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Melwani-Sadhwani R, Alonso-Agustín ER, Sagols-Ruiz A, Contreras-Madrid AI. Analysis of Oral Health among ADHD-Affected and Non-ADHD Children in Gran Canaria. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:779. [PMID: 38610200 PMCID: PMC11011864 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A study in Gran Canaria assessed the oral health of 53 children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 106 without ADHD, aged 6 to 16 years. Clinical data on dental caries, conservative treatments, and periodontal health were recorded. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in children with ADHD and how their habits and behaviors contribute to their oral health status. The results showed that children with ADHD had a significant increase in dental caries, conservative treatments, and gingival bleeding. A connection with diet was found, though it did not have a negative impact. No increase in periodontal index was observed, and no significant relationship with diet, family factors, or breastfeeding was found. The evidence suggests that children with ADHD should undergo frequent dental check-ups to monitor oral health and receive education on the importance of the quality and frequency of tooth brushing. These findings highlight the need to address oral health in children with ADHD and the necessity for adequate dental care in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Melwani-Sadhwani
- Department of Dental Sciences/Faculty of Dentistry, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain;
| | | | - Audrey Sagols-Ruiz
- Primary Care Management of the Area of Gran Canaria, 35006 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Ana Isabel Contreras-Madrid
- Department of Dental Sciences/Faculty of Dentistry, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, 35450 Santa María de Guía, Spain;
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Drumond VZ, de Oliveira TN, de Arruda JAA, Mesquita RA, Abreu LG. Dental trauma in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2023; 43:635-644. [PMID: 36606334 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterized by inattention and hyperactivity that affects approximately 7.2% of children and adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to assess whether children and adolescents with ADHD were more likely to have dental trauma when compared to their healthy peers. METHODS This study was reported following the statements proposed in MOOSE (Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, APA PsycINFO, LILACS, and grey literature were searched until October 2022. Observational studies with a control group were eligible. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analysis was performed using the R language. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was applied. RESULTS A total of 239 studies were detected; of these, six were included in the qualitative synthesis and four were merged in the meta-analysis (OR = 1.80 [1.16-2.80]; I2 = 18.6% [0.0%-87.5%]). The risk of bias was high. The strength of the evidence was "very low." CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with ADHD are more likely to have dental trauma than their non-ADHD peers. However, due to limitations in the design of the included studies, a causal relationship cannot be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Zanetti Drumond
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Faculdades Unidas do Norte de Minas, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaynara Nascimento de Oliveira
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Salam T.A A, Ummer M, Abdullah Alowairdhi A, Khalid Alsubait A, Marwan Aljuhani S, Abdullah Alzahrani A, Ali Alqahtani A. Management of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children for Dental Procedures. Cureus 2023; 15:e36989. [PMID: 37139044 PMCID: PMC10151118 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A common psychiatric problem called attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by impulsivity with resultant behavior issues and a very short attention span. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the management of dental procedures in children with and without ADHD employing various behavior modification techniques. Materials and methods The study consisted of 121 children divided into two groups with 60 children diagnosed with ADHD and 60 children without ADHD between 7 and 15 years of age. Each of the three sessions, which were spaced a week apart, included a dental examination, oral prophylaxis, and a minor restorative procedure. The pulse rate (PR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured during each of these sessions. The study was conducted to evaluate the Tell-Show-Do (TSD) method, audiovisual distraction, and pharmacological management of children with and without ADHD during the dental procedure. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used to statistically analyze the findings. The mean values of the parameters from the three sessions were analyzed and compared using the Z-test. Result The children with ADHD included 39 (65%) boys and 21 (35%) girls, and the children without ADHD consisted of 27 (44.26%) boys and 33 (54.09%) girls. The mean values of the PR during sessions two and three were found to be statistically highly significant between the children with and without ADHD for TSD and audiovisual aids. In both groups, the mean SpO2 values for all the sessions were found to be statistically highly significant for the techniques evaluated (p<0.01). The change in the mean PR score for the ADHD children revealed a declining trend from sessions one through three for all the techniques evaluated (p<0.05), demonstrating a statistically significant effectiveness of the various techniques between the two groups and thereby revealing a decreased level of anxiety. Between sessions one and three, all of the three techniques showed a decreasing trend of SpO2 scores, with the exception of the pharmacological management of ADHD children (p<0.01) indicating that the uncontrollable ADHD children feel less anxious than in the other two approaches. Conclusion The findings of the study demonstrated that behavior management techniques were found to be effective at reducing anxiety in ADHD children than in children without ADHD. Our study further suggests that scheduling dental appointments into a series of short visits could enhance the effectiveness of the therapy and better cooperation of the children.
