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Martinez CA, Alvarez-Rodriguez M, Rodriguez-Martinez H. A decreased expression of interferon stimulated genes in peri-implantation endometrium of embryo transfer recipient sows could contribute to embryo death. Animal 2022; 16:100590. [PMID: 35843191 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig pregnancy succeeds thanks to a well-coordinated system ruling both maternal immune activation and embryonic antigen tolerance. In physiological pregnancies, the maternal immune system should tolerate the presence of hemi-allogeneic conceptuses from the pre-implantation phase to term, while maintaining maternal defence against pathogens. Allogeneic pregnancies, as after embryo transfer (ET), depict high embryo mortality during the attachment phase, calling for studies of the dynamic modifications in immune processes occurring at the maternal-foetal interface, for instance, of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs are generally activated by IFN secreted by the conceptus during the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) and responsible for recruiting immune cells to the site of embryo attachment, thus facilitating cell-antigen presentation and angiogenesis. We performed RNA-Seq analysis in peri-implantation (days 18 and 24) endometrial samples retrieved from artificially inseminated sows (hemi-allogeneic embryos (HAL) group) or sows subjected to ET (allogeneic embryos (AL) group) to monitor alterations of gene expression that could be jeopardising early pregnancy. Our results showed that endometrial gene expression patterns related to immune responses differed between hemi- or allogeneic embryo presence, with allogeneic embryos apparently inducing conspicuous modifications of immune-related genes and pathways. A decreased expression (P < 0.05; FC < -2) of several interferon ISGs, such as CXCL8, CXCL10, IRF1, IRF9, STAT1, and B2M, among others was detected in the endometrium of sows carrying allogeneic embryos on day 24 of pregnancy. This severe downregulation of ISGs in allogeneic pregnancies could represent a failure of ET-embryos to signal IFN to the endometrium to warrant the development of adequate immunotolerance mechanisms to facilitate embryo development, thus contributing to elevated embryo death.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - M Alvarez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - H Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Kose M, Hitit M, Kaya MS, Kırbas M, Dursun S, Alak I, Atli MO. Expression pattern of microRNAs in ovine endometrium during the peri-implantation. Theriogenology 2022; 191:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martinez CA, Rodriguez‐Martinez H. Context is key: Maternal immune responses to pig allogeneic embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2022. [PMCID: PMC9542102 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Successful establishment of pregnancy includes the achievement of a state of immune tolerance toward the embryos (and placenta), where the well‐coordinated maternal immune system is capable of recognizing conceptus antigens while maintaining maternal defense against pathogens. In physiological pregnancies, following natural mating or artificial insemination (AI), the maternal immune system is exposed to the presence of hemi‐allogeneic embryos, that is, embryos containing maternal self‐antigens and foreign antigens from the paternal side. In this scenario, the hemi‐allogeneic embryo is recognized by the mother, but the immune system is locally modified to facilitate embryo implantation and pregnancy progression. Pig allogeneic pregnancies (with embryos containing both paternal and maternal material foreign to the recipient female), occur during embryo transfer (ET), with conspicuously high rates of embryonic death. Mortality mainly occurs during the peri‐attachment phase, suggesting that immune responses to allogeneic embryos are more complex and less efficient, hindering the conceptuses to survive to term. Reaching a similar maternal tolerance as in conventional breeding would render ET successful. The present review critically summarizes mechanisms of maternal immune recognition of pregnancy and factors associated with impaired maternal immune response to the presence of allogeneic embryos in the porcine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A. Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Heriberto Rodriguez‐Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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Han J, Yoo I, Lee S, Cheon Y, Yun CH, Ka H. Interleukin-10 and Its Receptors at the Maternal-Conceptus Interface: Expression, Regulation, and Implication for Th2 Cytokine Predominance and Maternal Immune Tolerance in the Pig, a True Epitheliochorial Placentation Species†. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1159-1174. [PMID: 35348632 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is important for the maternal immune tolerance during pregnancy in mammals. Among the various cytokines, interleukin (IL)-10 (IL10) plays an essential role in anti-inflammatory responses, while IL12 is involved in pro-inflammatory responses during pregnancy. However, the roles of IL10 and IL12 in the endometrium during pregnancy have not been studied in pigs. Thus, we investigated the expression of IL10, IL12 (IL12A and IL12B) and their receptors (IL10RA, IL10RB, IL12RB1, and IL12RB2) at the maternal-conceptus interface. IL10, IL12, and their receptors were expressed in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in a pregnancy stage-specific manner. During pregnancy, IL10 expression increased on Day 15, whereas the expression of IL12A and IL12B decreased after the implantation period. IL10 protein was localized to luminal epithelial (LE), stromal cells, and macrophages; IL10RA protein to LE, endothelial, stromal, and T cells; and IL10RB mRNA to LE cells in the endometrium. IL10 and IL10RA proteins and IL10RB mRNA were also localized to chorionic epithelial (CE) cells. In endometrial explants, the expression of IL10RA and IL10RB was induced by estradiol-17β, IL-1β, and/or interferon-γ. Heme oxygenase 1, an IL10-inducible factor, was expressed in the endometrium with highest levels on Day 30 of pregnancy and was localized to LE and CE cells. These results in pigs suggest that conceptus-derived signals change the endometrial immune environment by regulating the expression of IL10 and IL10 receptors at the maternal-conceptus interface and that IL10 may provide anti-inflammatory conditions for the maternal immune tolerance. Summary Sentence: IL10 expression increases at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Han
