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Fereidooni F, Daniels JK, Lommen MJJ. Self-regulatory Sex Motives Scale in Online Dating: Exploratory Factor Analysis and Internal Consistency. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241243048. [PMID: 38592309 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241243048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Risky sex behavior is common among online dating users. Understanding the motives behind risky sex behavior might help identify suitable targets for prevention. We developed the Self-regulatory Sex Motives Scale in Online Dating (SSOD) to assess sex motives for casual sex in online dating users. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the SSOD and examined the relationship between sex motives indexed by the SSOD and risky sex behavior. The new scale showed high internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor solution. Sex motives were related to a higher frequency of having sex on the first date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fereidooni
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith K Daniels
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam J J Lommen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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2
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Ma J, Paltin D, Miller-Perusse M, Black A, Baker JV, Horvath KJ. Sexual Racism on Geosocial Networking Applications and Identity Outness Among Sexual Minority Men in the US. J Homosex 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38377340 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2319621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Although the use of geosocial networking (GSN) applications for relationship seeking is prevalent among sexual minority men (SMM), SMM of color may be vulnerable to sexual racism online. Little is known about how sexual racism relates to SMM of color's identity outness, which is integral to the minority stress model and the focus of this study. Eighty SMM, recruited through social media (53.7% racial/ethnic minority), reported their experiences of race-based discrimination on GSN apps and identity outness. Chi-squared and Fisher's tests examined differences in race-based discrimination online by participants' race/ethnicity. A factorial MANOVA was performed on outness to family, peers, and healthcare providers. Nearly one-third of participants experienced race-based discrimination online. Higher percentages of SMM of color experienced race-based discrimination than White SMM. SMM who experienced race-based discrimination online reported lower outness to family than those who had not. Post-hoc analyses revealed that Asian SMM reported consistently lower outness than other groups. Our findings resonated with the mediation framework of minority stress, suggesting that sexual racism online may be a distal stressor that contributes to the group-specific process of identity outness. This also illustrated the importance of addressing sexual racism on GSN apps to buffer existing stress with outness among SMM of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Ma
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dafna Paltin
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael Miller-Perusse
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ashley Black
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jason V Baker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Keith J Horvath
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Bonilla-Zorita G, Griffiths MD, Kuss DJ. Dating App Use and Wellbeing: An Application-Based Pilot Study Employing Ecological Momentary Assessment and Objective Measures of Use. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20095631. [PMID: 37174151 PMCID: PMC10178613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Smartphones are part of individuals' daily lifestyles, as are smartphone applications such as dating apps. Previous evidence suggests that high engagement in dating applications can be detrimental to some users' wellbeing. However, much of the published research has relied on cross-sectional studies and self-report measures. Therefore, the present study aims to overcome the limitations of subjective measures in cross-sectional designs by investigating for the first time the relationship between dating app users' wellbeing (self-esteem, craving and mood) and objective measures of their use during a one-week period. To do this, the present study employed a newly developed application, DiaryMood and utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA), as it measured subjects' mood, self-esteem and craving three times per day and the time spent using the dating apps per day during one week. A convenience sample of 22 online dating app users participated in the present study. Findings from a three-level multilevel analysis indicated that increased time spent on dating apps predicted craving among dating app users and that notifications led to an improved mood and higher self-esteem. The results are discussed in relation to previous online dating studies. In sum, the present study sets a precedent for the use of EMA within the scope of online dating research, which may promote further studies adopting this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bonilla-Zorita
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Daria J Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Cyberpsychology Research Group, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
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Fereidooni F, Daniels J, Lommen M. Predictors of Revictimization in Online Dating. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP23057-NP23074. [PMID: 35227116 PMCID: PMC9679550 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211073715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: While a significant association between childhood maltreatment and sexual victimization in adulthood has been established in previous research, it is unknown whether this also applies to the context of online dating. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether revictimization is common in online users and which mechanisms mediate this risk. Method: The participants were 413 heterosexual women aged between 18 and 35 who used mobile dating applications in the year before the assessment. The participants reported information on using mobile dating applications, motives for engaging in casual sex, protective dating strategies, and general motives for online dating. Results: Childhood maltreatment severity was positively related to both cyber and in-person sexual victimization severity. Motives related to regulating negative affect and self-esteem mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment severity and in-person sexual victimization severity in adulthood. Furthermore, those motives moderated the association between cyber and in-person sexual victimization. The effect of cyber victimization on in-person sexual victimization was stronger at higher levels of affect/self-esteem regulatory sex motives compared to lower levels. The affect/self-esteem regulatory sex motives were not related to protective dating strategies. Discussion: The results of the study imply that a history of childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for sexual victimization in adulthood among young heterosexual women who use online dating. One of the factors linking these variables in this population might be affect/self-esteem regulatory sex motives. Future studies should aim at replicating these associations prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Daniels
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Lommen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
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5