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Bock B, Guentsch A, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Filz C, Rudovsky M, Schüler IM. Effect of Individualized Oral Health Care Training Provided to 6-16-Year-Old Psychiatric In-Patients-Randomized Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15615. [PMID: 36497687 PMCID: PMC9740340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the effect of individualized oral health care training (IndOHCT) administered to 6-16-year-old psychiatric in-patients on dental plaque removal. METHODS 74 in-patients with mental health disorders (49 males) aged 6-16 years with a mean age of 10.4 ± 2.3 years, were randomly divided into two equal groups. At the start of hospitalization, one calibrated dentist assessed the oral health status in the hospital setting. In-patients of the intervention group (IG) received IndOHCT, while those of the control group (CG) got an information flyer. Dental plaque was assessed by the Turesky modified Quigley-Hein-Index (TI) at the start (t0) and at the end of hospitalization before (t1a) and after (t1b) autonomous tooth brushing. RESULTS During hospitalisation, the TI was reduced in both groups (t0→t1a: IG = -0.1; CG = -0.2, p = 0.71). However, in-patients receiving IndOHCT achieved significantly higher plaque reduction rates than the controls when plaque values before and after autonomous tooth brushing were compared (t1a→t1b: IG = -1.0; CG = -0.8; p = 0.02). The effect size (ES) demonstrates the efficacy of IndOHCT (ES = 0.53), especially in children with mixed dentition (ES = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS IndOHCT enabled hospitalized children and adolescents with mental health disorders to achieve a better plaque reduction by tooth brushing but failed to improve self-controlled routine oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bock
- Section of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Arndt Guentsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | | | - Christina Filz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Melanie Rudovsky
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ina M. Schüler
- Section of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Drumond VZ, Andrade AA, de Arruda JAA, Mesquita RA, Abreu LG. Periodontal outcomes of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:537-546. [PMID: 35838891 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to answer the following question: Are children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) more likely to have gingival or periodontal disease-related outcomes than their non-ADHD peers? METHODS Searches were conducted in the following databases: Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Google Scholar and OpenGrey were also verified. Observational studies were included in which children and adolescents with ADHD were compared with their healthy peers in terms of gingival and/or periodontal endpoints. Bias appraisal was performed using the Joann Briggs tool for case-control and cross-sectional studies. Meta-analysis was performed using R language. Results are reported as mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR). Statistical analyses were performed in RStudio. RESULTS A total of 149 records were identified in the searches. Seven studies were included. The meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents with ADHD had a higher mean gingival bleeding index (percentage) than their non-ADHD peers (MD = 11.25; CI = 0.08-22.41; I2 = 73%). There was no difference between groups for plaque index (MD = 4.87; CI = - 2.56 to 12.30; I2 = 63%) and gingivitis (OR = 1.42; CI = 0.22-9.21; I2 = 76%). Regarding the assessment of risk of bias, the major issue found in the articles was the absence of analyses for the control of confounding factors. CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with ADHD had more gingival bleeding than their non-ADHD peers, but no difference regarding plaque or gingivitis was detected between groups. CLINICAL REGISTRATION CRD42021258404.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Z Drumond
- School of Dentistry, Faculdade Pitágoras de Ipatinga, Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - A A Andrade
- School of Dentistry, Faculdade Pitágoras de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J A A de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R A Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L G Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Reddy ER, Kiranmayi M, Mudusu SP, Raju SS, Jannapureddy R, Kumar A. Oral Health Status and Caries Experience in Children Diagnosed with Attention-deficit Hyperactive Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:438-441. [PMID: 36875981 PMCID: PMC9983588 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study aimed to assess and evaluate oral hygiene status and oral hygiene behaviors among children with the attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and children without ADHD. Materials and methods A total of 34 children of ages 6-14 years were included in the study. Groups I-17 children with ADHD and group II-17 healthy children. A visual examination of dental caries and traumatic injuries was performed, and the oral hygiene status of these children was determined. The parent/guardian completed a structured questionnaire regarding the child's oral hygiene practices and food habits. Data obtained from oral examination and questionnaires were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis. Results The student t-test and the Chi-squared test showed that children with ADHD had significantly higher decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores and incidence of traumatic injuries without significant difference in oral hygiene status. Conclusion There is no significant difference in oral hygiene status between both the groups but caries experience, and incidence of traumatic injuries are high in children with ADHD. How to cite this article Reddy ER, Kiranmayi M, Mudusu SP, et al. Oral Health Status and Caries Experience in Children Diagnosed with Attention-deficit Hyperactive Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(4):438-441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddula Rajendra Reddy
- Department of Pedodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Merum Kiranmayi
- Department of Pedodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srujana P Mudusu
- Department of Pedodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saraswathi S Raju
- Department of Pedodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajashree Jannapureddy
- Department of Pedodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Peridontitis as a Risk Factor for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Possible Neuro-inflammatory Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2925-2935. [PMID: 35764847 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a condition caused mostly by the creation of a biofilm by the bacterium P. gingivalis, which releases toxins and damages the tooth structure. Recent research studies have reported association between dental health and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Neuroinflammation triggered by the first systemic inflammation caused by the bacterium present in the oral cavities is a plausible explanation for such a relationship. Substantial amount of evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of the dopaminergic system in the pathology of ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders). Recent epidemiological, microbiological and inflammatory findings strengthen that, periodontal bacteria, which cause systemic inflammation can contribute to neuroinflammation and finally ADHD. Although both diseases are characterized by inflammation, the specific pathways and crosslink's between periodontitis and ADHD remain unknown. Here, the authors describe the inflammatory elements of periodontitis, how this dental illness causes systemic inflammation, and how this systemic inflammation contributes to deteriorating neuroinflammation in the evolution of ADHD. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present possible links and mechanisms that could confirm the evidence of this association.
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Drumond VZ, Souza GLN, Pereira MJDC, Mesquita RA, Amin M, Abreu LG. Dental caries in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. Caries Res 2021; 56:3-14. [PMID: 34929707 DOI: 10.1159/000521142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more affected by dental caries than children without ADHD by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN Electronic searches was performed in four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) in July 2021. Grey literature search in OpenGrey, a search in Google Scholar, and searches in the reference list of included articles were also conducted. The eligibility criteria were observational studies in which children with ADHD were compared with children without ADHD with respect to the dental caries. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, applying the Joanna Briggs tool were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis and assessment of heterogeneity among studies were conducted with the meta-package of RStudio using the R programming language (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). Results of meta-analysis were provided in mean difference (MD), odds ratio (OR), and confidence intervals (CI). For assessment of heterogeneity, Baujat plot and influence analysis plot were obtained. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included and 10 were incorporated into meta-analyses. The meta-analysis showed that children with ADHD had a higher decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index than their peers without ADHD (I²=42%; MD=0.75 [0.38-1.13]). For decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) (I²=0; MD=0.39 [-0.02-0.80]) and decayed surfaces (DS/ds) (I²=0%; MD=0.35 [-0.63-1.33]), no difference between groups was observed. In addition, children with ADHD had higher odds of having dental caries than their healthy peers (OR = 3.31 [1.25, 8.73]; I² = 0%). After assessment of heterogeneity among studies, sensitivity analysis was conducted for DMFT. One study was removed and the significant difference between groups remained. Children with ADHD had a significantly higher DMFT index than their peers without ADHD (MD = 0.98 [CI = 0.75, 1.20]; I² = 0%) Risk of bias ranged from low to high. CONCLUSION The main shortcoming of the included studies is the high risk of bias regarding the strategies to deal with confounding factors. Within its limitations, this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that children with ADHD were more likely to develop dental caries than their healthy counterparts. FUNDING No funding Registration: CRD42021238923.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Luíza Nunes Souza
