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Magis-Weinberg L, Arreola Vargas M, Carrizales A, Trinh CT, Muñoz Lopez DE, Hussong AM, Lansford JE. The impact of COVID-19 on the peer relationships of adolescents around the world: A rapid systematic review. J Res Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38682766 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this rapid systematic review was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted peer relationships for adolescents (10-25 years of age) around the globe. We focused on four indices of peer relationships: (1) loneliness, (2) social connectedness, (3) social support, and (4) social media use. In addition, we examined gender and age differences. Four databases (APA PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for articles published from January 2020 to November 2022. A total of 96 studies (cross-sectional: n = 66, longitudinal: n = 30, quantitative: n = 67, qualitative: n = 12, mixed-methods: n = 17) met our inclusion criteria (empirical observational studies with data on at least one of the indices of interest, cross-sectional data on COVID-19-related experiences or longitudinal data collected during the pandemic, age range of 10-25 years, typically developing adolescents). We extracted data and conducted a narrative synthesis. Findings suggest that COVID-19 disruptions negatively impacted peer relationships for youth. Most studies reported either an increase in loneliness over the course of the pandemic or a positive association between loneliness and COVID-19-related experiences. Similar findings were observed for increased social media use as a means of continued communication and connection. Fewer studies focused on social support but those that did reported a decrease or negative association with COVID-19-related experiences. Lastly, findings suggest a mixed impact on social connectedness, which might be due to the strengthening of closer ties and weakening of more distant relationships. Results for gender differences were mixed, and a systematic comparison of differences across ages was not possible. The heterogeneity in measures of COVID-19-related experiences as well as timing of data collection prevented a more nuanced examination of short and more long-term impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexia Carrizales
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Calvin Thanh Trinh
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Andrea M Hussong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer E Lansford
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Mugumbate R, Gopaldasani V, Kidson P, Ravulo J. 'We Were an Afterthought': Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Communities in New South Wales, Australia. Soc Work Public Health 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38652020 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2343390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact on Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities in Australia of government and community responses to the coronavirus pandemic of 2019 in the domains of education, employment, housing, social connectedness, and public health communication. Most of the examples are drawn from the state of New South Wales. In Australia, CALD refers to people from countries not classified as main English speaking. Most CALD communities reported in this article are from refugee backgrounds, are recently arrived migrants or do not use English in most of their communication. Inadequate, and in some instances, inappropriate or absent support, adversely impacts CALD communities. We used a multidisciplinary bricolage approach that draws on media, government, and community support publications and concluded that CALD communities experienced heightened pressures due to lower resource availability and poor communication. This led to disruption of support services, exposing gaps and vulnerability. The results reported here challenge Australian government, schools, community agencies, researchers to include proactively CALD community perspectives when planning and responding to such crises in future. Improving communication, pandemic response planning, addressing needs and ensuring participation are key considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugare Mugumbate
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopaldasani
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Kidson
- National School of Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jioji Ravulo
- School of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Pereira H, Silva P, Torre RD, dos Santos MR, Moutinho A, Solinho S, Proença C, Cabral J, Santos AJ. Men's Social Connectedness in Later Life: A Qualitative Study with Older Men. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:53. [PMID: 38667520 PMCID: PMC11050630 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study aimed to understand men's social connectedness in later life in Portugal focusing on their perceptions, obstacles, strategies, and impact on well-being. The sample included 104 older Portuguese men over 65 years of age (Mage = 70.76 years). The qualitative data were the direct transcriptions of the answers given by participants to the electronic interview using thematic analysis. Findings revealed six overarching themes encompassing 18 subcategories: definitions of social connectedness (social support, community identity, mental health promotion, use of community structures), difficulties/obstacles in maintaining social connectedness (ageism, lack of initiative, physical limitations, psychological traits, resources), strategies/actions or resources to establish social connections (use of technology, use of community groups, leisure and sport activities, church/religion), negative impact of difficulties in establishing relevant social connections (mental health, physical health, relationships), positive actions from being socially connected (positive prescriptions to promote social connectedness), and concerns from being socially disconnected (health risks). These findings indicate that the lack of social connectedness creates social vulnerability in later life, and social support is needed to ensure safer aging among older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Pereira
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patricia Silva
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Renata Della Torre
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Marta Rosário dos Santos
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Adriana Moutinho
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Sofia Solinho
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Constança Proença
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
| | | | - Ana Jorge Santos
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.S.); (R.D.T.); (M.R.d.S.); (A.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (A.J.S.)
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Joyce A, Tran T, Stocker R, Fisher J. Mental and social wellbeing trajectory during the pandemic for vulnerable populations. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1337401. [PMID: 38651125 PMCID: PMC11034518 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1337401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated changes over time in mental and social wellbeing indicators for vulnerable population subgroups during the pandemic. These groups were younger people, people with disabilities, low-income groups, unemployed, culturally, and linguistically diverse communities (CaLD), and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Methods A series of four repeated population representative surveys were conducted in June 2020, September 2020, January 2022, and June 2022. Questions included items on psychological distress, financial hardship, social connection, and life satisfaction. Results For most groups, social connection and life satisfaction improved in 2022 relative to 2020. Psychological distress and financial hardship showed the opposite pattern, with some groups having worse results in 2022 relative to 2020. People without any vulnerability had better mental health and social wellbeing outcomes at each time point relative to the vulnerable population subgroups. Conclusion Pandemic-related policies had differential effects over time and for different population groups. Future policies and research need to closely monitor how they impact population subgroups, and the overall results clearly demonstrate the inequity in mental health and social wellbeing outcomes for vulnerable population cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Joyce
- Centre for Social Impact Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research & Impact, VicHealth, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruby Stocker
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Graf AS, Bolling CN. Increased belongingness among college students during COVID-19: a potential cohort effect? J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:665-670. [PMID: 35380936 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2057194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Speculation about the effects of COVID-19, especially on youth social development, has been mixed. This study aimed to examine change in loneliness and belongingness into the first month of stay-at-home orders (January through April 2020). PARTICIPANTS College students (N = 73, mean age = 19.03 years, SD = 1.44 years) enrolled in a life-span development course. METHODS Participants completed online surveys at the beginning and the end of the semester assessing change in well-being. RESULTS Results revealed that loneliness scores significantly decreased, and belongingness scores significantly increased from Time 1 to Time 2. Among those who experienced increased belongingness, loneliness significantly decreased while there was not a significant change in loneliness among those who decreased in belongingness. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increasing belongingness should be a focus when trying to combat loneliness, especially in young adults experiencing a dramatic life event during a critical time for social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson S Graf
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, USA
| | - Callie N Bolling
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, USA
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Sippel LM, Liebman RE, Schäfer SK, Ennis N, Mattern AC, Rozek DC, Monson CM. Sources of Social Support and Trauma Recovery: Evidence for Bidirectional Associations from a Recently Trauma-Exposed Community Sample. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:284. [PMID: 38667080 PMCID: PMC11047467 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support is well documented, few studies have tested the causal pathways explaining this association at several points in the acute post-trauma recovery period or examined whether the association varies for different sources of social support. To address these gaps, 151 community individuals (mean age = 37.20 years, 69.5% women) exposed to trauma within the previous 6 months were recruited to complete measures of PTSD and social support from intimate partners, friends, and relatives four times in 1 year. In line with recent recommendations for research on social support and PTSD symptoms, random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling (RI-CLPM) was used to examine dynamic changes between PTSD severity and social support over time. The pattern of RI-CLPM cross-lagged coefficients indicated that positive deviations from one's expected stable level of total social support (across all sources) sped up the recovery of PTSD symptoms at the end of the post-trauma year, and more severe PTSD symptoms than expected based on one's expected stable level of PTSD started eroding social support midway through the assessment year. When specific sources of social support were analyzed separately, the association between within-person increases in social support from friends at any given time point accelerated the recovery from PTSD across the entire year. Among participants with intimate partners (n = 53), intimate partner support did not predict PTSD symptoms, but more severe PTSD symptoms at any given time point predicted less support at the following time point. Results from this longitudinal study provide additional support for the bidirectional relationship between PTSD and social support over time and suggest that perceived social support from friends may be especially helpful during trauma recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Sippel
- Department of Veterans Affairs Northeast Program Evaluation Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Rachel E. Liebman
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Schäfer
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Naomi Ennis
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Alexandra C. Mattern
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - David C. Rozek
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Candice M. Monson
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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Hardy RY, Boch SJ, Davenport MA, Chavez LJ, Kelleher KJ. Rural-urban differences in social and emotional protective factors and their association with child health and flourishing. J Rural Health 2024; 40:314-325. [PMID: 37859615 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children in rural communities experience higher mortality rates and less access to health care services than those in urban communities. Protective factors like social support also vary by geography, but their contribution to differences in child health is understudied. Understanding geographic variation in protective health factors could provide insight into their impact on health and guide future intervention strategies. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE To examine protective factors' association with child flourishing and child health status in rural and urban communities. METHODS Publicly available data from the National Survey of Children's Health, 2018-2021, with nonmissing geographic data (N = 150,493) were used to assess the relationship between protective factors and child flourishing and health by rurality. Multivariate survey-weighted probit models examined these relationships, adjusting for child and caregiver characteristics. FINDINGS More than a third of children were not flourishing, according to parental report. An estimated 62% of rural children were flourishing compared to 66% of urban children (P<0.001). Urban caregivers also were more likely to report better adult mental and physical health status. Nevertheless, rural children were reported to receive more social support than urban children, while their caregivers reported more emotional support and living in supportive and safe neighborhoods (P<0.001). Rural caregivers reported more support from places of worship and less from counselors/other mental health care providers than urban caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Despite higher reported caregiver emotional support and child social support, fewer rural children are flourishing. Health systems and community organizations able to leverage these existing social and emotional protective factors in rural communities could help close this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Y Hardy
