1
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Mews P, Sosnick L, Gurung A, Sidoli S, Nestler EJ. Decoding cocaine-induced proteomic adaptations in the mouse nucleus accumbens. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadl4738. [PMID: 38626009 PMCID: PMC11170322 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adl4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition that results from enduring cellular and molecular adaptations. Among substance use disorders, CUD is notable for its rising prevalence and the lack of approved pharmacotherapies. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region that is integral to the brain's reward circuitry, plays a crucial role in the initiation and continuation of maladaptive behaviors that are intrinsic to CUD. Leveraging advancements in neuroproteomics, we undertook a proteomic analysis that spanned membrane, cytosolic, nuclear, and chromatin compartments of the NAc in a mouse model. The results unveiled immediate and sustained proteomic modifications after cocaine exposure and during prolonged withdrawal. We identified congruent protein regulatory patterns during initial cocaine exposure and reexposure after withdrawal, which contrasted with distinct patterns during withdrawal. Pronounced proteomic shifts within the membrane compartment indicated adaptive and long-lasting molecular responses prompted by cocaine withdrawal. In addition, we identified potential protein translocation events between soluble-nuclear and chromatin-bound compartments, thus providing insight into intracellular protein dynamics after cocaine exposure. Together, our findings illuminate the intricate proteomic landscape that is altered in the NAc by cocaine use and provide a dataset for future research toward potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mews
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lucas Sosnick
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashik Gurung
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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2
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Martínez-Rivera FJ, Holt LM, Minier-Toribio A, Estill M, Yeh SY, Tofani S, Futamura R, Browne CJ, Mews P, Shen L, Nestler EJ. Transcriptional characterization of cocaine withdrawal versus extinction within nucleus accumbens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584637. [PMID: 38559084 PMCID: PMC10980003 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorder is characterized by a maladaptive imbalance wherein drug seeking persists despite negative consequences or drug unavailability. This imbalance correlates with neurobiological alterations some of which are amplified during forced abstinence, thereby compromising the capacity of extinction-based approaches to prevent relapse. Cocaine use disorder (CUD) exemplifies this phenomenon in which neurobiological modifications hijack brain reward regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to manifest craving and withdrawal-like symptoms. While increasing evidence links transcriptional changes in the NAc to specific phases of addiction, genome-wide changes in gene expression during withdrawal vs. extinction (WD/Ext) have not been examined in a context- and NAc-subregion-specific manner. Here, we used cocaine self-administration (SA) in rats combined with RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of NAc subregions (core and shell) to transcriptionally profile the impact of experiencing withdrawal in the home cage or in the previous drug context or experiencing extinction training. As expected, home-cage withdrawal maintained drug seeking in the previous drug context, whereas extinction training reduced it. By contrast, withdrawal involving repetitive exposure to the previous drug context increased drug-seeking behavior. Bioinformatic analyses of RNA-seq data revealed gene expression patterns, networks, motifs, and biological functions specific to these behavioral conditions and NAc subregions. Comparing transcriptomic analysis of the NAc of patients with CUD highlighted conserved gene signatures, especially with rats that were repetitively exposed to the previous drug context. Collectively, these behavioral and transcriptional correlates of several withdrawal-extinction settings reveal fundamental and translational information about potential molecular mechanisms to attenuate drug-associated memories.
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3
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Sens JP, Hofford RS, Kiraly DD. Effect of germ-free status on transcriptional profiles in the nucleus accumbens and transcriptomic response to chronic morphine. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103874. [PMID: 37315877 PMCID: PMC10921993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a public health crisis that causes tremendous suffering for patients as well as substantial social and economic costs for society. There are currently available treatments for patients with opioid use disorder, but they remain intolerable or ineffective for many. Thus the need to develop new avenues for therapeutics development in this space is great. Substantial work in models of substance use disorders, including opioid use disorder, demonstrates that prolonged exposure to drugs of abuse leads to marked transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulation in limbic substructures. It is widely believed that these changes in gene regulation in response to drugs are a key driving factor in the perpetuation of drug taking and seeking behaviors. Thus, development of interventions that could shape transcriptional regulation in response to drugs of abuse would be of high value. Over the past decade there has been a surge in research demonstrating that the resident bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract, collectively the gut microbiome, can have tremendous influence on neurobiological and behavioral plasticity. Previous work from our group and others has demonstrated that alterations in the gut microbiome can alter behavioral responses to opioids in multiple paradigms. Additionally, we have previously reported that depletion of the gut microbiome with antibiotics markedly shifts the transcriptome of the nucleus accumbens following prolonged morphine exposure. In this manuscript we present a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the gut microbiome on transcriptional regulation of the nucleus accumbens following morphine by utilizing germ-free, antibiotic treated, and control mice. This allows for detailed understanding of the role of the microbiome in regulating baseline transcriptomic control, as well as response to morphine. We find that germ-free status leads to a marked gene dysregulation in a manner distinct to adult mice treated with antibiotics, and that altered gene pathways are highly related to cellular metabolic processes. These data provide additional insight into the role of the gut microbiome in modulating brain function and lay a foundation for further study in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon P Sens
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Rebecca S Hofford
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States.
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4
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Kumaresan V, Lim Y, Juneja P, Tipton AE, de Guglielmo G, Carrette LLG, Kallupi M, Maturin L, Liu Y, George O, Zhang H. Abstinence from Escalation of Cocaine Intake Changes the microRNA Landscape in the Cortico-Accumbal Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1368. [PMID: 37239038 PMCID: PMC10216163 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine administration alters the microRNA (miRNA) landscape in the cortico-accumbal pathway. These changes in miRNA can play a major role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression during withdrawal. This study aimed to investigate the changes in microRNA expression in the cortico-accumbal pathway during acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence following escalated cocaine intake. Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) was used to profile miRNA transcriptomic changes in the cortico-accumbal pathway [infralimbic- and prelimbic-prefrontal cortex (IL and PL) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)] of rats with extended access to cocaine self-administration followed by an 18-h withdrawal or a 4-week abstinence. An 18-h withdrawal led to differential expression (fold-change > 1.5 and p < 0.05) of 21 miRNAs in the IL, 18 miRNAs in the PL, and two miRNAs in the NAc. The mRNAs potentially targeted by these miRNAs were enriched in the following pathways: gap junctions, neurotrophin signaling, MAPK signaling, and cocaine addiction. Moreover, a 4-week abstinence led to differential expression (fold-change > 1.5 and p < 0.05) of 23 miRNAs in the IL, seven in the PL, and five miRNAs in the NAc. The mRNAs potentially targeted by these miRNAs were enriched in pathways including gap junctions, cocaine addiction, MAPK signaling, glutamatergic synapse, morphine addiction, and amphetamine addiction. Additionally, the expression levels of several miRNAs differentially expressed in either the IL or the NAc were significantly correlated with addiction behaviors. Our findings highlight the impact of acute and protracted abstinence from escalated cocaine intake on miRNA expression in the cortico-accumbal pathway, a key circuit in addiction, and suggest developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches to prevent relapse by targeting abstinence-associated miRNAs and their regulated mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Kumaresan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Yolpanhchana Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.L.); (P.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Poorva Juneja
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.L.); (P.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Allison E. Tipton
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Lieselot L. G. Carrette
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Lisa Maturin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.L.); (P.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (G.d.G.); (L.L.G.C.); (M.K.); (L.M.); (O.G.)
