable. This may have implications when, for example, the sum score consists of indicators that relate differently to the latent variable being measured. This study compares three models that can be applied to analyze such data: the multilevel multiple indicators multiple causes (ML-MIMIC) model, a univariate multilevel model, and a mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model. The focus is on the estimation of a cross-level interaction effect that presents the difference over time on the patient-reported outcome between two treatment groups. The ML-MIMIC model is an SEM-type model that considers the relationship between the indicators and the latent variable in a multilevel setting, whereas the univariate multilevel and mixed ANOVA model rely on sum scores to approximate the latent variable. In addition, the mixed ANOVA model uses aggregated second-level means as outcome. This study showed that the ML-MIMIC model produced unbiased cross-level interaction effect estimates when the relationships between the indicators and the latent variable being measured varied across indicators. In contrast, under similar conditions, the univariate multilevel and mixed ANOVA model underestimated the cross-level interaction effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Kessels
- Department of Biometrics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Moerbeek
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Contreras-Villalobos T, López V, Baleriola E, González L. Dropout in youth and adult education: a multilevel analysis of students and schools in Chile. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1163088. [PMID: 37325760 PMCID: PMC10267349 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1163088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction School dropout is an increasing worldwide phenomenon, marked by inequality and educational exclusion. In Chile, many students who have dropped out of regular schools attempt to reenter youth and adult education (YAE). However, some of them drop out again from YAE. Objective The aim of this study was to identify and jointly analyze school and individual factors that influence dropout in YAE. Methods This secondary multilevel analysis of official datasets from Chile's Ministry of Education focused on students enrolled in YAE (N = 10,130). Results According to the findings, YAE dropout can be explained by the individual risk factors of age (19-24 years), low academic achievement, and school-level factors such as number of teachers (raw and student-to-teacher ratio), economic resources, and school management quality. Discussion We discuss the need to develop school-level protective factors that build connections, foster student engagement, and ultimately, promote students' permanence and progress in YAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Contreras-Villalobos
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía y Educación, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica López
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía y Educación, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación para la Educación Inclusiva, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Enrique Baleriola
- Estudis de Psicologia i Ciències de l’Educació, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis González
- Centro de Investigación para la Educación Inclusiva, Viña del Mar, Chile
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Raru TB, Merga BT, Mulatu G, Deressa A, Birhanu A, Negash B, Gamachu M, Regassa LD, Ayana GM, Roba KT. Minimum Dietary Diversity Among Children Aged 6-59 Months in East Africa Countries: A Multilevel Analysis. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605807. [PMID: 37325176 PMCID: PMC10267305 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To find out the determinants of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) among under-five children in East Africa based on the 2017 revised indicator. Methods: Secondary data from the demographic and health survey (DHS) of eight countries in East Africa were combined. A total of 27,223 weighted samples of children aged 6-59 months were included. Multi-level logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the determinants of dietary diversity. Results: The magnitude of adequate MDD in East Africa was found to be 10.47% with 95% CI (10.12-10.84) with the lowest and highest magnitude in Ethiopia and Rwanda respectively. Having a mother in the age group of 35-49, having a mother with higher educational attainment, and having a post-natal check-up within 2 months were significant factors in determining adequate MDD. Conclusion: The magnitude of adequate MDD intake among children aged 6-59 months in East Africa is relatively low. Therefore, strengthening interventions focused on improving the economic status of households, the educational status of mothers, and diversified food consumption of children aged 6-59 months should get priority to improve the recommended feeding practice of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temam Beshir Raru
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Gutema Mulatu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Deressa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Gamachu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Departments of Public Health, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Leveau CM, Hussein M, Tapia-Granados JA, Velázquez GA. Economic fluctuations and educational inequalities in premature ischemic heart disease mortality in Argentina. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00181222. [PMID: 37255190 PMCID: PMC10549982 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen181222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mortality from ischemic heart disease has declined over the past decades in Argentina, ischemic heart disease remains one of the most frequent causes of death. This study aimed to describe the role of individual and contextual factors on premature ischemic heart disease mortality and to analyze how educational differentials in premature ischemic heart disease mortality changed during economic fluctuations in two provinces of Argentina from 1990 to 2018. To test the relationship between individual (age, sex, and educational level) and contextual (urbanization, poverty, and macroeconomic variations) factors, a multilevel Poisson model was estimated. When controlling for the level of poverty at the departmental level, we observed inequalities in premature ischemic heart disease mortality according to the educational level of individuals, affecting population of low educational level. Moreover, economic expansion was related to an increase in ischemic heart disease mortality, however, expansion years were not associated with increasing educational inequalities in ischemic heart disease mortality. At the departmental level, we found no contextual association beween area-related socioeconomic level and the risk of ischemic heart disease mortality. Despite the continuing decline in ischemic heart disease mortality in Argentina, this study highlighted that social inequalities in mortality risk increased over time. Therefore, prevention policies should be more focused on populations of lower socioeconomic status in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marcelo Leveau
- Instituto de Producción, Economía y Trabajo, Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Lanús, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mustafa Hussein
- Graduate School of Public Health, The City University of New York, New York, U.S.A
| | | | - Guillermo A Velázquez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bellhäuser H, Dignath C, Theobald M. Daily automated feedback enhances self-regulated learning: a longitudinal randomized field experiment. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1125873. [PMID: 37275690 PMCID: PMC10233063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1125873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of automatically generated, adaptive feedback on daily self-regulated learning (SRL) in an experimental field study. University students reported their application of SRL strategies in the morning and in the evening over the course of 36 days using electronic learning diaries. Students were randomly assigned to the experimental group with feedback (LDF, n = 98) or the control group without feedback (LD, n = 96). Based on their self-reports, students in group LDF received daily written feedback regarding their satisfaction with the study day, adherence to time schedule, procrastination, and effort. This feedback either reinforced students in their study approach (confirmative feedback), encompassed information on learning outcomes or processes (informative feedback), or included feed forward on how to improve learning processes (transformative feedback). Multilevel analysis of daily process data revealed better average goal setting, planning and adherence to time schedule, as well as higher self-efficacy, and satisfaction with the study day in group LDF compared to group LD. Motivation, procrastination and effort were not affected by feedback. In contrast to the process measures, pre-post comparisons of students' self-reported general use of SRL strategies (trait measures) did not reveal any effects of feedback on SRL. Further explorative analyses investigated the effects of confirmative, informative, and transformative feedback on next day's learning behavior, showing that confirmative and transformative feedback had stronger effects on students' satisfaction and procrastination than informative feedback. Transformative feedback, which included specific strategies for moving forward, was effective in improving time management. Results provide theoretical insight into the interplay of feedback and SRL and offer practical implications regarding the design of feedback in a learning context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Bellhäuser
- Department of Psychology, Faculty 02: Social Sciences, Media, and Sports, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Charlotte Dignath
- Center for Research on Education and School Development, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maria Theobald
- Individualised Interventions, Education and Human Development, DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany
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Wu X, Wu R, Hanley C, Liu H, Liu J. How to better balance academic achievement and learning anxiety from time on homework? A multilevel and classification and regression tree analyses. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1130274. [PMID: 37228336 PMCID: PMC10203481 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1130274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Using education survey data from 153, 317 Grade 4 students and 150, 040 Grade 8 students in China, this study examined the relationship between time on homework and academic achievement and learning anxiety with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and classification and regression tree (CART) approaches. With a classification of time spent on homework into four related variables, this study found that, firstly, time spent on in-school homework during weekdays had positive effects on students' achievement for both grades, and the positive effect was stronger for Grade 8 students than Grade 4 students. Moreover, a maximum of 1 h was recommended for Grade 4 students. Secondly, time spent on out-of-school homework on weekdays was negatively correlated with students' academic achievement and positively with learning anxieties. It had greater detrimental effect on Grade 8 than Grade 4. Thirdly, Grade 8 students were encouraged to have more out-of-school homework on weekend with more than 2.8 h on average recommended. It was expected to complement extant studies and provide the practical findings for teachers, practitioners and school policy makers in making any homework assignment planning or conducting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wu
- Faculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongxiu Wu
- Department of Science Education, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Carol Hanley
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Collaborative Innovative Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing, China