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Samantha J Boch
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- The James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mattina A Davenport
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura J Chavez
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly J Kelleher
- Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Clore L, Agrawal RM, Kolm P, Rethy JA. Social Connectedness as a Determinant of Health in African-American Low-Income Families with Young Children: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2024; 45:e143-e149. [PMID: 38452045 PMCID: PMC11017831 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of social connectedness (SC) in African-American low-income families with young children attending a pediatric primary care clinic and examine its relationships with food insecurity and parental well-being. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used data from the Healthy Children and Families program, a cohort intervention study addressing food insecurity, conducted by an urban pediatric clinic serving low-income predominantly African-American families. Twenty-seven families completed baseline screening tools, including the Social Provisions Scale five-question short form (SPS-5) to measure SC, a modified version of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Household Food Security Survey Module six-item short form to assess food insecurity, and the Parental Stress Index Short Form to measure parental stress. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and partial correlations were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS The average SPS-5 composite score was 14.5 on a scale of 5 to 20. Moderate negative correlations were identified between SC and food insecurity, weaker when controlled for parental stress. Strong negative correlations were identified between SC and parental stress that held when controlled for food insecurity. CONCLUSION In this study, we propose a conceptual framework highlighting the complex interplay of social connectedness with other social determinants of child health. The findings align with the 2023 Surgeon General's Advisory on the epidemic on the healing effects of social connection and provide insight into the value of incorporating SC assessments into routine screenings in pediatric primary care settings. Further research is needed to explore causal relationships and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to enhance SC in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Clore
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington, DC
| | - Rajeev Mohan Agrawal
- MedStar Health Research Institute; Center for Biostatistics, Informatics and Data Science; and
| | - Paul Kolm
- MedStar Health Research Institute; Center for Biostatistics, Informatics and Data Science; and
| | - Janine A. Rethy
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington, DC
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Division of Community Pediatrics, Washington, DC
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Flynn A, Brennan A, Barry M, Redfern S, Casey D. Social connectedness and the role of virtual reality: experiences and perceptions of people living with dementia and their caregivers. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38372257 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2024.2310262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE People living with dementia are often at increased risk of becoming socially disconnected due to dementia-related challenges. In recent years, digital technology has been designed to help address the social health of people living with dementia and provide opportunities to promote or maintain their social connectedness. This paper presents the findings from phase two of a participatory action research project, which explored people living with dementia and their caregiver's experiences and perceptions of social connectedness and the potential role of Virtual Reality (VR) in promoting or maintaining same. MATERIALS AND METHODS People living with dementia (n = 8) and their informal caregivers (n = 8) participated in an individual, 1:1 online interview. Data analysis was guided by reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS The findings presented four themes: social connectedness: lived experiences and insights, facilitating social connectedness, barriers to social connectedness and the potential of multi-user VR for social connectedness. People living with dementia experienced a range of personal, community and societal connectedness. Facilitators of social connectedness included supportive, non-judgemental, and reciprocal relationships, technology adoption, and personal and contextual facilitators. Dementia-related difficulties and periods of disruption or change were considered barriers to social connectedness. Multi-user VR was perceived as useful for promoting and maintaining social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS The perceived usefulness of multi-user VR for social connectedness indicates its potential for use with this population. Understanding the lived experiences, barriers, and facilitators of social connectedness will assist researchers and the human-computer interaction community to inform the design of future multi-user VR for social connectedness outcomes with people living with dementia and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Flynn
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Attracta Brennan
- School of Computer Science, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Barry
- Information and Communication Studies, ADAPT Centre, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sam Redfern
- School of Computer Science, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dympna Casey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Olonisakin TT, Adebayo SO. Xenophobia in the context of African worldviews: A synopsis of the Nigerian situation. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053231223850. [PMID: 38312042 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231223850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the phenomenon of xenophobia in Africa. The manifestation of xenophobia was explored within the tenets of the terror management theory which links existential concerns to the development of worldviews that help to make sense of life vagaries. We put forward that colonialism impacted the African worldview of collectivism and human connectedness and contributed to a worldview of the world as a dangerous place. The authors largely situate xenophobic attitudes of Africans toward Africans within the colonial experience which promoted ethnic discord and influenced the perception and receptivity toward strangers. The value of collectivism in pre-colonial and post-colonial African societies was compared to demonstrate the impact of colonialism. Furthermore, a synopsis of ethnic politics as a legacy of colonialism in Nigeria was provided. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of giving recognition to ethnic identity as one approach to managing xenophobic attitudes toward co-nationals in African countries.
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Manchella MK, Logan PE, Perry BL, Peng S, Risacher SL, Saykin AJ, Apostolova LG. Associations Between Social Network Characteristics and Brain Structure Among Older Adults. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1406-1420. [PMID: 38015980 PMCID: PMC10916942 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social connectedness is associated with slower cognitive decline among older adults. Recent research suggests that distinct aspects of social networks may have differential effects on cognitive resilience, but few studies analyze brain structure. METHODS This study includes 117 cognitively impaired and 59 unimpaired older adults. The effects of social network characteristics (bridging/bonding) on brain regions of interests were analyzed using linear regressions and voxel-wise multiple linear regressions of gray matter density. RESULTS Increased social bridging was associated with greater bilateral amygdala volume and insular thickness, and left frontal lobe thickness, putamen, and thalamic volumes. Increased social bonding was associated with greater bilateral medial orbitofrontal and caudal anterior cingulate thickness, as well as right frontal lobe thickness, putamen, and amygdala volumes. DISCUSSION The associations between social connectedness and brain structure vary depending on the types of social enrichment accessible through social networks, suggesting that psychosocial interventions could mitigate neurodegeneration. HIGHLIGHTS Distinct forms of social capital are uniquely linked to gray matter density (GMD). Bridging is associated with preserved GMD in limbic system structures. Bonding is associated with preserved GMD in frontal lobe regions. Bridging is associated with increased brain reserve in sensory processing regions. Bonding is associated with increased brain reserve in regions of stress modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit K. Manchella
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Paige E. Logan
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Brea L. Perry
- Indiana University Network Science InstituteIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Siyun Peng
- Indiana University Network Science InstituteIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana University Network Science InstituteIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Liana G. Apostolova
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Indiana University Network Science InstituteIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Center for NeuroimagingDepartment of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Smith J, t'Hart L, Leaversuch F, Walton A, Jameson G, Samsa H, Clarey M, Millar L, Burns S, Pollard CM. Promoting mental well-being in Western Australia: Act Belong Commit® mental health promotion campaign partners' perspectives. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae014. [PMID: 38386902 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Act Belong Commit® mental health promotion campaign aims to improve population mental well-being. Based on a social-franchising model, partnerships are sought with organizations offering 'mentally healthy activities' that foster social connectedness and mental well-being. There are four categories of partner organizations sought: Site (government agencies and health services), Associate (organizations with state-wide or national services), Community (local, grass-roots community groups) and Schools. This research explored organizational perceptions of the Act Belong Commit® Partnership Program. A purposive sample of 14 organizational representatives across all four partner categories participated in semi-structured interviews online or face-to-face between July and September 2021. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify three main themes: (a) A passion for promoting mental health; (b) Implementation, innovation, adaption and creation (e.g. the ability to adapt, create and deliver activities aligned with the campaign message; and (c) Future sustainability (e.g. recommendations for the sustainability of the programme). The use of reflexive thematic analysis enabled deeper insights into the complexity of the partnerships. Findings describe how the Act Belong Commit® Partnership Program supports mutually desirable objectives and extends the campaign reach. Embedded in a shared belief system that incorporates a passion for good mental health, the model supports the flexibility to adapt, create and deliver fit-for-purpose activities that promote mental well-being in the places where people live, work and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Smith
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Laura t'Hart
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Francene Leaversuch
- Centre for Aboriginal Studies, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Andrew Walton
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Gabriella Jameson
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hannah Samsa
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Meg Clarey
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Lynne Millar
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Enable Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Christina M Pollard
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Enable Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Akhtar SA. Socially connected while apart: the use of technology to increase social connection between nursing home residents and their relatives. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1296524. [PMID: 38333742 PMCID: PMC10850371 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1296524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines whether the use of a communication technology can enhance social connectedness among nursing home residents in Norway. The concept of social connectedness suggest that positive and significant interpersonal relationships can help reduce the risk of loneliness and social isolation among older adults and can be beneficial for both their health and overall well-being. In recent years, technology has been increasingly utilized as a method to overcome physical distances and to keep families connected. Although the use of digital solutions among older people has increased in recent years, few studies have addressed the use and impact of such technologies within a nursing home context. Methods A total of 225 residents participated in the study, making it one of the few quantitative studies that examine the use of communication technologies in nursing homes at such a large scale. The study combines two sources of data: (1) survey data collected over a 14-month period, in three different waves, at all public nursing homes in Oslo municipality and (2) a highly detailed weekly datastream from each Komp-device, which provides an objective measure of the frequency of contact between the residents and their families. The two sources of data were combined and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results The regression analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between Komp use and increased social satisfaction among the residents. The results indicate that Komp is a feasible communication tool to help nursing home residents maintain relations with their families. Discussion The positive response to Komp among the residents suggests that when designed with the user's needs in mind, technology can indeed facilitate meaningful social interactions, even for those with limited technological experience. Such interventions can thus be crucial in bridging the gap between older residents and the outside world, effectively addressing their unique challenges of social isolation and disconnection from the broader community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Andleeb Akhtar