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.L.); (P.J.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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5
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Tam RW, Keung AJ. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Medium Spiny Neuron-like Cells Exhibit Gene Desensitization. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091411. [PMID: 35563715 PMCID: PMC9100557 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene desensitization in response to a repeated stimulus is a complex phenotype important across homeostatic and disease processes, including addiction, learning, and memory. These complex phenotypes are being characterized and connected to important physiologically relevant functions in rodent systems but are difficult to capture in human models where even acute responses to important neurotransmitters are understudied. Here through transcriptomic analysis, we map the dynamic responses of human stem cell-derived medium spiny neuron-like cells (hMSN-like cells) to dopamine. Furthermore, we show that these human neurons can reflect and capture cellular desensitization to chronic versus acute administration of dopamine. These human cells are further able to capture complex receptor crosstalk in response to the pharmacological perturbations of distinct dopamine receptor subtypes. This study demonstrates the potential utility and remaining challenges of using human stem cell-derived neurons to capture and study the complex dynamic mechanisms of the brain.
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6
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Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cabana-Domínguez J, Corominas R, Cormand B. Molecular genetics of cocaine use disorders in humans. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:624-639. [PMID: 34453125 PMCID: PMC8960411 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction, one of the major health problems worldwide, is characterized by the loss of control in drug intake, craving, and withdrawal. At the individual level, drugs of abuse produce serious consequences on health and have a negative impact on the family environment and on interpersonal and work relationships. At a wider scale, they have significant socio-economic and public health consequences and they cause delinquency and citizen insecurity. Cocaine, a psychostimulant substance, is one of the most used illicit drugs, especially in America, Western Europe, and Australia. Cocaine use disorders (CUD) are complex multifactorial conditions driven by both genetic and environmental influences. Importantly, not all people who use cocaine develop CUD, and this is due, at least in part, to biological factors that are encoded in the genome of individuals. Acute and repeated use of cocaine induces epigenetic and gene expression changes responsible for the neuronal adaptations and the remodeling of brain circuits that lead to the transition from use to abuse or dependence. The purpose of this review is to delineate such factors, which should eventually help to understand the inter-individual variability in the susceptibility to cocaine addiction. Heritability estimates for CUD are high and genetic risk factors for cocaine addiction have been investigated by candidate gene association studies (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), reviewed here. Also, the high comorbidity that exists between CUD and several other psychiatric disorders is well known and includes phenotypes like schizophrenia, aggression, antisocial or risk-taking behaviors. Such comorbidities are associated with a worse lifetime trajectory, and here we report shared genetic factors that may contribute to them. Gene expression changes and epigenetic modifications induced by cocaine use and chronic abuse in humans are addressed by reviewing transcriptomic studies performed on neuronal cells and on postmortem brains. We report some genes which expression is altered by cocaine that also bear genetic risk variants for the disorder. Finally, we have a glance to the pharmacogenetics of CUD treatments, still in early stages. A better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of CUD will foster the search of effective treatments and help to move forward to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.452372.50000 0004 1791 1185Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia Spain
| | - Roser Corominas
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.452372.50000 0004 1791 1185Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
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7
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Zinsmaier AK, Dong Y, Huang YH. Cocaine-induced projection-specific and cell type-specific adaptations in the nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:669-686. [PMID: 33963288 PMCID: PMC8691189 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine craving, seeking, and relapse are mediated, in part, by cocaine-induced adaptive changes in the brain reward circuits. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) integrates and prioritizes different emotional and motivational inputs to the reward system by processing convergent glutamatergic projections from the medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, ventral hippocampus, and other limbic and paralimbic brain regions. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are the principal projection neurons in the NAc, which can be divided into two major subpopulations, namely dopamine receptor D1- versus D2-expressing MSNs, with complementing roles in reward-associated behaviors. After cocaine experience, NAc MSNs exhibit complex and differential adaptations dependent on cocaine regimen, withdrawal time, cell type, location (NAc core versus shell), and related input and output projections, or any combination of these factors. Detailed characterization of these cellular adaptations has been greatly facilitated by the recent development of optogenetic/chemogenetic techniques combined with transgenic tools. In this review, we discuss such cell type- and projection-specific adaptations induced by cocaine experience. Specifically, (1) D1 and D2 NAc MSNs frequently exhibit differential adaptations in spinogenesis, glutamatergic receptor trafficking, and intrinsic membrane excitability, (2) cocaine experience differentially changes the synaptic transmission at different afferent projections onto NAc MSNs, (3) cocaine-induced NAc adaptations exhibit output specificity, e.g., being different at NAc-ventral pallidum versus NAc-ventral tegmental area synapses, and (4) the input, output, subregion, and D1/D2 cell type may together determine cocaine-induced circuit plasticity in the NAc. In light of the projection- and cell-type specificity, we also briefly discuss ensemble and circuit mechanisms contributing to cocaine craving and relapse after drug withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Yanhua H. Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
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8
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Wildenberg G, Sorokina A, Koranda J, Monical A, Heer C, Sheffield M, Zhuang X, McGehee D, Kasthuri B. Partial connectomes of labeled dopaminergic circuits reveal non-synaptic communication and axonal remodeling after exposure to cocaine. eLife 2021; 10:71981. [PMID: 34965204 PMCID: PMC8716107 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) neurons exert profound influences on behavior including addiction. However, how DA axons communicate with target neurons and how those communications change with drug exposure remains poorly understood. We leverage cell type-specific labeling with large volume serial electron microscopy to detail DA connections in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the mouse (Mus musculus) before and after exposure to cocaine. We find that individual DA axons contain different varicosity types based on their vesicle contents. Spatially ordering along individual axons further suggests that varicosity types are non-randomly organized. DA axon varicosities rarely make specific synapses (<2%, 6/410), but instead are more likely to form spinule-like structures (15%, 61/410) with neighboring neurons. Days after a brief exposure to cocaine, DA axons were extensively branched relative to controls, formed blind-ended 'bulbs' filled with mitochondria, and were surrounded by elaborated glia. Finally, mitochondrial lengths increased by ~2.2 times relative to control only in DA axons and NAc spiny dendrites after cocaine exposure. We conclude that DA axonal transmission is unlikely to be mediated via classical synapses in the NAc and that the major locus of anatomical plasticity of DA circuits after exposure to cocaine are large-scale axonal re-arrangements with correlated changes in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Wildenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, United States
| | - Anastasia Sorokina
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, United States
| | - Jessica Koranda
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Alexis Monical
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Chad Heer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Mark Sheffield
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Daniel McGehee
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Bobby Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, United States
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9
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Cabana-Domínguez J, Martín-García E, Gallego-Roman A, Maldonado R, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cormand B. Reduced cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in Plcb1 +/- mice. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:521. [PMID: 34635637 PMCID: PMC8505421 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction causes serious health problems, and no effective treatment is available yet. We previously identified a genetic risk variant for cocaine addiction in the PLCB1 gene and found this gene upregulated in postmortem brains of cocaine abusers and in human dopaminergic neuron-like cells after an acute cocaine exposure. Here, we functionally tested the contribution of the PLCB1 gene to cocaine addictive properties using Plcb1+/- mice. First, we performed a general phenotypic characterization and found that Plcb1+/- mice showed normal behavior, although they had increased anxiety and impaired short-term memory. Subsequently, mice were trained for operant conditioning, self-administered cocaine for 10 days, and were tested for cocaine motivation. After extinction, we found a reduction in the cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in Plcb1+/- mice. After reinstatement, we identified transcriptomic alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex of Plcb1+/- mice, mostly related to pathways relevant to addiction like the dopaminergic synapse and long-term potentiation. To conclude, we found that heterozygous deletion of the Plcb1 gene decreases cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking, pointing at PLCB1 as a possible therapeutic target for preventing relapse and treating cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.452372.50000 0004 1791 1185Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.20522.370000 0004 1767 9005Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Ana Gallego-Roman