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Buhrs S, van Amelsvoort T, Strik J, Roggeveen S, Lousberg R. The relationship between the use of Touch Screen Devices and interference suppression in children aged 5-11. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37141136 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2208700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between the use of Touch Screen Devices (TSDs), such as smartphones and tablets, and interference suppression as assessed by the Bivalent Shape Task (BST) in 5-11-year-old children. METHODS Thirty-eight children from a Dutch primary school were included. Interference suppression was measured in the incongruent level of the BST. TSD use was measured by a standardized interview. The dataset was analyzed using multilevel analysis because of its nested structure. RESULTS Children with moderate to high TSD use showed a longer reaction time (RT) as age progresses in the incongruent level (T = 2.40, p = .017), compared to children with no to low TSD use. Furthermore, an interaction between TSD use, age, gender, and the incongruent level demonstrated an increased RT in boys with moderate to high TSD use compared to boys with no to low TSD use as age increases (T = -2.23, p = .026). CONCLUSION The RT in response of interfering stimuli seems to be negatively influenced by TSD use as age progresses in children aged 5-11. Moreover, a gender-specific effect could be observed. Given the potential impact of these findings, more research would be helpful to further explore causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Buhrs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Strik
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richel Lousberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Luu NM, Tran TTH, Luong NK, Phan TH, Phan VC, Khuong QL, Nguyen TL, Duong TA, Oh JK, Vu THL, Vu VG, Hoang VM. Smoking Cessation, Quit Attempts and Predictive Factors among Vietnamese Adults in 2020. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1701-1710. [PMID: 37247291 PMCID: PMC10495881 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the updated smoking cessation and quit attempt rates and associated factors among Vietnamese adults in 2020. METHODS Data on tobacco use among adults in Vietnam in 2020 was derived from the Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The participants in the study were people aged 15 and older. A total of 81,600 people were surveyed across 34 provinces and cities. Multi-level logistic regression was used to examine the associations between individual and province-level factors on smoking cessation and quit attempts. RESULTS The smoking cessation and quit attempt rates varied significantly across the 34 provinces. The average rates of people who quit smoking and attempted to quit were 6.3% and 37.2%, respectively. The factors associated with smoking cessation were sex, age group, region, education level, occupation, marital status, and perception of the harmful effects of smoking. Attempts to quit were significantly associated with sex, education level, marital status, perception of the harmful effects of smoking, and visiting health facilities in the past 12 months. CONCLUSIONS These results may be useful in formulating future smoking cessation policies and identifying priority target groups for future interventions. However, more longitudinal and follow-up studies are needed to prove a causal relationship between these factors and future smoking cessation behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Luu
- Department of Research Methodology and Biostatistics, School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam.
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy.
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Bonilla-Zorita G, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ. Dating App Use and Wellbeing: An Application-Based Pilot Study Employing Ecological Momentary Assessment and Objective Measures of Use. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20095631. [PMID: 37174151 PMCID: PMC10178613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones are part of individuals' daily lifestyles, as are smartphone applications such as dating apps. Previous evidence suggests that high engagement in dating applications can be detrimental to some users' wellbeing. However, much of the published research has relied on cross-sectional studies and self-report measures. Therefore, the present study aims to overcome the limitations of subjective measures in cross-sectional designs by investigating for the first time the relationship between dating app users' wellbeing (self-esteem, craving and mood) and objective measures of their use during a one-week period. To do this, the present study employed a newly developed application, DiaryMood and utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA), as it measured subjects' mood, self-esteem and craving three times per day and the time spent using the dating apps per day during one week. A convenience sample of 22 online dating app users participated in the present study. Findings from a three-level multilevel analysis indicated that increased time spent on dating apps predicted craving among dating app users and that notifications led to an improved mood and higher self-esteem. The results are discussed in relation to previous online dating studies. In sum, the present study sets a precedent for the use of EMA within the scope of online dating research, which may promote further studies adopting this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bonilla-Zorita
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Daria J Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