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maryam Amin
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Coulombe BR, Yates TM. Attachment security predicts adolescents' prosocial and health protective responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Dev 2021; 93:58-71. [PMID: 34383292 PMCID: PMC8444880 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prosocial and health protective behaviors are critical to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic, yet adolescents have been difficult to engage. Attachment security promotes adolescents’ capacities to navigate stress, and influences prosocial and health behaviors. Drawing on a diverse sample of 202 adolescents (48% female; 47.5% Latinx) this study evaluated relations among attachment, mental health, and prosocial and health protective responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Attachment security (age 12) predicted adolescents’ (age 15) COVID‐19 prosocial (f2 = .201) and health protective behaviors (f2 = .274) during the pandemic via smaller‐than‐expected increases in mental health symptoms above pre‐pandemic levels (age 14). Findings highlight the importance of attachment for supporting adolescents’ mental health responses to life stressors and promoting prosocial and health protective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne R Coulombe
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Tuppett M Yates
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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Chi SI, Kim H, Seo KS. Analysis of application of dental sedation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients using the Korean National Health Insurance data. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2021; 21:99-111. [PMID: 33880403 PMCID: PMC8039164 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. It has a worldwide pooled prevalence of 5.29%. The characteristics of ADHD can increase the probability of dental treatment, while special behavior management can be required to allow proper treatment. In South Korea, the use of sedation in dental treatment has rapidly increased in recent decades. The present study aimed to investigate the trend and effects of sedation in patients with ADHD undergoing dental treatment in South Korea. Methods The study used customized health information data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Among patients with the record of sedative use during the period from January 2007 to September 2019, those with International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for ADHD (F90, F91) were selected; the data of their overall insurance claims for dental treatment were then analyzed. The patients' age, gender, sedative use, and dental treatment were analyzed per year. The annual number of general anesthesia or sedation cases was also analyzed, and changes in the method of behavior management with increasing age were examined. Results The study involved 7,654 patients with ADHD (6,270 males; 1,384 females). The total number of dental treatments was 137,778, while the number of sedation cases was 16,109, among which 13,052 involved male patients and 3,057 female patients. The number of general anesthesia cases was 631, among which 538 involved male patients and 93 female patients. The most frequently used sedation method in the dental treatment of patients with ADHD was N2O inhalation. The percentage of sedation cases was highest in patients aged 4 years, and it decreased with increasing age. Conclusion In South Korea, both sedation and dental treatments were slightly more common in patients with ADHD than in the general population. With increasing age, the frequency of dental treatments and the percentage of sedation cases decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong In Chi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dankook University Sejong Dental Hospital, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hyuk Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Suk Seo
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Relationship between preterm, low birth weight and early childhood caries: a meta-analysis of the case-control and cross-sectional study. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225943. [PMID: 32729621 PMCID: PMC7419784 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases in children. The effective prevention and treatment are heavy burdens and study hotspots for pediatric dentists. Many studies had investigated the relationship between preterm, low birth weight (LBW) and ECC; however, the results were inconsistent. The present study was conducted with an evidence-based study to figure out the relationship between preterm, LBW and ECC for the first time. After searching the database, case–control and cross-sectional studies relevant to the relationship between preterm, LBW and ECC up to December 2019 were included. The data about odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted and calculated with STATA 14.0 Software. A total of 22 studies were included in this meta-analysis, 9 studies of which did not only explore the relationship between ECC with preterm, but also study the relationship between ECC and LBW, 7 studies of which explored the relationship between preterm and ECC, and 6 studies of which studied the relationship between LBW and ECC. The meta-analysis results showed that the preterm increased the risk of ECC (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.36–1.87) significantly. There was no difference between LBW and normal birth weight in the incidence of ECC (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.94–1.33). The meta-analysis results of adjustment OR about LBW were similar to the crude OR (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.71–1.57). This meta-analysis indicated that preterm increased the risk of ECC significantly; however, LBW was not a risk factor for ECC.
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Jamali Z, Ghaffari P, Aminabadi NA, Norouzi S, Shirazi S. Oral health status and oral health-related quality of life in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2021; 41:178-186. [PMID: 33421188 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oral diseases can affect various aspects of life in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder (ADHD/ODD). This study aimed to assess the oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in ADHD/ODD children. METHODS Forty ADHD/ODD and 80 control children aged 3-7 years old were included in the study. Gingival index (GI), dmft score, and the pediatric oral health-related quality of life (POQL) questionnaire were used to determine the oral health status and OHRQOL, respectively. RESULTS The mean dmft and GI were significantly higher in the ADHD/ODD group than the control group (P = .002 and P = .001). In the ADHD/ODD children, the total score of OHRQOL and the mean scores of the emotional, physical, role, and social domains were lower than that in the control group (P = .0004, P = .027, P = .002, P = .014, and P = .043, respectively). Poisson's regression showed that there was a significant relationship between OHRQOL and dmft scores (P-value < .001). However, the association between GI and OHRQOL scores was not significant. CONCLUSION Higher dmft and GI scores were found in children with ADHD/ODD than the control children. A lower POQL score was detected in ADHD/ODD patients, which translates to a better level of OHRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jamali
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Ghaffari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Naser Asl Aminabadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Norouzi
- Department of Psychiatry (Child and Adolescent Ward), Razi Psychiatry Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Chau YCY, Peng SM, McGrath CPJ, Yiu CKY. Oral Health of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:947-962. [PMID: 29182035 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717743331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review investigated the oral health of children with ADHD. Method: A structured search strategy was performed on five electronic databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, COCHRANE, PubMed, and PsychInfo. Studies were included in the review if they reported clinical oral health outcomes on a population diagnosed with ADHD under the age of 18 years old. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed on pooled prevalence and mean/median values for caries, trauma, periodontal problems, and tooth wear. Results: Twenty-seven effective articles were reviewed by two calibrated assessors. Meta-analysis of the results found higher mean number of decayed surfaces, plaque index, and trauma prevalence among children with ADHD. Conclusion: Children with ADHD show increased risk for caries and traumatic dental injuries, and may have poorer oral hygiene compared with children without ADHD. More awareness among clinicians would promote better caries- and trauma-preventive advice and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Si-Min Peng
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ehlers V, Callaway A, Wantzen S, Patyna M, Deschner J, Azrak B. Oral health of children and adolescents with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:258. [PMID: 31766996 PMCID: PMC6878625 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as childhood neurobehavioural disorder. Due to short attention span, oral hygiene and dental treatment of such individuals can be challenging. Aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of children and adolescents with and without ADHD living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Methods Included in the study were 79 participants (male/female:58/21, age 9–15 years) living in residential care: 34 participants with ADHD and 45 participants without ADHD (control). Oral examination included the following parameters decayed, missing, filled teeth in the primary dentition (dmft), decayed, missing, filled surfaces/teeth in the secondary dentition (DMFS/DMFT), approximal plaque index (API), bruxism and orthodontic treatment. Additionally, oral hygiene, last dental visit and treatment performed, and dietary habits were assessed by questionnaire. Results There were no significant differences in dmft, API, bruxism and oral hygiene habits between groups. However, participants with ADHD tended to have higher DMFS/DMFT values than the control group. Ongoing orthodontic treatment was found more often in the control group. The ADHD group tended to consume acidic/sugary beverages and sweet snacks more often than the controls. Different treatments (control visit/prophylaxis, dental therapy, orthodontic treatment) were performed at the last dental visit in the two groups. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, oral health was similar in children and adolescents with or without ADHD from the same residential care setting. Parents/guardians need instructions for better supervision of oral hygiene and dietary habits to improve the poor oral health of children with or without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Ehlers