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain ,grid.20522.370000 0004 1767 9005Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. .,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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10
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Mitra S, Gobira PH, Werner CT, Martin JA, Iida M, Thomas SA, Erias K, Miracle S, Lafargue C, An C, Dietz DM. A role for the endocannabinoid enzymes monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol lipases in cue-induced cocaine craving following prolonged abstinence. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13007. [PMID: 33496035 PMCID: PMC11000690 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Following exposure to drugs of abuse, long-term neuroadaptations underlie persistent risk to relapse. Endocannabinoid signaling has been associated with drug-induced neuroadaptations, but the role of lipases that mediate endocannabinoid biosynthesis and metabolism in regulating relapse behaviors following prolonged periods of drug abstinence has not been examined. Here, we investigated how pharmacological manipulation of lipases involved in regulating the expression of the endocannabinoid 2-AG in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) influence cocaine relapse via discrete neuroadaptations. At prolonged abstinence (30 days) from cocaine self-administration, there is an increase in the NAc levels of diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-AG, along with decreased levels of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), which hydrolyzes 2-AG. Since endocannabinoid-mediated behavioral plasticity involves phosphatase dysregulation, we examined the phosphatase calcineurin after 30 days of abstinence and found decreased expression in the NAc, which we demonstrate is regulated through the transcription factor EGR1. Intra-NAc pharmacological manipulation of DAGL and MAGL with inhibitors DO-34 and URB-602, respectively, bidirectionally regulated cue-induced cocaine seeking and altered the phosphostatus of translational initiation factor, eIF2α. Finally, we found that cocaine seeking 30 days after abstinence leads to decreased phosphorylation of eIF2α and reduced expression of its downstream target NPAS4, a protein involved in experience-dependent neuronal plasticity. Together, our findings demonstrate that lipases that regulate 2-AG expression influence transcriptional and translational changes in the NAc related to drug relapse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Pedro H. Gobira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Craig T. Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Madoka Iida
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shruthi A. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kyra Erias
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Miracle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Charles Lafargue
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chunna An
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David M. Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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11
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López AJ, Johnson AR, Euston TJ, Wilson R, Nolan SO, Brady LJ, Thibeault KC, Kelly SJ, Kondev V, Melugin P, Kutlu MG, Chuang E, Lam TT, Kiraly DD, Calipari ES. Cocaine self-administration induces sex-dependent protein expression in the nucleus accumbens. Commun Biol 2021; 4:883. [PMID: 34272455 PMCID: PMC8285523 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition characterized by long-lasting alterations in the neural circuitry regulating reward and motivation. Substantial work has focused on characterizing the molecular substrates that underlie these persistent changes in neural function and behavior. However, this work has overwhelmingly focused on male subjects, despite mounting clinical and preclinical evidence that females demonstrate dissimilar progression to SUD and responsivity to stimulant drugs of abuse, such as cocaine. Here, we show that sex is a critical biological variable that defines drug-induced plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we assessed the protein expression patterns induced by cocaine self-administration and demonstrated unique molecular profiles between males and females. We show that 1. Cocaine self-administration induces non-overlapping protein expression patterns in significantly regulated proteins in males and females and 2. Critically, cocaine-induced protein regulation differentially interacts with sex to eliminate basal sexual dimorphisms in the proteome. Finally, eliminating these baseline differences in the proteome is concomitant with the elimination of sex differences in behavior for non-drug rewards. Together, these data suggest that cocaine administration is capable of rewriting basal proteomic function and reward-associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J López
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy R Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tanner J Euston
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rashaun Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- WM Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Suzanne O Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lillian J Brady
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly C Thibeault
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shannon J Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Veronika Kondev
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick Melugin
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily Chuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- WM Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Center for Autism, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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De Sa Nogueira D, Bourdy R, Filliol D, Romieu P, Befort K. Hippocampal mu opioid receptors are modulated following cocaine self-administration in rat. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3341-3349. [PMID: 33811699 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a complex pathology induced by long-term brain changes. Understanding the neurochemical changes underlying the reinforcing effects of this drug of abuse is critical for reducing the societal burden of drug addiction. The mu opioid receptor plays a major role in drug reward. This receptor is modulated by chronic cocaine treatment in specific brain structures, but few studies investigated neurochemical adaptations induced by voluntary cocaine intake. In this study, we investigated whether intravenous cocaine-self administration (0.33 mg/kg/injection, fixed-ratio 1 [FR1], 10 days) in rats induces transcriptional and functional changes of the mu opioid receptor in reward-related brain regions. Epigenetic processes with histone modifications were examined for two activating marks, H3K4Me3, and H3K27Ac. We found an increase of mu opioid receptor gene expression along with a potentiation of its functionality in hippocampus of cocaine self-administering animals compared to saline controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by qPCR revealed no modifications of the histone mark H3K4Me3 and H3K27Ac levels at mu opioid receptor promoter. Our study highlights the hippocampus as an important target to further investigate neuroadaptive processes leading to cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De Sa Nogueira
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA UMR7364), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Bourdy
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA UMR7364), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Filliol
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA UMR7364), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Romieu
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA UMR7364), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katia Befort
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA UMR7364), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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13
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Rao X, Thapa KS, Chen AB, Lin H, Gao H, Reiter JL, Hargreaves KA, Ipe J, Lai D, Xuei X, Wang Y, Gu H, Kapoor M, Farris SP, Tischfield J, Foroud T, Goate AM, Skaar TC, Mayfield RD, Edenberg HJ, Liu Y. Allele-specific expression and high-throughput reporter assay reveal functional genetic variants associated with alcohol use disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1142-1151. [PMID: 31477794 PMCID: PMC7050407 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex traits, such as alcohol use disorders (AUD), usually identify variants in non-coding regions and cannot by themselves distinguish whether the associated variants are functional or in linkage disequilibrium with the functional variants. Transcriptome studies can identify genes whose expression differs between alcoholics and controls. To test which variants associated with AUD may cause expression differences, we integrated data from deep RNA-seq and GWAS of four postmortem brain regions from 30 subjects with AUD and 30 controls to analyze allele-specific expression (ASE). We identified 88 genes with differential ASE in subjects with AUD compared to controls. Next, to test one potential mechanism contributing to the differential ASE, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) of these genes. Of the 88 genes with differential ASE, 61 genes contained 437 SNPs in the 3'UTR with at least one heterozygote among the subjects studied. Using a modified PASSPORT-seq (parallel assessment of polymorphisms in miRNA target-sites by sequencing) assay, we identified 25 SNPs that affected RNA levels in a consistent manner in two neuroblastoma cell lines, SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2). Many of these SNPs are in binding sites of miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, indicating that these SNPs are likely causal variants of AUD-associated differential ASE. In sum, we demonstrate that a combination of computational and experimental approaches provides a powerful strategy to uncover functionally relevant variants associated with the risk for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Rao
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kriti S Thapa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andy B Chen
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jill L Reiter
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Katherine A Hargreaves
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph Ipe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hongmei Gu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean P Farris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Dayne Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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14