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyung Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yugyeong Cheon
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
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Jiang Y, Huang F, Chai X, Yuan W, Ding H, Wu X. The role of IP-10 and its receptor CXCR3 in early pregnancy. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:59-69. [PMID: 34655920 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The local immune microenvironment of the uterus plays an important role in a successful pregnancy. IP-10 (CXCL10) has been extensively studied in many immune-related diseases. However, the immune role of IP-10 in early pregnancy has not been fully recognized. This study mainly investigated the role of pro-inflammatory chemokine IP-10 in pregnancy. The levels of IP-10 and its receptor chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) were lower in the decidual tissues of an abortion-prone mice than in normal pregnant mice. Meantime, the expression of IP-10 and CXCR3 was higher in the decidual tissues of early pregnant women than in the endometrial tissues of non-pregnant women. IP-10 promoted the production of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and also promoted the migration and differentiation of uterine decidual T cells to type 1 T helper (Th1) cells and Th17 cells. The abortion rate of early pregnant mice increased but the number of CD49b+, CD11b+, and CD3ε+ cells in the decidual tissues decreased upon treatment with anti-IP-10 antibody. Moreover, anti IP-10 antibody decreased the expression of RANTES but increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. A successful pregnancy requires the participation of IP-10. IP-10 participates in formation of the pro-inflammatory immune microenvironment during early pregnancy by regulating the distribution of immune cells and promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 430011, China
| | - Fengying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 430011, China
| | - Xiaoshan Chai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 430011, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 430011, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 430011, China
| | - Xianqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 430011, China.
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Fiorenza MF, Amaral CDS, da Anunciação ARDA, Portela VVM, Marey MA, Miyamoto A, Antoniazzi AQ. Possible impact of neutrophils on immune responses during early pregnancy in ruminants. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210048. [PMID: 34745357 PMCID: PMC8562715 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between early embryo and maternal immune system for the establishment of pregnancy is the focus of several studies; however, it remains unclear. The maternal immune response needs to keep a balance between avoiding any damage to the conceptus and maintaining its function in combating microbes as well. When conceptus-maternal crosstalk cannot achieve this balance, pregnancy losses might occur. Intercommunication between mother and conceptus is fundamental during early pregnancy to dictate the outcome of pregnancy. In ruminants, the embryo reacts with the maternal system mainly via interferon tau (IFNT) release. IFNT can act locally on the embryo and endometrial cells and systemically in several tissues and cells to regulate their response via the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Also, IFNT can induce the expression of inflammatory-related genes in immune cells. Day 7 embryo induces a shift in the maternal immune response towards anti-inflammatory (Th2) immune responses. During maternal recognition of pregnancy, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) express markers that configure an anti-inflammatory response. However, PMNs response is more sensitive to the effects of IFNT. PMNs are more likely to express interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB), interleukin 10 (IL10), and arginase-1 (ARG1), configuring one of the most rapid immune responses to early pregnancy. This review focus on the local and peripheral immune responses during early pregnancy in ruminants, mainly the PMNs function in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariani Farias Fiorenza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Amaral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mohammed Ali Marey
- Global Agromedicine Research Center, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global Agromedicine Research Center, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Ault-Seay TB, Harrison TD, Brandt KJ, Payton RR, Schneider LG, Myer PR, Rhinehart JD, Rispoli LA, McLean KJ. The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6208278. [PMID: 33822060 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of replacement heifers is crucial for breeding success and herd efficiency. Nutritional management can affect not only reproductive development but also the inflammatory status of the uterine environment, which may impact reproductive functions such as pregnancy establishment and development. The study herein evaluated the concentration of cytokines and chemokines in the uterus of heifers supplemented with different levels of protein. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments based on protein supplementation level: control of 10% crude protein (CON), 20% crude protein (P20), or 40% crude protein (P40). BW, body condition score, and blood samples were taken every 2 wk for 140 d to monitor development. Uterine flushes were performed monthly and concentrations of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, VEGF-α, IL-17A, and IL-36RA) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) were quantified via ELISA multiplex. To test if there were mean differences in cytokines between the treatment groups or over time, PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v 9.4) was utilized. Concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines, except IL-1α, changed throughout heifer development (P < 0.05). Heifers in the P40 treatment group displayed reduced concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.007) and tended to have decreased concentrations of IFN-γ (P = 0.06). Cytokine IL-36RA tended (P = 0.06) to be affected by protein level, with the lowest concentrations observed in CON heifers. Most cytokines and chemokines increased following the initial month of supplementation (P < 0.05). The increase in concentrations after 1 mo may indicate an adaptive response in the uterus to diet change. Cytokines and chemokines fluctuated due to physiological changes occurring during development. Further research is needed to determine the influence of nutrition on uterine inflammation and long-term impacts on reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Ault-Seay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Taylor D Harrison