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Coffey JK, Bond DK, Stern JA, Van Why N. Sexual Experiences and Attachment Styles in Online and Offline Dating Contexts. Int J Sex Health 2022; 34:665-678. [PMID: 36776752 PMCID: PMC9916622 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 50% of adults under age 29 report using some form of online dating to find sexual partners or romantic relationships. Limited evidence suggests online and offline dating behaviors and experiences can vary. We aimed to expand understanding these differences by examining how attachment styles are associated with online and offline search for partners and emotional responses to sexual experiences. In a sample of single adults (N = 247; M age= 27.34), we examine how attachment styles relate to individual differences in how people search for partners and respond to sexual experiences with partners met online and offline. Individuals high in attachment anxiety reported higher use of online dating apps and more negative experiences (e.g., lower satisfaction, more guilt) following their most recent sexual encounters with partners met online and offline, and reported feeling more used after engaging in sexual activity specifically with partners met offline. Individuals high in avoidance also reported more negative experiences following their most recent sexual encounters, but only with partners met offline. This study moves our understanding by highlighting nuances in how attachment insecurity is associated with differences in online dating app use and emotions following sexual experiences when meeting partners online and offline.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Coffey
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Psychology Department, Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, USA
| | - D. Kyle Bond
- 3SHIFT: A Psychological Corporation, A Psychological Corporation, USA
| | - Jessica A. Stern
- Psychology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Natalie Van Why
- Psychology Department, Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, USA
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Witkovic YD, Kim HC, Bright DJ, Tan JY. Recruiting Black Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) Couples via Dating Apps: Pilot Study on Challenges and Successes. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e31901. [PMID: 35394432 PMCID: PMC9034429 DOI: 10.2196/31901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV disproportionately impacts Black men who have sex with men (MSM), and targeting the primary relationship (ie, couples) using mobile technology for health holds promise for HIV prevention. Web-based recruitment of MSM is commonly employed in HIV prevention and intervention research. However, little known about recruiting Black MSM couples on the internet in the United States. Objective This study describes the process of recruiting Black MSM couples over social networking and dating apps frequented by MSM. We describe the activities for recruiting, screening, and enrolling participants as part of a randomized trial employing a multipronged recruitment approach. Methods Black MSM in couples were recruited via three apps (ie, Jack’d, Adam4Adam, and Growlr) between May 2020 and March 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Black MSM couples were eligible if one or both partners are Black, MSM, and living with HIV, and if both partners were 18 years or older, and have been together for at least 2 months in what they both consider a primary relationship (ie, one in which both partners reported feeling most committed to over any other partner or relationship). Results A total of 10 Black MSM couples (n=20) were enrolled via social networking apps. App recruitment activities were a combination of passive (eg, in-app advertisements) and active (eg, direct messaging of users) engagement. Recruitment approaches varied by the social networking app owing to differences in app features. A full-time recruiter experienced challenges such as bugs (ie, technical errors in computer program or system), navigating technical requirements specific to each app, and web-based harassment. Conclusions Despite challenges, it was possible to recruit Black MSM couples virtually into research as part of a multipronged recruitment strategy. We identify tips for using web-based dating and other social networking apps as part of a recruitment strategy in future research with Black MSM couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Darin Witkovic
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Hyunjin Cindy Kim
- Division of Prevention Science, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Darius Jovon Bright
- Division of Prevention Science, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Judy Y Tan
- Division of Prevention Science, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Sharabi LL, Uhlich M, Alexopoulos C, Timmermans E. Exploring Links Between Online Infidelity, Mate Poaching Intentions, and the Likelihood of Meeting Offline. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2021; 24:450-456. [PMID: 34171960 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study examines digitally enabled mate poaching on Ashley Madison, an online dating platform for extradyadic affairs. To explore mate poaching as a potential explanation for what drives users of Ashley Madison to transition their online relationships to offline encounters, we conducted a multinational survey of 1,676 users (88.5 percent male, Mage = 50.98). Participants provided open-ended data about their mate poaching objectives, which ranged from short-term sexual encounters to long-term sexual and emotional affairs and new exclusive relationships. Structural equation modeling showed that participants' attitudes toward online infidelity predicted whether they would consider meeting someone from the website in person. Mate poaching intentions also mediated the effect of attitudes toward online infidelity on the likelihood of meeting another user face to face in the future. The results extend evolutionary theories of mate poaching to the digital dating environment and demonstrate the value of these perspectives for explaining relationship initiation practices on infidelity websites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesel L Sharabi
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Cassandra Alexopoulos
- Communication Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisabeth Timmermans
- Department of Media and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Weser VU, Opara I, Sands BE, Fernandes CSF, Hieftje KD. How Black Teen Girls Navigate Social Media to Form Romantic Relationships. Soc Media Soc 2021; 7:10.1177/20563051211033823. [PMID: 34858631 PMCID: PMC8634895 DOI: 10.1177/20563051211033823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the use of social media within the context of heterosexual Black teen girls' romantic partner selection processes. To better understand Black teen girls' experiences, five focus groups (N = 27; aged 14-18 years) were conducted over Zoom. An inductive thematic analysis revealed four major themes: (1) the use of different platforms to gather different types of information, (2) the rules of social media scouting, (3) detecting partner qualities through social media, and (4) exploring Black teen girls' experience with social media and dating. Participants in our study primarily used Instagram to understand a potential partner's true self, while Twitter was used to assess a potential partner's political leanings. Our participants shared numerous "rules" related to the partner-scouting process. Black teen girls in our study explained that photos index a potential partner's style and hygiene, while memes were used to gauge sense of humor compatibility. More specific to Black teen girls, across all focus groups, participants shared their experiences of racism and bias, such as being associated with Black stereotypes, cultural invalidation, and being accused of "acting White." Although teen girls of various racial and ethnic groups may use social media to vet romantic partners, findings reveal that Black teen girls navigate social media in a unique way, including being highly attuned to signs of bias. Our findings suggest that in the first few months of COVID-19 social distancing had little impact on our participant's practice of using social media to vet potential romantic partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica U. Weser