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Mukherjee D, Gonzales BJ, Ashwal-Fluss R, Turm H, Groysman M, Citri A. Egr2 induction in spiny projection neurons of the ventrolateral striatum contributes to cocaine place preference in mice. eLife 2021; 10:65228. [PMID: 33724178 PMCID: PMC8057818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction develops due to brain-wide plasticity within neuronal ensembles, mediated by dynamic gene expression. Though the most common approach to identify such ensembles relies on immediate early gene expression, little is known of how the activity of these genes is linked to modified behavior observed following repeated drug exposure. To address this gap, we present a broad-to-specific approach, beginning with a comprehensive investigation of brain-wide cocaine-driven gene expression, through the description of dynamic spatial patterns of gene induction in subregions of the striatum, and finally address functionality of region-specific gene induction in the development of cocaine preference. Our findings reveal differential cell-type specific dynamic transcriptional recruitment patterns within two subdomains of the dorsal striatum following repeated cocaine exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that induction of the IEG Egr2 in the ventrolateral striatum, as well as the cells within which it is expressed, are required for the development of cocaine seeking. The human brain is ever changing, constantly rewiring itself in response to new experiences, knowledge or information from the environment. Addictive drugs such as cocaine can hijack the genetic mechanisms responsible for this plasticity, creating dangerous, obsessive drug-seeking and consuming behaviors. Cocaine-induced plasticity is difficult to apprehend, however, as brain regions or even cell populations can react differently to the compound. For instance, sub-regions in the striatum – the brain area that responds to rewards and helps to plan movement – show distinct responses during progressive exposure to cocaine. And while researchers know that the drug immediately changes how neurons switch certain genes on and off, it is still unclear how these genetic modifications later affect behavior. Mukherjee, Gonzales et al. explored these questions at different scales, first focusing on how progressive cocaine exposure changed the way various gene programs were activated across the entire brain. This revealed that programs in the striatum were the most affected by the drug. Examining this region more closely showed that cocaine switches on genes in specific ‘spiny projection’ neuron populations, depending on where these cells are located and the drug history of the mouse. Finally, Mukherjee, Gonzales et al. used genetically modified mice to piece together cocaine exposure, genetic changes and modifications in behavior. These experiments revealed that the drive to seek cocaine depended on activation of the Egr2 gene in populations of spiny projection neurons in a specific sub-region of the striatum. The gene, which codes for a protein that regulates how genes are switched on and off, was itself strongly activated by cocaine intake. Cocaine addiction can have devastating consequences for individuals. Grasping how this drug alters the brain could pave the way for new treatments, while also providing information on the basic mechanisms underlying brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu Mukherjee
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Jerry Gonzales
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Ashwal-Fluss
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Turm
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Groysman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Citri
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Powers KG, Ma XM, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Cell-type specific knockout of peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase reveals specific behavioral roles in excitatory forebrain neurons and cardiomyocytes. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12699. [PMID: 32902163 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides and peptide hormones play a crucial role in integrating the many factors that affect physiologic and cognitive processes. The potency of many of these peptides requires an amidated amino acid at the C-terminus; a single enzyme, peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), catalyzes this modification. Anxiety-like behavior is known to be altered in mice with a single functional Pam allele (Pam+/- ) and in mice unable to express Pam in excitatory forebrain neurons (PamEmx1-cKO/cKO ) or in cardiomyocytes (PamMyh6-cKO/cKO ). Examination of PAM-positive and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD)-positive cells in the amygdala of PamEmx1-cKO/cKO mice demonstrated the absence of PAM in pyramidal neurons and its continued presence in GAD-positive interneurons, suggestive of altered excitatory/inhibitory balance. Additional behavioral tests were used to search for functional alterations in these cell-type specific knockout mice. PamEmx1-cKO/cKO mice exhibited a less focused search pattern for the Barnes Maze escape hole than control or PamMyh6-cKO/cKO mice. While wildtype mice favor interacting with novel objects as opposed to familiar objects, both PamEmx1-cKO/cKO and PamMyh6-cKO/cKO mice exhibited significantly less interest in the novel object. Since PAM levels in the central nervous system of PamMyh6-cKO/cKO mice are unaltered, the behavioral effect observed in these mice may reflect their inability to produce atrial granules and the resulting reduction in serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide. In the sociability test, male mice of all three genotypes spent more time with same-sex stranger mice; while control females showed no preference for stranger mice, female PamEmx1-cKO/cKO mice showed preference for same-sex stranger mice in all trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Powers
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xin-Ming Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Sholler DJ, Merritt CR, Davis-Reyes BD, Golovko G, Anastasio NC, Cunningham KA. Inherent Motor Impulsivity Associates with Specific Gene Targets in the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Neuroscience 2020; 435:161-173. [PMID: 32240784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
High impulsivity characterizes a myriad of neuropsychiatric diseases, and identifying targets for neuropharmacological intervention to reduce impulsivity could reveal transdiagnostic treatment strategies. Motor impulsivity (impulsive action) reflects in part the failure of "top-down" executive control by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The present study profiled the complete set of mRNA molecules expressed from genes (transcriptome) in the mPFC of male, outbred rats stably expressing high (HI) or low (LI) motor impulsivity based upon premature responses in the 1-choice serial reaction time (1-CSRT) task. RNA-sequencing identified expression of 18 genes that was higher in the mPFC of HI vs. LI rats. Functional gene enrichment revealed that biological processes related to calcium homeostasis and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways, particularly glutamatergic, were overrepresented in the mPFC of HI vs. LI rats. Transcription factor enrichment identified mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) and RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST) as overrepresented in the mPFC of HI rats relative to LI rats, while in silico analysis predicted a conserved SMAD binding site within the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha1 E (CACNA1E) promoter region. qRT-PCR analyses confirmed that mRNA expression of CACNA1E, as well as expression of leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP), were higher in the mPFC of HI vs. LI rats. These outcomes establish a transcriptomic landscape in the mPFC that is related to individual differences in motor impulsivity and propose novel gene targets for future impulsivity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Sholler
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Christina R Merritt
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Brionna D Davis-Reyes
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - George Golovko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Noelle C Anastasio
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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17
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Datta U, Schoenrock SE, Bubier JA, Bogue MA, Jentsch JD, Logan RW, Tarantino LM, Chesler EJ. Prospects for finding the mechanisms of sex differences in addiction with human and model organism genetic analysis. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12645. [PMID: 32012419 PMCID: PMC7060801 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence for sex differences in addiction epidemiology, addiction-relevant behaviors and associated neurobiological phenomena, the mechanisms and implications of these differences remain unknown. Genetic analysis in model organism is a potentially powerful and effective means of discovering the mechanisms that underlie sex differences in addiction. Human genetic studies are beginning to show precise risk variants that influence the mechanisms of addiction but typically lack sufficient power or neurobiological mechanistic access, particularly for the discovery of the mechanisms that underlie sex differences. Our thesis in this review is that genetic variation in model organisms are a promising approach that can complement these investigations to show the biological mechanisms that underlie sex differences in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Datta
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaine
| | - Sarah E. Schoenrock
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, Department of GeneticsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Jason A. Bubier
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaine
| | - Molly A. Bogue
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaine
| | - James D. Jentsch
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, PsychologyState University of New York at BinghamtonBinghamtonNew York
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Lisa M. Tarantino
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, Department of GeneticsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Elissa J. Chesler
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaine
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18
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Forero DA, González-Giraldo Y. Convergent functional genomics of cocaine misuse in humans and animal models. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 46:22-30. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1636384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Forero
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
- Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Teal LB, Gould RW, Felts AS, Jones CK. Selective allosteric modulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorders. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 86:153-196. [PMID: 31378251 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChRs) subtypes represent exciting new targets for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance use disorder (SUD). Recent advances in the development of subtype-selective allosteric modulators have revealed promising effects in preclinical models targeting the different symptoms observed in schizophrenia and SUD. M1 PAMs display potential for addressing the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, while M4 PAMs exhibit promise in treating preclinical models predictive of antipsychotic-like activity. In SUD, there is increasing support for modulation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry involved in SUD with selective M4 mAChR PAMs or M5 mAChR NAMs. Allosteric modulators of these mAChR subtypes have demonstrated efficacy in rodent models of cocaine and ethanol seeking, with indications that these ligand may also be useful for other substances of abuse, as well as in various stages in the cycle of addiction. Importantly, allosteric modulators of the different mAChR subtypes may provide viable treatment options, while conferring greater subtype specificity and corresponding enhanced therapeutic index than orthosteric muscarinic ligands and maintaining endogenous temporo-spatial ACh signaling. Overall, subtype specific mAChR allosteric modulators represent important novel therapeutic mechanisms for schizophrenia and SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Teal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert W Gould