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Beausoleil K, Garbarino J, Lewis LF. "I loved interacting with this younger generation": Exploring the impact of a virtual service-learning program on social connectedness among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gerontol Geriatr Educ 2024; 45:67-85. [PMID: 36226696 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2022.2132241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pervasive feelings of social isolation and loneliness have been longstanding among up to half of older adults, and have received increased attention amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Programs to address loneliness and facilitate meaningful connections are vital for physical and mental wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to explore older adults' experiences participating as volunteers in the Aging is Very Personal (AIVP) service-learning program in relation to feelings of social connectedness. As part of an interprofessional gerontology course, 112 undergraduate students interviewed 55 older adult volunteers via Zoom on the lived experience of aging. Older adult volunteers were surveyed on their experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic and the virtual AIVP program. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and reflexive thematic analysis of open-ended questions. Participants reported participation in AIVP had a positive effect on their mood (86%) and made them feel more socially connected (71%). Six themes summarized their experiences: reduced feelings of social isolation; brought me joy; created meaningful intergenerational relationships; gave me a sense of purpose; facilitated genuine engagement; and created important learning opportunities for future health professionals. Virtual AIVP was identified as a valuable program to improve mood and feelings of social connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Beausoleil
- Department of Nursing, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, US
| | - Jason Garbarino
- Department of Nursing, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, US
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15
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Chua CMS, Chua JYX, Shorey S. Effectiveness of home-based interventions in improving loneliness and social connectedness among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:1-10. [PMID: 37466183 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2237919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of home-based interventions in improving loneliness and social connectedness (primary outcomes), and depressive symptoms (secondary outcome) among older adults. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched from inception dates to February 2022. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics and Cochran's Q chi-squared test. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to appraise the included studies. RESULTS Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included. Home-based interventions were found to significantly increase older adults' social connectedness (social support and social engagement) and reduce their loneliness and depressive symptoms. Subgroup analyses suggested that interventions which lasted more than three months and were delivered using mixed platforms were more favorable. Both professional-led and volunteer-led interventions showed favorable results. CONCLUSIONS Future studies could be conducted in varied geographical regions and consider carrying out follow-up assessments. Home-based interventions could be improved by being more than months, delivered by mixed personnel, and using mixed platforms. Considering the low-quality rating by the GRADE approach, future research is needed to confirm current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Min Siu Chua
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joelle Yan Xin Chua
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Ransome Y, Valido AD, Espelage DL, Clements GL, Harrell C, Eckel C, Price N, Nassau R, Nyhan K, Taggart TL. A systematic review of how social connectedness influences associations between racism and discrimination on health outcomes. Epidemiol Rev 2023; 45:44-62. [PMID: 37477041 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial discrimination is a well-known risk factor of racial disparities in health. Although progress has been made in identifying multiple levels through which racism and racial discrimination influences health, less is known about social factors that may buffer racism's associations with health. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with a specific focus on social connectedness, racism, and health, retrieving studies conducted in the United States and published between January 1, 2012, and July 30, 2022, in peer-reviewed journals. Of the 787 articles screened, 32 were selected for full-text synthesis. Most studies (72%) were at the individual level, cross-sectional, and among community/neighborhood, school, or university samples. Studies had good methodological rigor and low risk of bias. Measures of racism and racial discrimination varied. Discrimination scales included unfair treatment because of race, schedule of racist events, experiences of lifetime discrimination, and everyday discrimination. Measures of social connectedness (or disconnectedness) varied. Social-connectedness constructs included social isolation, loneliness, and social support. Mental health was the most frequently examined outcome (75%). Effect modification was used in 56% of studies and mediation in 34% of studies. In 81% of studies, at least 1 aspect of social connectedness significantly buffered or mediated the associations between racism and health. Negative health associations were often weaker among people with higher social connectedness. Social connectedness is an important buffering mechanism to mitigate the associations between racial discrimination and health. In future studies, harmonizing metrics of social connectedness and racial discrimination can strengthen causal claims to inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Alberto D Valido
- School of Education, Applied Developmental Sciences and Special Education, Human Development and Family Science, School Psychology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Dorothy L Espelage
- School of Education, Applied Developmental Sciences and Special Education, Human Development and Family Science, School Psychology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Graceson L Clements
- School of Education, Applied Developmental Sciences and Special Education, Human Development and Family Science, School Psychology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Crystal Harrell
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Caroline Eckel
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Natalie Price
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States
| | - Rachel Nassau
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, United States
| | - Kate Nyhan
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Tamara L Taggart
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States
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17
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Luo H, Luo D, Tang Q, Niu Z, Xu J, Li J. The combined impact of social networks and connectedness on anxiety, stress, and depression during COVID-19 quarantine: a retrospective observational study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1298693. [PMID: 38169600 PMCID: PMC10758457 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1298693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic and associated quarantine measures have precipitated a surge in mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. Government policies and restrictions on physical activity have contributed to this phenomenon, as well as diminished subjective social connectedness and exacerbated objective social isolation. As two dimensions of social isolation, it is worth noting that subjectively perceived social connectedness serves as a protective factor for mental health, whereas the decline in the size of objectively evaluated social networks poses a significant risk. However, research investigating the combined influence of these two dimensions remains limited. Methods This study used an online survey to collect data to investigate the effects of objective social connectedness and objective social networks on anxiety, stress, and depression during COVID-19 quarantine. A total of 485 participants were analyzed using statistical methods, including paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and moderated mediated. Results The study found that anxiety and depression scores increased during the quarantine, with age, education, and social connectedness scores associated with the increase. Pre-quarantine anxiety and depression levels were strongly correlated with mental health status during quarantine. Cluster analysis, respectively, revealed three clusters for those without increasing anxiety and depression scores. The study also found that objective social network influences the impact of subjective social connectedness on pre-quarantine mental health, which in turn affects anxiety and depression levels during quarantine. Conclusion The study identified that quarantine increased anxiety and depression, with age being protective, and education and subjective social connectedness as risk factors. The study also emphasizes the comprehensive impact of objective and subjective social isolation. Although individuals perceive the same degree of social connectedness, those with smaller social networks are more prone to developing symptoms of anxiety and depression, which are also more likely to worsen during quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Grishina M, Rooney RM, Millar L, Mann R, Mancini VO. The effectiveness of community friendship groups on participant social and mental health: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1078268. [PMID: 38130971 PMCID: PMC10733530 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1078268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social disconnectedness and isolation are risk factors for poor mental health. Community-based friendship group interventions have been designed to increase an individual's social capital and consequently their mental wellbeing. Structured and unstructured friendship groups reflect two distinct approaches to friendship group interventions. Methods This meta-analysis investigated whether structured or unstructured community friendship groups are more effective for mental health and social capital outcomes. A systematic search of quantitative studies was conducted across seven databases and study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool. Eight studies (2 unstructured and 6 structured friendship groups) were included in the review, published between 2005 and 2020. Results Structured friendship groups had a small significant effect on reducing participant depression symptoms. There was not enough available data to compare the effectiveness of structured and unstructured groups for mental health outcomes. There was substantial heterogeneity between studies to calculate pooled effect sizes for any social capital outcomes. Data synthesis indicated mixed reviews for social capital outcomes, likely due to the large heterogeneity and limited studies. Discussion This meta-analysis provides limited support for positive mental health outcomes following structured community-based friendship group interventions. There is a need for additional research as a large research gap remains, particularly for unstructured friendship groups. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=260639, CRD42021260639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Grishina
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rosanna Mary Rooney
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lynne Millar
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachel Mann
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vincent Oreste Mancini
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Fathering Project, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Lackman Zeman L, Roy S, Surnis PP, Wasserman JA, Duchak K, Homayouni R, Mulhem E. Paradoxical experiences of healthcare workers during COVID-19: a qualitative analysis of anonymous, web-based, audio narratives. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2184034. [PMID: 36861313 PMCID: PMC9987722 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2184034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To gain a deeper understanding of healthcare workers experiences during COVID-19 using an anonymous, web-based, audio narrative platform. METHODS Data were collected from healthcare workers in the midwestern United States using a web-enabled audio diary approach. Participant recordings were analysed using a narrative coding and conceptualization process derived from grounded theory coding techniques. RESULTS Fifteen healthcare workers, in direct patient care or non-patient care roles, submitted 18 audio narratives. Two paradoxical themes emerged: 1) A paradox of distress and meaningfulness, where a harsh work environment resulted in psychological distress while simultaneously resulting in new rewarding experiences, sense of purpose and positive outlooks. 2) A paradox of social isolation and connection, where despite extreme isolation, healthcare workers formed intense and meaningful interpersonal connections with patients and colleagues in new ways. CONCLUSIONS A web-enabled audio diary approach provided an opportunity for healthcare workers to reflect deeper on their experiences without investigator influence, which led to some unique findings. Paradoxically, amid social isolation and extreme distress, a sense of value, meaning and rewarding human connections emerged. These findings suggest that interventions addressing healthcare worker burnout and distress might be enhanced by leveraging naturally occurring positive experiences as much as mitigating negative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Lackman Zeman
- Department of Family Medicine, Beaumont Health, Troy, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Sujoy Roy
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Pranjali P. Surnis
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Jason Adam Wasserman
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen Duchak
- Department of Family Medicine, Beaumont Health, Troy, MI, USA
| | - Ramin Homayouni
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Elie Mulhem
- Department of Family Medicine, Beaumont Health, Troy, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
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20
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Gray SM, Nettlefold L, Mackey D, Gould JS, McKay HA. Feasibility of a Virtual Health-Promoting Intervention (Choose to Move) for Older Adults: A Rapid Adaptation in Response to COVID-19. J Aging Phys Act 2023; 31:1003-1015. [PMID: 37536680 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
To support older adults during the first wave of COVID-19, we rapidly adapted our effective health-promoting intervention (Choose to Move [CTM]) for virtual delivery in British Columbia, Canada. The intervention was delivered (April-October 2020) to 33 groups of older adults ("programs") who were a convenience sample (had previously completed CTM in person; n = 153; 86% female; 73 [6] years). We compared implementation outcomes (recruitment, dose received, retention, and completion of virtual data collection) to predetermined feasibility targets. We assessed mobility, physical activity, and social health outcomes pre- and postintervention (3 months) with validated surveys. We met most (dose received, retention, and virtual data collection), but not all (recruitment), feasibility targets. Approximately two thirds of older adults maintained or improved mobility, physical activity, and social health outcomes at 3 months. It was feasible to implement and evaluate CTM virtually. In future, virtual CTM could help us reach homebound older adults and/or serve as support during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Gray