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Marín D, Keynan Y, Bangdiwala SI, López L, Rueda ZV. Tuberculosis in Prisons: Importance of Considering the Clustering in the Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5423. [PMID: 37048037 PMCID: PMC10094442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The level of clustering and the adjustment by cluster-robust standard errors have yet to be widely considered and reported in cross-sectional studies of tuberculosis (TB) in prisons. In two cross-sectional studies of people deprived of liberty (PDL) in Medellin, we evaluated the impact of adjustment versus failure to adjust by clustering on prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We used log-binomial regression, Poisson regression, generalized estimating equations (GEE), and mixed-effects regression models. We used cluster-robust standard errors and bias-corrected standard errors. The odds ratio (OR) was 20% higher than the PR when the TB prevalence was >10% in at least one of the exposure factors. When there are three levels of clusters (city, prison, and courtyard), the cluster that had the strongest effect was the courtyard, and the 95% CI estimated with GEE and mixed-effect models were narrower than those estimated with Poisson and binomial models. Exposure factors lost their significance when we used bias-corrected standard errors due to the smaller number of clusters. Tuberculosis transmission dynamics in prisons dictate a strong cluster effect that needs to be considered and adjusted for. The omission of cluster structure and bias-corrected by the small number of clusters can lead to wrong inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marín
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Shrikant I. Bangdiwala
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Lucelly López
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050034, Colombia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Ferede TA, Muluneh AG, Wagnew A, Walle AD. Prevalence and associated factors of early sexual initiation among youth female in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:147. [PMID: 36997947 PMCID: PMC10061848 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early sexual initiation is a major public health concern globally, specifically in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries where reproductive health care services are limited. It is strongly related to increased risk of HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancy, adverse birth outcomes, and psychosocial problems. However, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of early sexual initiation among youth females in SSA. Methods A secondary data analysis was employed based on the recent DHSs of sub-Saharan African countries. A total weighted sample of 184,942 youth females was considered for analysis. Given the hierarchical nature of DHS data, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Median Odds Ratio (MOR), and Likelihood Ratio (LR) test were used to assess the presence of clustering. Four nested models were fitted and the model with the lowest deviance (-2LLR0 was selected as the best-fitted model. Variables with p-value < 0.2 in the bivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to declare the strength and statistical significance of the association. Results The prevalence of early sexual initiation among youth females in sub-Saharan Africa was 46.39% [95%CI: 41.23%, 51.5%] ranging from 16.66% in Rwanda to 71.70% in Liberia. In the final model, having primary level education [AOR = 0.82, 95% CI; 0.79, 0.85], and [AOR = 0.50, 95%CI; 0.48, 0.52], being rural [AOR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.07], having media exposure [AOR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.89, 0.94], and belonged to a community with high media exposure [AOR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.89,0.96] were found significantly associated with early sexual initiation. Conclusion The prevalence of early sexual initiation among youth females in SSA was high. Educational status, wealth index, residence, media exposure, and community media exposure have a significant association with early sexual initiation. These findings highlight those policymakers and other stakeholders had better give prior attention to empowering women, enhancing household wealth status, and media exposure to increase early sexual in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Andargie Ferede
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Atalay Goshu Muluneh
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemakef Wagnew
- grid.59547.3a0000 0000 8539 4635Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Agmasie Damtew Walle
- grid.513714.50000 0004 8496 1254Department of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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Łaguna M, Mielniczuk E, Razmus W. Development and initial validation of the Daily Goal Realization Scale. Curr Issues Personal Psychol 2023; 11:240-250. [PMID: 38014384 PMCID: PMC10654345 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/155945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper presents the results of three studies allowing the design and initial validation of the Daily Goal Realization Scale (DGRS). Goal realization refers to the engagement in goal-directed behavior that leads to progress in personal goal attainment; it is considered one of the adaptive personal characteristics. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE Three studies, including an initial study to develop and select the items (Study 1), an intensive longitudinal study (Study 2), and a multiple goal evaluation study (Study 3), tested factorial structure, reliability and validity of the measure. RESULTS Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional structure of the DGRS (obtained in Study 1) both at the individual and goal level, captured as daily goal realization (Study 2) and as multiple goal realization (Study 3). The validity of the DGRS was supported by meaningful associations with other goal evaluations (Study 3). As expected, the DGRS was positively related to evaluations of progress in goal achievement, engagement, likelihood of success, and goal importance. The DGRS also demonstrated measurement invariance allowing for meaningful comparisons of scores between men and women. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the DGRS is a brief and reliable idiographic measure of daily goal realization. The scale has excellent internal consistency and good criterion validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Łaguna
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Mielniczuk
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiktor Razmus
