1
|
Gadissa F, Gudeta TB. Phenotypic characterization and seed viability test in ex-situ conserved Ethiopian cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:613. [PMID: 38044430 PMCID: PMC10694994 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, most of the Ethiopian barley landraces had been lost from farmer's field and exclusively found ex-situ conserved at the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI). Those ex-situ conserved are generally believed to be representative of the original population and possess high genetic diversity and important unique genes that are useful for tackling the various biotic and abiotic stresses in the face of the current climate change. Thus, this research was aimed at testing the performance of 150 ex-situ conserved landraces that had been collected from Arsi and Bale highlands, Southeastern Ethiopia. The landraces were tested at multiple test locations over two years (2021 and 2022). RESULTS All the tested landraces showed a good germination rate regardless of their long storage duration. In addition, performance of all the qualitative traits revealed a varying frequency for each character state. For example, most of the accessions (51.3%) had six kernel row numbers (KRN). All the remaining accessions had two rows (28.7%) and irregular KRN with variable lateral florets (20%). Likewise, some of the quantitative traits considered showed a significant variation among the landraces. However, there observed a significant variation for all the interaction effects in some of the traits considered signifying the importance of considering environment effects while targeting genetic selection and improvement of ex-situ conserved germplasms. The phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were considerably high to medium in most of the traits considered including seed yield per hectare (SYPH) but with no associated higher genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV). Moreover, all the traits showed a far greater phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) to that of genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) once again suggesting the pronounced effect of environmental factors to the variation. This was far supported by the significantly higher absolute magnitudes in phenotypic correlation compared to their corresponding genotypic correlation in most of the traits. Low estimates of heritability and genetic advance observed in all the traits considered except seed yield per hectare indicate importance of the trait for selection in Ethiopian barley improvement programs. Clustering patterns of the accessions, in narrow sense, revealed the existence of low divergence among the samples. CONCLUSION Ethiopian barley landraces are promising candidates for further yield improvement and conservation. However, further regular testing and screening should be conducted for the ex-situ conserved landraces because of the current erratic climate change. In addition, more robust molecular marker systems could be used to clearly reveal the extents of genetic diversity and to facilitate the breeding and conservation of Ethiopian barley landraces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fekadu Gadissa
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Biology Department, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia.
| | - Temesgen Bedassa Gudeta
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Biology Department, Madda Walabu University, P.O. Box 247, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Visioni A, Basile B, Amri A, Sanchez-Garcia M, Corrado G. Advancing the Conservation and Utilization of Barley Genetic Resources: Insights into Germplasm Management and Breeding for Sustainable Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3186. [PMID: 37765350 PMCID: PMC10535687 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Barley is a very important crop particularly in marginal dry areas, where it often serves as the most viable option for farmers. Additionally, barley carries great significance in the Western world, serving not only as a fundamental crop for animal feed and malting but also as a nutritious food source. The broad adaptability of barley and its ability to withstand various biotic and abiotic stresses often make this species the sole cereal that can be cultivated in arid regions. The collection and utilization of barley genetic resources are crucial for identifying valuable traits to enhance productivity and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. This review aims to provide an overview of the management and exploitation of barley genetic resources. Furthermore, the review explores the relationship between gene banks and participatory breeding, offering insights into the diversity and utilization of barley genetic resources through some examples such as the initiatives undertaken by ICARDA. Finally, this contribution highlights the importance of these resources for boosting barley productivity, addressing climate change impacts, and meeting the growing food demands in a rapidly changing agriculture. The understanding and utilizing the rich genetic diversity of barley can contribute to sustainable agriculture and ensure the success of this vital crop for future generations globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Visioni
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10100, Morocco; (A.A.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Boris Basile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Ahmed Amri
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10100, Morocco; (A.A.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Miguel Sanchez-Garcia