- Yale School of Medicine, USA
- Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, USA
| | - Ijeoma Opara
- SUNY Stony Brook University, USA
- Yale School of Public Health, USA
| | - Brandon E. Sands
- Yale School of Medicine, USA
- Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, USA
| | | | - Kimberly D. Hieftje
- Yale School of Medicine, USA
- Yale Center for Health & Learning Games, USA
- Yale School of Public Health, USA
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9
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Flesia L, Fietta V, Foresta C, Monaro M. Cigarette Smoking and Dating App Use: Findings from a Survey in a Sample of Adults in Italy. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:557-569. [PMID: 34708835 PMCID: PMC8314363 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing studies in the literature indicate an association between the use of dating apps and substance-related behaviours (i.e., alcohol consumption, drug consumption). However, to date, no studies investigated the relation between dating app use and smoking. This study aims to explore this association. A total of 1278 respondents completed an online ad hoc questionnaire assessing demographics, smoking habits, dating app use, motivations for using dating apps. Multiple logistic regression analyses were run to investigate the relation between demographics and dating apps use on tobacco consumption. Being active user was significantly associated with being smoker, light daily and moderate-to-heavy smoker. Among users, using apps with the motive of searching for friends accounted for lower odds of smoking, light daily smoking and moderate-to-heavy smoking. However, heavy dating app users were less likely to smoke, to be light daily smokers and to be moderate-to-heavy smokers. The study indicates an association between using the apps and smoking, suggesting that motives for using the apps and intensity of use may moderate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Flesia
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-340-1535924
| | - Valentina Fietta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Merylin Monaro
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (V.F.); (M.M.)
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Lakey B, Brummans J, Obreiter A, Hubbard SA, Vander Molen RJ, Fles EH, Andrews J, Woods WC, Hesse C, Gildner B, Forster K, Lutz R, Maley M. When Forecasting Mutually Supportive Matches Will Be Practically Impossible. Psychol Sci 2021; 32:780-788. [PMID: 33901409 DOI: 10.1177/0956797620984460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Forecasting which dyads will develop mutually supportive relationships is an important applied and basic research question. Applying psychometric theory to the design of forecasting studies shows that agreement between dyad members about their relationship (relational reciprocity) sets an upper limit for forecasting accuracy by determining the reliability of measurement. To test this, we estimated relational reciprocity in Study 1. Participants in seven samples (six student and one military; N = 504; Ndyads = 766) rated each other on support-related constructs in round-robin designs. Relational reciprocity was very low, undermining reliability. Formulas from psychometric theory predicted that forecasting supportive dyads would be practically impossible. To test this, we had participants in Study 2 complete a measure for matching dyads derived from recent theory. As predicted, supportive matches could not be forecast with acceptable precision. Theoretically, this falsifies some predictions of recent social-support theory. Practically, it remains unclear how to translate basic social-support research into effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lakey
- Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University
| | | | - Amy Obreiter
- Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Calvin Hesse
- Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University
| | | | - Kevin Forster
- Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University
| | - Rachel Lutz
- Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University
| | - Morgan Maley
- Department of Psychology, Grand Valley State University
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Blackhart GC, Hernandez DK, Wilson E, Hance MA. The Impact of Rejection Sensitivity on Self-Disclosure Within the Context of Online Dating. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2021; 24:690-694. [PMID: 33606556 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that rejection sensitive individuals may find it easier to express their true selves in an online environment. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which rejection sensitivity (RS) and true self influence self-disclosure within the context of online dating. We collected data from a total of 1,295 individuals who completed an online survey. For those who engaged in online dating, RS was not directly related to self-disclosure in online dating profiles or in communicating with individuals met through online dating sites/apps, but true self was. In addition, there was an indirect relationship between RS and self-disclosure in the context of online dating through true self. These findings suggest that rejection sensitive individuals who feel more comfortable revealing aspects of their "true" selves online may be more likely to engage in self-disclosure within the context of online dating, which could potentially offer some clue as to why rejection sensitive individuals may be somewhat more likely to engage in online dating than less rejection sensitive individuals. That is, rejection sensitive individuals are perhaps more likely to engage in online dating because it may facilitate representation of their "true" selves and may thus increase dating success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginette C Blackhart
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daisy K Hernandez
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wilson
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Margaret A Hance
- Department of Psychology, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
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12
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Spielmann SS, Gahman KP. Detectability and desirability of fear of being single in online dating profiles. J Pers 2020; 89:531-548. [PMID: 33000473 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Those who fear being single generally do not have difficulty attracting prospective partners. The present research explores whether this is because daters cannot detect fear of being single, or because detected fear of being single does not hinder desirability. METHOD In Study 1 (N = 235, 60% women, Mage = 36.9), participants created dating profiles then rated the desirability of profiles depicting high versus low fear of being single (high narcissism control). In Study 2 (N = 176, 69% women, Mage = 21.4), participants evaluated fear of being single and desirability of actual profiles. RESULTS Differences in fear of being single were detectable. Furthermore, detecting higher fear of being single predicted lower romantic desirability. Desirability ratings were due, in part, to estimating lower physical attractiveness (Study 2). Perceivers' own fear of being single moderated effects, such that those higher in fear of being single were not deterred by higher fear of being single. CONCLUSIONS Fear of being single may be detectable when online dating, but desirability of detected fear of being single varies depending on perceiver traits and may be driven in part by misperceptions of physical attractiveness. This research sheds light on challenges for those who fear being single as they attempt to attract mates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin P Gahman
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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13