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Kiernan J Brandt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Liesel G Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Phillip R Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Justin D Rhinehart
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Louisa A Rispoli
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Kyle J McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
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Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Embryo-Maternal Communication throughout Implantation Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155523. [PMID: 32752293 PMCID: PMC7432060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In ruminants, the establishment of proper conceptus–endometrial communication is essential for conceptus implantation and subsequent successful placentation. Accumulated evidence supports the idea that extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in uterine lumen are involved in conceptus–endometrial interactions during the preimplantation period. EVs make up a new field of intercellular communicators, which transport a variety of bioactive molecules, including soluble and membrane-bound proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNAs. EVs thus regulate gene expression and elicit biological effects including increased cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion in recipient cells. Uterine EVs are interactive and coordinate with ovarian progesterone (P4), trophectoderm-derived interferon tau (IFNT) and/or prostaglandins (PGs) in the physiological or pathological microenvironment. In this review, we will focus on intrauterine EVs in embryo–maternal interactions during the early stage of pregnancy, especially the implantation period in ruminant ungulates.
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Zeng S, Ulbrich SE, Bauersachs S. Spatial organization of endometrial gene expression at the onset of embryo attachment in pigs. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:895. [PMID: 31752681 PMCID: PMC6873571 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the preimplantation phase in the pig, the conceptus trophoblast elongates into a filamentous form and secretes estrogens, interleukin 1 beta 2, interferons, and other signaling molecules before attaching to the uterine epithelium. The processes in the uterine endometrium in response to conceptus signaling are complex. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize transcriptome changes in porcine endometrium during the time of conceptus attachment considering the specific localization in different endometrial cell types. RESULTS Low-input RNA-sequencing was conducted for the main endometrial compartments, luminal epithelium (LE), glandular epithelium (GE), blood vessels (BV), and stroma. Samples were isolated from endometria collected on Day 14 of pregnancy and the estrous cycle (each group n = 4) by laser capture microdissection. The expression of 12,000, 11,903, 11,094, and 11,933 genes was detectable in LE, GE, BV, and stroma, respectively. Differential expression analysis was performed between the pregnant and cyclic group for each cell type as well as for a corresponding dataset for complete endometrium tissue samples. The highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was found for LE (1410) compared to GE, BV, and stroma (800, 1216, and 384). For the complete tissue, 3262 DEGs were obtained. The DEGs were assigned to Gene Ontology (GO) terms to find overrepresented functional categories and pathways specific for the individual endometrial compartments. GO classification revealed that DEGs in LE were involved in 'biosynthetic processes', 'related to ion transport', and 'apoptotic processes', whereas 'cell migration', 'cell growth', 'signaling', and 'metabolic/biosynthetic processes' categories were enriched for GE. For blood vessels, categories such as 'focal adhesion', 'actin cytoskeleton', 'cell junction', 'cell differentiation and development' were found as overrepresented, while for stromal samples, most DEGs were assigned to 'extracellular matrix', 'gap junction', and 'ER to Golgi vesicles'. CONCLUSIONS The localization of differential gene expression to different endometrial cell types provided a significantly improved view on the regulation of biological processes involved in conceptus implantation, such as the control of uterine fluid secretion, trophoblast attachment, growth regulation by Wnt signaling and other signaling pathways, as well as the modulation of the maternal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zeng
- Genetics and Functional Genomics, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Eschikon 27 AgroVet-Strickhof, Zurich, Switzerland
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau, ZH 8315 Switzerland
| | - Susanne E. Ulbrich
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau, ZH 8315 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Genetics and Functional Genomics, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Eschikon 27 AgroVet-Strickhof, Zurich, Switzerland