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Aging and Population Health Lab, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC,Canada
- Active Aging Research Team, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Lindsay Nettlefold
- Active Aging Research Team, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Dawn Mackey
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Aging and Population Health Lab, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC,Canada
| | - Joanie Sims Gould
- Active Aging Research Team, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Heather A McKay
- Active Aging Research Team, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
- Department of Family Practice, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
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21
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Baumgartner JN, Haupt MR, Case LK. Chronic pain patients low in social connectedness report higher pain and need deeper pressure for pain relief. Emotion 2023; 23:2156-2168. [PMID: 36996174 PMCID: PMC10544689 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The experience of rejection and disconnection reliably amplifies pain. Yet, little is known about the impact of enduring feelings of closeness, or social connectedness, on experiences of chronic pain. The current secondary analysis tested the hypothesis that greater social connectedness would predict lower chronic pain ratings, mediated by lower depression and anxiety. In addition, based on the social-affective effects of deeper pressure, and our previous finding that deeper pressure from a weighted blanket reduced chronic pain ratings, we examined whether deeper pressure from a weighted blanket would induce greater pain relief in socially disconnected chronic pain patients. We assessed social connectedness, anxiety, and depression at baseline and pain levels before and after a remote, 7-day randomized-controlled trial of a heavy or light (control) weighted blanket in a predominately White (86%) and female (80%) sample of 95 chronic pain patients. Results revealed that lower social connectedness was associated with higher chronic pain ratings, which was mediated by anxiety, but not depression. Pressure level (light vs. deep) moderated associations between social connectedness and pain reductions, such that deeper pressure was necessary for pain relief in the most socially disconnected participants. Our findings suggest a close relationship between social connectedness and chronic pain through a mechanistic pathway of anxiety. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that sensory-affective interventions such as a weighted blanket may be a beneficial tool for chronic pain sufferers who are prone to social disconnection, potentially by activating embodied representations of safety and social support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Baumgartner
- NIH Office of Disease Prevention, Office of the Director, DPCPSI, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Room 733, MSC 7990, Bethesda, MD 20892
- UC San Diego Health, Department of Anesthesiology, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0719, La Jolla, CA 92093, 858-246-4968
| | - Michael R. Haupt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Cognitive Science, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Laura K. Case
- UC San Diego Health, Department of Anesthesiology, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0719, La Jolla, CA 92093, 858-246-4968
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22
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Hui TT, Garvey L, Olasoji M. Perspectives of mental health clinicians on physical health of young people with early psychosis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023. [PMID: 38012093 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the views and understanding of youth mental health clinicians with regard to the physical health of young people with early psychosis and their perspectives on lifestyle interventions improving the health and well-being of young people with early psychosis. Physical health disparities leading to premature mortality among people with mental illness are well evident in the literature. Mental health and physical health are directly correlated. The risk of poor physical health often begins before the onset of mental ill health. Young people with early psychosis are highly susceptible to poor physical health. A co-designed integrated approach focusing on early prevention and intervention in overall well-being and health is imminent for this targeted population to prevent poor physical health trajectory across the lifespan. Ten clinicians were recruited and participated in this study through semi-structured interviews. Five themes were identified: (i) Impact of early psychosis, (ii) Focus of care, (iii) Conversations around physical health, (iv) Co-location of specialist roles and (v) Health literacy. The findings of this study confirm the dimensional impact of early psychosis on the well-being and health of young people through the vicious cycle of early psychosis. Promotion of health literacy along with social connectedness and elements of self-determination, as well as having a prime focus on the individuals' experience in the journey of health promotion through participation in lifestyle interventions, has been identified as critically prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ting Hui
- Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Loretta Garvey
- Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology Australia, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Olasoji
- Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Cosme D, Mobasser A, Pfeifer JH. If you're happy and you know it: neural correlates of self-evaluated psychological health and well-being. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad065. [PMID: 37930824 PMCID: PMC10684270 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological health and well-being have important implications for individual and societal thriving. Research underscores the subjective nature of well-being, but how do individuals intuit this subjective sense of well-being in the moment? This pre-registered study addresses this question by examining the neural correlates of self-evaluated psychological health and their dynamic relationship with trial-level evaluations. Participants (N = 105) completed a self-evaluation task and made judgments about three facets of psychological health and positive functioning-self-oriented well-being, social well-being and ill-being. Consistent with pre-registered hypotheses, self-evaluation elicited activity in the default mode network, and there was strong spatial overlap among constructs. Trial-level analyses assessed whether and how activity in a priori regions of interest-perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and ventral striatum-were related to subjective evaluations. These regions explained additional variance in whether participants endorsed or rejected items but were differentially related to evaluations. Stronger activity in pgACC was associated with a higher probability of endorsement across constructs, whereas stronger activity in vmPFC was associated with a higher probability of endorsing ill-being items, but a lower probability of endorsing self-oriented and social well-being items. These results add nuance to neurocognitive accounts of self-evaluation and extend our understanding of the neurobiological basis of subjective psychological health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cosme
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arian Mobasser
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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Glover L, Sutton J, O'Brien E, Sims M. Social Networks and Cardiovascular Disease Events in the Jackson Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030149. [PMID: 37947082 PMCID: PMC10727286 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects Black adults. Greater social networks (SNs), or social connectedness, may lower the risk of CVD events. This study determined the association of SNs and incident CVD and tested mediation by depressive symptoms, hypertension control, and diabetes control. Methods and Results We used the Social Network Index at exam 1 (2000-2004) to develop a continuous standardized SN score and binary categories (high versus low) among participants in the Jackson Heart Study (n=4686; mean age, 54.8 years). Surveillance of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure events occurred after exam 1 (2005 for HF) until 2016. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated the association of SNs and CVD events by sex and tested the mediation of depressive symptoms, hypertension control, and diabetes control. Models adjusted for age, education, health behaviors, CVD comorbidities, and depressive symptoms. Among women, the SN score was associated with a lower hazard of stroke, coronary heart disease, and heart failure after full adjustment (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78 [95% CI, 0.64-0.95]; HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71-0.88]; and HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66-0.92], respectively). SN scores were also associated with a lower hazard of coronary heart disease in men (HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.75-0.94]) after full adjustment. High versus low SNs were associated with a lower hazard of coronary heart disease and heart failure among women after full adjustment. There was no evidence of mediation by depressive symptoms, diabetes control, and hypertension control. Conclusions Higher SNs may lower the risk of CVD events, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- LáShauntá Glover
- Department of Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
| | - Janiyah Sutton
- Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Emily O'Brien
- Department of Population Health SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public HealthUniversity of California Riverside School of MedicineRiversideCAUSA
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Lan Z, Liu H, Huang X, Wang Q, Deng F, Li J. The Impact of Academic Pressure and Peer Support on Adolescents' Loneliness: A Polynomial Regression and Response Surface Analysis. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4617-4627. [PMID: 37954932 PMCID: PMC10637237 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s435977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the impact of the match between academic pressure and peer support on adolescents' sense of loneliness and examine whether social connectedness played a mediating role, using a polynomial regression and response surface analysis. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted with 1277 adolescents from two cities in Sichuan Province, China, to investigate their academic pressure, peer support, social connectedness, and sense of loneliness. Results (1) Adolescents' sense of loneliness positively correlated with their level of academic pressure and negatively correlated with their degree of peer support. (2) Social connectedness played a mediating role in the relationship between academic pressure, peer support, and sense of loneliness. (3) Adolescents with high academic pressure and low peer support had weaker social connectedness than those with low academic pressure and high peer support. (4) Adolescents with high academic pressure and high peer support had stronger social connectedness than those with low academic pressure and low peer support. Discussion The study revealed the mechanism through which a match (or mismatch) between academic pressure and peer support influenced adolescents' sense of loneliness and validated the mediating role of social connectedness. The study enriches the developmental theory of adolescent loneliness and provides research experience for future interventions targeting adolescent loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensong Lan
- School of Public Administration, Hechi University, Yizhou, Guangxi, 546300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaqiang Liu
- School of Law and Public Administration, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, People’s Republic of China
- Yibin Ronghe Social Work Service Center, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefang Huang
- School of Teacher Education, Hechi University, Yizhou, Guangxi, 546300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fafang Deng
- School of Public Administration, Hechi University, Yizhou, Guangxi, 546300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juchao Li
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People’s Republic of China
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Ellard OB, Dennison C, Tuomainen H. Review: Interventions addressing loneliness amongst university students: a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023; 28:512-523. [PMID: 36496554 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is detrimental to mental health, with university students at higher risk of feeling lonely than other population groups. However, little research has explored interventions to reduce loneliness among students. This review identifies the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions targeting university/college students. METHODS PsycINFO, Medline, ASSIA and Web of Science were searched from inception using keywords linked to 'loneliness', 'intervention' and 'students'. Relevant peer and nonpeer-reviewed English-language articles on studies implementing an intervention with loneliness as an outcome and investigating undergraduate or postgraduate students at a higher education institution were included for quality analysis and narrative synthesis. Risk of bias was assessed at both study level and at outcome level. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles were included, comprising 25 quantitative and three qualitative studies, covering 37 interventions, most implemented in the United States. Interventions were based on psychoeducation, social support groups, increasing social interaction or reflective exercises. The age of the participants (n = 2339) ranged from 17.62 to 25 (mean age 20.63) years. Evidence from the RCTs suggests that most interventions influenced loneliness outcomes, but the magnitude of the benefit is unclear. Across quantitative studies, 80% (16/20) of interventions based on either social support groups, increasing social interaction or reflective exercises, and 50% (7/14) of interventions based on psychoeducation were deemed effective in reducing loneliness. Most interventions measured quantitatively were delivered in a group setting, of which two thirds were considered effective in reducing loneliness scores, regardless of intervention. CONCLUSIONS Universities have a choice of interventions to help reduce loneliness among students either on campus or virtually. Ones promoting social connectedness appear to be more successful. More high-quality studies in a larger number of countries are needed, taking vulnerable student groups into consideration.