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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Parekh PK, Logan RW, Ketchesin KD, Becker-Krail D, Shelton MA, Hildebrand MA, Barko K, Huang YH, McClung CA. Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of Nucleus Accumbens Synaptic Plasticity and Cocaine Reward Sensitivity by the Circadian Protein, NPAS2. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4657-4667. [PMID: 30962277 PMCID: PMC6561687 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2233-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian transcription factor neuronal PAS domain 2 (NPAS2) is linked to psychiatric disorders associated with altered reward sensitivity. The expression of Npas2 is preferentially enriched in the mammalian forebrain, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a major neural substrate of motivated and reward behavior. Previously, we demonstrated that downregulation of NPAS2 in the NAc reduces the conditioned behavioral response to cocaine in mice. We also showed that Npas2 is preferentially enriched in dopamine receptor 1 containing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs) of the striatum. To extend these studies, we investigated the impact of NPAS2 disruption on accumbal excitatory synaptic transmission and strength, along with the behavioral sensitivity to cocaine reward in a cell-type-specific manner. Viral-mediated knockdown of Npas2 in the NAc of male and female C57BL/6J mice increased the excitatory drive onto MSNs. Using Drd1a-tdTomato mice in combination with viral knockdown, we determined these synaptic adaptations were specific to D1R-MSNs relative to non-D1R-MSNs. Interestingly, NAc-specific knockdown of Npas2 blocked cocaine-induced enhancement of synaptic strength and glutamatergic transmission specifically onto D1R-MSNs. Last, we designed, validated, and used a novel Cre-inducible short-hairpin RNA virus for MSN-subtype-specific knockdown of Npas2 Cell-type-specific Npas2 knockdown in D1R-MSNs, but not D2R-MSNs, in the NAc reduced cocaine conditioned place preference. Together, our results demonstrate that NPAS2 regulates excitatory synapses of D1R-MSNs in the NAc and cocaine reward-related behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Drug addiction is a widespread public health concern often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Disruptions of the circadian clock can predispose or exacerbate substance abuse in vulnerable individuals. We demonstrate a role for the core circadian protein, NPAS2, in mediating glutamatergic neurotransmission at medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region critical for reward processing. We find that NPAS2 negatively regulates functional excitatory synaptic plasticity in the NAc and is necessary for cocaine-induced plastic changes in MSNs expressing the dopamine 1 receptor (D1R). We further demonstrate disruption of NPAS2 in D1R-MSNs produces augmented cocaine preference. These findings highlight the significance of cell-type-specificity in mechanisms underlying reward regulation by NPAS2 and extend our knowledge of its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja K Parekh
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and
- Center for Systems Genetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
| | - Kyle D Ketchesin
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and
| | - Darius Becker-Krail
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and
| | - Micah A Shelton
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and
| | - Mariah A Hildebrand
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and
| | - Kelly Barko
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, and
- Center for Systems Genetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
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21
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LaRese TP, Rheaume BA, Abraham R, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Sex-Specific Gene Expression in the Mouse Nucleus Accumbens Before and After Cocaine Exposure. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:468-487. [PMID: 30746506 PMCID: PMC6364626 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens plays a major role in the response of mammals to cocaine. In animal models and human studies, the addictive effects of cocaine and relapse probability have been shown to be greater in females. Sex-specific differential expression of key transcripts at baseline and after prolonged withdrawal could underlie these differences. To distinguish between these possibilities, gene expression was analyzed in four groups of mice (cycling females, ovariectomized females treated with estradiol or placebo, and males) 28 days after they had received seven daily injections of saline or cocaine. As expected, sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine was most pronounced in the ovariectomized mice receiving estradiol, was greater in cycling females than in males, and failed to occur in ovariectomized/placebo mice. After the 28-day withdrawal period, RNA prepared from the nucleus accumbens of the individual cocaine- or saline-injected mice was subjected to RNA sequencing analysis. Baseline expression of 3% of the nucleus accumbens transcripts differed in the cycling female mice compared with the male mice. Expression of a similar number of transcripts was altered by ovariectomy or was responsive to estradiol treatment. Nucleus accumbens transcripts differentially expressed in cycling female mice withdrawn from cocaine exhibited substantial overlap with those differentially expressed in cocaine-withdrawn male mice. A small set of transcripts were similarly affected by cocaine in the placebo- or estradiol-treated ovariectomized mice. Sex and hormonal status have profound effects on RNA expression in the nucleus accumbens of naive mice. Prolonged withdrawal from cocaine alters the expression of a much smaller number of common and sex hormone-specific transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor P LaRese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Bruce A Rheaume
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ron Abraham
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Richard E Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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22
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Spence JP, Reiter JL, Qiu B, Gu H, Garcia DK, Zhang L, Graves T, Williams KE, Bice PJ, Zou Y, Lai Z, Yong W, Liang T. Estrogen-Dependent Upregulation of Adcyap1r1 Expression in Nucleus Accumbens Is Associated With Genetic Predisposition of Sex-Specific QTL for Alcohol Consumption on Rat Chromosome 4. Front Genet 2018; 9:513. [PMID: 30564267 PMCID: PMC6288178 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans show sex differences related to alcohol use disorders (AUD). Animal model research has the potential to provide important insight into how sex differences affect alcohol consumption, particularly because female animals frequently drink more than males. In previous work, inbred strains of the selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) and non-preferring (NP) rat lines revealed a highly significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on rat chromosome 4, with a logarithm of the odds score of 9.2 for alcohol consumption. Recently, interval-specific congenic strains (ISCS) were developed by backcrossing the congenic P.NP line to inbred P (iP) rats to further refine the chromosome 4 QTL region. Two ISCS sub-strains, ISCS-A and ISCS-B, were obtained with a narrowed QTL, where the smallest region of overlap consisted of 8.9 Mb in ISCS-B. Interestingly, we found that females from both ISCS lines consumed significantly less alcohol than female iP controls (p < 0.05), while no differences in alcohol consumption were observed between male ISCS and iP controls. RNA-sequencing was performed on the nucleus accumbens of alcohol-naïve female ISCS-B and iP rats, which revealed differentially expressed genes (DEG) with greater than 2-fold change and that were functionally relevant to behavior. These DEGs included down-regulation of Oxt, Asb4, Gabre, Gabrq, Chat, Slc5a7, Slc18a8, Slc10a4, and Ngfr, and up-regulation of Ttr, Msln, Mpzl2, Wnt6, Slc17a7, Aldh1a2, and Gstm2. Pathway analysis identified significant alterations in gene networks controlling nervous system development and function, as well as cell signaling, GABA and serotonin receptor signaling and G-protein coupled receptor signaling. In addition, β-estradiol was identified as the most significant upstream regulator. The expression levels of estrogen-responsive genes that mapped to the QTL interval and have been previously associated with alcohol consumption were measured using RT-qPCR. We found that expression of the Adcyap1r1 gene, encoding the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 (PAC1) receptor, was upregulated in female ISCS-B compared to female iP controls, while no differences were exhibited in males. In addition, sequence variants in the Adcyap1r1 promoter region showed a differential response to estrogen stimulation in vitro. These findings demonstrate that rat chromosome 4 QTL contains genetic variants that respond to estrogen and are associated with female alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Spence
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jill L Reiter
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bin Qiu
- Comparative Medical Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Comparative Medical Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dawn K Garcia
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Comparative Medical Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tamara Graves
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kent E Williams
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Paula J Bice
- Department of Psychology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, United States
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Psychology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, United States
| | - Weidong Yong
- Comparative Medical Center, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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23
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Sharp BM, Chen H. Neurogenetic determinants and mechanisms of addiction to nicotine and smoked tobacco. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2164-2179. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burt M. Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics College of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center 19 S. Manassas, CRB #220 Memphis TN 38103 USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA
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24