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10100, Morocco; (A.A.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Teklemariam SS, Bayissa KN, Matros A, Pillen K, Ordon F, Wehner G. The genetic diversity of Ethiopian barley genotypes in relation to their geographical origin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260422. [PMID: 35622864 PMCID: PMC9140232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethiopia is recognized as a center of diversity for barley, and its landraces are known for the distinct genetic features compared to other barley collections. The genetic diversity of Ethiopian barley likely results from the highly diverse topography, altitude, climate conditions, soil types, and farming systems. To get detailed information on the genetic diversity a panel of 260 accessions, comprising 239 landraces and 21 barley breeding lines, obtained from the Ethiopian biodiversity institute (EBI) and the national barley improvement program, respectively were studied for their genetic diversity using the 50k iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 983 highly informative SNP markers were used for structure and diversity analysis. Three genetically distinct clusters were obtained from the structure analysis comprising 80, 71, and 109 accessions, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed the presence of higher genetic variation (89%) within the clusters than between the clusters (11%), with moderate genetic differentiation (PhiPT = 0.11) and five accessions were detected as first-generation migrants using Monte Carlo resampling methods. The Mantel test revealed that the genetic distance between accessions is poorly associated with their geographical distance. Despite the observed weak correlation between geographic distance and genetic differentiation, for some regions like Gonder, Jimma, Gamo-Gofa, Shewa, and Welo, more than 50% of the landraces derived from these regions are assigned to one of the three clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surafel Shibru Teklemariam
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Melkassa, Ethiopia
| | - Kefyalew Negisho Bayissa
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Holetta, Ethiopia
| | - Andrea Matros
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre on Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Ordon
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre on Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Gwendolin Wehner
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre on Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pomortsev AA, Rubanovich AV, Kovaleva ON, Lyalina EV. Allelic Diversity of Hrd A and Hrd B Hordein-Coding Loci in Wild (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) and Cultivated (Hordeum vulgare L.) Barley from Israel and Palestine. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Pomortsev AA, Boldyrev SV, Lyalina EV. Allelic Diversity of Hordein-Coding Loci Hrd A and Hrd B in Cultivated (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Wild (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) Barley from Jordan (as a Part of the Fertile Crescent). RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Pomortsev AA, Boldyrev SV, Lyalina EV. Allele Diversity of Hordein-Coding Loci Hrd A and Hrd B in Cultivated (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Wild (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) Barley from Syria (as a Part of the Fertile Crescent). RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
Pankin A, Altmüller J, Becker C, von Korff M. Targeted resequencing reveals genomic signatures of barley domestication. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1247-1259. [PMID: 29528492 PMCID: PMC5947139 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an established model to study domestication of the Fertile Crescent cereals. Recent molecular data suggested that domesticated barley genomes consist of the ancestral blocks descending from multiple wild barley populations. However, the relationship between the mosaic ancestry patterns and the process of domestication itself remained unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we identified candidate domestication genes using selection scans based on targeted resequencing of 433 wild and domesticated barley accessions. We conducted phylogenetic, population structure, and ancestry analyses to investigate the origin of the domesticated barley haplotypes separately at the neutral and candidate domestication loci. We discovered multiple selective sweeps that occurred on all barley chromosomes during domestication in the background of several ancestral wild populations. The ancestry analyses demonstrated that, although the ancestral blocks of the domesticated barley genomes were descended from all over the Fertile Crescent, the candidate domestication loci originated specifically in its eastern and western parts. These findings provided the first molecular evidence implicating multiple wild or protodomesticated lineages in the process of barley domestication initiated in the Levantine and Zagros clusters of the origin of agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Pankin
- Institute of Plant GeneticsHeinrich‐Heine‐University40225DüsseldorfGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research50829CologneGermany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG)University of Cologne50931CologneGermany
| | - Christian Becker
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG)University of Cologne50931CologneGermany
| | - Maria von Korff
- Institute of Plant GeneticsHeinrich‐Heine‐University40225DüsseldorfGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research50829CologneGermany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences ‘From Complex Traits towards Synthetic Modules’Heinrich‐Heine‐University40225DüsseldorfGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morphological Variation and Inter-Relationships of Quantitative Traits in Enset (Ensete ventricosum (welw.) Cheesman) Germplasm from South and South-Western Ethiopia. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6040056. [PMID: 29210979 PMCID: PMC5750632 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is Ethiopia's most important root crop. A total of 387 accessions collected from nine different regions of Ethiopia were evaluated for 15 quantitative traits at Areka Agricultural Research Centre to determine the extent and pattern of distribution of morphological variation. The variations among the accessions and regions were significant (p ≤ 0.01) for all the 15 traits studied. Mean for plant height, central shoot weight before grating, and fermented squeezed kocho yield per hectare per year showed regional variation along an altitude gradient and across cultural differences related to the origin of the collection. Furthermore, there were significant correlations among most of the characters. This included the correlation among agronomic characteristics of primary interest in enset breeding such as plant height, pseudostem height, and fermented squeezed kocho yield per hectare per year. Altitude of the collection sites also significantly impacted the various characteristics studied. These results reveal the existence of significant phenotypic variations among the 387 accessions as a whole. Regional differentiations were also evident among the accessions. The implication of the current results for plant breeding, germplasm collection, and in situ and ex situ genetic resource conservation are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pomortsev AA, Boldyrev SV, Lyalina EV. Allele diversity of hordein-coding loci Hrd A and Hrd B in cultivated (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wild (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) barley in Turkey (as part of the Fertile Crescent). RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Abebe TD, Naz AA, Léon J. Landscape genomics reveal signatures of local adaptation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:813. [PMID: 26483825 PMCID: PMC4591487 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Land plants are sessile organisms that cannot escape the adverse climatic conditions of a given environment. Hence, adaptation is one of the solutions to surviving in a challenging environment. This study was aimed at detecting adaptive loci in barley landraces that are affected by selection. To that end, a diverse population of barley landraces was analyzed using the genotyping by sequencing approach. Climatic data for altitude, rainfall and temperature were collected from 61 weather sites near the origin of selected landraces across Ethiopia. Population structure analysis revealed three groups whereas spatial analysis accounted significant similarities at shorter geographic distances (< 40 Km) among barley landraces. Partitioning the variance between climate variables and geographic distances indicated that climate variables accounted for most of the explainable genetic variation. Markers by climatic variables association analysis resulted in altogether 18 and 62 putative adaptive loci using Bayenv and latent factor mixed model (LFMM), respectively. Subsequent analysis of the associated SNPs revealed putative candidate genes for plant adaptation. This study highlights the presence of putative adaptive loci among barley landraces representing original gene pool of the farming communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali A. Naz
- Department of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Rhenish Friedrich-Wilhelm University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Samberg LH, Fishman L, Allendorf FW. Population genetic structure in a social landscape: barley in a traditional Ethiopian agricultural system. Evol Appl 2013; 6:1133-45. [PMID: 24478796 PMCID: PMC3901544 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation strategies are increasingly driven by our understanding of the processes and patterns of gene flow across complex landscapes. The expansion of population genetic approaches into traditional agricultural systems requires understanding how social factors contribute to that landscape, and thus to gene flow. This study incorporates extensive farmer interviews and population genetic analysis of barley landraces (Hordeum vulgare) to build a holistic picture of farmer-mediated geneflow in an ancient, traditional agricultural system in the highlands of Ethiopia. We analyze barley samples at 14 microsatellite loci across sites at varying elevations and locations across a contiguous mountain range, and across farmer-identified barley types and management strategies. Genetic structure is analyzed using population-based and individual-based methods, including measures of population differentiation and genetic distance, multivariate Principal Coordinate Analysis, and Bayesian assignment tests. Phenotypic analysis links genetic patterns to traits identified by farmers. We find that differential farmer management strategies lead to markedly different patterns of population structure across elevation classes and barley types. The extent to which farmer seed management appears as a stronger determinant of spatial structure than the physical landscape highlights the need for incorporation of social, landscape, and genetic data for the design of conservation strategies in human-influenced landscapes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abebe TD, Bauer AM, Léon J. Morphological diversity of Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in relation to geographic regions and altitudes. Hereditas 2011; 147:154-64. [PMID: 20887601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2010.02173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 199 germplasm accessions collected from 10 administrative regions of Ethiopia and four released cultivars, which were used for estimating of error variance, of barley in Ethiopia were field evaluated for nine agronomic traits at Holetta and Bekoji Agricultural Research Centers of Ethiopia during the 2006 main cropping season using non-replicated augmented design plots consisting of four incomplete blocks. The objectives were to assess the extent and pattern of morphological variation in the barley accessions with respect to regions and altitude of collection, to classify the genotypes tested into relatively homogenous groups and to identify the major traits contributing to the overall observed diversity in the germplasm. Genotype variance estimate of regions and altitudes indicated wide variation among accessions depending on the traits involved. The presence of high morphological variation within regions and altitudes particularly above 2000 m a.s.l. indicated the potential of each region and high altitude zones for barley improvement and conservation in the country. The clustering of accessions did not show grouping on the basis of regions of origin. Traits like thousand kernel weight, plant height, days to head and days to maturity accounted for most of the gross variance among the barley accessions and played role in differentiating accessions collected from different regions and altitude classes into principal components. In general because of environmental factors on the observed morphological variation future germplasm collection should consider to explore wide geographical and climatic differences within the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiegist Dejene Abebe
