1
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Geiger JL, Ismaila N, Beadle B, Caudell JJ, Chau N, Deschler D, Glastonbury C, Kaufman M, Lamarre E, Lau HY, Licitra L, Moore MG, Rodriguez C, Roshal A, Seethala R, Swiecicki P, Ha P. Management of Salivary Gland Malignancy: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:1909-1941. [PMID: 33900808 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide evidence-based recommendations for practicing physicians and other healthcare providers on the management of salivary gland malignancy. METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, neuroradiology, pathology, and patient advocacy experts to conduct a literature search, which included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective and retrospective comparative observational studies published from 2000 through 2020. Outcomes of interest included survival, diagnostic accuracy, disease recurrence, and quality of life. Expert Panel members used available evidence and informal consensus to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations. RESULTS The literature search identified 293 relevant studies to inform the evidence base for this guideline. Six main clinical questions were addressed, which included subquestions on preoperative evaluations, surgical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, appropriate radiotherapy techniques, the role of systemic therapy, and follow-up evaluations. RECOMMENDATIONS When possible, evidence-based recommendations were developed to address the diagnosis and appropriate preoperative evaluations for patients with a salivary gland malignancy, therapeutic procedures, and appropriate treatment options in various salivary gland histologies.Additional information is available at www.asco.org/head-neck-cancer-guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marnie Kaufman
- Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Research Foundation, Needham, MA
| | | | | | - Lisa Licitra
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Ha
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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2
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Yang H, Zhang S, Wang J, Fan J, Qiao Y, Taylor PR. Oral leukoplakia and the long-term risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer deaths in the Linxian dysplasia population. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2804-2811. [PMID: 32808454 PMCID: PMC7529544 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate oral leukoplakia (OL) and risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer deaths in the Linxian Dysplasia Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) cohort. METHODS A total of 3318 subjects with esophageal squamous dysplasia enrolled on 1 May 1985, and were followed up until 30 September 2015. Participants with OL at baseline were treated as an exposed group, while the remainder was selected as a control group. All subjects were followed monthly and reviewed quarterly by the Linxian Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS During the 30-year follow-up, a total of 902 UGI cancer deaths occurred, including 541 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) related, 284 gastric cardia carcinoma (GCC) related, and 77 gastric noncardia carcinoma (GNCC) related deaths. Relative to subjects without OL, the long-term risk of ESCC mortality in participants with OL increased by 26.1% (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.52). In the subgroup analyses, adverse effects of OL on ESCC mortality were observed especially in younger subjects (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11-1.97), females (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.11-1.89), non-smokers (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15-1.81), nondrinkers (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.57), and individuals with a family history of cancer (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05-1.79). No associations were observed between OL and risk of GCC and GNCC mortality. CONCLUSIONS OL may increase the long-term risk of ESCC mortality, especially in younger subjects, females, nondrinkers, non-smokers, and subjects with a family cancer history. Future studies are needed to explore the potentially etiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Su Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jinhu Fan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Youlin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & GeneticsNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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3
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Meng Y, Yang P, Ma L. Prognostic and clinical implications of c-erbB-2 expression in patients with oral cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20575. [PMID: 32502026 PMCID: PMC7306320 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, many studies have suggested that the aberrant expression of c-erbB-2 existed in oral cancer (OC) patients and had a correlation with poor clinical features across OC patients. Considering the inconsistent results among published articles, we performed the meta-analysis to assess the prognostic and clinical effect of c-erbB-2 expression on oral tumors. METHODS Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed were retrieved to acquire relevant publications based on selection criteria, up to February 8, 2020. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were applied to evaluate the associations between c-erbB-2 expression and overall survival (OS), disease specific survival, disease-free survival as well as clinicopathology of OC. RESULTS A total of 30 literatures with 1499 patients for survival of OC were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that c-erbB-2 overexpression was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.53-2.55, P < .05), disease specific survival (HR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.11-4.10, P < .05) and disease-free survival (HR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.46-2.99, P < .05). Subgroup analysis based on race showed that the significant prognostic value of c-erbB-2 in OC was found both in Caucasians and Asians (OS of Caucasians, HR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.50-4.31, P < .05; OS of Asians, HR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.27-2.53, P < .05). Moreover, OC patients with enhanced c-erbB-2 expression were prone to male (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.22-3.19, P < .05), advanced TNM stage (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.17-2.88, P < .05), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.47-3.36, P < .05) and advanced grade (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.30-3.01, P < .05), but not associated with distant metastasis (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.98-3.04, P > .05). CONCLUSIONS c-erbB-2 may be a potential indicator in the prediction of prognosis and clinicopathological features in OC patients.