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Rao VK, Zavala G, Deb Roy A, Mains RE, Eipper BA. A pH-sensitive luminal His-cluster promotes interaction of PAM with V-ATPase along the secretory and endocytic pathways of peptidergic cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8683-8697. [PMID: 30317586 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic and endocytic pathways of secretory cells are characterized by progressive luminal acidification, a process which is crucial for posttranslational modifications and membrane trafficking. This progressive fall in luminal pH is mainly achieved by the vacuolar-type-H+ ATPase (V-ATPase). V-ATPases are large, evolutionarily ancient rotary proton pumps that consist of a peripheral V1 complex, which hydrolyzes ATP, and an integral membrane V0 complex, which transports protons from the cytosol into the lumen. Upon sensing the desired luminal pH, V-ATPase activity is regulated by reversible dissociation of the complex into its V1 and V0 components. Molecular details of how intraluminal pH is sensed and transmitted to the cytosol are not fully understood. Peptidylglycine α-amidating mono-oxygenase (PAM; EC 1.14.17.3), a secretory pathway membrane enzyme which shares similar topology with two V-ATPase accessory proteins (Ac45 and prorenin receptor), has a pH-sensitive luminal linker region. Immunofluorescence and sucrose gradient analysis of peptidergic cells (AtT-20) identified distinct subcellular compartments exhibiting spatial co-occurrence of PAM and V-ATPase. In vitro binding assays demonstrated direct binding of the cytosolic domain of PAM to V1H. Blue native PAGE identified heterogeneous high-molecular weight complexes of PAM and V-ATPase. A PAM-1 mutant (PAM-1/H3A) with altered pH sensitivity had diminished ability to form high-molecular weight complexes. In addition, V-ATPase assembly status was altered in PAM-1/H3A expressing cells. Our analysis of the secretory and endocytic pathways of peptidergic cells supports the hypothesis that PAM serves as a luminal pH-sensor, regulating V-ATPase action by altering its assembly status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanatha K Rao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Gerardo Zavala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Abhijit Deb Roy
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Richard E Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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25
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De Sa Nogueira D, Merienne K, Befort K. Neuroepigenetics and addictive behaviors: Where do we stand? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 106:58-72. [PMID: 30205119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders involve long-term changes in the brain that lead to compulsive drug seeking, craving, and a high probability of relapse. Recent findings have highlighted the role of epigenetic regulations in controlling chromatin access and regulation of gene expression following exposure to drugs of abuse. In the present review, we focus on data investigating genome-wide epigenetic modifications in the brain of addicted patients or in rodent models exposed to drugs of abuse, with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with transcriptional studies. We highlight critical factors for epigenomic studies in addiction. We discuss new findings related to psychostimulants, alcohol, opiate, nicotine and cannabinoids. We examine the possible transmission of these changes across generations. We highlight developing tools, specifically those that allow investigation of structural reorganization of the chromatin. These have the potential to increase our understanding of alteration of chromatin architecture at gene regulatory regions. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms involved in addictive behaviors could explain persistent phenotypic effects of drugs and, in particular, vulnerability to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De Sa Nogueira
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Team 3 « Abuse of Drugs and Neuroadaptations », Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, France
| | - Karine Merienne
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Team 1 « Dynamics of Memory and Epigenetics », Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, France
| | - Katia Befort
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Team 3 « Abuse of Drugs and Neuroadaptations », Faculté de Psychologie, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, France.
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26
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Penrod RD, Anderson EM, Cowan CW. Any Way You Splice It: New Molecular Mechanisms of Cocaine-Induced Alternative Gene Expression. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:162-164. [PMID: 29941147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Penrod
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ethan M Anderson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Christopher W Cowan
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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27
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Mains RE, Blaby-Haas C, Rheaume BA, Eipper BA. Changes in Corticotrope Gene Expression Upon Increased Expression of Peptidylglycine α-Amidating Monooxygenase. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2621-2639. [PMID: 29788427 PMCID: PMC6287594 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, secretion has played an essential role in the ability of organisms and single cells to survive in the face of a changing environment. Peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) is an integral membrane monooxygenase, first identified for its role in the biosynthesis of neuroendocrine peptides released by the regulated secretory pathway. PAM was subsequently identified in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, where it plays an essential role in constitutive secretion and in ciliogenesis. Reduced expression of C. reinhardtii PAM resulted in significant changes in secretion and ciliogenesis. Hence, a screen was performed for transcripts and proteins whose expression responded to changes in PAM levels in a mammalian corticotrope tumor cell line. The goal was to identify genes not previously known to play a role in secretion. The screen identified transcription factors, peptidyl prolyl isomerases, endosomal/lysosomal proteins, and proteins involved in tissue-specific responses to glucose and amino acid availability that had not previously been recognized as relevant to the secretory pathway. Perhaps reflecting the dependence of PAM on molecular oxygen, many PAM-responsive genes are known to be hypoxia responsive. The data highlight the extent to which the performance of the secretory pathway may be integrated into a wide diversity of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Mains
- Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington,
Connecticut
- Correspondence: Richard E. Mains, PhD, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington
Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030. E-mail:
| | | | - Bruce A Rheaume
- Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington,
Connecticut
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington,
Connecticut
- Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Connecticut, Farmington,
Connecticut
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28
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Cabana-Domínguez J, Roncero C, Pineda-Cirera L, Palma-Álvarez RF, Ros-Cucurull E, Grau-López L, Esojo A, Casas M, Arenas C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cormand B. Association of the PLCB1 gene with drug dependence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10110. [PMID: 28860459 PMCID: PMC5579249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to drug addiction still remain largely unknown. MiRNAs seem to play key roles in the drug-induced plasticity of the brain that likely drives the emergence of addiction. In this work we explored the role of miRNAs in drug addiction. With this aim, we selected 62 SNPs located in the 3'UTR of target genes that are predicted to alter the binding of miRNA molecules and performed a case-control association study in a Spanish sample of 735 cases (mainly cocaine-dependent subjects with multiple drug dependencies) and 739 controls. We found an association between rs1047383 in the PLCB1 gene and drug dependence that was replicated in an independent sample (663 cases and 667 controls). Then we selected 9 miRNAs predicted to bind the rs1047383 region, but none of them showed any effect on PLCB1 expression. We also assessed two miRNAs binding a region that contains a SNP in linkage disequilibrium with rs1047383, but although one of them, hsa-miR-582, was found to downregulate PLCB1, no differences were observed between alleles. Finally, we explored the possibility that PLCB1 expression is altered by cocaine and we observed a significant upregulation of the gene in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine abusers and in human dopaminergic-like neurons after cocaine treatment. Our results, together with previous studies, suggest that PLCB1 participates in the susceptibility to drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Pineda-Cirera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Felipe Palma-Álvarez
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Ros-Cucurull
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Abderaman Esojo
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Concepció Arenas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
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Sahn JJ, Mejia GL, Ray PR, Martin SF, Price TJ. Sigma 2 Receptor/Tmem97 Agonists Produce Long Lasting Antineuropathic Pain Effects in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1801-1811. [PMID: 28644012 PMCID: PMC5715471 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is an important medical problem with few effective treatments. The sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) is known to be a potential target for neuropathic pain therapeutics, and antagonists for this receptor are effective in preclinical models and are currently in phase II clinical trials. Conversely, relatively little is known about σ2R, which has recently been identified as transmembrane protein 97 (Tmem97). We generated a series of σ1R and σ2R/Tmem97 agonists and antagonists and tested them for efficacy in the mouse spared nerve injury (SNI) model. In agreement with previous reports, we find that σ1R ligands given intrathecally (IT) produce relief of SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We also find that the putative σ2R/Tmem97 agonists DKR-1005, DKR-1051, and UKH-1114 (Ki ∼ 46 nM) lead to relief of SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, peaking at 48 h after dosing when given IT. This effect is blocked by the putative σ2R/Tmem97 antagonist SAS-0132. Systemic administration of UKH-1114 (10 mg/kg) relieves SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity for 48 h with a peak magnitude of effect equivalent to 100 mg/kg gabapentin and without producing any motor impairment. Finally, we find that the TMEM97 gene is expressed in mouse and human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) including populations of neurons that are involved in pain; however, the gene is also likely expressed in non-neuronal cells that may contribute to the observed behavioral effects. Our results show robust antineuropathic pain effects of σ1R and σ2R/Tmem97 ligands, demonstrate that σ2R/Tmem97 is a novel neuropathic pain target, and identify UKH-1114 as a lead molecule for further development.