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Angelika Callaway
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sophia Wantzen
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Patyna
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgül Azrak
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Begnini GJ, Brancher JA, Guimarães AT, de Araujo MR, Pizzatto E. Oral Health of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:543-547. [PMID: 32440072 PMCID: PMC7229396 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the oral health conditions of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and methods Two groups were selected: a test group comprising 51 individuals with ADHD and a control group with 50 individuals without ADHD, with ages ranging from 7 to 14 years. Through an intraoral clinical examination, the numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT index), the visible plaque index (VPI), the gingival bleeding index (GBI), bruxism, and dental traumatism were verified. A questionnaire confirmed oral hygiene supervision. Results In the test group, the average DMFT index was 3.41 while it was 2.52 in the control group (p = 0.405). The VPI in the test and control groups was 36.84% and 24.54%, respectively (p = 0.004). The GBI was 8.37% for the test group and 4.94% for the control group (p = 0.012). The DMFT index when supervised the oral hygiene by those responsible in comparison with the nonsupervision was 1.89 and 4.31, respectively, in the test group, and 1.71 and 2.94, respectively, in the control group. Conclusion These data suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD present with worse oral health conditions and need greater attention from dental professionals and those responsible for their diet and oral hygiene. Clinical significance Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder needs a special attention. This research brings this important issue focus on oral health. How to cite this article Begnini GJ, Brancher JA, Guimarães ATB, et al. Oral Health of Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):543–547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar J Begnini
- Department of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - João A Brancher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Tb Guimarães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Pizzatto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
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de Jong‐Lenters M, Duijster D, Schuller A, van Loveren C, Verrips E. Dental caries and externalizing behaviour problems in a high-risk child population. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:417-425. [PMID: 30051921 PMCID: PMC6175340 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the association between externalizing behaviour problems and dental caries in children. A further objective was to explore direct and indirect pathways between sociodemographic factors, family functioning and parenting factors, oral health behaviours, externalizing behaviour problems, and dental caries using structural equation modelling. Cross-sectional data were collected on 251, 5- to 8-yr-old children from a paediatric dental practice in the Netherlands. Children's decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) scores were obtained from their dental records. Validated self-report questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic, behavioural, and family-related data. Externalizing problem behaviour was significantly associated with a higher dmft score [incidence risk ratio (IRR) = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.06-1.34], but this association did not remain significant after adjustment for sociodemographic factors (IRR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.99-1.26). A valid path model was presented after applying some modifications. Findings from the model suggest that it is plausible that child behaviour problems are directly associated with dental caries via toothbrushing behaviour. The model also provided support that maternal education level, the restrictiveness and warmth of parenting, and the communication of the family, play an indirect role in the association between children's externalizing behavioural problems and dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddelon de Jong‐Lenters
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific ResearchLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cariology Endodontology PedodontologyAcademic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Denise Duijster
- Department of Social DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Schuller
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific ResearchLeidenThe Netherlands
- Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene (CTM)University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Cor van Loveren
- Department of Cariology Endodontology PedodontologyAcademic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and VU UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Preventive DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and VU UniversityAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Erik Verrips
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific ResearchLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Preventive DentistryAcademic Centre for Dentistry AmsterdamUniversity of Amsterdam and VU UniversityAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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Mota-Veloso I, Ramos-Jorge ML, Homem MA, Pordeus IA, Paiva SM, Oliveira-Ferreira F. Dental caries in schoolchildren: influence of inattention, hyperactivity and executive functions. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e52. [PMID: 29898021 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention. Individuals with ADHD may present limitations with regard to executive functions and performing activities that involve planning and/or attention/concentration. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between dental caries and signs of ADHD in a representative sample of schoolchildren. A representative sample of 851 schoolchildren aged seven to 12 years was randomly selected from public and private schools. Data acquisition involved a clinical dental examination for cavitated permanent and deciduous teeth using the DMFT/dmft indices. Neuropsychological evaluations, including the assessment of intelligence (Raven's Colored Progressive Matrix Test) and executive functions (Corsi Tapping Blocks tests and Digit Span test) were also performed. Parents/caregivers and teachers answered the SNAP-IV Questionnaire for the investigation of signs of inattention and hyperactivity in the family and school environment. Parents/caregivers also answered questionnaires addressing socioeconomic and socio-demographic characteristics. Descriptive analysis of the variables and Poisson regression with robust variance were performed. Parental reports of signs of inattention (PR: 1.28; p < 0.05) and hyperactivity (PR: 1.15; p < 0.05) were associated with a greater occurrence of caries. A better performance on the backward order of the Corsi Tapping Blocks tests (PR: 0.94; p < 0.05) and higher level of mother's schooling were associated with a lower frequency of caries. A better performance on executive function tasks was a protective factor against dental caries, whereas children considered inattentive and/or hyperactive by their parents had a higher prevalence rate of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mota-Veloso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alexandre Homem
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela Almeida Pordeus
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira-Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Department of Basic Sciences, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
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Oral health and oral health risk behaviour in children with and without externalising behaviour problems. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:177-186. [PMID: 29766414 PMCID: PMC5976681 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim This was to study children with early detected externalising behaviour problems compared to matched controls regarding oral health, oral health risk behaviour and the parental evaluation of the child’s oral health and dental care. Methods Children aged 10–13 years and with externalising behaviour problems, were compared to matched controls. Behavioural characteristics were based on the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. The children and their parents completed questionnaires regarding dental fear, tooth brushing, dietary habits and evaluation of oral health and dental care. Data on dental caries risk assessments, caries, behaviour management problems and dental trauma were obtained from dental files. Results There were no differences in caries prevalence in children with early detected externalising behaviour problems, compared to controls. However, the former group consumed more sweet drinks when thirsty and brushed their teeth fewer than twice daily; they also had more dental trauma in both dentitions and a higher risk range for dental fear, compared to controls. Conclusions This study points out potential oral health risk factors in children with early-detected externalising behaviour problems. Although no difference in caries prevalence was observed, externalising behaviour may affect oral health. Therefore, dental professionals should support the families and the children to preserve dental health by offering increased prophylactic measures. There were no differences between children with externalising behaviour problems, compared with controls, regarding the parent evaluation of their child’s dental health. However, more parents in the study group evaluated the dental care as poor or not functioning.