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Abstract
With a swipe, click, or delete, people are now able to seek and sustain romance in unprecedented ways. The emerging research shows that cyberintimacy, or the phenomenon of technology-mediated communication between partners and potential romantic interests, significantly impacts the way we form, maintain, and even extinguish romantic relationships. Hence, this scoping review aims to (a) delineate how our use of technology-mediated communication is associated with specific outcomes (e.g., satisfaction and quality) throughout the romantic relationship lifecycle, and (b) identify emerging themes in the research. Adhering to Arksey and O'Mayley's six-step framework methodology, we performed a systematic database search, literature screening, and qualitative synthesis of the findings. Seventy-two studies were selected from a pool of 4,062 articles derived from a systematic search of six academic databases. The findings show that cyberintimacy has a profound impact on outcomes in three crucial stages of the relationship lifecycle-from the way people find and field partners online through the process of initiation; to the means by which partners use technology to perform relationship maintenance; and finally, the ways in which people cope with the process of dissolution by using technology to reclaim a sense of agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Kwok
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Annie B Wescott
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Chattopadhyay S, Kumar M, Singh OP, Talukdar P. Effect of Internet addiction on marital life. Ind Psychiatry J 2020; 29:268-271. [PMID: 34158711 PMCID: PMC8188910 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_76_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Certain behaviors exceed to an extent such that control becomes difficult and tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal are evident, it is regarded as behavior addiction. Internet addiction is defined as "the forced and excessive use of the Internet and the irritation that occurs when the Internet is deprived." Internet connects people to the World Wide Web and provides an easy escape for people from their immediate environment and people tend to move away from their intimate relations. AIMS We intend to find the effect of Internet addiction on marital life. SETTINGS AND DESIGN It was a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling from the community. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Standardized instruments were used for the assessment of Internet addiction and marital satisfaction. The correlation was estimated and the level of significance was calculated. The marriage quality scale by Shah was used as an instrument for marital satisfaction. Youngs Internet addiction test was used for checking for the presence of Internet addiction. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The mean, standard deviation, and correlation were estimated and the level of significance calculated. RESULTS Regular users of the Internet had a relative risk of 52.5% with 1.5% showing severe addiction. Trust, dominance, and dissolution potential did not show a significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS The risk of Internet addiction was high among regular internet users. The level of psychological comorbidity was also high. It affected marital satisfaction adversely. However, trust, dominance, and dissolution potential were least affected. In the case of marital disharmony, Internet addiction needs to be looked at as an etiological factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, IPGMER, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Payel Talukdar
- Department of Psychiatry, BMCH, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Krishnamurti T, Davis AL, Fischhoff B. Inferring Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk From Attractiveness in Online Dating Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Exploratory Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e14242. [PMID: 32442128 PMCID: PMC7313732 DOI: 10.2196/14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates are on the rise among adolescents and young adults in the United States. With the popularity of online dating, adolescents and young adults must increasingly rely on limited cues to make initial judgments about potential sexual partners, including judgments about STI risk. Objective This study aimed to assess whether in the context of online dating, an attractiveness heuristic would be used for STI risk assessment. We hypothesized that consistent with research on halo effects, decision makers would judge more attractive people to be less likely to have STIs. Methods In a survey experiment, we asked participants to determine which individual in each of 20 sets of paired photographs was enrolled in a personals website for people with publicly disclosed STIs. Results Despite financial incentives for accuracy and high levels of self-confidence in their judgments, participants performed no better than chance at identifying individuals with self-reported STIs. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, more attractive people were judged as being more likely to have an STI. This relationship appears to be mediated by inferences regarding the target individual’s sexual behavior, with more attractive individuals considered to have more partners. Conclusions On showing adolescents and young adults photographs offering no diagnostic information about STIs, they appeared to use attractiveness as a cue for sexual risk, which was mediated by the belief that attractive individuals have more sexual opportunities. Health care providers may wish to address this heuristic process among their adolescent patients in discussions about sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Krishnamurti
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alexander L Davis
- Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Baruch Fischhoff
- Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Institute for Politics and Strategy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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16
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Timmermans E, Alexopoulos C. Anxiously Searching for Love (Among Other Things): Attachment Orientation and Mobile Dating Application Users' Motives and Outcomes. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2020; 23:447-452. [PMID: 32345053 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study explores how attachment orientation (i.e., people's characteristic approach to close relationships) is associated with dating application (app) users' motives and outcomes. We collected data from 395 current dating app users. Regression analyses showed that attachment anxiety positively predicted all dating app motives, whereas attachment avoidance positively predicted traveling, but negatively predicted pass time/entertainment. Logistic regression analyses showed a decreased likelihood for people with higher scores on attachment anxiety to meet up with other dating app users. In a similar vein, a decreased likelihood to meet up with other dating app users while in a committed relationship was found for both individuals with higher scores on anxious attachment and avoidant attachment. Finally, higher scores on anxious attachment and avoidant attachment were significantly related to reporting a higher number of romantic relationships and friendships with other dating app users, whereas only higher scores on anxious attachment were related to reporting a higher number of casual sexual experiences while being single and while in a committed relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Timmermans
- Department of Media & Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cassandra Alexopoulos
- Communication Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Abstract