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Złotkowska A, Andronowska A. Variable chemokine expression in porcine trophoblasts and endometrium during the peri-implantation period. Theriogenology 2019; 131:16-27. [PMID: 30928625 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful embryo implantation and its further development depends on appropriate endometrial remodelling. Porcine early pregnancy is associated with intensive endometrial angiogenesis and establishment of an immunotolerant environment for the embryo. An increasing number of factors are believed to participate in endometrial remodelling. The aim of this study was to elucidate the involvement of selected chemokines at the porcine maternal-foetal interface during the peri-implantation period. Real-time PCR analysis revealed several upregulated chemokines during the time of implantation, and Western blot/ELISA analyses and immunohistochemical staining confirmed their presence at the protein level. The gene expression of several chemokines and receptors was also confirmed in early porcine trophoblasts. The results indicated that IFNG, a porcine trophoblast signal, positively influenced the expression of some chemokines in endometrial cells. In conclusion, we suggest that some of the examined chemokines may be involved in endometrial communication with the trophoblast (CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, CXCL12), whereas others are implicated in the recruitment of immune cells and establishment of an immunotolerant environment for the embryo (CXCL9, CXCL10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Złotkowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Sakumoto R, Iga K, Hayashi KG, Fujii S, Kanahara H, Hosoe M, Furusawa T. Gene expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 in peripheral blood leukocytes during early pregnancy in cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 29946459 PMCID: PMC6008911 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate CCL8 and CXCL10 expression and its regulatory mechanism in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) at the time of maternal recognition in cows. Blood samples were collected on 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 d after artificial insemination (AI). Based on the day of return of estrus, cows were divided into three groups, pregnant (n = 5), early embryonic mortality (EEM; n = 5) and late embryonic mortality (LEM; n = 5). The gene expression levels in PBLs were assessed with quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Results The expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA in PBLs gradually increased from 14 to 18 d of pregnant cows and significant differences were observed on 18 d (P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed both in EEM and LEM cows. Interferon-stimulated protein 15 kDa (ISG15), myxovirus-resistance gene (MX) 1 and MX2 mRNA expression in PBLs increased from 14 to 18 d which was significant on 18 d of pregnant cows as well as in LEM cows (P < 0.05), but no changes were observed in EEM cows. To determine whether the expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 in PBLs was regulated by pregnancy-related substances or not, expression level was assessed after exposure to interferon-τ (IFNT) and CCL16. Monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes were obtained using density-gradient centrifugation and flow cytometry. The addition of IFNT (100 ng/mL) and CCL16 (100 ng/mL) to cultured PBLs increased the expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA (P < 0.05). The expression of ISG15, MX1 and MX2 mRNA in PBLs was also stimulated by IFNT and CCL16 (P < 0.05). Conclusions The expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 genes increased in PBLs during early pregnancy. Since IFNT stimulated CCL8 and CXCL10 expression in cultured PBLs, the increase of CCL8 and CXCL10 might be pregnancy-dependent events. The expression of both CCL8 and CXCL10 in PBLs was stimulated by CCL16 as well as IFNT, suggesting a chemokine interaction that at least includes CCL8, CXCL10 and CCL16, and may play a role in regulating maternal recognition in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakumoto
- 1Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Kosuke Iga
- 2Division of Livestock and Forage Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Morioka, 020-0198 Japan
| | - Ken-Go Hayashi
- 1Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Shiori Fujii
- 1Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Hiroko Kanahara
- 1Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Misa Hosoe
- 3Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Tadashi Furusawa
- 3Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
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Han J, Gu MJ, Yoo I, Choi Y, Jang H, Kim M, Yun CH, Ka H. Analysis of cysteine-X-cysteine motif chemokine ligands 9, 10, and 11, their receptor CXCR3, and their possible role on the recruitment of immune cells at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:69-80. [PMID: 28859287 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play critical roles in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in animals. Cysteine-X-cysteine motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10, and CXCL11 are involved in recruiting immune cells by binding to their shared receptor, CXC receptor 3 (CXCR3), in a variety of tissues. This study examined the expression and regulation of chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, their receptor CXCR3, and their role at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. The endometrium expressed CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCR3 stage specifically during pregnancy, with the greatest abundance on Day 15 of pregnancy. It was noted that their expression was primarily localized to stromal cells, endothelial cells, or vascular smooth muscle cells in the endometrium. Interferon-γ increased the abundance of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 mRNAs, but not CXCR3, in endometrial explants. Furthermore, recombinant CXCL9 (rCXCL9), rCXCL10, and rCXCL11 proteins increased migration of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a dose-dependent manner. Recombinant CXCL9 and rCXCL10 caused migration of CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD8+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, and rCXCL11 increased migration of CD4+ T and NK cells in PBMCs. The present study demonstrated that interferon-γ-induced CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, and their receptor CXCR3 were expressed in the uterus in stage- and cell-type specific manners and increased the migration of T and NK cells, which showed the greatest endometrial infiltration on Day 15 of pregnancy. These results suggest that CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 may play an important role in the recruitment of immune cells into the endometrium during the implantation period in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Han