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Vafaei A, Vafaei I, Noorazar G, Akbarzadeh R, Erfanparast L, Shirazi S. Comparison of the effect of pharmacotherapy and neuro-feedback therapy on oral health of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e306-e311. [PMID: 29750089 PMCID: PMC5937964 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic and progressive mental disorder related to the childhood period. This study aims to compare the oral health of two groups of ADHD children: those under pharmacotherapy and those under neuro-feedback therapy. Material and Methods 72 ADHD children (aged 6-12) were divided into two 36 member groups: The pharmacotherapy group and the neuro-feedback therapy group. Unstimulated salivary flow (USF), DMFT, and plaque index were assessed in these children. Statistical analysis was carried out on the data with the independent t-test, which was performed using SPSS 16. The significance level of the study was p<0.05. Results In this study, the USF of ADHD children who used Ritalin was found to be significantly less than that of the neuro-feedback group (1.25 ± 1.21 vs. 1.91 ± 1.16 ml/min; p=0.002). Also, the plaque index (5.9 ± 3.1 vs. 3.94 ± 1.9; p=0.018) and DMFT scores (39% ± 9% vs. 31% ± 9%; p=0.018) were significantly higher for the pharmacotherapy group. Conclusions Neuro-feedback therapy is preferable to Ritalin treatment for ADHD children in terms of their oral health status. Key words:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug therapy, neurofeedback, oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vafaei
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iman Vafaei
- Postgraduate student, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Noorazar
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rafegh Akbarzadeh
- Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Erfanparast
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Shirazi
- Lecturer and Researcher, Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Fakhruddin KS, ElBatawi H, El-Damanhoury HM. Behavioral management using sequenced treatment paradigm and audiovisual distraction during dental treatment in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:262-268. [PMID: 29988204 PMCID: PMC6004798 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_59_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to assess behavioral management using sequenced treatment approach and audiovisual distraction (AVD) with/without video eyewear during dental procedure in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Materials and Methods: This clinical trial included 31 children (n = 21 boys; n = 10 girls), aged between 6.5 and 8.1 years, distributed into Group A (n = 17, children not on ADHD medication) and Group B (n = 14, children taking medication for ADHD symptoms). The study involved four sessions, 1 week apart. Sessions I and II included behavioral management assessment and dental screening, respectively, while participants watched cartoon movie using an AV distracter with/without a video eyewear. During Sessions III and IV, dental prophylaxis and sealants were placed on first permanent molars, respectively, for both upper and lower jaws in both the groups. During the procedure, children were distracted with AV distracter with/without a video eyewear, and the mean changes in blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) and pulse rate were recorded every 5 min. Independent samples t-test was used, assessing for significant changes in pulse rate and SaO2 during each visit in both groups. Results: Almost 95% (n = 113) of the first permanent molars showed signs of pit and fissure demineralization of varying severities, classified as the International Caries Detection and Assessment System-codes 1–3. During Session IV, there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.03 and P ≤ 0.05) in mean pulse rate in both groups of children, respectively, during fissure sealants or preventive resin restoration application on their permanent molars while being distracted using AVD with video eyewear. Conclusion: Our study recommends splitting of dental visits into multiple short sessions and video eyewear distraction for optimum behavioral management during dental procedures of children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausar Sadia Fakhruddin
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hisham ElBatawi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hatem M El-Damanhoury
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Alwadi MA, Baker SR, Owens J. The inclusion of children with disabilities in oral health research: A systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maram A. Alwadi
- Unit of Dental Public Health; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Sarah R. Baker
- Unit of Dental Public Health; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Janine Owens
- Unit of Dental Public Health; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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Mota-Veloso I, Pordeus I, Homem M, Ramos-Jorge J, Oliveira-Ferreira F, Ramos-Jorge M, Paiva S. Do Signs of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Increase the Odds of Dental Caries? A Case-Control Study. Caries Res 2018; 52:212-219. [DOI: 10.1159/000486141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioural disorder that can affect one’s performance in activities of daily living and can exert a negative impact on the oral health of children. Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the association between ADHD (signs and executive functions) and dental caries in children aged 7–12 years. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 532 children in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The case group was composed of children with caries and the control group was composed of children without caries. The children were submitted to a clinical oral examination for the determination of caries and neuropsychological evaluations of intellectual function and executive function. Other signs of attention deficit and hyperactivity were investigated using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham scale administered to parents/guardians and teachers. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were also evaluated. Statistical analysis involved the McNemar χ2 test and conditional logistic regression. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that monthly household income and parental reports of signs of attention deficit were significantly associated with the occurrence of dental caries. Conclusion: Children considered by their parents/guardians to have attention deficit have a greater chance of exhibiting dental caries, independently of household income.