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Lim E, Nielsen N, Lapane L, Barooah A, Xu S, Qu S, McPhillips E, Dube CE, Lapane K. Health effects of social connectedness in older adults living in congregate long-term care settings: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Int J Older People Nurs 2023; 18:e12577. [PMID: 37803996 PMCID: PMC10843483 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall impact of social connectedness on health outcomes in older adults living in nursing homes and assisted living settings is unknown. Given the unclear health impact of social connectedness for older adults in congregate long-term care settings worldwide, a comprehensive systematic review is required to evaluate the overall relationship between social connectedness and health outcomes for them. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article was to synthesize the literature regarding the health impact of social connectedness among older adults living in nursing homes or assisted living settings. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, we identified eligible studies from Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane databases (1990-2021). Bias and quality reporting assessment was performed using standardized criteria for cohort, cross sectional and qualitative studies. At each stage, ≥ 2 researchers conducted independent evaluations. RESULTS Of the 7350 articles identified, 25 cohort (follow-up range: 1 month-11 years; with two also contributing to cross sectional), 86 cross sectional, eight qualitative and two mixed methods were eligible. Despite different instruments used, many residents living in nursing homes and assisted living settings had reduced social engagement. Quantitative evidence supports a link between higher social engagement and health outcomes most studied (e.g. depression, quality of life). Few studies evaluated important health outcomes (e.g. cognitive and functional decline). Most cohort studies showed that lack of social connectedness accelerated time to death. CONCLUSIONS Social connectedness may be an important modifiable risk factor for adverse health outcomes for older adults living in nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Most studies were cross sectional and focused on quality of life and mental health outcomes. Longitudinal studies suggest that higher social engagement delays time to death. Evidence regarding other health outcomes important to older adults was scant and requires further longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lim
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Wheatley Hall, 100 William T. Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Natalia Nielsen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lucienne Lapane
- Boston University, School of Social Work, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Adrita Barooah
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Wheatley Hall, 100 William T. Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Wheatley Hall, 100 William T. Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Shan Qu
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Wheatley Hall, 100 William T. Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Emily McPhillips
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Catherine E. Dube
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kate Lapane
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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Garnett A, Yurkiv H, Booth R, Connelly D, Donelle L. Web-Based Presence for Social Connectedness in Long-Term Care: Protocol for a Qualitative Multimethods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e50137. [PMID: 37889518 PMCID: PMC10638636 DOI: 10.2196/50137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant restrictions on social gatherings significantly impacted many peoples' sense of social connectedness, defined as an individual's subjective sense of having close relationships with others. Older adults living in long-term care homes (LTCHs) experienced extreme restrictions on social gatherings, which negatively impacted their physical and mental health as well as the health and well-being of their family caregivers. Their experiences highlighted the need to reconceptualize social connectedness. In particular, the pandemic highlighted the need to explore novel ways to attain fulfilling relationships with others in the absence of physical gatherings such as through the use of a hybridized system of web-based and in-person presence. OBJECTIVE Given the potential benefits and challenges of web-based presence technology within LTCHs, the proposed research objectives are to (1) explore experiences regarding the use of web-based presence technology (WPT) in support of social connectedness between older adults in LTCHs and their family members, and (2) identify the contextual factors that must be addressed for successful WPT implementation within LTCHs. METHODS This study will take place in south western Ontario, Canada, and be guided by a qualitative multimethod research design conducted in three stages: (1) qualitive description with in-depth qualitative interviews guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and analyzed using content analysis; (2) qualitative description and document analysis methodologies, informed by content and thematic analysis methods; and (3) explicit between-methods triangulation of study findings from stages 1 and 2, interpretation of findings and development of a guiding framework for technology implementation within LTCHs. Using a purposeful, maximum variation sampling approach, stage 1 will involve recruiting approximately 45 participants comprising a range of older adults, family members (30 participants) and staff (15 participants) within several LTCH settings. In stage 2, theoretical sampling will be used to recruit key LTCH stakeholders (directors, administrators, and IT support). In stage 3, the findings from stages 1 and 2 will be triangulated and interpreted to develop a working framework for WPT usage within LTCHs. RESULTS Data collection will begin in fall 2023. The findings emerging from this study will provide insights and understanding about how the factors, barriers, and facilitators to embedding and spreading WPT in LTCHs may benefit or negatively impact older adults in LTCHs, family caregivers, and staff and administrators of LTCHs. CONCLUSIONS The results of this research study will provide a greater understanding of potential approaches that could be used to successfully integrate WPTs in LTCHs. Additionally, benefits as well as challenges for older adults in LTCHs, family caregivers, and staff and administrators of LTCHs will be identified. These findings will help increase knowledge and understanding of how WPT may be used to support social connectedness between older adults in LTCHs and their family members. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/50137.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garnett
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Halyna Yurkiv
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Booth
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Denise Connelly
- School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Aoun SM, Bear N, Rumbold B. The compassionate communities connectors program: effect on healthcare usage. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2023; 17:26323524231205323. [PMID: 37901153 PMCID: PMC10612440 DOI: 10.1177/26323524231205323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Public health approaches to palliative and end-of-life care focus on enhancing the integration of services and providing a comprehensive approach that engages the assets of local communities. However, few studies have evaluated the relative costs and benefits of providing care using these service models. Objectives To assess the effect on healthcare usage of a community-based palliative care program ('Compassionate Communities Connectors') where practical and social support was delivered by community volunteers to people living with advanced life-limiting illnesses in regional Western Australia. Design Controlled before-and-after study/Cost-consequence analysis. Methods A total of 43 community-based patients participated in the program during the period 2020-2022. A comparator population of 172 individuals with advanced life-limiting illnesses was randomly selected from usage data from the same set of health services. Results Relative to controls, the intervention group had lower hospitalizations per month [Incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18-0.77, p = 0.007], less hospital days per month (IRR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.11-0.49, p < 0.001) and less emergency presentations (IRR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34-0.94, p = 0.028. The frequency of outpatient contacts overall was two times higher for the intervention group (IRR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.11-3.86, p = 0.022), indicating the Connector program may have shifted individuals away from the hospital system and toward community-based care. Estimated net savings of $AUD 518,701 would be achieved from adopting the Connector program, assuming enrollment of 100 patients over an average 6-month participation period. Conclusion This combined healthcare usage and economic analysis of the 'Compassionate Communities Connectors' program demonstrates the benefits of optimizing palliative care services using home-based and community-centered interventions, with gains for the health system through improved patient outcomes and reduced total healthcare costs (including fewer hospitalizations and readmissions). These findings, coupled with the other published results, suggest that investment in the Connectors program has the capacity to reduce net health sector expenditure while also improving outcomes for people with life-limiting illnesses. Trial Registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12620000326998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M. Aoun
- School of Medicine, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, 8 Verdun St, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Natasha Bear
- Institute of Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Bruce Rumbold
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
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Thomson LJM, Spiro N, Williamon A, Chatterjee HJ. The Impact of Culture-, Health- and Nature-Based Engagement on Mitigating the Adverse Effects of Public Health Restrictions on Wellbeing, Social Connectedness and Loneliness during COVID-19: Quantitative Evidence from a Smaller- and Larger-Scale UK Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6943. [PMID: 37887681 PMCID: PMC10606618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous UK surveys conducted during COVID-19 examined the pandemic's detrimental effects on health, and the consequences of lockdown and other public health restrictions on mental health. Some surveys considered specific populations and social inequities exacerbated during COVID-19. Fewer surveys examined the ways in which the adverse effects of public health restrictions, such as lockdown, shielding and social distancing, might be alleviated. Drawing upon self-determination theory, the purpose of the current study was to assess whether culture-, health- and nature-based engagement would mitigate the effects of these restrictions on psychological wellbeing, social connectedness and loneliness. Quantitative data from a smaller-scale survey (n = 312) and a subset of questions embedded in a larger-scale survey (n = 3647) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods. Frequency of engagement, whether participation was online or offline and with or without other people, and the extent to which type of participation was associated with psychological wellbeing, social connectedness and loneliness were examined. Sports and fitness, gardening and reading occurred frequently in both surveys. For the smaller-scale survey, increases in connectedness and frequency of participation and decreases in loneliness were significantly associated with improved wellbeing, whereas the type of participation and age range were not significant predictors. Outcomes from the smaller-scale survey approximated the larger-scale survey for measures of loneliness, type and frequency of participation and proportion of respondents in each age range. As the frequency of participation was a significant predictor of wellbeing, but the type of participation was not significant, the findings implied that any type of participation in a sufficient quantity would be likely to boost wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J. M. Thomson
- UCL Arts & Sciences, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
- UCL Biosciences, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Neta Spiro
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London SW7 2BS, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (N.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Aaron Williamon
- Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London SW7 2BS, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (N.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Helen J. Chatterjee
- UCL Arts & Sciences, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
- UCL Biosciences, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK
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Hoggart L, Purcell C, Bloomer F, Newton V, Oluseye A. Social connectedness and supported self-management of early medication abortion in the UK: experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic and learning for the future. Cult Health Sex 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37830180 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2258189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Medication abortion has been established globally as safe and effective. This modality has increased accessibility and the opportunity to centre individual autonomy at the heart of abortion care, by facilitating self-managed abortion. Previous research has shown how self-managed abortion is beneficial in myriad settings ranging from problematic to (relatively) unproblematic contexts of access. In this paper we explore the relationship between self-management and sources of support (including health professionals, family, and friends); as well as considering issues of reproductive control and autonomy. Drawing on qualitative, experience-centred interviews, we utilise the concept of social connectedness to examine how supported self-managed abortion was experienced in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, self-management was welcomed, with participants speaking positively about managing their own abortion at home. However, a sense of connectedness was crucial in helping participants deal with difficult experiences; and functioned to support individual autonomy in self-care. This paper is the first to examine factors of connection, support, and isolation, as experienced by those undergoing self-managed abortion in the UK in detail. Our research suggests a continued need to advocate for high quality support for self-managed abortion, as well as for choice of abortion method, to support patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hoggart