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pomortsev AA, Martynov SP, Lyalina EV. Polymorphism of hordei-coding loci in Near Eastern local populations of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). RUSS J GENET+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795408060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Orabi J, Backes G, Wolday A, Yahyaoui A, Jahoor A. The Horn of Africa as a centre of barley diversification and a potential domestication site. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2007; 114:1117-27. [PMID: 17279366 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
According to a widely accepted theory on barley domestication, wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) from the Fertile Crescent is the progenitor of all cultivated barley (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare). To determine whether barley has undergone one or more domestication events, barley accessions from three continents have been studied (a) using 38 nuclear SSR (nuSSRs) markers, (b) using five chloroplast SSR (cpSSR) markers yielding 5 polymorphic loci and (c) by detecting the differences in a 468 bp fragment from the non-coding region of chloroplast DNA. A clear separation was found between Eritrean/Ethiopian barley and barley from West Asia and North Africa (WANA) as well as from Europe. The data from chloroplast DNA clearly indicate that the wild barley (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum) as it is found today in the "Fertile Crescent" might not be the progenitor of the barley cultivated in Eritrea (and Ethiopia). Consequently, an independent domestication might have taken place at the Horn of Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Orabi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Life Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Demissie A, Bjørnstad Å. Phenotypic Diversity of Ethiopian Barleys in Relation to Geographical Regions, Altitudinal Range, and Agro-Ecological Zones: As an Aid to Germplasm Collection and Conservation Strategy. Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1996.00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
16
|
Ayana A, Bekele E. Geographical Patterns of Morphological Variation in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Germplasm from Ethiopia and Eritrea: Qualitative Characters. Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1998.t01-1-00195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
17
|
ABDI ADUGNA, BEKELE ENDASHAW, ASFAW ZEMEDE, TESHOME AWGECHEW. Patterns of morphological variation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) landraces in qualitative characters in North Shewa and South Welo, Ethiopia. Hereditas 2002. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-5223.2002.01604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
18
|
Assefa K, Tefera H, Merker A. Variation and inter-relationships of quantitative traits in tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) germplasm from western and southern Ethiopia. Hereditas 2002; 136:116-25. [PMID: 12369096 DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-5223.2002.1360205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three thousand tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) lines representing 60 germplasm populations from western and southern Ethiopia were sown on pellic Vertisols at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center during the 1999/2000 main season. The objectives were to assess the variation with respect to regions and altitude zones of origin and to study the inter-relationships of 17 pheno-morphic and agronomic traits. The populations showed significant (p < or = 0.05) regional variation in 10 (59%) of the quantitative traits, but clinal variation among altitude zones was significant (p < or = 0.05) only for six (35%) of the traits. On the other hand, the populations revealed consistent variation (p < or = 0.05) within both regions and altitude zones in all the traits evaluated. Likewise, the variation among lines within populations of both regions and altitude zones was significant (p < or = 0.05) in most of the traits. The number of characters showing substantial correlation depicted regional and clinal variation mainly depending on the number of populations. Based on the mean of the populations, grain yield panicle and shoot phytomass plant showed negative correlation with harvest index, and positive correlation with most of the remaining traits. Individual plant grain yield was positively correlated with all the other traits except harvest index, days to maturity, grain filling period and number of primary panicle branches. Overall, the tef germplasm populations showed substantial phenotypic variation which can be utilized in the genetic improvement of the crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kebebew Assefa
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Science, P.O. Box 44, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Assefa K, Tefera H, Merker A, Kefyalew T, Hundera F. Variability, heritability and genetic advance in pheno-morphic and agronomic traits of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] germplasm from eight regions of Ethiopia. Hereditas 2002; 134:103-13. [PMID: 11732845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2001.00103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and twenty tef Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter, germplasm lines from eight regions of Ethiopia were field evaluated in two randomized complete blocks at Debre Zeit and Melkassa during the 1995/96, and at Debre Zeit and Alem Tena during the 1996/97 main seasons. The objectives were to assess the extent and pattern of their diversity with respect to 17 pheno-morphic and agronomic traits, and to obtain an insight into the broad sense heritability (H) and genetic advance (GA) expectations of the various traits. Discernible (p < or = 0.05) variability among regions and among genotypes within regions were observed in seven and nine of the traits, respectively. In the combined analysis of variance over environments, genotypes showed substantial (p < or = 0.05) variation in all traits, and genotypes and environments interacted significantly on nine of the traits. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation varied in that order from about 3% for days to maturity to 28% for grain yield/plant, and from less than 2% for days to maturity to 15% for number of fertile tillers/plant. Estimates of H were lowest for shoot phytomass/plant (17%) and highest for panicle length (75%). The minimum GA expectations were for days to maturity (2%) and the maximum was for number of fertile tillers/plant (23%). About 67% of the gross phenotypic diversity in the germplasm was explained on the basis of four principal components (PCs). Up to 28% of the variance extracted by the first PC was due mainly to variations in the second and first basal culm internode diameters, culm and panicle length, days to panicle emergence, and number of panicle branches and fertile tillers/plant. Largely variations in the length of the two basal culm internodes and grain yield/plant contributed to 19% of the whole variance accounted for by the second PC. Generally, the study showed that there is ample genetic variation in the genotypes evaluated and this presents a valuable base for use in the improvement work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Assefa
- Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cross RJ. Geographical trends within a diverse spring barley collection as identified by agro/morphological and electrophoretic data. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 88:597-603. [PMID: 24186116 DOI: 10.1007/bf01240924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/1993] [Accepted: 10/26/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
For ex-situ germplasm conservation purposes, the concept of genetic diversity being concentrated in certain geographic regions is useful for the conscious selection of diverse forms. Numerous studies of barley and other major corp species often confirm the concentration of simply-inherited, phenotypicallyobvious markers within the Vavilovian centres of diversity/origin. However, more recent studies of electrophoretic patterns and or more complexly-inherited traits do not always confirm the same geographic patterns. Unfortunately, few studies of world germplasm collections have screened a range of agro/morphological/electrophoretic patterns using the same germplasm collection as a consistent base for evaluation purposes, making precise genetic estimates of diverse geographic areas difficult. A diverse collection of 1 118 spring-sown barley cultivars was, therefore, evaluated for both agro/morphological and biochemical genetic markers in an effort to identify appropriate criteria for the construction of a comprehensive ex-situ germplasm collection. On the basis of both agro/morphological and biochemical data, countries whose cultivated barley germplasm was identified as diverse and genetically distinct were Algeria, Afghanistan, Argentina, Ethiopia, India, Peru and Turkey. However, within broad limits, separate cluster analyses of the agro-morphological and electrophoretic patterns identified dissimilar groups of countries, which demonstrated that a collection strategy based solely on country of origin is inappropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Cross
- Crop Germplasm Centre, New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cross RJ, Fautrier AG, McNeil DL. IBPGR morphological descriptors - their relevance in determining patterns within a diverse spring barley germplasm collection. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 85:489-495. [PMID: 24197464 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/1992] [Accepted: 06/19/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) promotes a minimum set of morphological characters thought satisfactory for the custodial management of crop germplasm collections. The purpose of such conserved germplasm is as a genetic resource for future plant breeding programmes. Because future plant breeding requirements are not always known, the curator's strategy in maintaining an adequate germplasm resource is to conserve as wide a range of genetic diversity as possible. How is diversity measured to ensure a wide range of conserved germplasm? The IBPGR minimum descriptors detail genetic diversity at particular points in a genome corresponding to the observed characters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether diversity as identified by the IBPGR minimum set of descriptors could yield satisfactory measures of diversity in a contrasting set of genomic markers. A diverse spring-sown barley collection of 1379 cultivars was evaluated for the 12 IBPGR minimum taxonomic characters. An additional nine phenotypic characters and six biochemical markers were evaluated to enable diversity comparisons. Cluster analysis of the various sets of data revealed groups of accessions for each of the three data sets. A poor level of agreement (congruence) between data sets was observed in all comparisons indicating that, for cultivated barley at least, diverse collections according to the IBPGR minimum descriptors is not necessarily related to equivalent levels of diversity in other genetic characters. Implications of the relevance of the IBPGR descriptor list and appropriate collection strategies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Cross
- Curator and Project Leader, N.Z. Crop Germplasm Centre, DSIR Crop Research, Private Bag, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Discovery, characterization and exploitation of Mlo powdery mildew resistance in barley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-0954-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
|
23
|
Asfaw Z. Variation in the Morphology of the Spike within Ethiopian Barley,Hordeum vulgareL. (Poaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1080/00015128809437989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|