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Sridevi T, Pranoti S, Anand S, Umesh W, Sachin G. Factors associated with early childhood caries among 3 to 6 year old children in India: A case control study. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2018; 11:45-50. [PMID: 29689741 DOI: 10.3233/npm-181723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is a multifactorial disease as it is associated with biological, social and behavioral risk factors. However, not much research studied the influence of perinatal factors like birth weight, mode of delivery and gestational age with ECC. Aim of this study is to assess the association between ECC and risk factors, such as Socio-economic status (SES), Body mass index (BMI), Gestation age, birth weight and mode of delivery among Indian children aged 3 to 6 years. METHODS In this cross sectional study 690 school children aged 3-6 years were included from five government and primary schools among them 345 were suffering from ECC. Data acquisition involved an oral clinical exam, anthropometric measures and a questionnaire administered in interview form to acquire information on socio-demographic data and Gestational age; mode of delivery; birth weight and socio-economic status. Chi-squared test was used to test the association between categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis used to assess strength of association between risk factors and ECC while controlling known confounders. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that male children, increasing age, preterm birth and cesarean section are associated with increased risk of developing ECC. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal factors play a vital role in determination ECC burden. Early life interventions and precautions can be useful strategy to control and prevent ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sridevi
- Department of Pedodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, India
| | - S Pranoti
- Department of Pedodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, India
| | - S Anand
- Department of Pedodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, India
| | - W Umesh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, India
| | - G Sachin
- Department of Pedodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, India
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Brogårdh-Roth S, Månsson J, Ridell K, Alward L, Hellén-Halme K, Ekberg E. Five years' follow-up of dental fear and anxiety, experience of dental care and oral health behaviour in Swedish preterm and full-term adolescents. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:145. [PMID: 29202809 PMCID: PMC5715547 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is rising concern about how preterm birth affects long-term health later in life. The various effects that preterm birth have on developmental outcomes, cognitive profiles and medical health may also affect levels of cooperation in the dental care situation in addition to general oral health and other oral health-related habits. Oral health is an integral part of one’s general health and well-being; however, less is known about how prematurity affects oral health and other related areas such as dental care, and including dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in individuals during adolescence and adulthood. This is considered of special interest to study, as preterm children during the preschool and school period were reported to have behavioural problems during dental treatments and less than favourable oral hygiene. Methods A questionnaire was used of self-report design and structured into behavioural aspects relating to dental treatment, oral health-related factors, and medical health. This questionnaire at 17–19 years of age was a follow-up from 12 to 14 years of age and considered a predictor for planning future dental care for this group of patients. The 145 participating adolescents were all preterm, born between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation and 140 full-term controls, born ≥37 weeks of gestation. Results Dental fear and anxiety, oral health behaviour, and intake of sweets and sugary drinks of 17–19-year old adolescents born preterm was comparable to that of the full-term control group. Medical health problems as well as the intake of sweets and sugary drinks increased from the time of early adolescence to late adolescence in both groups. Conclusions Preterm as well as full-term adolescents between 17 and 19 years of age are satisfied with their dental care and display low prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA). The findings in this study indicate that adolescents born very preterm and extremely preterm are well prepared for transition to dental care in adult life with expectations of being able to take responsibility for their oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Brogårdh-Roth
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | - Karin Ridell
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lubna Alward
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Hellén-Halme
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - EwaCarin Ekberg
- Department of Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Status and perception of oral health in 6-17-year-old psychiatric inpatients-randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2749-2759. [PMID: 28210811 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The following are the aims of the study: assessment of oral health status, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and the effect of oral health care training over OHRQoL in children and adolescents hospitalized with mental disorders. METHODOLOGY This randomized case controlled prospective interventional study involved 81 child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients (CAP) aged between 6 and 17 years (mean age 10.6 ± 2.4 years), compared to 81 mentally healthy patients attending routine dental examinations (DC group) matched according to age and sex of the CAP group. Oral examinations were performed by two calibrated dentists. OHRQoL was assessed with the German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire. CAP inpatients were randomly divided in two equal subgroups, an intervention (IG) and a non-intervention group (non-IG). The IG received oral health care training at admission to the hospital. RESULTS CAP inpatients, especially those with stress-related disorders, revealed significantly higher caries prevalence and experience than DC patients. Although OHRQoL did not differ from the German reference values, CAP inpatients compensated higher impairment due to oral symptoms and functional limitations with lower impairment due to emotional and social well-being. OHRQoL increased in all CAP patients during hospitalization, regardless of receiving oral health care training. CONCLUSION Poorer oral health of CAP inpatients was not accompanied by higher impairment of OHRQoL. Oral problems seem to be overshined by better self-perceived emotional and social well-being. OHRQoL was not improved by individualized oral health care training. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Children and adolescents with mental disorders are at risk for oral diseases and need referral to dental services.
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and disordered eating behaviour: A systematic review and a framework for future research. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 53:109-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chau YCY, Lai KYC, McGrath CPJ, Yiu CKY. Oral health of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 125:49-54. [PMID: 28035689 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed and compared oral health and oral-health behaviours among children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study included 31 children, 12-18 yr of age, with ADHD and 31 age- and gender-matched children without ADHD. Clinical data were recorded by a trained and calibrated examiner for caries, traumatic dental injuries, periodontal health, tooth wear, and salivary function. A questionnaire was also given to parents or caregivers about the oral health habits and behaviours of these children. Data were compared using Mann-Whitney U-tests and chi-square tests. No significant differences were found between children, with or without ADHD, in caries extent or prevalence, dental trauma prevalence, prevalence of periodontal disease or plaque, tooth wear, or unstimulated salivary flow. Children with ADHD had a significantly higher percentage of sites with gingival bleeding, as well as a higher frequency of parent-reported dislike of dentists, bruxism, history of assisted toothbrushing, and toothbrushing duration <1 min. They also had higher attendance at government dental clinics. The findings indicate that children with ADHD have poorer oral hygiene and more adverse oral-health attitudes and behaviours than do children without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne C Y Chau