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education & Language Studies, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Carrie Purcell
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education & Language Studies, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Bloomer
- School of Applied Social and Policy Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Victoria Newton
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education & Language Studies, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Ayomide Oluseye
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education & Language Studies, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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Wieczorek M, Meier C, Kliegel M, Maurer J. Relationship Between Health Literacy and Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviours in Older Adults Living in Switzerland: Does Social Connectedness Matter? Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606210. [PMID: 37876738 PMCID: PMC10590881 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the association between health literacy (HL) and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and to explore the moderating role of social connectedness in this relationship in older adults in Switzerland. Methods: We used data from 1,455 respondents to Wave 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Associations between the number of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours (smoking, risky alcohol consumption, suboptimal daily consumption of fruits/vegetables, lack of vigorous physical activity) and HL were examined using multivariable Poisson regression models, which allowed for interactions between HL and social connectedness to test the moderation hypothesis. Results: Respondents with inadequate HL were significantly more likely to have a higher number of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours than respondents with sufficient HL. We found a stronger positive association between inadequate HL and the number of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours among socially isolated individuals. Conclusion: Greater social connectedness seems to buffer the negative impact of inadequate HL on unhealthy lifestyle behaviours in older adults, highlighting the importance of good HL for healthy lifestyles, especially in individuals with low social reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Wieczorek
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clément Meier
- Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences (FORS), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Maurer
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Plesko CM, Yu Z, Tobin K, Richman R, Gross D. A mixed-methods study of parents' social connectedness in a group-based parenting program in low-income communities. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2023; 94:1-14. [PMID: 37796597 PMCID: PMC10922201 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Group-based parent training (PT) is an evidence-based approach for strengthening parenting skills and reducing child behavior problems. However, there has been little research on the social connectedness (SC) formed among PT participants, particularly in low-income communities where parents may be more socially isolated. This study describes SC formed among parents in a group-based PT program implemented in their children's school and its association with changes in child behavior. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, data collection occurred between 2020 and 2022. Parents (n = 97) completed measures of their SC to other parents in their PT group and their child's behavior. Qualitative interviews with a representative subsample of parents (n = 17) were also conducted to understand parents' perceptions and experiences of SC within their PT group. Parents reported high levels of SC (M = 4.45 [range = 3.04-5 on scale of 1-5]; SD = 0.4). From baseline to postintervention, the number of children with child behavior problems significantly decreased (32.12%, 37.5% behavior intensity and problems, respectively). The magnitude of decline in child behavior problems was significantly related to parents' SC (b = -11.52, p = .02, SE = 4.99). Qualitative data confirmed high levels of SC, which parents linked to improvements in their parenting and children's behavior. Themes focused on the building of connections, committing to a safe space with parents who share similar goals, supporting one another, and gaining connections within the school environment and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results highlight the potential synergistic effects of SC formed in the context of group-based PT with implications for strengthening parenting skills and children's well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karin Tobin
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca Richman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deborah Gross
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
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Fox RS, Armstrong GE, Gaumond JS, Vigoureux TF, Miller CH, Sanford SD, Salsman JM, Katsanis E, Badger TA, Reed DR, Gonzalez BD, Jim HS, Warner EL, Victorson DE, Oswald LB. Social isolation and social connectedness among young adult cancer survivors: A systematic review. Cancer 2023; 129:2946-2965. [PMID: 37489837 PMCID: PMC10584376 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation and connectedness are social determinants of health that have demonstrated effects on cancer-related outcomes. These constructs have been systematically evaluated among pediatric and older adult cancer populations. In this review, the authors evaluated the prevalence, correlates, and psychosocial implications of social isolation and connectedness among young adult (YA) cancer survivors aged 18-39 years. METHODS Peer-reviewed articles published in English before June 2021 were identified from database searches and included articles' reference lists according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Included articles described studies that assessed social isolation and/or connectedness among YA cancer survivors. RESULTS In total, 5094 unique records were identified; 4143 were excluded after title/abstract screening, and 907 were excluded after full-text review. Forty-four articles were included. Few studies used validated measures or directly assessed social isolation or connectedness. Social isolation was similarly prevalent among YAs and older cancer survivors and noncancer populations. Demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk and protective factors for social isolation were identified. Social isolation was related to worse psychological well-being, whereas social connectedness was often, but not always, related to better psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS This growing literature underscores the relevance of social isolation and connectedness as important health determinants among YA cancer survivors. The identified risk and protective factors can identify YAs who especially may benefit from screening for social isolation. Future studies are needed that directly, reliably, and validly evaluate social isolation and connectedness to inform the development of interventions to decrease isolation and increase connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina S. Fox
- University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace E. Armstrong
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julia S. Gaumond
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Corinne H. Miller
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stacy D. Sanford
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John M. Salsman
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Terry A. Badger
- University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Echo L. Warner
- University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David E. Victorson
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pfau M, Degregori S, Johnson G, Tennenbaum SR, Barber PH, Philson CS, Blumstein DT. The social microbiome: gut microbiome diversity and abundance are negatively associated with sociality in a wild mammal. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:231305. [PMID: 37830026 PMCID: PMC10565414 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a well-documented relationship with host fitness. Greater microbial diversity and abundance of specific microbes have been associated with improved fitness outcomes. Intestinal microbes also may be associated with patterns of social behaviour. However, these associations have been largely studied in captive animal models; we know less about microbiome composition as a potential driver of individual social behaviour and position in the wild. We used linear mixed models to quantify the relationship between fecal microbial composition, diversity and social network traits in a wild population of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer). We focused our analyses on microbes previously linked to sociability and neurobehavioural alterations in captive rodents, primates and humans. Using 5 years of data, we found microbial diversity (Shannon-Wiener and Faith's phylogenetic diversity) has a modest yet statistically significant negative relationship with the number of social interactions an individual engaged in. We also found a negative relationship between Streptococcus spp. relative abundance and two social network measures (clustering coefficient and embeddedness) that quantify an individual's position relative to others in their social group. These findings highlight a potentially consequential relationship between microbial composition and social behaviour in a wild social mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Pfau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Sam Degregori
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Gina Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Stavi R. Tennenbaum
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, PO Box 519, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Paul H. Barber
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Conner S. Philson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, PO Box 519, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
| | - Daniel T. Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, PO Box 519, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
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Minihan S, Orben A, Songco A, Fox E, Ladouceur CD, Mewton L, Moulds M, Pfeifer JH, Van Harmelen AL, Schweizer S. Social determinants of mental health during a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1701-1713. [PMID: 35796203 PMCID: PMC7615306 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Belonging is a basic human need, with social isolation signaling a threat to biological fitness. Sensitivity to ostracism varies across individuals and the lifespan, peaking in adolescence. Government-imposed restrictions upon social interactions during COVID-19 may therefore be particularly detrimental to young people and those most sensitive to ostracism. Participants (N = 2367; 89.95% female, 11-100 years) from three countries with differing levels of government restrictions (Australia, UK, and USA) were surveyed thrice at three-month intervals (May 2020 - April 2021). Young people, and those living under the tightest government restrictions, reported the worst mental health, with these inequalities in mental health remaining constant throughout the study period. Further dissection of these results revealed that young people high on social rejection sensitivity reported the most mental health problems at the final assessment. These findings help account for the greater impact of enforced social isolation on young people's mental health, and open novel avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Orben
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elaine Fox
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susanne Schweizer
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Poudel PG, Horan MR, Brinkman TM, Wang Z, Robison LL, Hudson MM, Huang IC. Interventions with Social Integration Components Addressing Psychosocial Outcomes of Young- and Middle-Aged Adult Cancer Individuals: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4710. [PMID: 37835404 PMCID: PMC10571739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of adult cancer patients/survivors encounter social challenges (e.g., obtaining social support, maintaining social relationships, feelings of social isolation). This systematic review summarizes intervention studies addressing social integration or social connectedness issues among young- and middle-aged cancer patients/survivors. METHODS We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases (January 2000-May 2021) to identify intervention studies that addressed social integration, social connectedness, social support, and social isolation for cancer patients/survivors in young- and middle-aged adulthood (18-64.9 years) through a randomized controlled trial (RCT). We categorized the interventions as technology-based, non-technology-based, and mixed-type (technology- and non-technology-based). RESULTS A total of 28 studies were identified. These interventions demonstrated improved social outcomes (e.g., increased social support, decreased loneliness), increased awareness of available cancer-related resources, and better patient-reported outcomes among patients/survivors versus controls. Specifically, the use of internet-based discussion sessions was associated with improved social cohesion and social support. Receiving social support from peers through networking sites was associated with improved physical activity. Additionally, implementing mixed-type interventions led to better social support from peer survivors, less fear of social interactions, and improved social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS Using existing technology- and/or non-technology-based platforms to facilitate social connectedness among cancer patients/survivors in young- or middle-aged adulthood can help them cope with stressful life circumstances and improve quality-of-life. Further interventions targeting social integration (e.g., social network interventions) are needed to improve the complex social integration challenges experienced by cancer patients and survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya G. Poudel
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (P.G.P.); (M.R.H.); (T.M.B.); (Z.W.); (L.L.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Madeline R. Horan
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (P.G.P.); (M.R.H.); (T.M.B.); (Z.W.); (L.L.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Tara M. Brinkman
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (P.G.P.); (M.R.H.); (T.M.B.); (Z.W.); (L.L.R.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Psychology and Biobehavioral Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (P.G.P.); (M.R.H.); (T.M.B.); (Z.W.); (L.L.R.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (P.G.P.); (M.R.H.); (T.M.B.); (Z.W.); (L.L.R.); (M.M.H.)
| | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (P.G.P.); (M.R.H.); (T.M.B.); (Z.W.); (L.L.R.); (M.M.H.)