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MESH Headings
- Amines/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gabapentin
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Structure
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Neuralgia/drug therapy
- Neuralgia/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, sigma/agonists
- Receptors, sigma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Touch
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
- Sigma-1 Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Sahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Galo L. Mejia
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Pradipta R. Ray
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Theodore J. Price
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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30
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Epigenetic dysregulation of protocadherins in human disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 69:172-182. [PMID: 28694114 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are a group of cell-cell adhesion molecules that are highly expressed in the nervous system and have a major function in dendrite development and neural circuit formation. However, the role protocadherins play in human health and disease remains unclear. Several recent studies have associated epigenetic dysregulation of protocadherins with possible implications for disease pathogenesis. In this review, we briefly recap the various epigenetic mechanisms regulating protocadherin genes, particularly the clustered Pcdhs. We further outline research describing altered epigenetic regulation of protocadherins in neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as in cancer and during aging. We additionally present preliminary data on DNA methylation dynamics of clustered protocadherins during fetal brain development, as well as the epigenetic differences distinguishing adult neuronal and glial cells. A deeper understanding of the role of protocadherins in disease is crucial for designing novel diagnostic tools and therapies targeting brain disorders.
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31
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Vallender EJ, Goswami DB, Shinday NM, Westmoreland SV, Yao WD, Rowlett JK. Transcriptomic profiling of the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens in rhesus macaques following long-term cocaine self-administration. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 175:9-23. [PMID: 28376414 PMCID: PMC5693237 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The behavioral consequences associated with addiction are thought to arise from drug-induced neuroadaptation. The mesolimbic system plays an important initial role in this process, and while the dopaminergic system specifically has been strongly interrogated, a complete understanding of the broad transcriptomic effects associated with cocaine use remains elusive. METHODS Using next generation sequencing approaches, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of gene expression differences in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens of rhesus macaques that had self-administered cocaine for roughly 100days and saline-yoked controls. During self-administration, the monkeys increased daily consumption of cocaine until almost the maximum number of injections were taken within the first 15min of the one hour session for a total intake of 3mg/kg/day. RESULTS We confirm the centrality of dopaminergic differences in the ventral tegmental area, but in the nucleus accumbens we see the strongest evidence for an inflammatory response and large scale chromatin remodeling. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an expanded understanding of the pathology of cocaine addiction with the potential to lead to the development of alternative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Vallender
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772,University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433
| | - Dharmendra B. Goswami
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772,Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Nina M. Shinday
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772,University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | | | - Wei-Dong Yao
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772,SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - James K. Rowlett
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772,University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433,University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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32
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LaRese TP, Yan Y, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Using Kalirin conditional knockout mice to distinguish its role in dopamine receptor mediated behaviors. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:45. [PMID: 28535798 PMCID: PMC5442696 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mice lacking Kalirin-7 (Kal7KO), a Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor, self-administer cocaine at a higher rate than wildtype mice, and show an exaggerated locomotor response to experimenter-administered cocaine. Kal7, which localizes to post-synaptic densities at glutamatergic synapses, interacts directly with the GluN2B subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA; GluN) receptor. Consistent with these observations, Kal7 plays an essential role in NMDA receptor dependent long term potentiation and depression, and glutamatergic transmission plays a key role in the response to chronic cocaine. A number of genetic studies have implicated altered Kalirin expression in schizophrenia and other disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease. Results A comparison of the effects of experimenter-administered cocaine on mice lacking all Kalirin isoforms to its effects on mice lacking only Kalirin-7 identified Kal7 as the key isoform whose deletion produces exaggerated locomotor responses to cocaine. Pretreatment of Kal7KO mice with a low dose of ifenprodil, a selective GluN2B antagonist, eliminated their enhanced locomotor response to cocaine, revealing an important role for GluN2B in this behavior. Selective knockout of Kalirin in dopamine transporter expressing neurons produced a transient enhancement of cocaine-induced locomotion, while knockout of Kalirin in Drd1a- or Drd2-dopamine receptor expressing neurons was without effect. As observed in Kalirin global knockout mice, eliminating Kalirin expression in Drd2-expressing neurons increased exploratory behavior in the elevated zero maze, an effect eliminated by pretreatment with ifenprodil. Conclusions The cocaine-sensitive neuronal pathways which are most sensitive to altered Kalirin function may be the pathways most dependent on GluN2B and Drd2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0363-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor P LaRese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA.,Departments of Neuroscience and Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA
| | - Richard E Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-3401, USA.
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Li M, Xu P, Xu Y, Teng H, Tian W, Du Q, Zhao M. Dynamic Expression Changes in the Transcriptome of the Prefrontal Cortex after Repeated Exposure to Cocaine in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:142. [PMID: 28386228 PMCID: PMC5362609 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent functions, such as executive function, explicit learning, and memory, are negatively affected in cocaine abusers and experimental animal models of cocaine treatment. However, its molecular mechanisms are less understood. In the present study, we performed transcriptome profiling of the dynamic changes in the PFC after repeated cocaine administration in mice. We found 463, 14, and 535 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 2 h, 24 h, and 7 days, respectively, after the withdrawal of chronic cocaine treatment. Time-series correlation analysis identified 5 clusters of statistically significant expression patterns. The expression levels of DEGs in Clusters 1 and 5 exhibited a gradual or fluctuant decrease, Cluster 2 exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease or return to the baseline level, and Clusters 3 and 4 exhibited a fluctuant increase in the expression of DEGs. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, ribosomes, and neurodegenerative disorder were enriched in Cluster 1; genes related to the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, insulin signaling, and circadian pathways were enriched in Cluster 2; genes related to plasticity-related pathways were enriched in Clusters 3 and 4; and genes related to the proteasome were enriched in Cluster 5. Our results suggest that maladaptive neural plasticity associated with psychostimulant dependence may be an ongoing degenerative process with dynamic changes in the gene network at different stages of withdrawal. Furthermore, it could be helpful to develop new therapeutic approaches according to different periods of abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Li
- Key Lab of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical AnalysisBeijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Key Lab of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Huajing Teng
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Weiping Tian
- Key Lab of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Quansheng Du
- Key Lab of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Key Lab of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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Jensen KP, Smith AH, Herman AI, Farrer LA, Kranzler HR, Sofuoglu M, Gelernter J. A protocadherin gene cluster regulatory variant is associated with nicotine withdrawal and the urge to smoke. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:242-249. [PMID: 27067016 PMCID: PMC5390815 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms contribute to relapse in smokers, thereby prolonging the harm caused by smoking. To investigate the molecular basis for this phenomenon, we conducted a genome-wide association study of DSM-IV nicotine withdrawal in a sample of African American (AA) and European American (EA) smokers. A combined AA and EA meta-analysis (n=8021) identified three highly correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the protocadherin (PCDH)-α, -β and -γ gene cluster on chromosome 5 that were associated with nicotine withdrawal (P<5 × 10-8). We then studied one of the SNPs, rs31746, in an independent sample of smokers who participated in an intravenous nicotine infusion study that followed overnight smoking abstinence. After nicotine infusion, abstinent smokers with the withdrawal risk allele experienced greater alleviation of their urges to smoke, as assessed by the Brief Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (BQSU). Prior work has shown that the PCDH-α, -β and -γ genes are expressed in neurons in a highly organized manner. We found that rs31746 mapped to a long-range neuron-specific enhancer element shown previously to regulate PCDH-α, -β and -γ gene expression. Using Braincloud mRNA expression data, we identified a robust and specific association between rs31746 and PCDH-β8 mRNA expression in frontal cortex tissue (P<1 × 10-5). We conclude that PCDH-α, -β and -γ gene cluster regulatory variation influences the severity of nicotine withdrawal. Further studies on the PCDH-α, -β and -γ genes and their role in nicotine withdrawal may inform the development of novel smoking cessation treatments and reduce the harm caused by tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew H. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aryeh I. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and the VISN4 MIRECC, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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35