Online dating is continually on the rise and nowadays a widely used and accepted way to find different kinds of companionship. This relatively new interpersonal phenomenon has provided an especially important virtual space for non-heterosexuals. Previous research on behaviors and trends on dating communities online for sexual minorities has focused primarily on sites for gay men in Anglo-Saxon countries. The purpose of the present study is to examine self-presentations on the Nordic LGBTQ online dating scene and possible gender-dependent differences in self-presentation. The Nordic countries are commonly perceived as progressive in issues regarding gender equality and LGBTQ rights. The countries on average also have low population density with large rural areas and consequently limited scenes for non-heterosexuals. A testimony of this is the study's selected dating site, which is based in Sweden but encompasses the neighboring countries and markets itself as a Nordic meeting venue. The present study embarks on new territory within psychology-, gender-, and queer research by examining self-presentations on a mixed-gender LGBTQ dating site, situated in the supposedly liberal Nordic countries. Based on qualitative and quantitative data from a stratified sample of 716 cis-gendered, predominantly Swedish online dating profiles, on a well-established Nordic online dating site for non-heterosexual men and women, statistical calculations and a thematic analysis (TA) were executed. The findings show that central self-presentations concern mind versus body, lust and longings, and boundaries, where gender frequently functions as the dividing line. Women self-present more through personality and romantic longings compared to men, who to a higher degree emphasizes body, and lust. Self-presentation is also expressed through resistance against boundary-breaking contact on the site. The boundaries that are guarded regard age, anti-racism and most pronounced - boundaries against male harassment of non-heterosexual women. The implications of self-presentation, possible discrimination and misrepresentation on the Nordic LGBTQ online dating scene are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Louise Miller
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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18
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Andrighetto L, Riva P, Gabbiadini A. Lonely hearts and angry minds: Online dating rejection increases male (but not female) hostility. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:571-581. [PMID: 31187506 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present work explores the hostile tendencies elicited by romantic rejection in the increasingly common context of online dating. To empirically investigate this issue, we created an ad hoc online dating platform in which fictitious online dating partners romantically rejected heterosexual male and female participants. Results revealed that male-but not female-participants who were rejected by desired dating partners displayed increased hostility. This pattern of findings was consistent across different measures, which considered both aggressive tendencies against the rejecting partners and hostile attitudes against the opposite gender. Further, increased feelings of anger explained the relationship between online romantic rejection and increased male hostility. Our work and its findings have both theoretical and methodological implications for the understanding of interpersonal processes in online interactions and the growing body of literature on online dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Andrighetto
- Department of Educational Science University of Genova Genoa Italy
| | - Paolo Riva
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
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19
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Lykens J, Pilloton M, Silva C, Schlamm E, Wilburn K, Pence E. Google for Sexual Relationships: Mixed-Methods Study on Digital Flirting and Online Dating Among Adolescent Youth and Young Adults. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2019; 5:e10695. [PMID: 31099335 PMCID: PMC6542251 DOI: 10.2196/10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background According to a 2015 report from the Pew Research Center, nearly 24% of teens go online almost constantly and 92% of teens are accessing the internet daily; consequently, a large part of adolescent romantic exploration has moved online, where young people are turning to the Web for romantic relationship-building and sexual experience. This digital change in romantic behaviors among youth has implications for public health and sexual health programs, but little is known about the ways in which young people use online spaces for sexual exploration. An examination of youth sexual health and relationships online and the implications for adolescent health programs has yet to be fully explored. Objective Although studies have documented increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections and HIV among young people, many programs continue to neglect online spaces as avenues for understanding sexual exploration. Little is known about the online sexual health practices of young people, including digital flirting and online dating. This study explores the current behaviors and opinions of youth throughout online sexual exploration, relationship-building, and online dating, further providing insights into youth behavior for intervention opportunities. Methods From January through December 2016, an exploratory study titled TECHsex used a mixed-methods approach to document information-seeking behaviors and sexual health building behaviors of youth online in the United States. Data from a national quantitative survey of 1500 youth and 12 qualitative focus groups (66 youth) were triangulated to understand the experiences and desires of young people as they navigate their sexual relationships through social media, online chatting, and online dating. Results Young people are using the internet to begin sexual relationships with others, including dating, online flirting, and hooking up. Despite the fact that dating sites have explicit rules against minor use, under 18 youth are using these products regardless in order to make friends and begin romantic relationships, albeit at a lower rate than their older peers (19.0% [64/336] vs 37.8% [440/1163], respectively). Nearly 70% of youth who have used online dating sites met up with someone in person (44.78% [30/67] under 18 vs 74.0% [324/438] over 18). Focus group respondents provided further context into online sexual exploration; many learned of sex through pornography, online dating profiles, or through flirting on social media. Social media played an important role in vetting potential partners and beginning romantic relationships. Youth also reported using online dating and flirting despite fears of violence or catfishing, in which online profiles are used to deceive others. Conclusions Youth are turning to online spaces to build sexual relationships, particularly in areas where access to peers is limited. Although online dating site use is somewhat high, more youth turn to social media for online dating. Sexual relationship-building included online flirting and online dating websites and/or apps. These findings have implications for future sexual health programs interested in improving the sexual health outcomes of young people. Researchers may be neglecting to include social media as potential sources of youth hookup culture and dating. We implore researchers and organizations to consider the relationships young people have with technology in order to more strategically use these platforms to create successful and youth-centered programs to improve sexual health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lykens
- Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Cara Silva
- Youth Tech Health, Oakland, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Emma Pence
- Youth Tech Health, Oakland, CA, United States
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20