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - I-Chan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (P.G.P.); (M.R.H.); (T.M.B.); (Z.W.); (L.L.R.); (M.M.H.)
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Dillon D, Lee STH. Green Spaces as Healthy Places: Correlates of Urban Green Space Use in Singapore. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6711. [PMID: 37681851 PMCID: PMC10487881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, when stress levels were heightened and social connections were threatened, a spike in green space visits was observed. Drawing upon the value-belief-norm (VBN) theory, which explains the influence of personal values and world view on perceived obligations to the environment and to action, relevant correlates were examined in relation to people's psychological wellbeing in a bid to better elucidate this phenomenon. We aimed to explore the associations amongst a number of protective factors for psychological wellbeing and to examine the applicability of the VBN theory to wellbeing rather than environmental behaviour. Our research aim was to understand some of the correlates of the use of urban green spaces in Singapore during COVID-19. In total, 268 adult residents of Singapore completed an online survey measuring proximity/frequency of visits to green space, value orientations, nature connectedness, social connectedness, religious belief, spirituality and psychological wellbeing, along with sociodemographic variables such as age and gender. As predicted by the VBN theory, biospheric value orientation and spirituality were positively associated with nature connectedness. The nature connectedness association with psychological wellbeing was completely mediated by spirituality. Frequency of visits to nature was also positively associated with nature connectedness. Neither proximity to nature nor social connectedness were associated with nature connectedness. An altruistic value orientation was associated only with religious belief. Our results indicate that during uncertain times, people are drawing on either social or nature connections as coping mechanisms to fulfil psychological needs and enhance psychological wellbeing. Spirituality mediates this pathway for nature connectedness but not for social connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Dillon
- School of Social and Health Sciences, James Cook University, Singapore 387380, Singapore;
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Ke Y, Zhang T, Xu J, Chai X. How social connectedness contributes to life satisfaction among Chinese nurses: Testing potential moderated mediation pathways. Int Nurs Rev 2023; 70:315-321. [PMID: 37071893 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating and moderating mechanisms by which social connectedness predicts life satisfaction among Chinese nurses. BACKGROUND Previous researchers have primarily focused on sociodemographic and occupational domain risk factors for nurses' life satisfaction with relatively little insight into facilitative and protective factors and underlying psychological mechanisms. METHODS We investigated 459 Chinese nurses' social connectedness, work-family enrichment, self-concept clarity, and life satisfaction via a cross-sectional design. We explored the underlying predictive mechanisms among these variables by creating a moderated mediation model. We followed STROBE checklist. RESULTS Work-family enrichment played a mediating role in understanding the positive effects of social connectedness on nurses' life satisfaction. In addition, the moderating effect of self-concept clarity was manifested itself in the association between work-family enrichment and life satisfaction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Interpersonal asset (social connectedness) and the positive aspect of the work-family interface (work-family enrichment) were significant contributors to nurses' life satisfaction. In particular, high self-concept clarity can enhance the beneficial effect of work-family enrichment on life satisfaction. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY AND PRACTICE Strengthening social connectedness, promoting synergy in work-family roles, and maintaining a clarity of self-concept are important intervention pathways to enhance the health and well-being of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Ke
- Center of Health Administration and Development Studies, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Center of Health Administration and Development Studies, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jianghua Xu
- Center of Health Administration and Development Studies, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Center of Health Administration and Development Studies, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Schwartz HI. The Mind of the Mass School Shooter. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2023; 51:314-319. [PMID: 37657827 DOI: 10.29158/jaapl.230041-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold I Schwartz
- Dr Schwartz is Psychiatrist in Chief, Emeritus, the Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, and Professor of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT.
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Salazar SMDC, Dino MJS, Macindo JRB. Social connectedness and health-related quality of life among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A mixed method approach using structural equation modelling and photo-elicitation. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:6298-6309. [PMID: 36894524 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and test the model of association of social connectedness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and to describe their social connectedness through photo-elicitation. BACKGROUND Social connectedness has been empirically associated with several well-being outcomes. However, little is known on the association of social connectedness among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS Employing a mixed-methods design following the good reporting of a mixed methods study guideline, the quantitative approach involved 230 consecutively-selected patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy who answered a three-part survey. From these patients, six informants participated in the photo-elicitation and key informant interview sessions. Gathered data were quantitatively analyzed using structural equation modelling and qualitatively processed using polytextual thematic analysis. RESULTS AND FINDINGS Social connectedness had a positive influence on social well-being (β = .22, p = .008) and emotional well-being (β = .20, p = .023); however, it had a negative effect on functional well-being (β = -.20, p = .007). The overall model revealed good model indices: χ2 /df = .82, RMSEA = .01, GFI = 1.00. Qualitative analysis culled from photo-elicitation uncovered five interconnected themes yielding the Honeycomb model of social connectedness which was composed of correspondence, cohesion, constitution, convergence and corroboration. CONCLUSION HRQoL among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy is a multi-factorial health construct affected by social connectedness. The presented model emphasises the importance of social connectedness and paves way for the development of appropriate strategies to promote social connectedness among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The findings provide impetus in the modification and development of appropriate practices, policies and strategies in promoting social connectedness. These approaches are geared towards patient-family empowerment and health education techniques to ascertain that assistance from significant others is provided without limiting the patient's autonomy or independence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Rey B Macindo
- Faculty of Management and Development Studies, University of the Philippines - Open University, Los Baños, Philippines
- Nursing Service Division, AMOSUP Seamen's Hospital, Manila, Philippines
- TOP UP Training Center and Research Consultancy Inc, Manila, Philippines
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Abed Alah M, Abdeen S, Kehyayan V, Bougmiza I. The Triple "S" Impact of COVID-19: Nationwide Evidence of the Impact of the Stress Associated With Restrictive Measures on Substance Use, Sleep, and Social Connectedness in Qatar. J Psychiatr Pract 2023; 29:403-414. [PMID: 37678370 PMCID: PMC10478680 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Countries worldwide implemented social and movement restrictions to contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Unfortunately, such restrictions have adversely impacted people's lifestyles. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19-related restrictive measures on substance use, sleep, and social connectedness in Qatar's population. METHODS A web-based survey was conducted between January 2021 and February 2021 targeting adults ≥18 years of age who were residing in Qatar between March and August 2020. RESULTS A total of 1408 participants completed the survey. Of tobacco users in our sample, 36% reported increased tobacco use since the start of home confinement, while 41.6% of alcohol users reported decreased alcohol use. Concerning sleep, 46.1% reported an increase in average sleep duration per day (0.77 h mean increase, 95% CI: 0.66-0.88, P<0.001), and a third of participants reported poorer sleep quality. Of the participants, 39.6% felt socially disconnected. Perceived stress was found to be an independent predictor for increased use of tobacco, deterioration in sleep quality, and increased sleep duration during home confinement. CONCLUSIONS Restrictive measures related to COVID-19 resulted in both positive and negative impacts on the lifestyle of Qatar's population. Emphasis should be placed on encouraging people to adopt healthy strategies for coping with various stressors that arise during future home confinement measures. It is also necessary to address the persistence of adverse consequences in the postpandemic era.