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Szewczyk M, Marszałek A, Sygut J, Golusiński P, Golusiński W. Prognostic markers in salivary gland cancer and their impact on survival. Head Neck 2019; 41:3338-3347. [PMID: 31246357 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of molecular markers in salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) is not well understood. We evaluated molecular marker expression and their prognostic value. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of 124 tumor specimens was performed to determine expression of androgen (AR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), programmed death ligand 1 receptor (PD-L1), and PD-L1 in tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cell (TIMC). Survival outcomes (disease-free survival [DFS] and overall survival [OS]), pT and N classification, margin status, and treatment failure were assessed. RESULTS Most patients (78; 62.9%) had early-stage SGC. AR positivity and EGFR positivity were detected in 21.0% and 78.6%, respectively, of tumors. AR positivity and PD-L1 negativity were associated with locally advanced disease. PD-L1-negativity was associated with higher recurrence (38.5% vs 0%; P < .001) and worse DFS. OS and DFS were worse in patients with AR+ or HER2+ disease. CONCLUSIONS Several molecular markers-AR and HER2 positivity and PD-L1 negativity-were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Prospective, multi-institutional trials are needed to determine the prognostic value of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Szewczyk
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Cancer Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Sygut
- Department of Cancer Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland.,Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
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5
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Błochowiak K, Sokalski J, Golusińska E, Trzybulska D, Witmanowski H, Bodnar M, Marszałek A. Salivary levels and immunohistochemical expression of selected angiogenic factors in benign and malignant parotid gland tumours. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:995-1006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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6
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Falcão ASC, da Costa Vasconcelos PF, Lobato da Silva DDF, Viana Pinheiro JDJ, Falcão LFM, Quaresma JAS. Mechanisms of human cytomegalovirus infection with a focus on epidermal growth factor receptor interactions. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27. [PMID: 29024283 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread opportunistic herpesvirus that causes severe diseases in immunocompromised individuals. It has a high prevalence worldwide that is linked with socioeconomic factors. Similar to other herpesviruses, HCMV has the ability to establish lifelong persistence and latent infection following primary exposure. HCMV infects a broad range of cell types. This broad tropism suggests that it may use multiple receptors for host cell entry. The identification of receptors used by HCMV is essential for understanding viral pathogenesis, because these receptors mediate the early events necessary for infection. Many cell surface components have been identified as virus receptors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is characterized by tyrosine kinase activity and plays a crucial role in the control of key cellular transduction pathways. EGFR is essential for HCMV binding, signaling, and host cell entry. This review focuses on HCMV infection via EGFR on different cell types and its implications for the cellular environment, viral persistence, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - João de Jesus Viana Pinheiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.,Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Pará State University, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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7
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Griffith CC, Schmitt AC, Little JL, Magliocca KR. New Developments in Salivary Gland Pathology: Clinically Useful Ancillary Testing and New Potentially Targetable Molecular Alterations. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:381-395. [PMID: 28234570 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0259-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of salivary gland tumors can be challenging because of the many diagnostic entities, the sometimes extensive morphologic overlap, and the rarity of most tumor types. Ancillary testing is beginning to ameliorate some of these challenges through access to newer immunohistochemical stains and fluorescence in situ hybridization probes, which can limit differential diagnostic considerations in some cases. These ancillary testing strategies are especially useful in small biopsy samples, including aspiration cytology. Molecular techniques are also expanding our understanding of salivary gland tumor pathology and are helping to identify potential targets that may improve treatment for some of these tumors. Here, we summarize the clinical use of new immunohistochemical markers in our practice and review the current understanding of chromosomal rearrangements in salivary gland tumor pathology, emphasizing the prospects for exploiting molecular alterations in salivary gland tumors for diagnosis and targeted therapy. We find that immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization are powerful tools toward the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors, especially when used in a systematic manner based on morphologic differential-diagnostic considerations. As new targeted therapies emerge, it will become increasingly vital to incorporate appropriate molecular testing into the pathologic evaluation of salivary gland cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kelly R Magliocca