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelly Y C Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman P J McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cynthia K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Dursun OB, Şengül F, Esin İS, Demirci T, Yücel N, Ömezli MM. Mind Conduct disorders in children with poor oral hygiene habits and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with excessive tooth decay. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:1279-1285. [PMID: 27904519 PMCID: PMC5108381 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries and poor oral hygiene are among the major childhood public health problems. Although dental research frequently refers to the link between these conditions and behavioural issues, little attention has been paid to understanding the reason for oral health problems from a psychiatric point of view. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between poor oral health and hygiene and parental attitudes towards child rearing, parents' and children's oral hygiene behaviours, and childhood psychiatric disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 323 children aged 3-15 years. Decayed, missing, filled and decayed, extracted, filled indices, the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Parent Attitude Research Instrument were used in the study. RESULTS We found that the subjects' hyperactivity/inattention scores were positively correlated with poor oral health (p = 0.001) and heavy cariogenic food consumption (p = 0.040). Tooth brushing frequency was found to be significantly lower in children who have a risk for conduct/oppositional disorders than in their non-problematic peers (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Dental health and oral hygiene behaviours have close links with psychiatric disorders and psychosocial issues. Improving cooperation between child psychiatrists and dentists seems to be important in the prevention of paediatric dental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Burak Dursun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şengül
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Selçuk Esin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Demirci
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nermin Yücel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Melih Ömezli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ordu, Ordu, Turkey
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Krekmanova L, Hakeberg M, Robertson A, Braathen G, Klingberg G. Perceived oral discomfort and pain in children and adolescents with intellectual or physical disabilities as reported by their legal guardians. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:223-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sundell AL, Ullbro C, Marcusson A, Twetman S. Comparing caries risk profiles between 5- and 10- year-old children with cleft lip and/or palate and non-cleft controls. BMC Oral Health 2015. [PMID: 26208495 PMCID: PMC4514989 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that children with oral clefts may have higher caries prevalence in comparison with non-cleft controls but the relative importance of the potential risk factors is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the caries risk profiles in a group of cleft lip and/or palate (CL(P)) children with non-cleft controls in the same age using a computerized caries risk assessment model. METHODS The study group consisted of 133 children with CL(P) (77 subjects aged 5 years and 56 aged 10 years) and 297 non-cleft controls (133 aged 5 years and 164 aged 10 years). A questionnaire was used to collect data concerning the child's oral hygiene routines, dietary habits and fluoride exposure. Oral hygiene was assessed using Quigley-Hein plaque Index and the caries prevalence and frequency was scored according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Whole saliva samples were analyzed for mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, buffering capacity and secretion rate. The risk factors and risk profiles were compared between the groups with aid of Cariogram and the estimated risk for future caries was categorized as "high" or "low". RESULTS Children with CL(P) (the entire study group) had significantly higher counts of salivary lactobacilli (p < 0.05) and displayed less good oral hygiene (p < 0.05). More 10-year-old children in the CL(P) group had low secretion rate but this difference was not significant. The average chance to avoid caries ranged from 59 to 67% but there were no significant differences between the groups. The odds of being categorized with high caries risk in the CL(P) group was significantly elevated (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.25-2.86). In both groups, children in the high risk category had a higher caries experience than those with low risk. CONCLUSION Children with CL(P) displayed increased odds of being categorized at high caries risk with impaired oral hygiene and elevated salivary lactobacilli counts as most influential factors. The results suggest that a caries risk assessment model should be applied in the routine CL(P) care as a basis for the clinical decision-making and implementation of primary and secondary caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Sundell
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Box 1030, SE, 551 11, Jönköping, Sweden.
| | - Christer Ullbro
- Institute for Clinical Dentistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Agneta Marcusson
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics, Maxillofacial Unit, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Blomqvist M, Bejerot S, Dahllöf G. A cross-sectional study on oral health and dental care in intellectually able adults with autism spectrum disorder. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:81. [PMID: 26174171 PMCID: PMC4501115 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, restricted patterns of behaviour, and unusual sensory sensitivities. The hypotheses to be tested were that adult patients with ASD have a higher caries prevalence, have more risk factors for caries development, and utilize dental health care to a lesser extent than people recruited from the normal population. Methods Forty-seven adults with ASD, (25 men, 22 women, mean age 33 years) and of normal intelligence and 69 age- and sex-matched typical controls completed a dental examination and questionnaires on oral health, dental hygiene, dietary habits and previous contacts with dental care. Results Except for increased number of buccal gingival recessions, the oral health was comparable in adults with ASD and the control group. The group with ASD had less snacking, but also less frequent brushing of teeth in the mornings. The stimulated saliva secretion was lower in the ASD group, regardless of medication. Frequencies of dental care contacts were equal in both groups. The most common reason for missing a dental appointment was forgetfulness in the ASD group. Conclusions Adults with ASD exhibited more gingival recessions and considerably lower saliva flow compared to healthy controls. Despite equal caries prevalence, the risk for reduced oral health due to decreased salivary flow should be taken into consideration when planning dental care for patients with ASD. Written reminders of dental appointments and written and verbal report on oral health status and oral hygiene instructions are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Blomqvist
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 4064, SE-14104, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Susanne Bejerot
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Psychiatry, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Göran Dahllöf
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 4064, SE-14104, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Norderyd J, Lillvist A, Klingberg G, Faulks D, Granlund M. Oral health, medical diagnoses, and functioning profiles in children with disabilities receiving paediatric specialist dental care – a study using the ICF-CY. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 37:1431-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.964374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lorber MF, Smith Slep AM, Heyman RE, Bretz WA. Child externalizing behavior problems linked to genetic and non-genetic variation in dental caries. Caries Res 2014; 48:475-81. [PMID: 24852763 DOI: 10.1159/000358100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of environmental and genetic variation in caries with child externalizing behavior problems (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and defiance) was studied in a sample of 239 pairs of 3- to 8-year-old impoverished Brazilian twins. It was hypothesized that externalizing problems would show a stronger positive association with environmental than genetic variation in caries. Univariate twin models were estimated to parse variation in caries into three components: additive genetic (A), shared environment (C) and non-shared environment/error (E). Age-adjusted associations between externalizing problems and each variance component were tested. Contrary to the hypothesis, modest but very consistent negative associations were found between externalizing problems and both genetic and environmental variation in caries. Mutans streptococci and sweetness preference did not explain the negative associations of caries and externalizing problems. Externalizing problems in non-medicated children were associated with less dental decay that could be explained by both genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Lorber
- Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, N.Y., USA
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Pani SC, Hillis H, Chaballout T, Al Enazi W, AlAttar Y, Aboramadan M. Knowledge and attitude of Saudi teachers of students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder towards traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 2013; 30:222-6. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharat Chandra Pani
- Division of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry; Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Hannan Hillis
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wedad Al Enazi
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Youmna AlAttar
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Aboramadan
- Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Hidas A, Birman N, Noy AF, Shapira J, Matot I, Steinberg D, Moskovitz M. Salivary bacteria and oral health status in medicated and non-medicated children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1863-7. [PMID: 23135427 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurological disorder. Studies have shown that children with ADHD are more prone to caries than those without. The study investigated children diagnosed with ADHD, both with and without pharmacological intervention, and the following: DMFT\dmft, plaque index (PI), mutans streptococci (MS) levels, lactobacilli (LB) levels, salivary flow, salivary buffer capacity, oral hygiene, and diet. STUDY DESIGN DMFT/dmft index, PI, MS and LB levels, salivary flow, and salivary buffer capacity were examined in three groups of children: ADHD1-diagnosed with ADHD with no pharmacological intervention (N = 31), ADHD2-treated with medications for ADHD (N = 30), and a healthy control group (N = 30). Diet and oral health habits were assessed through questionnaires completed by parents. RESULTS There were no differences in the DMFT/dmft index, MS and LB counts, salivary buffer capacity, and parent reported diet and oral health behavior between the three groups. Children with ADHD demonstrated a higher plaque index. CONCLUSIONS Although children with ADHD did not report different diet and oral health behavior from children without ADHD, this group had significantly higher levels of plaque than the control group, which combined with hyposalivation may be a risk factor for caries at an older age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Medicated and non-medicated ADHD children were similar to control children in their caries rate, MS and LB counts, salivary buffer capacity, and diet and oral health behavior. They differed in the amount of plaque found on their teeth. As a group, ADHD children demonstrated hyposalivation compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Hidas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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Hidas A, Noy AF, Birman N, Shapira J, Matot I, Steinberg D, Moskovitz M. Oral health status, salivary flow rate and salivary quality in children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1137-41. [PMID: 21514566 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurological disorder that presents in 3-7% of school-age children. Studies have shown that children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD are more prone to caries than those without. AIM The study investigated a possible relationship between the oral health status of children, adolescents and young adults diagnosed with ADHD, both with and without pharmacological intervention, and the following: salivary flow rate, oral mucosal pH, plaque index (PI), oral hygiene and dietary behaviour. STUDY DESIGN DMFT/dmft index (D;d-Decay, M;m-Missing; F;f-Filled,T;t-teeth), plaque index, oral mucosal pH and unstimulated whole salivary flow (USF) were examined in three groups of children, adolescents and young adults: those diagnosed with ADHD with no pharmacological intervention (N=31), those treated with medications for ADHD (N=30), and a healthy control group (N=30). Diet and oral health habits were assessed by means of questionnaires completed by parents. RESULTS Mean USF values were 0.72, 0.85 and 1.13 ml/min for participants with ADHD and without medication, with ADHD and with medication, and without ADHD, respectively (p=0.016). There were no differences in the DMFT/dmft index and in parent reported diet and oral health behaviour between the three groups. Children with ADHD demonstrated a statistically significant higher plaque index (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The ADHD group, with or without pharmacological intervention, showed higher plaque index and lower USF, but no difference in DMFT/dmft. The ADHD group did not differ from the non-ADHD group in their diet or oral health behaviour as assessed by parent reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Hidas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hebrew University, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Blomqvist M, Ahadi S, Fernell E, Ek U, Dahllöf G. Dental caries in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a population-based follow-up study. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119:381-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Brogårdh-Roth S, Matsson L, Klingberg G. Molar-incisor hypomineralization and oral hygiene in 10- to-12-yr-old Swedish children born preterm. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119:33-9. [PMID: 21244509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of medical problems and impairments, there is limited knowledge of how this affects oral health. It was hypothesized that when 10-12 yr of age, children who were preterm at birth would present with a higher prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), more dental plaque, and a higher degree of gingival inflammation than full-term control children. Eighty-two preterm children, born between 24 and 32 wk of gestation, and 82 control children, born between 37 and 43 wk of gestation, were clinically examined for developmental defects in enamel, MIH, dental plaque, and gingival health. In addition, behaviour management problems were evaluated. Information on any aetiological factors with a potential influence on MIH and oral health was collected via questionnaires. Molar-incisor hypomineralization was more common in preterm children than in controls (38% vs. 16%), as were enamel developmental defects (69.5% vs. 51%). Low gestational age and low birth weight increased the risk of MIH. Preterm children had more plaque, a higher degree of gingival inflammation, and more behaviour-management problems than controls. In conclusion, oral health problems were more common in preterm children than in control children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Brogårdh-Roth
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Brogårdh-Roth S, Stjernqvist K, Matsson L, Klingberg G. Dental fear and anxiety and oral health behaviour in 12- to 14-year-olds born preterm. Int J Paediatr Dent 2010; 20:391-9. [PMID: 20642465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2010.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An enhanced frequency of cognitive and behavioural disturbances has been reported in preterm children. It is not known if this affects their perceptions of or behaviour in the dental care situation. HYPOTHESIS The hypotheses were that preterm (PT) children aged 12-14 years more often exhibit dental fear and anxiety (DFA) than full-term controls (C), while no differences were expected regarding oral health behaviour. METHODS One hundred and nine PT and 108 C children took part in the present questionnaire study. DFA was assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). In addition the questionnaire covered items including satisfaction with received dental care, oral health behaviour and medical health. RESULTS The children's CFSS-DS scores revealed no differences between the PT and C groups. Regarding oral health behaviour there were no differences, except that PT children more often used dental floss and extra fluoride supplements. PT children reported more medical health problems than C children. CONCLUSIONS Preterm (PT) children 12- to 14-years-old, as well as C of same age group, seem to be satisfied with their dental care and display low prevalence of DFA. Still, a higher frequency of medical health problems in the PT children suggests that these children should be regarded as potential risk patients for oral health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Brogårdh-Roth
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Pessah S, Montluc N, Bailleul-Forestier I, Decosse MH. [Orthodontic treatment of children suffering from attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD)]. Orthod Fr 2009; 80:331-8. [PMID: 19726026 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2009024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful orthodontic treatment requires the child's cooperation. Yet how can this be achieved when this cooperation is compromised by a neurobehavioural disorder: the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? This disorder, slightly tracked down, common in children, leads to hyperactivity, impulsiveness and a short attention span. The objective of this survey is to compare the challenges of conducting orthodontic treatment on children who have or have not been diagnosed and treated by a multi-disciplinary medical team. The data of this survey was collected from orthodontists in Paris and Strasbourg, and from graduate orthodontics students. The orthodontic treatment of 30 children (25 males and 5 females) between 8 and 15 years, affected by ADHD (half have been diagnosed and treated by a multi-disciplinary team) are compared to 30 control subjects. The results highlight the therapeutic difficulties (with behavior, attention span, cooperation, hygiene and dental trauma) encountered with children affected by ADHD (especially those who did not benefit from multidisciplinary follow up) compared to control population. In conclusion, hyperactive children present more challenges during an orthodontic treatment compared to a control population. Nevertheless, the treatment is easier when children are diagnosed and treated multimodally. Further studies are required on a wider population to confirm the differences in therapeutic difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Pessah
- Département d'Orthodontie, Hôpital Garancière, Université Paris VII Denis-Diderot, 5 rue Garancière, 75006 Paris, France.
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