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Li X, Sim W, Hill CE. Meaning in life measure: a five-Item short form and its measurement invariance across gender, age, and cultural contexts. Psychother Res 2023; 33:387-400. [PMID: 35844193 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2022.2098077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to develop a revised version of the Meaning In Life Measure (MILM; Hill et al., 2019) and investigate its multilevel measurement invariance at the between-person and within-person levels and multi-group measurement invariance across gender, age, and cultural groups. METHODS We analyzed an international dataset including data from 1600 sessions with 384 clients in five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North America) using multilevel item response theory and multilevel factor analysis. RESULTS We found that the revised 5-item MILM-5 had satisfactory reliability and structural validity with the overall sample. Further, it demonstrated measurement invariance across the between- and within-person levels, and also across gender and age groups. Across representative countries within continents, the MILM-5 had the same overall factor structure but all factor loadings and item intercepts significantly differed across cultural contexts. Implications are discussed regarding the assessment of meaning in life in international clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wonjin Sim
- Department of Psychology, Towson University, Maryland, USA
| | - Clara E Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland-College Park, Maryland, USA
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Conroy DE, Wu J, Lee AM, Brunke-Reese D, Lagoa CM. Dose-response relations between the frequency of two types of momentary feedback prompts and daily physical activity. Health Psychol 2023; 42:151-160. [PMID: 36862471 PMCID: PMC10015600 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-monitoring and behavioral feedback are widely used to help people monitor progress toward daily physical activity goals. Little information exists about the optimal dosing parameters for these techniques or if they are interchangeable in digital physical activity interventions. This study used a within-person experimental design to evaluate associations between the frequency of two different prompt types (one for each technique) and daily physical activity. METHOD Insufficiently active young adults were assigned monthly physical activity goals and wore smartwatches with activity trackers for 3 months. They received zero to six randomly selected and timed watch-based prompts each day, with individual prompts either providing behavioral feedback or prompting the participant to self-monitor. RESULTS Physical activity increased significantly over the 3-month period (step counts d = 1.03; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration d = 0.99). Mixed linear models revealed that daily step counts were positively associated with the frequency of daily self-monitoring prompts up to approximately three prompts/day (d = 0.22) after which additional prompts provided minimal or reduced benefit. Daily step counts were not associated with the frequency of behavioral feedback prompts. Daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was not associated with the frequency of either prompt. CONCLUSIONS Self-monitoring and behavioral feedback are not interchangeable behavior change techniques in digital physical activity interventions, and only self-monitoring prompts show signs of a dose-response association with physical activity volume. Activity trackers, such as smartwatches and mobile apps, should provide an option to replace behavioral feedback prompts with self-monitoring prompts to promote physical activity among insufficiently active young adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Jingchuan Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Alexandra M Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Constantino M Lagoa
- School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University
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Bolarinwa OA, Seidu AA, Tessema ZT, Adu C, Oyeleye OJ, Ahinkorah BO. Spatial distribution and multilevel analysis of factors associated with child marriage in Nigeria. Int Health 2023; 15:171-181. [PMID: 35593176 PMCID: PMC9977223 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child marriage among women has become a major threat to the rights of women, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The marriage of girls below age 18 y is a major public and global health challenge. Therefore, this study examined the spatial pattern and factors associated with child marriage in Nigeria. METHODS The data were sourced from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The study included a total of 4283 young women aged 20-24 y. The findings were provided in the form of spatial maps and adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Hotspot areas for child marriage in Nigeria were located in Sokoto, Kebbi, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Yobe, Bauchi, Niger, Borno, Gombe, and Adamawa. The prevalence of child marriage in Nigeria was 41.50%. The likelihood of child marriage in Nigeria was high among those currently working (aOR=1.31; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.55) compared with young women who were not working. On the other hand, young women whose partners had secondary education and above (aOR=0.57; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.73) were less likely to report child marriage in Nigeria compared with those whose partners had no education. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study indicate that there are several hotspots in Nigeria that need to be targeted when implementing interventions aimed at eliminating child marriage in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.,Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Collins Adu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.,Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Olaoye James Oyeleye