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Gu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Choi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhee Jang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yang D, Jiang T, Liu J, Hong J, Lin P, Chen H, Zhou D, Tang K, Wang A, Jin Y. Hormone regulates endometrial function via cooperation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR-autophagy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6644-6659. [PMID: 29206294 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In ruminant, the receptive endometrium and the elongation of the hatched blastocyst are required to complete the process of implantation. However, the mechanisms regulating goat endometrial function during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy are still unclear. In this study, EECs were treated with progesterone, estradiol, and interferon-tau (IFNT). We have found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was activated under hormones treatment. To identify the cellular mechanism of regulation of endometrial function, we investigated the effect of ER stress activator thapsigargin (TG) and inhibitor 4 phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) on EECs. We found that TG, which activated the three branches of UPR, increased the expression of genes associated with promoting conceptus elongation and cellular attachment, significantly up-regulated the spheroid attachment rate and PGE2 /PGF2α ratio. 4-PBA pre-treatment inhibited UPR and inhibited promoting conceptus elongation and cellular attachment related genes, but the spheroid attachment rate and PGE2 /PGF2α ratio were not changed significantly. Moreover, knockdown of ATF6 via shATF6 promoted the conceptus elongation related genes, but increased the dissolution of the corpus luteum. Besides, blocking ATF6 attenuated autophagy by activating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Moreover, rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) pre-treatment inhibited the expression of promoting conceptus elongation and increased PGE2 /PGF2α ratio. Taken together, our study indicated that physiological level of ER stress may contribute to early pregnancy success, and ATF6 signaling pathway cooperated with autophagy to regulate endometrial function by modulating mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Keqiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Loch C, Haeger JD, Pfarrer C. IFNτ mediates chemotaxis, motility, metabolism and CK18 downregulation in bovine trophoblast cells in vitro via STAT1 and MAPK42/44 signaling. Placenta 2018; 64:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Imakawa K, Bai R, Nakamura K, Kusama K. Thirty years of interferon-tau research; Past, present and future perspective. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:927-936. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Animal Resource Science Center; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; the University of Tokyo; Kasama Ibaraki Japan
| | - Rulan Bai
- Animal Resource Science Center; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; the University of Tokyo; Kasama Ibaraki Japan
| | - Keigo Nakamura
- Animal Resource Science Center; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; the University of Tokyo; Kasama Ibaraki Japan
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Animal Resource Science Center; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; the University of Tokyo; Kasama Ibaraki Japan
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16
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Imakawa K, Bai R, Fujiwara H, Ideta A, Aoyagi Y, Kusama K. Continuous model of conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R53-R65. [PMID: 28213399 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As placental morphology as well as trophoblast characteristics exhibit wide diversity across mammalian species, underling molecules were also thought to vary greatly. In the majority of cases, however, regardless of the mode of implantation, physiological and biochemical processes in conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium including the kinds of gene expression and their products are now considered to share many similarities. In fact, recent progress has identified that in addition to the hormones, cytokines, proteases and cell adhesion molecules classically characterized, molecules related to lymphocyte homing and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are all required for the progression of conceptus implantation to placentation. In this review, therefore, the newest findings are all incorporated into the molecular and cellular events related to conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium; primarily from non-invasive bovine placentation and also from invasive human implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Animal Resource Science CenterGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rulan Bai
- Animal Resource Science CenterGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ideta
- Zennoh Embryo Transfer CenterKamishihoro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshito Aoyagi
- Zennoh Embryo Transfer CenterKamishihoro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Animal Resource Science CenterGraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
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17