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Bilodeau J, Schwendt M. Post-cocaine changes in regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins in the dorsal striatum: Relevance for cocaine-seeking and protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation. Synapse 2016; 70:432-40. [PMID: 27261631 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Persistent cocaine-induced neuroadaptations within the cortico-striatal circuitry might be related to elevated risk of relapse observed in human addicts even after months or years of drug-free abstinence. Identification of these neuroadaptations may lead development of novel, neurobiologically-based treatments of relapse. In the current study, 12 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered cocaine (or received yoked-saline) for two weeks followed by three weeks of home-cage abstinence. At this point, we analyzed expression of proteins involved in regulation of Gαi- and Gαq-protein signaling in the dorsal striatum (dSTR). Animals abstinent from chronic cocaine showed decreased expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) and RGS4, as well as upregulation of RGS9. These data, together with the increased ratio of Gαq-to-Gαi proteins indicated, "sensitized" Gαq signaling in the dSTR of abstinent cocaine animals. To evaluate activation of Gαq signaling during relapse, another group of abstinent cocaine animals (and yoked saline controls, 22 rats together) was reintroduced to the cocaine context and PKC-mediated phosphorylation in the dSTR was analyzed. Re-exposure to the cocaine context triggered cocaine seeking and increase in phosphorylation of cellular PKC substrates, including phospho-ERK and phospho-CREB. In conclusion, this study demonstrates persistent dysregulation of RGS proteins in the dSTR of abstinent cocaine animals that may produce an imbalance in local Gαq-to-Gαi signaling. This imbalance might be related to augmented PKC-mediated phosphorylation during relapse to cocaine-seeking. Future studies will address whether selective targeting of RGS proteins in the dSTR can be utilized to suppress PKC-mediated phosphorylation and relapse to cocaine-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Bilodeau
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2250
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2250
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36
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Lo Iacono L, Valzania A, Visco-Comandini F, Viscomi MT, Felsani A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Carola V. Regulation of nucleus accumbens transcript levels in mice by early-life social stress and cocaine. Neuropharmacology 2015; 103:183-94. [PMID: 26706499 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Much interest has been piqued regarding the quality of one's environment at early ages in modulating the susceptibility to drug addiction in adulthood. However, the molecular mechanisms that are engaged during early trauma and mediate the risk for drug addiction are poorly understood. In rodents, exposure to early-life stress alters the rewarding effects of cocaine, amphetamine, and morphine in adulthood. Recently, we demonstrated that the exposure of juvenile mice to social threat (Social Stress, S-S) promoted cocaine-seeking behavior and relapse of cocaine-seeking after periods of withdrawal, compared with unhandled controls (UN) and with juvenile mice that experienced only daily isolation in a novel environment (no social stress, NS-S). Interestingly, while the exposure to NS-S slightly increased cocaine-seeking behavior compared with UN, the same was not sufficient to promote cocaine reinstatement. In this study, we examined the long-term transcriptional changes that are induced by S-S compared to NS-S and linked the increased susceptibility of S-S mice to cocaine reinstatement. To this end, we performed genome-wide RNA sequencing analysis in the nucleus accumbens (NAC), which revealed that 89 transcripts were differentially expressed between S-S and NS-S mice. By Gene Ontology classification, these hits were enriched in genes that mediate cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and neuron/forebrain development. Eleven of these genes have been reported to be involved in substance use disorders, and the remaining genes are novel candidates in this area. We characterized 4 candidates with regard to their significant neurobiological relevance (ZIC1, ZIC2, FABP7, and PRDM12) and measured their expression in the NAC by immunohistochemistry. These findings provide insights into novel molecular mechanisms in NAC that might be associated with the risk of relapse in cocaine-dependent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federica Visco-Comandini
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College of London, Great Britain, UK
| | | | - Armando Felsani
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology and "Daniel Bovet" Center, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy
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Bough KJ, Amur S, Lao G, Hemby SE, Tannu NS, Kampman KM, Schmitz JM, Martinez D, Merchant KM, Green C, Sharma J, Dougherty AH, Moeller FG. Biomarkers for the development of new medications for cocaine dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:202-19. [PMID: 23979119 PMCID: PMC3857653 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There has been significant progress in personalized drug development. In large part, this has taken place in the oncology field and been due to the ability of researchers/clinicians to discover and develop novel drug development tools (DDTs), such as biomarkers. In cancer treatment research, biomarkers have permitted a more accurate pathophysiological characterization of an individual patient, and have enabled practitioners to target mechanistically the right drug, to the right patient, at the right time. Similar to cancer, patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) present clinically with heterogeneous symptomatology and respond variably to therapeutic interventions. If comparable biomarkers could be identified and developed for SUDs, significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances could be made. In this review, we highlight current opportunities and difficulties pertaining to the identification and development of biomarkers for SUDs. We focus on cocaine dependence as an example. Putative diagnostic, pharmacodynamic (PD), and predictive biomarkers for cocaine dependence are discussed across a range of methodological approaches. A possible cocaine-dependent clinical outcome assessment (COA)--another type of defined DDT--is also discussed. At present, biomarkers for cocaine dependence are in their infancy. Much additional research will be needed to identify, validate, and qualify these putative tools prior to their potential use for medications development and/or application to clinical practice. However, with a large unmet medical need and an estimated market size of several hundred million dollars per year, if developed, biomarkers for cocaine dependence will hold tremendous value to both industry and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher J Bough
- Division of Basic Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shashi Amur
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Guifang Lao
- Division of Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott E Hemby
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nilesh S Tannu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas—Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle M Kampman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania—School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas—Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diana Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Charles Green
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas—Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas—Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne H Dougherty
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas—Houston Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Gerard Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical School, Richmond, VA, USA
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Kiraly DD, Nemirovsky NE, LaRese TP, Tomek SE, Yahn SL, Olive MF, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Constitutive knockout of kalirin-7 leads to increased rates of cocaine self-administration. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:582-90. [PMID: 23894151 PMCID: PMC3781382 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kalirin-7 (Kal7) is a Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is localized in neuronal postsynaptic densities. Kal7 interacts with the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor and regulates aspects of dendritic spine dynamics both in vitro and in vivo. Chronic treatment with cocaine increases dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rodents and primates. Kal7 mRNA and protein are upregulated in the NAc following cocaine treatment, and the presence of Kal7 is necessary for the normal proliferation of dendritic spines following cocaine use. Mice that constitutively lack Kal7 [Kalirin-7 knockout mice (Kal7(KO))] demonstrate increased locomotor sensitization to cocaine and a decreased place preference for cocaine. Here, using an intravenous cocaine self-administration paradigm, Kal7(KO) mice exhibit increased administration of cocaine at lower doses as compared with wild-type (Wt) mice. Analyses of mRNA transcript levels from the NAc of mice that self-administered saline or cocaine reveal that larger splice variants of the Kalrn gene are increased by cocaine more dramatically in Kal7(KO) mice than in Wt mice. Additionally, transcripts encoding the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor increased in Wt mice that self-administered cocaine but were unchanged in similarly experienced Kal7(KO) mice. These findings suggest that Kal7 participates in the reinforcing effects of cocaine, and that Kal7 and cocaine interact to alter the expression of genes related to critical glutamatergic signaling pathways in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut (D.D.K., T.P.L., B.A.E., R.E.M.); and Department of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience (N.E.N., S.E.T., S.L.Y., M.F.O.) and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience (M.F.O.), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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