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Reyes A, Chaves R, Vasconcelos O, Pereira S, Tani G, Stodden D, Hedeker D, Maia J, Baxter-Jones A. Modeling the Dynamics of Children's Musculoskeletal Fitness. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2938. [PMID: 36833635 PMCID: PMC9958810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study models children's musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) developmental trajectories and identifies individual differences related to effects of time-invariant, as well as time-varying covariates. A total of 348 Portuguese children (177 girls) from six age cohorts were followed for three years. MSF tests (handgrip strength, standing long jump and shuttle run), age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), gross motor coordination (GMC) and physical activity (PA) were assessed. Data were analyzed using multilevel models. Between 5 and 11 years of age, boys outperformed girls in all three MSF tests (p < 0.05). Birth weight was positively associated with shuttle run performance (β = -0.18 ± 0.09, p < 0.05). BMI was positively associated with handgrip strength (β = 0.35 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) and shuttle run performance (β = 0.06 ± 0.01, p < 0.001), but negatively associated with standing long jump performance (β = -0.93 ± 0.23, p < 0.001). GMC was positively associated (p < 0.001) with all three MSF tests, while PA was associated with standing long jump (β = 0.08 ± 0.02, p < 0.05) and shuttle run (β = -0.003 ± 0.002, p < 0.05) performance only. No school environment effects were found, and SES was not related to any MSF tests. Children's MSF development showed a curvilinear shape with increasing age, with boys outperforming girls. Weight status and physical behavior characteristics predicted MSF development, while environmental variables did not. Examining potential longitudinal predictors of MSF across multiple dimensions is important to gain a more holistic understanding of children's physical development as well as to future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reyes
- Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes (ISMAT), 8500-724 Portimão, Portugal
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - David Stodden
- Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adam Baxter-Jones
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada
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de Medeiros AM, Lobo MF, Vieira MDT, Duarte L, Carvalho JPM, Teodoro AC, Claro RM, Gomes NR, Freitas A. Social Vulnerability of Brazilian Metropolitan Schools and Teachers' Absence from Work Due to Vocal and Psychological Symptoms: A Multilevel Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2972. [PMID: 36833667 PMCID: PMC9966546 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Teachers' voices and psychological symptoms are the main reasons for absence from work. The objectives of this study were: (i) to spatially represent, through a webGIS, the standardized rates of teachers' absences due to voice (outcome 1) and psychological symptoms (outcome 2) in each Brazilian Federative Unit (FU = 26 states plus Federal District) and (ii) to analyze the relationship between each national outcome rate and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) of the municipality where urban schools are located, adjusted for sex, age, and working conditions. This cross-sectional study comprised 4979 randomly sampled teachers working in basic education urban schools, of which 83.3% are women. The national absence rates were 17.25% for voice symptoms and 14.93% for psychological symptoms. The rates, SVI, and school locations in the 27 FUs are dynamically visualized in webGIS. The multilevel multivariate logistic regression model showed a positive association between voice outcome and high/very high SVI (OR = 1.05 [1.03; 1.07]), whereas psychological symptoms were negatively associated with high/very high SVI (OR = 0.86 [0.85 0.88]) and positively associated with intermediate SVI (OR = 1.15 [1.13; 1.16]), in contrast with low/very low SVI. Being a woman (voice: OR = 1.36 [1.35; 1.38]; psychological: 1.22 [1.21; 1.24]) and working in schools with various precarious conditions (17 variables) increased the odds of being absent due to voice and psychological symptoms. The results confirm the need for investments to improve working conditions in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Mesquita de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Speech-Language Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fernandes Lobo
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcel de Toledo Vieira
- Department of Statistics and Graduate Program in Economics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Lia Duarte
- Institute of Earth Sciences, FCUP Pole, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Monteiro Carvalho
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Teodoro
- Institute of Earth Sciences, FCUP Pole, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael Moreira Claro
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Nayara Ribeiro Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Speech-Language Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Alberto Freitas
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Rodriguez-Lopez M, Leckie G, Kaufman JS, Merlo J. Multilevel modelling for measuring interaction of effects between multiple categorical variables: An illustrative application using risk factors for preeclampsia. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37:154-164. [PMID: 36357347 PMCID: PMC10098842 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring multiple and higher-order interaction effects between multiple categorical variables proves challenging. OBJECTIVES To illustrate a multilevel modelling approach to studying complex interactions. METHODS We apply a two-level random-intercept linear regression to a binary outcome for individuals (level-1) nested within strata (level-2) defined by all observed combinations of multiple categorical exposure variables. As a pedagogic application, we analyse 36 strata defined by five risk factors of preeclampsia (parity, previous preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, multiple pregnancies, body mass index category) among 652,603 women in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry between 2002 and 2010. RESULTS The absolute risk of preeclampsia was 4% but was predicted to vary from 1% to 44% across strata. The stratum discriminatory accuracy was 30% according to the variance partition coefficient (VPC) and 0.73 according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). While the risk heterogeneity across strata was primarily due to the main effects of the categories defining the strata, 5% of the variation was attributable to their two- and higher-way interaction effects. One stratum presented a positive interaction, and two strata presented negative interaction. CONCLUSIONS Multilevel modelling is an innovative tool for identifying and analysing higher-order interaction effects. Further work is needed to explore how this approach can best be applied to making causal inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merida Rodriguez-Lopez