- From the Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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8
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Dunn LA, Ho AL, Laurie SA, Pfister DG. Unmet needs for patients with salivary gland cancer. Oral Oncol 2016; 60:142-145. [PMID: 27377424 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Dunn
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan L Ho
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott A Laurie
- Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David G Pfister
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Jayaraj G, Sherlin HJ, Ramani P, Premkumar P, Anuja N. Cytomegalovirus and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A possible causal relationship? A pilot study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 19:319-24. [PMID: 26980959 PMCID: PMC4774284 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.174618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has tropism for salivary gland ductal epithelium and establishes a persistent and lifelong infection. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland tumor. Recent studies have established that mouse CMV-induced tumorigenesis displays histologic and molecular characteristics similar to human MEC. We wished to explore further down the lane by analyzing the expression of pp65 and the key oncogenic signaling pathway in cases of MEC and their etiological relevance in the Indian scenario as a pilot study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histopathologically confirmed cases of MEC (n = 4) and normal salivary gland tissue (n = 4) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using the markers pp65 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). RESULTS The pp65 antigen expression was found to be negative in all the studied cases and one case of high-grade MEC showed EGFR expression. CONCLUSION The purpose of the study was to explore the role of CMV in the development of MEC, as it might help to exploit this etiological agent as a therapeutic target. Similar to human papillomavirus (HPV), these might identify a subset of neoplasms with a varied biological behavior and alternative therapies. However, this vision is obscured by contradicting evidence in the literature. As of today, surgery remains the only best possible management for these patients unless proven otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gifrina Jayaraj
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Herald J Sherlin
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya Premkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Anuja
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Yin LX, Ha PK. Genetic alterations in salivary gland cancers. Cancer 2016; 122:1822-31. [PMID: 26928905 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers are an incredibly heterogeneous group of tumors that include 24 histologically distinct tumor types. The use of new genetic methods has paved the way for promising advancements in our understanding of the molecular biology underlying each type of tumor. The objective of this review was to highlight common oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and cytogenetic and epigenetic changes associated with the most common tumor types: mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, salivary duct carcinoma, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of each cancer subtype have helped better define and classify these tumors. Further research in salivary gland cancers should focus on determining the key genes involved in the tumorigenesis of each distinct malignancy and identifying individualized chemotherapies directed at these targets. Cancer 2016;122:1822-31. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda X Yin
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick K Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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11
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Prognostic factors and outcome analysis of salivary duct carcinoma. Auris Nasus Larynx 2015; 42:472-7. [PMID: 26028371 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is highly aggressive, with high rates of recurrence and nodal and distant metastases. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical implication of EGFR and HER2 expression for predicting prognosis and to identify the factors associated with outcome. METHODS The medical records of 28 patients with SDC underwent surgery and adjuvant RT. Expression of c-erbB-2 and EGFR was determined immunohistochemically on the 25 SDC specimens. Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were analyzed. RESULTS Three-year DFS, OS and DMFS rates were 38.3%, 78.1% and 45.7%, respectively. Expression of c-erbB-2 and EGFR was seen in 64% and 40%. c-erbB-2 and EGFR expression did not correlate with recurrence or metastasis. Advanced N classification and perineural invasion (PNI) were significant predictors of DFS and DMFS. CONCLUSION c-erbB-2 and EGFR expression did not correlate with recurrence or metastasis. Despite aggressive surgery and RT, approximately 50% of SDCs failed systemically. More effective therapy to inhibit distant metastases in patients with advanced N classification and PNI should be considered.