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Hong M, Liang D, Lu T, Liu S. The effect of brief digital mindfulness-based interventions on increasing online charitable behavior in Chinese adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1213089. [PMID: 37599709 PMCID: PMC10433157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1213089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital mindfulness-based interventions (d-MBIs) have garnered significant research interest in recent years due to their psychological benefits. However, little is known about their impact on prosocial behaviors. This study investigates how d-MBIs impact prosocial behaviors where time spent is money, with Chinese adolescents as the subjects, through an online charity task (www.freerice.com). 119 students from a high school in China, who were inexperienced with mindfulness meditation, participated in this randomized controlled trial. The d-MBI group (N = 39) received online MBI guidance, while the face-to-face mindfulness-based intervention (f-MBI, N = 43) group underwent mindfulness intervention under personal tutors. The active control group (N = 37) completed a crossword task. Data analysis first involved repeated measures variance analysis, including pre-and post-intervention assessments. Subsequently, a two-way variance analysis was performed, with gender (female and male) and group (d-MBI, f-MBI, active control) as independent variables and the number of grains as dependent variables for the three groups of participants. Results showed that d-MBIs effectively improved empathy and compassion in Chinese adolescents, leading to increased rice donations to the United Nations World Food Program. These results underscore the positive effect of d-MBIs on prosociality and suggest their applicability in beneficial real-world situations involving prosocial behaviors, extending beyond previous research primarily conducted in artificial and hypothetical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hong
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Teng Lu
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shengchen Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Gao N, Eissenstat SJ, Oh TL. Social media use and academic, social, and career development among college students with disabilities. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:1790-1796. [PMID: 34437826 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the use of social media and its impact on the college life of students with disabilities. PARTICIPANTS 341 college students who identified as having disabilities were recruited from two universities in the Northeastern United. METHODS Multivariate multiple regression models examined the relationship between social media use and academic achievement, social connectedness, and work preparedness. RESULTS The findings indicate that students' GPA was not associated with any social media use variables, but the time spent on using social media was negatively associated with the work hope and social connectedness. Social media learning was positively associated with work preparedness and social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that social media used for learning purposes can have a positive impact on career and social development among college students with disabilities. However, the time spent for non-learning purposes did not show positive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Gao
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - SunHee J Eissenstat
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Tammy L Oh
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Counseling Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Blackwood, NJ, USA
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Yuen EYN, Wilson C, Livingston PM, White V, McLeod V, Dufton PH, Hutchinson AM. Caregiver and care recipient health literacy, social support and connectedness on caregiver psychological morbidity: A cross-sectional dyad survey. Psychooncology 2023; 32:1257-1267. [PMID: 37430441 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers play an important role supporting people diagnosed with cancer, yet report significant unmet information and support needs that impact on their psychological wellbeing. Health literacy and social connectedness are key factors that influence wellbeing, yet few studies have examined their relative role in psychological wellbeing of carers. This study investigated relationships between caregiver and care recipient health literacy, social support, and social connectedness on psychological morbidity in a cancer setting. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 125 caregiver-cancer care recipient dyads. Participants completed the Health Literacy Survey-EU-Q16, Social Connectedness Scale-Revised, the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS21). Relationships between factors were examined using hierarchical multiple regression with care recipient factors entered at Step 1 and caregiver factors at Step 2. RESULTS Most caregivers provided care for their spouse (69.6%); caregivers mean total DASS21 score was 24.38 (SD = 22.48). Mean DASS21 subscale scores for depression, anxiety, stress in caregivers were 4.02 (SD = 4.07), 2.7 (SD = 3.64), and 5.48 (SD = 4.24) respectively, suggesting normal range of depression and stress, and mild anxiety. Care recipients had a diagnosis of breast (46.4%), gastrointestinal (32.8%), lung (13.6%), or genitourinary (7.2%) cancer, and a mean DASS21 score of 31.95 (SD = 20.99). Mean DASS21 subscale scores for depression, anxiety, stress in care recipients were 5.10 (SD = 4.18), 4.26 (SD = 3.65), and 6.62 (SD = 3.99) respectively, suggesting mild depression and anxiety, and normal stress scores. Regression analyses showed that only caregiver factors (age, illness/disability, health literacy and social connectedness) were independent predictors of caregiver psychological morbidity (F [10,114] = 18.07, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION(S) Only caregiver, and not care recipient, factors were found to influence caregiver psychological morbidity. While both health literacy and social connectedness influenced caregiver psychological morbidity, perceived social connectedness had the strongest influence. Interventions that ensure caregivers have adequate health literacy skills, as well as understand the value of social connection when providing care, and are supported to develop skills to seek support, have the potential to promote optimal psychological wellbeing in cancer caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Y N Yuen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety - Monash Health Partnership, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Psycho-Oncology Research Unit, Olivia Newton John Cancer, Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlene Wilson
- School of Psychology and Public Health, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Psycho-Oncology Research Unit, Olivia Newton John Cancer, Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia M Livingston
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria White
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki McLeod
- Oncology Department, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Polly H Dufton
- Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer, Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison M Hutchinson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Quality and Patient Safety - Barwon Health Partnership, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Vella C, Berry C, Easterbrook MJ, Michelson D, Bogen-Johnston L, Fowler D. The mediating role of social connectedness and hope in the relationship between group membership continuity and mental health problems in vulnerable young people. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e130. [PMID: 37466044 PMCID: PMC10375864 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence of a beneficial effect of social group processes on well-being and mental health. AIMS To investigate the role of group membership continuity in reducing mental ill-health among young people who were already vulnerable pre-pandemic, and to understand the social and psychological mechanisms of the benefits of group memberships for vulnerable young people. METHOD This study takes a cross-sectional design, using survey data from a sample of 105 young people aged 16-35 years, collected approximately 1 year after the global COVID-19 outbreak (January to July 2021). Correlational and path analyses were used to test the associations between group membership continuity and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, psychotic-like experiences) and the mediation of these associations by hope and social connectedness (in-person and online). To correct for multiple testing, the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was implemented for all analyses. Indirect effects were assessed with coverage of 99% confidence intervals. RESULTS Multiple prior group memberships were associated with preservation of group memberships during the COVID-19 pandemic. In-person social connectedness, online social connectedness and hope mediated the relationship between group membership continuity and mental health problem symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that clinical and public health practice should support vulnerable young people to foster and maintain their social group memberships, hopefulness and perceived sense of social connectedness as means of helping to prevent exacerbation of symptoms and promote recovery of mental health problems, particularly during significant life events.
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Belli S, Aceros JC, Barrasa A, Selva C, Sini B, Curci A. Editorial: Emotions in digital contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1231258. [PMID: 37469896 PMCID: PMC10353310 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1231258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Belli
- Department of Social Anthropology and Social Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid and TRANSOC Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Aceros
- Industrial University of Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Clara Selva
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Barbara Sini
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Piedmont, Italy
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King B, Adepoju OE, Woodard L, Oluyomi AO, Zhang X, Amos CI, Badr H. The Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Social Connectedness and Psychological Distress in U.S. Adults with Chronic Diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6218. [PMID: 37444066 PMCID: PMC10341421 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Lockdown measures enacted in 2020 to control the spread of COVID-19 led to increases in the prevalence of mental health problems. Due to their high-risk status, individuals with chronic diseases may be at increased risk and disproportionately adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigators examined associations between having a high-risk chronic condition, social connectedness, and general distress and COVID-19-specific distress among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. Baseline measures of a longitudinal survey collected at the beginning of the pandemic (April to June 2020) were analyzed to identify factors associated with loss of social connectedness from pre- to post-lockdown. The associations between social connectedness and both general and COVID-19-specific psychological distress were adjusted for certain high-risk chronic illnesses and interaction effects. The sample available for analysis included 1354 subjects (262 high-risk chronic diseases and 1092 without chronic illness). Those reporting the loss of social connectedness were younger (median = 39 vs. 42) and more likely to be unemployed because of the pandemic (19.4% vs. 11.0%). Adjustment for interaction demonstrated a stronger negative association between social connectedness change and the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 for those with high-risk illness(es) (change in connectedness*chronic illness OR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.79-0.98, p = 0.020). These findings inform our understanding of the distribution and intersection of responses to public health lockdown orders in the U.S. and build further evidence of the importance of social connectedness on psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben King
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (O.E.A.); (L.W.)
- Humana Integrated Health Systems Sciences Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Omolola E. Adepoju
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (O.E.A.); (L.W.)
- Humana Integrated Health Systems Sciences Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - LeChauncy Woodard
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (O.E.A.); (L.W.)
- Humana Integrated Health Systems Sciences Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Abiodun O. Oluyomi
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.O.O.); (C.I.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology & Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.O.O.); (C.I.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Hoda Badr
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.O.O.); (C.I.A.); (H.B.)
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Aoun SM, Rosenberg J, Richmond R, Rumbold B. The Compassionate Communities Connectors programme: experiences of supported families and referring healthcare providers. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2023; 17:26323524231173705. [PMID: 37197223 PMCID: PMC10184225 DOI: 10.1177/26323524231173705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Comprehensive evaluations that include the experience of patients and service providers are vital if interventions are to be translated into the standard practice of health services and allow formal networks to work as partners with informal community networks. However, published evaluations are limited in the palliative care volunteering literature. The objective of the study is to explore the experiences and views of both patients and their family carers who received support and their referring healthcare providers concerning their participation in the Compassionate Communities Connectors programme, in the south-west region of Western Australia. Connectors identified and addressed gaps in community and healthcare provision by accessing resources and mobilising social networks of people with life-limiting illnesses. The perspectives of patients, carers and service providers concerning the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were sought. Methods Semistructured interviews were undertaken with 28 patients/families and 12 healthcare providers, resulting in 47 interviews in total (March 2021-April 2022). An inductive content analysis was used in analysing interview transcripts to identify key themes. Results Families greatly appreciated the support and enablement received from the Connectors. Healthcare providers were impressed with the high level of resourcefulness exhibited by the Connectors and perceived a great need for the programme, particularly for those socially isolated. Three themes captured the patients'/families' perspectives: connector as an advocate, increasing social connectedness and taking the pressure off families. Healthcare providers' perspectives were captured in three themes: reducing social isolation, filling a gap in service provision and building the capacity of the service. Conclusions Perspectives of patients/families and healthcare providers demonstrated the mediating role of Connectors. Each group saw the Connectors' contribution through the lens of their particular interests or needs. However, there were indications that the connection was shifting the way each group understood and practised care, encouraging or restoring agency to families and reminding healthcare providers that collaborating beyond the boundaries of their roles actually enhances the whole ecology of care. Using a Compassionate Communities approach to mobilise health and community sectors has the potential to develop a more holistic approach that addresses the social, practical and emotional domains of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Aoun
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - John Rosenberg
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Robyn Richmond
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bruce Rumbold
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
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Evans DS, O'Farrell A, Sheridan A, Kavanagh P. Social Connectedness and Smoking among Adolescents in Ireland: An Analysis of the Health Behaviour in Schoolchildren Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20095667. [PMID: 37174186 PMCID: PMC10178360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Continuing progress with preventing smoking initiation is a key to the tobacco endgame. Home- and school-based social networks shape the health behaviour of children and adolescents. This study described the relationship between social connectedness and smoking behaviour in school-aged children in Ireland. The 2014 Irish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveyed self-reported smoking status and measured perceptions of social connectedness and support with validated and reliable questions across a random stratified sample of 9623 schoolchildren (aged 10-19). Overall, 8% of school-aged children reported smoking, in the last 30 days 52% reported smoking daily, and prevalence increased with age (p < 0.001). Compared with schoolchildren who did not smoke, perceptions of social connectedness and perceptions of support at home, from peers, and at school were significantly poorer for schoolchildren who smoked across all measures examined (p < 0.001). The poorest rated measures were for school connectedness and teacher support for smokers. Policies and practices that build and support positive environments for schoolchildren must continue to be prioritised if progress on preventing smoking initiation is to be sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Evans
- National Social Inclusion Office, Health Service Executive, D20 KH63 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne O'Farrell
- Health Intelligence Unit, Health Service Executive, D20 DV79 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aishling Sheridan
- Tobacco Free Ireland Programme, Health Service Executive, DO1 W596 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Kavanagh
- Tobacco Free Ireland Programme, Health Service Executive, DO1 W596 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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