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Gavin J, Rees-Evans D, Brosnan M. Shy Geek, Likes Music, Technology, and Gaming: An Examination of Autistic Males' Online Dating Profiles. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2019; 22:344-348. [PMID: 30939034 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dating involves a range of complex social skills that autistic adults can often find challenging. Many autistic adults have turned to online dating, which in theory may ameliorate these social difficulties. The aim of this study was to explore, for the first time, how autistic males describe themselves in online dating profiles. The online dating profiles of 52 self-identified autistic males were analyzed using a combination of frequency and thematic analyses. A common pattern of self-description was identified, involving a combination of both desirable and undesirable characteristics. Themes included interests, negative descriptions of personality, ideal match, and autism. Findings are discussed in terms of desirability, the norms of online dating, and the benefits and costs of computer-mediated communication for autistic male online daters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Gavin
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Daisie Rees-Evans
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brosnan
- 2 Department of Psychology, Centre for Applied Autism Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
We study the structure of heterosexual dating markets in the United States through an analysis of the interactions of several million users of a large online dating website, applying recently developed network analysis methods to the pattern of messages exchanged among users. Our analysis shows that the strongest driver of romantic interaction at the national level is simple geographic proximity, but at the local level, other demographic factors come into play. We find that dating markets in each city are partitioned into submarkets along lines of age and ethnicity. Sex ratio varies widely between submarkets, with younger submarkets having more men and fewer women than older ones. There is also a noticeable tendency for minorities, especially women, to be younger than the average in older submarkets, and our analysis reveals how this kind of racial stratification arises through the messaging decisions of both men and women. Our study illustrates how network techniques applied to online interactions can reveal the aggregate effects of individual behavior on social structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Bruch
- Department of Sociology and Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, and Santa Fe Institute
| | - M E J Newman
- Department of Physics and Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, and Santa Fe Institute
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22
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Card KG, Lachowsky NJ, Gislason MG, Hogg RS, Roth EA. A Narrative Review of Internet Use, Interpersonal Connectedness, and Sexual Behaviour Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Homosex 2018; 67:265-283. [PMID: 30582736 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2018.1536418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have often considered the impact that online dating has had on gay communities; with some arguing that changes in social behavior may impact the spread of HIV. However, these conclusions are based on the premise that the Internet has fundamentally changed the way gay and bisexual men connect with their communities. Addressing this issue, we searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies examining Internet use and interpersonal connectedness among gay and bisexual men to determine whether those who used the Internet to find sexual partners exhibited different patterns of community connectedness. Though sporadic, findings suggest that Internet use may be associated with lower gay identity, community attachment, and social embeddedness. However, recent reports have suggested that online sex seeking might be associated with greater, not less, interpersonal connectedness. We conclude that additional longitudinal analyses and consistent measurement of gay men's social behavior are needed to draw more definite conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiffer G Card
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maya G Gislason
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Robert S Hogg
- Faculty of Health Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Eric A Roth
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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23
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Green SM, Turner D, Logan RG. Exploring the Effect of Sharing Common Facebook Friends on the Sexual Risk Behaviors of Tinder Users. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2018; 21:457-462. [PMID: 29995527 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of young adults are using online dating sites and mobile apps. The "common connections" feature on Tinder displays mutual Facebook friends between users and might serve as an unintentional validation of a user's character. This study investigates condom use differences between partners met via mobile dating apps or in-person; and if the "common connections" feature affects the perceived sexual risk Tinder users have toward partners met online. College students who met a partner online or in-person in the past year were recruited from a large metropolitan university to complete an online survey. Participants answered questions about sexual risk behavior, condom use, Tinder use, and the effect "common connections" could have on sexual risk behaviors. The likelihood of condomless vaginal sex was no different if participants met their partner through an app or in-person. Among a subset of participants who reported using Tinder, having "common connections" with a potential date decreased the likelihood that they would talk to their date about HIV (p = 0.004) or STI testing (p = 0.001). The "common connections" feature on Tinder might influence sexual decision-making because users are able to evaluate potential dates based on their social network. Our findings suggest that Tinder users may (1) perceive partners with whom they share "common connections" as familiar or "safe," which may give users a false sense of security about the sexual health risks that a potential date may pose or (2) be hesitant to discuss sexual health matters with partners who are within their sexual network due to fear of potential gossip. Both lines of thought may reduce safer sex behaviors among sex partners who meet on Tinder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M Green
- Department of Community and Family Health, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida
| | - DeAnne Turner
- Department of Community and Family Health, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida
| | - Rachel G Logan
- Department of Community and Family Health, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida
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24
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Abstract
The article explores different ways to conceptualize the relationship between choice and culture. These two notions are often constructed as opposites: while sociologies of modernization (such as Giddens') portray a shift from cultural traditions to culturally disembedded choice, dispositional sociologies (such as Bourdieu's) uncover cultural determination as the hidden truth behind apparent choice. However, choice may be real and cultural simultaneously. Culture moulds choice not only by inculcating dispositions or shaping repertoires of alternatives, but also by offering culturally specific choice practices, ways of choosing embedded in meaning, normativity, and materiality; and by shaping attributions of choice in everyday life. By bringing together insights from rival schools, I portray an outline for a comparative cultural sociology of choice, and demonstrate its purchase while discussing the digitalization of choice; and cultural logics that shape choice attribution in ways opposing neoliberal trends.