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12
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Zhu X, Zhang F, Zhang W, He J, Zhao Y, Chen X. Prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor in head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:387-97. [PMID: 24038070 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing PR China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
- School of Life Science; Wenzhou Medical College; Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province PR China
| | - Jing He
- Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- School of Life Science; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Xingming Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing PR China
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13
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Nakano T, Yamamoto H, Hashimoto K, Tamiya S, Shiratsuchi H, Nakashima T, Nishiyama KI, Higaki Y, Komune S, Oda Y. HER2andEGFRgene copy number alterations are predominant in high-grade salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma irrespective ofMAML2fusion status. Histopathology 2013; 63:378-92. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | | | | | - Hideki Shiratsuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - Torahiko Nakashima
- Department of Otolaryngology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Higaki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; National Kyushu Cancer Center; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - Shizuo Komune
- Department of Otolaryngology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
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14
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The Justy mutant mouse strain produces a spontaneous murine model of salivary gland cancer with myoepithelial and basal cell differentiation. J Transl Med 2013; 93:711-9. [PMID: 23608756 PMCID: PMC3669254 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified a novel mutant mouse strain on the C3HeB/FeJ background named Justy. This strain bears a recessive mutation in the Gon4l gene that greatly reduces expression of the encoded protein, a nuclear factor implicated in transcriptional regulation. Here, we report that Justy mutant mice aged 6 months or older spontaneously developed carcinomas with myoepithelial and basaloid differentiation in salivary glands with an incidence of ∼25%. Tumors developed proximate to submandibular glands and to a lesser extent in the sublingual and parotid glands. Histologically, tumors often had central cavitary lesions filled with necrotic debris that were lined by tumor cells, and had spindle and epithelioid cell differentiation with lesser basaloid to clear cell features. Tumor tissue often had variable evidence of a high mitotic rate, pleomorphism, and invasion into adjacent salivary glands. Neoplastic cells had diffuse immunoreactivity for pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and p63. Although CK5/6 immunostaining was seen in the much of the tumor cells, it was often lacking in pleomorphic areas. Tumor cells lacked immunoreactivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin, S100, c-Kit, and glial fibrillary acid protein. In addition, tumors had immunoreactivity for phosphorylated and total epidermal growth factor receptor, suggesting that EGFR signaling may participate in growth regulation of these tumors. These findings indicate that the salivary gland carcinomas occur spontaneously in Justy mice, and that these tumors may offer a valuable model for study of EGFR regulation. In combination, our data suggest that Justy mice warrant further investigation for use as a mouse model for human salivary gland neoplasia.
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15
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Clauditz TS, Gontarewicz A, Lebok P, Tsourlakis MC, Grob TJ, Münscher A, Sauter G, Bokemeyer C, Knecht R, Wilczak W. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in salivary gland carcinomas: potentials as therapeutic target. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:991-996. [PMID: 22694907 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Epidermal growth factor (EGFR) is involved in angiogenesis, cell differentiation, proliferation and progression of many cancers and is an important therapy target in lung and colorectal cancer. To determine the potential applicability of EGFR targeted therapies, EGFR status of over 800 salivary gland tumors of different entities were analyzed on DNA and protein level by FISH and IHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tissue microarray was constructed from 721 carcinomas and 205 adenomas of the salivary gland. EGFR expression and EGFR gene copy number was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). EGFR mutation analysis of exon 19 and 21 was performed in a subset of 107 carcinomas. RESULTS Positive immunohistochemical staining (definition?) for EGFR was shown in 324 of 663 (48.9%) salivary gland carcinomas. The frequency was dependent on the tumor entity and ranged from 17.9% (30 of 168 cases) positive immunostaining in acinic cell adenocarcinomas to 85.7% (42 of 49 cases) in Warthin tumors. No EGFR amplification was found by FISH. EGFR mutation analysis of Exon 19 and 21 in 107 salivary gland carcinomas revealed mutations in two acinic cell adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION EGFR protein expression is common in salivary gland tumors but is not associated with gene amplification. Activating mutations of EGFR are rare. Nonetheless, selected cases of patients with salivary gland carcinomas might potentially benefit of anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Sebastian Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Artur Gontarewicz
- Institute of Pathology, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria-Christina Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias J Grob
- Institute of Pathology, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Münscher
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Haematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Section Pneumology, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainald Knecht