- Unit for Social Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - George Leckie
- Unit for Social Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juan Merlo
- Unit for Social Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
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Saiki M, Takemura Y, Kunie K. Relationship between Unit-Level Nurses' Expectations from Nursing Assistant Roles and Individual Nursing Assistants' Information-Sharing Behaviors: A Multilevel Mediation Analysis. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2023; 17:1-7. [PMID: 36481418 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expectations of unit-level nurses from nursing assistants (NAs), frequency of individual NAs' information-sharing behaviors with nurses, and the effect of NAs' self-perceived roles on this relationship. NAs provide patient care along with nurses, and their information-sharing behaviors with nurses may be influenced by the expectations of the nurses. METHODS Nurses and NAs from 104 integrated community care (sub- and postacute) units were included in this Japanese cross-sectional study conducted from July to September 2018. Nurses' expectations from NAs and the NAs' self-perceived roles and information-sharing frequency were measured. Multilevel mediation analysis was performed for NAs' information-sharing behaviors, such as expressing, asking, providing linguistic responses, and providing feedback. RESULTS Unit-level nurses' expectations from NAs were associated with the frequency of NAs' asking and responding behaviors with nurses (p < .05), mediated by the NAs' self-perceived roles. The frequency of NAs' expressing behaviors and feedback were also associated with their self-perceived roles (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS High expectations of unit-level nurses from NAs led to better perception by NAs of their roles and led to better information-sharing behaviors. Educating nurses on NAs' roles may improve information-sharing between nurses and NAs that leads to safe and appropriate care to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Saiki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Nursing, Frontier Clinical Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Japan; Department of Nursing Administration, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukie Takemura
- Nursing Department, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Keiko Kunie
- Department of Nursing Administration, School of Nursing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan; Department of Nursing Administration, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Brisebois A, Brambati SM, Rochon E, Leonard C, Marcotte K. The longitudinal trajectory of discourse from the hyperacute to the chronic phase in mild to moderate poststroke aphasia recovery: A case series study. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2023. [PMID: 36705070 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discourse analysis has recently received much attention in the aphasia literature. Even if post-stroke language recovery occurs throughout the longitudinal continuum of recovery, very few studies have documented discourse changes from the hyperacute to the chronic phases of recovery. AIMS To document a multilevel analysis of discourse changes from the hyperacute phase to the chronic phase of post-stroke recovery using a series of single cases study designs. METHODS & PROCEDURES Four people with mild to moderate post-stroke aphasia underwent four assessments (hyperacute: 0-24 h; acute: 24-72 h; subacute: 7-14 days; and chronic: 6-12 months post-onset). Three discourse tasks were performed at each time point: a picture description, a personal narrative and a story retelling. Multilevel changes in terms of macro- and microstructural aspects were analysed. The results of each discourse task were combined for each time point. Individual effect sizes were computed to evaluate the relative strength of changes in an early and a late recovery time frame. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Macrostructural results revealed improvements throughout the recovery continuum in terms of coherence and thematic efficiency. Also, the microstructural results demonstrated linguistic output improvement for three out of four participants. Namely, lexical diversity and the number of correct information units/min showed a greater gain in the early compared with the late recovery phase. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS This study highlights the importance of investigating all discourse processing levels as the longitudinal changes in discourse operate differently at each phase of recovery. Overall results support future longitudinal discourse investigation in people with post-stroke aphasia. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject Multi-level discourse analysis allows for in-depth analysis of underlying discourse processes. To date, very little is known on the longitudinal discourse changes from aphasia onset through to the chronic stage of recovery. This study documents multi-level discourse features in four people with mild to moderate aphasia in the hyperacute, acute, subacute and chronic stage of post-stroke aphasia recovery. What this paper adds to existing knowledge The study found that most discourse variables demonstrated improvement throughout time. Macrostructural variables of coherence and thematic units improved throughout the continuum whereas microstructural variables demonstrated greater gains in the early compared to the late period of recovery. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? This study suggests that multilevel discourse analysis will allow a better understanding of post-stroke aphasia recovery, although more research is needed to determine the clinical utility of these findings. Future research may wish to investigate longitudinal discourse recovery in a larger sample of people with aphasia with heterogenous aphasia profiles and severities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Brisebois