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Sakumoto R, Hayashi KG, Fujii S, Kanahara H, Hosoe M, Furusawa T, Kizaki K. Possible Roles of CC- and CXC-Chemokines in Regulating Bovine Endometrial Function during Early Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040742. [PMID: 28362325 PMCID: PMC5412327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the possible roles of chemokines in regulating bovine endometrial function during early pregnancy. The expression of six chemokines, including CCL2, CCL8, CCL11, CCL14, CCL16, and CXCL10, was higher in the endometrium at 15 and 18 days of pregnancy than at the same days in non-pregnant animals. Immunohistochemical staining showed that chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CXCR3) were expressed in the epithelial cells and glandular epithelial cells of the bovine endometrium as well as in the fetal trophoblast obtained from a cow on day 18 of pregnancy. The addition of interferon-τ (IFNT) to an endometrial tissue culture system increased CCL8 and CXCL10 expression in the tissues, but did not affect CCL2, CCL11, and CCL16 expression. CCL14 expression by these tissues was inhibited by IFNT. CCL16, but not other chemokines, clearly stimulated interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and myxovirus-resistance gene 1 (MX1) expression in these tissues. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression decreased after stimulation with CCL8 and CCL14, and oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression was decreased by CCL2, CCL8, CCL14, and CXCL10. Collectively, the expression of chemokine genes is increased in the endometrium during early pregnancy. These genes may contribute to the regulation of endometrial function by inhibiting COX2 and OTR expression, subsequently decreasing prostaglandin production and preventing luteolysis in cows.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Embryo Implantation/genetics
- Embryo Implantation/physiology
- Endometrium/cytology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Endometrium/physiology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Immunohistochemistry
- Pregnancy
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Oxytocin/genetics
- Receptors, Oxytocin/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakumoto
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Ken-Go Hayashi
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Shiori Fujii
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Kanahara
- Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Misa Hosoe
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Furusawa
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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18
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Bairagi S, Quinn K, Crane A, Ashley R, Borowicz P, Caton J, Redden R, Grazul-Bilska A, Reynolds L. Maternal environment and placental vascularization in small ruminants. Theriogenology 2016; 86:288-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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19
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Imakawa K, Bai R, Fujiwara H, Kusama K. Conceptus implantation and placentation: molecules related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, lymphocyte homing, endogenous retroviruses, and exosomes. Reprod Med Biol 2015; 15:1-11. [PMID: 29259417 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-015-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Processes of conceptus implantation and placentation, unique to mammalian reproduction, have been extensively studied. It was once thought that processes of these events varied greatly, notably between invasive and noninvasive modes of implantation and/or placentation. Regardless of the mode of implantation, however, physiological and biochemical processes in conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium including the kinds of gene expression and their products are now considered not to differ so much. Recent progress has identified that in addition to the hormones, cytokines, proteases and cell adhesion molecules classically characterized, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, molecules related to lymphocyte homing, the expression of endogenous retroviruses and possibly exosomes are all required for the progression of conceptus implantation to placentation. In this review, therefore, new findings related to these events are integrated into the context of conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Animal Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657 Tokyo Japan
| | - Rulan Bai
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Animal Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657 Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine Science Kanazawa University 920-1192 Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Animal Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657 Tokyo Japan
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20
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Effects of differentn-6:n-3 fatty acid ratios and of enterolactone on gene expression and PG secretion in bovine endometrial cells. Br J Nutr 2014; 113:56-71. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Feeding flaxseed to dairy cows can modulate gene expression and PG synthesis in the uterus at the time of peri-implantation. The objectives of the present study were to determine which flaxseed components are responsible for these effects and how different endometrial cell types are affected. We evaluated the effects of six different linoleic acid (n-6):α-linolenic acid (n-3) ratios and three concentrations of the lignan enterolactone (ENL) on endometrial stromal cells (SC) and epithelial cells (EC). The mRNA abundance of genes with known or suspected roles in embryo survival or PG synthesis was evaluated, along with PGE2and PGF2αconcentrations in culture media. The mRNA abundance of several genes was modulated by different fatty acid (FA) ratios and/or ENL, and this modulation differed between cell types. The FA4 (FA at ann-6:n-3 ratio of 4) treatment (rich inn-3 FA) increased the mRNA abundance of genes that have positive effects on uterine receptivity and implantation when compared with the FA25 (FA at ann-6:n-3 ratio of 25) treatment (rich inn-6 FA). ENL decreased PGE2and PGF2αconcentrations in both cell types, and this reduction was associated with lower mRNA abundance of the PG synthase genesAKR1B1andPTGESin SC. The combination of ENL with FA (FA4 treatment) resulted in the greatest reduction in PGF2αconcentrations when compared with the addition of FA (FA4) or ENL alone. Because of the known luteolytic properties of PGF2α, a reduction in endometrial PGF2αsecretion would favour the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy.