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, Hubertus-Wald-Cancer-Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Schwarz S, Zenk J, Müller M, Ettl T, Wünsch PH, Hartmann A, Agaimy A. The many faces of acinic cell carcinomas of the salivary glands: a study of 40 cases relating histological and immunohistological subtypes to clinical parameters and prognosis. Histopathology 2012; 61:395-408. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Relapsing high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 188:518-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-012-0096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Monteiro LS, Diniz-Freitas M, Garcia-Caballero T, Warnakulasuriya S, Forteza J, Fraga M. Combined cytoplasmic and membranous EGFR and p53 overexpression is a poor prognostic marker in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:559-67. [PMID: 22417132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the expression of several molecules that regulate growth, the cell cycle and signalling pathways including EGFR, p53, p16 and p27 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). We examined their utility as prognostic markers by relating to clinicopathological characteristics and the clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using tissue microarray technology, we analysed 67 primary OSCC and examined immunohistochemical expression of EGFR, p53, p16 and p27. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine their role in survival. RESULTS Many of the markers were highly expressed in these cancers. Membranous EGFR expression in 95.2%, both membrane and cytoplasm expression in 35%, p53 expression in 61.6%, p27 expression in 89.5% and p16 expression in 27.9% of cases. In the multivariate analysis, independent prognostic influence of a lower overall survival was determined only for advanced tumour stage (P < 0.001), p53 overexpression (P = 0.004), EGFR cytoplasm and membrane co-expression location (P = 0.002) and p16 reduced expression (P = 0.002). When considering a subgroup of early stage tumours, p53 overexpression (P = 0.028) and combined membranous and cytoplasm EGFR co-expression (P = 0.039) were indicators of a lower overall survival. For disease-free survival, in addition to these three factors, the histological grade (P = 0.011) showed independent prognostic values. CONCLUSION The independent value of EGFR subcellular location (cytoplasm and membrane) and p53 overexpression in overall survival even in early stages of OSCC suggests that these markers may serve as reliable biological markers to identify high-risk subgroups and to guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Silva Monteiro
- Medicine and Oral Surgery Department, Dental Sciences Group-Health Sciences Research Centre, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Norte, Paredes, Portugal.
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19
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Liu J, Shao C, Tan ML, Mu D, Ferris RL, Ha PK. Molecular biology of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Head Neck 2011; 34:1665-77. [PMID: 22006498 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an unusual salivary gland malignancy that remains poorly understood. Standard treatment, including surgery with postoperative radiation therapy, has attained reasonable local control rates, but the propensity for distant metastases has limited any improvement in survival over time. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving ACC is quite rudimentary, due to the infrequent nature of its occurrence. METHODS An extensive literature review was performed on salivary gland ACCs and basic science research findings. RESULTS This review highlights many findings that are emerging about the carcinogenesis of ACC including cytogenetics, tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial alterations, and biomarker studies. CONCLUSION Although there have been many discoveries, much still remains unknown about this rare malignancy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Papaspyrou G, Hoch S, Rinaldo A, Rodrigo JP, Takes RP, van Herpen C, Werner JA, Ferlito A. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a review. Head Neck 2010; 33:905-11. [PMID: 20652885 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon tumor usually arising in the head and neck region, mainly in the salivary glands. It demonstrates an indolent prolonged course and is characterized by perineural invasion. Primary treatment of local and locoregional disease consists mainly of surgery and/or irradiation. During follow-up these patients frequently develop local recurrences and distant metastases, especially in the lung, although long-term survival is possible. The role of chemotherapy in ACC is limited, and studies with only a limited number of patients are performed. In this article we review the literature on chemotherapy regimens, including monotherapy and combination chemotherapy schedules, as well as the new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Papaspyrou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Philipp-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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21
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Monteiro LS, Diniz-Freitas M, Garcia-Caballero T, Forteza J, Fraga M. EGFR and Ki-67 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma using tissue microarray technology. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:571-8. [PMID: 20202087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to validate the use of tissue microarrays (TMA) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) to analyse epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ki-67 expression. We also analysed the relationship that the expression of these markers may have with clinical, pathological and survival variables. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study sample comprised 39 unselected patients diagnosed and treated for OSCC. We analysed Ki-67 and EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimens. Whole sections (WS) were compared with double 1.5 mm core-tissue microarrays. RESULTS High EGFR expression was observed both on TMA (in 98% of the cases) and WS (in 100% of the cases) with substantial agreement kappa value (0.720). EGFR expression was not significantly associated with clinical, pathological and survival variables on TMA and WS. Ki-67 analysis showed a Spearman correlation of 0.741 with a Ki-67 mean labelling index of 45% in TMA and 56.8% in WS. We found a significant relationship between gender and Ki-67 labelling index on WS (P = 0.022) and TMA (P = 0.002). Clinical stage was the only parameter in multivariate analysis that had a significant predictive value. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that dual 1.5 mm core TMA is a valid, rapid, economical and tissue-saving way to study OSCC biopsies and that it presents strong correlation with the WS. EGFR overexpression in OSCC suggests that these tumours may be a candidate for therapy investigation directed to EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Silva Monteiro
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Paredes, Portugal.
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