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25
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Griffin M, Canevello A, McAnulty RD. Motives and Concerns Associated with Geosocial Networking App Usage: An Exploratory Study Among Heterosexual College Students in the United States. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2018; 21:268-275. [PMID: 29624441 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Geosocial network application (GSNA) use is common among young adults. However, there is little empirical research into patterns of use, motives, and potential concerns among app users. A total of 409 heterosexual students from a public university in the southeast United States participated in an online survey. Sample composition was primarily Caucasian and in their first 2 years of college. Average age was 19.7 years. Results revealed that 39 percent of participants had used a GSN app, and 60 percent of these were regular users. Tinder was the most popular GSNA. Top reasons for app use were for fun (31 percent) and to meet people (11 percent). Very few users reported using them for casual sex encounters (4 percent), although many users (72 percent of men and 22 percent of women) were open to meeting a sexual partner with a GSNA. Regular users were less likely to be in dating relationships. In-person meetings of matches were relatively infrequent among app users. Those who did meet matches were very likely to vet them online in advance, and women were more likely to do so than men. App users rated them as relatively unsafe, women in particular. Top concerns included safety (44 percent), others misrepresenting their identities (35 percent), and privacy (18 percent). Overall, regular app users perceived their use as normative among peers, but they did not view the apps as particularly useful for meeting matches. Although there are few surveys of GSNA use among emerging adults in the United States, some limitations are noted, along with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Griffin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina-Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Amy Canevello
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina-Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Richard D McAnulty
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Carolina-Charlotte , Charlotte, North Carolina
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26
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Abstract
Using a unique cross-sectional data set of dating website members' educational preferences for potential mates ( N = 41,936), we showed that women were more likely than men to stipulate educational preferences at all ages. When members indifferent to educational level were excluded, however, the specificity of men's and women's preferences did differ for different age groups. That is, whereas women expressed more refined educational preferences during their years of maximum fertility, their demand specificity decreased with age. Men's specificity, in contrast, remained stable until the 40s, when it was greater than that of postreproductive women, and then was higher during their peak years of career-earnings potential. Further, when individuals' level of education was controlled for, women (compared with men) were more likely to state a higher minimum preference for educational level in a potential mate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Whyte
- 1 School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology Business School, Queensland University of Technology
| | - Ho Fai Chan
- 1 School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology Business School, Queensland University of Technology
| | - Benno Torgler
- 1 School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology Business School, Queensland University of Technology.,2 Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA), Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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March E, Wagstaff DL. Sending Nudes: Sex, Self-Rated Mate Value, and Trait Machiavellianism Predict Sending Unsolicited Explicit Images. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2210. [PMID: 29326632 PMCID: PMC5741673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern dating platforms have given rise to new dating and sexual behaviors. In the current study, we examine predictors of sending unsolicited explicit images, a particularly underexplored online sexual behavior. The aim of the current study was to explore the utility of dark personality traits (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism) and self-rated mate value in predicting attitudes toward and behavior of sending unsolicited explicit images. Two hundred and forty participants (72% female; Mage = 25.96, SD = 9.79) completed an online questionnaire which included a measure of self-rated mate value, a measure of dark personality traits, and questions regarding sending unsolicited explicit images (operationalized as the explicit image scale). Men, compared to women, were found to have higher explicit image scale scores, and both self-rated mate value and trait Machiavellianism were positive predictors of explicit image scale scores. Interestingly, there were no significant interactions between sex and these variables. Further, Machiavellianism mediated all relationships between other dark traits and explicit image scale scores, indicating this behavior is best explained by the personality trait associated with behavioral strategies. In sum, these results provide support for the premise that sending unsolicited explicit images may be a tactic of a short-term mating strategy; however, future research should further explore this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evita March
- School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle L Wagstaff
- School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
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28
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Abstract
The primary aims of this study were to test whether perceived dating success would differ between offline and online zero-acquaintance dating contexts and to investigate the role that self-esteem might play in these evaluations. Participants were presented with the same photos of targets in either an offline or online dating scenario and rated their chances of dating success along with their perceptions of how attractive they thought the target would consider them. Higher self-esteem individuals believed they would be rated as more attractive. There was an overall perception that, irrespective of self-esteem level, meeting online would lead to better chances of dating success. These findings are considered in relation to an increased ability to more precisely manage impressions and develop an image of the self which would be evaluated more positively online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Fullwood
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton , Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Attrill-Smith
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton , Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
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29