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21
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Inducible protein-10, a potential driver of neurally controlled interleukin-10 and morbidity in human blunt trauma. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:1487-97. [PMID: 24584064 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blunt trauma and traumatic spinal cord injury induce systemic inflammation that contributes to morbidity. Dysregulated neural control of systemic inflammation postinjury is likely exaggerated in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. We used in silico methods to discern dynamic inflammatory networks that could distinguish systemic inflammation in traumatic spinal cord injury from blunt trauma. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTINGS Tertiary care institution. PATIENTS Twenty-one severely injured thoracocervical traumatic spinal cord injury patients and matched 21 severely injured blunt trauma patients without spinal cord injury. INTERVENTION None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serial blood samples were obtained from days 1 to 14 postinjury. Twenty-four plasma inflammatory mediators were quantified. Statistical significance between the two groups was determined by two-way analysis of variance. Dynamic Bayesian network inference was used to suggest dynamic connectivity and central inflammatory mediators. Circulating interleukin-10 was significantly elevated in thoracocervical traumatic spinal cord injury group versus non-spinal cord injury group, whereas interleukin-1β, soluble interleukin-2 receptor-α, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-7, interleukin-13, interleukin-17, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and 1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interferon-γ were significantly reduced in traumatic spinal cord injury group versus non-spinal cord injury group. Dynamic Bayesian network suggested that post-spinal cord injury interleukin-10 is driven by inducible protein-10, whereas monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was central in non-spinal cord injury dynamic networks. In a separate validation cohorts of 356 patients without spinal cord injury and 85 traumatic spinal cord injury patients, individuals with plasma inducible protein-10 levels more than or equal to 730 pg/mL had significantly prolonged hospital and ICU stay and days on mechanical ventilator versus patients with plasma inducible protein-10 level less than 730 pg/mL. CONCLUSION This is the first study to compare the dynamic systemic inflammatory responses of traumatic spinal cord injury patients versus patients without spinal cord injury, suggesting a key role for inducible protein-10 in driving systemic interleukin-10 and morbidity and highlighting the potential utility of in silico tools to identify key inflammatory drivers.
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22
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Imakawa K, Yasuda J, Kobayashi T, Miyazawa T. Changes in Gene Expression Associated with Conceptus Implantation to the Maternal Endometrium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1274/jmor.30.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Akhi SN, Diaz-Garcia C, El-Akouri RR, Wranning CA, Mölne J, Brännström M. Uterine rejection after allogeneic uterus transplantation in the rat is effectively suppressed by tacrolimus. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:862-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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25
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Bai H, Sakurai T, Fujiwara H, Ideta A, Aoyagi Y, Godkin JD, Imakawa K. Functions of interferon tau as an immunological regulator for establishment of pregnancy. Reprod Med Biol 2012; 11:109-116. [PMID: 29699116 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-011-0117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a successful pregnancy requires a "fine quality embryo", "maternal recognition of pregnancy", and a "receptive uterus" during the period of conceptus implantation to the uterine endometrium. In ruminants, a conceptus cytokine, interferon tau (IFNT), a major cytokine produced by the peri-implantation trophectoderm, is known as a key factor for maternal recognition of pregnancy. IFNT can be considered one of the main factors in conceptus-uterus cross-talk, resulting in the rescue of ovarian corpus luteum (CL), induction of endometrial gene expressions, activation of residual immune cells, and recruitment of immune cells. Much research on IFNT has focused on the CL life-span (pregnancy recognition) and uterine gene expression through IFNT and related genes; however, immunological acceptance of the conceptus by the mother has not been well characterized. In this review, we will discuss the progress in IFNT and implantation research made by us and others for over 10 years, and relate this progress to pregnancy in mammalian species other than ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Bai
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657 Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657 Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine Kyoto University Sakyo-ku 606-8397 Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsushi Ideta
- Zen-noh ET center 080-1407 Kamishihoro Hokkaido Japan
| | | | - James D Godkin
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Tennessee 37996-4588 Knoxville TN USA
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku 113-8657 Tokyo Japan
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26
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Walker CG, Littlejohn MD, Mitchell MD, Roche JR, Meier S. Endometrial gene expression during early pregnancy differs between fertile and subfertile dairy cow strains. Physiol Genomics 2011; 44:47-58. [PMID: 22045914 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00254.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A receptive uterine environment is a key component in determining a successful reproductive outcome. We tested the hypothesis that endometrial gene expression patterns differ in fertile and subfertile dairy cow strains. Twelve lactating dairy cattle of strains characterized as having fertile (n = 6) and subfertile (n = 6) phenotypes underwent embryo transfer on day 7 of the reproductive cycle. Caruncular and intercaruncular endometrial tissue was obtained at day 17 of pregnancy, and microarrays used to characterize transcriptional profiles. Statistical analysis of microarray data at day 17 of pregnancy revealed 482 and 1,021 differentially expressed transcripts (P value < 0.05) between fertile and subfertile dairy cow strains in intercaruncular and caruncular tissue, respectively. Functional analysis revealed enrichment for several pathways involved in key reproductive processes, including the immune response to pregnancy, luteolysis, and support of embryo growth and development, and in particular, regulation of histotroph composition. Genes implicated in the process of immune tolerance to the embryo were downregulated in subfertile cows, as were genes involved in preventing luteolysis and genes that promote embryo growth and development. This study provides strong evidence that the endometrial gene expression profile may contribute to the inferior reproductive performance of the subfertile dairy cow strain.