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simona Maria Brambati
- Département de psychologie, Faculté des arts et des sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Rochon
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation, Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Leonard
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation, Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karine Marcotte
- École d'orthophonie et d'audiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Schuurman BB, Vossen CJ, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Lousberg RL. Does baseline EEG activity differ in the transition to or from a chronic pain state? A longitudinal study. Pain Pract 2023. [PMID: 36661483 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Identifying EEG brain markers might yield better mechanistic insights into how chronic pain develops and could be treated. An existing longitudinal EEG study gave us the opportunity to determine whether the development of pain is accompanied by less alpha power-ie, a "relaxed" brain state-and vice versa. METHODS Five-minute resting EEG with the eyes open was measured 2 times in 95 subjects at T0 (baseline) and T1 (6 months later). Based on the Short-Form Health Survey and Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire, subjects were divided into 4 groups: staying pain-free (n = 44), developing chronic pain (n = 8), becoming pain-free (n = 15), and ongoing chronic pain (n = 28). The EEG data of 14 electrodes were analyzed by multilevel regression. RESULTS The group that developed chronic pain demonstrated less power in the lower-frequency bands over time during the resting state EEG, whereas the transition to a pain-free state had the opposite pattern. Thus, the a priori hypothesis was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Transitions in pain states are linked to a change in baseline EEG activity. Future research is needed to replicate these results in a larger study sample and in targeted clinical populations. Furthermore, these results might be beneficial in optimizing neurofeedback algorithms for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt B Schuurman
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine J Vossen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Therese A M J van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Richel L Lousberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Sandu D. Contextualising planned behaviours to the vaccination against COVID-19 in the European Union. Int Sociol 2023; 38:22-45. [PMID: 38603452 PMCID: PMC9749066 DOI: 10.1177/02685809221137783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The article targets the reasons that are behind behaviour orientation in the vaccination process against COVID-19. The data we are using come from the Flash Eurobarometer 494, collected in May 2021. The key dependent variable puts together vaccination intentions (soon, later on in 2021, undecided, later, never) and the fact of being vaccinated or not. A multivariate and multilevel analysis confirms the validity of an extended theory of planned behaviour in explaining the orientation to the vaccination against COVID-19. The space patterning of the behaviours is highly marked by differences among Old versus the New Member States of the European Union, clusters of countries, urban versus rural areas, and also by a function of trust in relevant institutions, and customs of using vaccination to cope with different diseases as an adult. New questions and hypotheses are generated by multiple comparisons.
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50
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Inoue T, Nishikubo T, Hirano S, Kamamoto T, Takahashi Y, Kusuda S. Risk factor analyses for intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants: A retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Int 2023; 65:e15599. [PMID: 37551656 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants can experience severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) that can lead to life-long disability by impairing neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to identify the risk and protective factors for severe IVH in VLBW infants. METHODS A retrospective, cross-sectional review of VLBW infants born at 22-28 weeks' gestation between January 2003 and December 2012 and listed in the Database of Neonatal Research Network in Japan was performed using a statistical model incorporating an odds ratio (OR) and medical center variation as a center variance ratio (CVR). A two-dimensional analysis using a combination of OR and the CVR described evolving measures of a clinical trial (for OR > 1) and standardization (for CVR > 1) concerning a factor of interest. RESULTS The noteworthy significant protective factors were antenatal steroids (ANS) with and without premature rupture of membrane (OR: 0.43, CVR: 1.08, and OR: 0.68, CVR: 1.14, respectively) and the number of neonatal beds (OR: 0.94, CVR: 0.99) and staff nurses per neonatal bed (OR: 0.89, CVR: 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Active promotion of ANS administration and consolidation of perinatal medical centers can mitigate the development of severe IVH in VLBW infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Inoue
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nishikubo
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medical Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shinya Hirano
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamamoto
- Neonatal Intensive Care, Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medical Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Kusuda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
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