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Sedgewick JR, Flath ME, Elias LJ. Presenting Your Best Self(ie): The Influence of Gender on Vertical Orientation of Selfies on Tinder. Front Psychol 2017; 8:604. [PMID: 28484408 PMCID: PMC5399073 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When taking a self-portrait or “selfie” to display in an online dating profile, individuals may intuitively manipulate the vertical camera angle to embody how they want to be perceived by the opposite sex. Concepts from evolutionary psychology and grounded cognition suggest that this manipulation can provide cues of physical height and impressions of power to the viewer which are qualities found to influence mate-selection. We predicted that men would orient selfies more often from below to appear taller (i.e., more powerful) than the viewer, and women, from an above perspective to appear shorter (i.e., less powerful). A content analysis was conducted which coded the vertical orientation of 557 selfies from profile pictures on the popular mobile dating application, Tinder. In general, selfies were commonly used by both men (54%) and women (90%). Consistent with our predictions, a gender difference emerged; men's selfies were angled significantly more often from below, whereas women's were angled more often from above. Our findings suggest that selfies presented in a mate-attraction context are intuitively or perhaps consciously selected to adhere to ideal mate qualities. Further discussion proposes that biological or individual differences may also facilitate vertical compositions of selfies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan E Flath
- Department of Psychology, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lorin J Elias
- Department of Psychology, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
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30
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Lemke R, Weber M. That Man Behind the Curtain: Investigating the Sexual Online Dating Behavior of Men Who Have Sex With Men but Hide Their Same-Sex Sexual Attraction in Offline Surroundings. J Homosex 2017; 64:1561-1582. [PMID: 27754811 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2016.1249735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates how men who have sex with men (MSM) use chat and dating sites based on theories of stigma-related offline behavior and online self-disclosure. We hypothesize that hidden MSM (those who self-label as heterosexual or who hide their same-sex sexual attraction from family, friends, acquaintances, or a female romantic partner) differ from open MSM in how they behave on gay chat and dating sites and in offline gay venues. Drawing on a survey of 12,002 MSM, we show that hidden MSM tend to mask their identity on gay chat and dating sites while avoiding offline gay venues. They also focus more strongly on online sexual activities (e.g., masturbating during online chats) when using gay chat and dating sites. However, they spend the same amount of time on these sites, and they use them to initiate offline sexual encounters as often and as fast as open MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lemke
- a Department of Communication , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Mathias Weber
- a Department of Communication , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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31
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Abstract
Background and aims Tinder is a very popular smartphone-based geolocated dating application. The goal of the present study was creating a short Problematic Tinder Use Scale (PTUS). Methods Griffiths' ( 2005 ) six-component model was implemented for covering all components of problematic Tinder use. Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out on a Tinder user sample (N = 430). Results Both the 12- and the 6-item versions were tested. The 6-item unidimensional structure has appropriate reliability and factor structure. No salient demography-related differences were found. Users irrespectively to their relationship status have similar scores on PTUS. Discussion Tinder users deserve the attention of scientific examination considering their large proportion among smartphone users. It is especially true considering the emerging trend of geolocated online dating applications. Conclusions Before PTUS, no prior scale has been created to measure problematic Tinder use. The PTUS is a suitable and reliable measure to assess problematic Tinder use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Orosz
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, MTA Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author: Dr. Gábor Orosz; Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, H-1064 Budapest, Hungary; Phone: +36-70-237-9471; E-mail:
| | | | - Beáta Bőthe
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Melher
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Abstract
This article explores gendered patterns of online dating and their implications for heterosexual union formation. The authors hypothesized that traditional gender norms combine with preferences for more socially desirable partners to benefit men and disadvantage women in the earliest stages of dating. They tested this with 6 months of online dating data from a mid-sized southwestern city (N = 8,259 men and 6,274 women). They found that both men and women tend to send messages to the most socially desirable alters in the dating market, regardless of their own social desirability. They also found that women who initiate contacts connect with more desirable partners than those who wait to be contacted, but women are 4 times less likely to send messages than men. They concluded that socioeconomic similarities in longer term unions result, in part, from relationship termination (i.e., nonreciprocity) rather than initial preferences for similar partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Kreager
- Department of Sociology and Crime, Law, and Justice, Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6207
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Lever J, Grov C, Royce T, Gillespie BJ. Searching for Love in all the "Write" Places: Exploring Internet Personals Use by Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Age. Int J Sex Health 2008; 20:233-246. [PMID: 20502618 PMCID: PMC2874906 DOI: 10.1080/19317610802411532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Few researchers of Internet sexual exploration have systematically compared variance of use across sexual orientations, with even fewer surveying bisexual respondents. In 2004, 15,246 individuals responded to an online survey of their use of Internet personals and adult websites. Gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals (GLBs) were more likely than heterosexuals to have exchanged correspondence, met others offline, and had sex with someone they met through personal ads. Whereas gay men and lesbians of all ages were most likely to have established a long-term relationship as a result of personals, heterosexuals over age 40 were more likely to have established a long-term relationship than younger heterosexuals. Further, compared to men, women were approximately two times as likely to have established a serious relationship as a result of personals. Qualitative findings suggest that the Internet functions not only as a means of screening for desired characteristics, but also as a shield against prejudice in real life encounters. GLBs and heterosexuals alike used online venues as a means of sexual identity development, sexual exploration, and community building.
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