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27
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Groebner AE, Schulke K, Schefold JC, Fusch G, Sinowatz F, Reichenbach HD, Wolf E, Meyer HHD, Ulbrich SE. Immunological mechanisms to establish embryo tolerance in early bovine pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:619-32. [DOI: 10.1071/rd10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-balanced immunological interaction between mother and the semi-allogenic embryo is of particular importance. The objective of the present study was to analyse mechanisms of immune tolerance in bovine pregnancy during peri-implantation. Simmental heifers inseminated with either cryopreserved spermatozoa or seminal plasma were killed 12, 15 or 18 days after oestrus. Uteri were flushed for the recovery of conceptuses and the ipsilateral intercaruncular endometrium was sampled for gene expression analysis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA, coding for the initial enzyme of the kynurenine pathway, was 18-fold (P < 0.001) more abundant in the endometrium of Day 18 pregnant v. non-pregnant animals. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed a decrease of endometrial l-tryptophan (P = 0.0008), but an increase of l-kynurenine concentration (P = 0.005) from Day 12 to Day 18, suggesting increasing IDO activity (P < 0.03). An in vitro coculture model of endometrial cells showed an induction of IDO expression following interferon-τ exposure primarily in stroma cells, which was confirmed by in situ hybridisation localising IDO mRNA mainly in deep stroma cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed fewer CD45-positive leucocytes in the zona basalis of pregnant animals. Elevated IDO activity may reduce the presence of leucocytes in the pregnant endometrium, providing a possible mechanism for protecting the semi-allogenic conceptus from maternal rejection.
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28
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Dominguez F, Martínez S, Quiñonero A, Loro F, Horcajadas JA, Pellicer A, Simón C. CXCL10 and IL-6 induce chemotaxis in human trophoblast cell lines. Mol Hum Reprod 2008; 14:423-30. [PMID: 18495678 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gan032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of trophoblast chemoattractive molecules in humans is of high interest for the reproductive field. Current evidence in ruminants demonstrates that CXCL10, formerly the interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), is a potent chemotactic molecule implicated in the migration of trophoblast cells during early gestation. The aim of this work was to explore the existence of CXCL10/CXCR3 in the human model. Furthermore, chemotaxis assays were performed to demonstrate CXCL10 chemotactic activity in the human trophoblast cell lines JEG-3 and AC-1M88. Surprisingly, the conditioned media from epithelial endometrial cells (EEC) induced the highest trophoblast migration rate. Cytokine and chemokine membrane protein arrays were used to identify the secreted protein profile of EEC-conditioned media, and IL-6 was found to be the most abundant and CXCL13 the second most abundant molecule. Using a chemotaxis assay on AC-IM88, IL-6 antibody blocked the effect of EEC, indicating IL-6 to be an effective chemoattractive factor for trophoblast cells in the human model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dominguez
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), University of Valencia, C/ Guadassuar 1, Bajo, 46015 Valencia, Spain
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Imakawa K, Imai M, Sakai A, Suzuki M, Nagaoka K, Sakai S, Lee SR, Chang KT, Echternkamp SE, Christenson RK. Regulation of conceptus adhesion by endometrial CXC chemokines during the implantation period in sheep. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:850-8. [PMID: 16596627 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To gain a better understanding of biochemical mechanisms of conceptus adhesion to the maternal endometrium in ruminant ungulates, the present study was performed to clarify roles of chemokines and extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the regulation of ovine blastocyst attachment to the endometrium. In addition to the chemokine, interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 kDa (IP-10, CXCL10), the chemokine receptor, CXCR3, also recognizes two other chemokines; monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG, CXCL9) and IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC, CXCL11). Similar to CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 were expressed in the uterus during the peri-implantation period, and CXCL9 mRNA expression was stimulated in endometrial explants from day 14 cyclic ewes by the addition of IFN-tau or IFN-gamma. Without ECM components, conceptus cell adhesion was low on day 14 of gestation and exhibited a 2.5-fold increase on day 17; adhesiveness on day 20 was 1/10 of that on day 14. Among various ECM components examined, trophoblast adhesion was greatest when fibronectin was used. Although day 14 conceptuses did not show much adhesive activity to fibronectin, day 17 trophoblast, and day 20 chorionic membrane exhibited 2.3-fold and 50-fold increase, respectively, which was enhanced by treatment with CXCL9 or CXCL10. These results indicate that through endometrial fibronectin and chemokines, ovine conceptus cells gain the ability to attach to the endometrium during pre-implantation period; however, elucidation of molecular mechanisms by which the conceptus acquires the adhesive ability during this time period awaits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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