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Seminotti B, Grings M, Tucci P, Leipnitz G, Saso L. Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Factor 2 Signaling in the Neuropathophysiology of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:785057. [PMID: 34955754 PMCID: PMC8693715 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.785057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are rare genetic conditions that affect multiple organs, predominantly the central nervous system. Since treatment for a large number of IMDs is limited, there is an urgent need to find novel therapeutical targets. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that has a key role in controlling the intracellular redox environment by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and several important genes related to redox homeostasis. Considering that oxidative stress along with antioxidant system alterations is a mechanism involved in the neuropathophysiology of many IMDs, this review focuses on the current knowledge about Nrf2 signaling dysregulation observed in this group of disorders characterized by neurological dysfunction. We review here Nrf2 signaling alterations observed in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, glutaric acidemia type I, hyperhomocysteinemia, and Friedreich’s ataxia. Additionally, beneficial effects of different Nrf2 activators are shown, identifying a promising target for treatment of patients with these disorders. We expect that this article stimulates research into the investigation of Nrf2 pathway involvement in IMDs and the use of potential pharmacological modulators of this transcription factor to counteract oxidative stress and exert neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Seminotti
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grings
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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2
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Cattoni A, Chiaraluce S, Gasperini S, Molinari S, Biondi A, Rovelli A, Parini R. "Growth patterns in children with mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Comparison with untreated patients". Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 28:100787. [PMID: 34408967 PMCID: PMC8361197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on growth in patients diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis I Hurler (MPS-IH) has been historically regarded as unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, the growth patterns recorded in transplanted patients have always been compared to those of healthy children. The objective of this study was to verify the impact of HSCT on MPS-IH long term growth achievements. The auxological data of 15 patients were assessed longitudinally and compared both to the WHO growth centiles for healthy individuals and to recently published curves of untreated MPS-IH children. Despite a progressive decrease after HSCT when estimated with reference to the WHO growth charts, median height SDS showed a progressive and statistically significant increase when comparing the stature recorded at each timepoint in our population to the curves of untreated MPS-IH individuals (from ‐0.39 SDS at t0 to +1.35 SDS 5 years after HSCT, p value < 0.001 and to +3.67 SDS at the age of 9 years, p value < 0.0001). In conclusion, though not efficient enough to restore a normal growth pattern in MPS-IH patients, we hereby demonstrate that HSCT positively affects growth and provides transplanted patients with a remarkable height gain compared to untreated gender- and age- matched individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cattoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, (MB), Italy
- Corresponding author at: Department of Paediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, (MB), Italy.
| | - Sofia Chiaraluce
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Silvia Molinari
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Attilio Rovelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Rossella Parini
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, (MB), Italy
- TIGET Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Segrate, (MI), Italy
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3
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Abed Rabbo M, Khodour Y, Kaguni LS, Stiban J. Sphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases: from bench to bedside. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 33941173 PMCID: PMC8094529 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudicum described sphingolipids (SLs) in the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the past fifty years that SL research surged in importance and applicability. Currently, sphingolipids and their metabolism are hotly debated topics in various biochemical fields. Similar to other macromolecular reactions, SL metabolism has important implications in health and disease in most cells. A plethora of SL-related genetic ailments has been described. Defects in SL catabolism can cause the accumulation of SLs, leading to many types of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) collectively called sphingolipidoses. These diseases mainly impact the neuronal and immune systems, but other systems can be affected as well. This review aims to present a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the rapidly growing field of sphingolipid LSDs, their etiology, pathology, and potential therapeutic strategies. We first describe LSDs biochemically and briefly discuss their catabolism, followed by general aspects of the major diseases such as Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, and Farber among others. We conclude with an overview of the available and potential future therapies for many of the diseases. We strive to present the most important and recent findings from basic research and clinical applications, and to provide a valuable source for understanding these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Rabbo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine.
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4
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Aluri KC, Salisbury JP, Prehn JHM, Agar JN. Loss of angiogenin function is related to earlier ALS onset and a paradoxical increase in ALS duration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3715. [PMID: 32111867 PMCID: PMC7048737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
0.5-1% of ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with mutations in the angiogenin (ANG). These mutations are thought to cause disease through a loss of ANG function, but this hypothesis has not been evaluated statistically. In addition, the potential for ANG to promote disease has not been considered. With the goal of better defining the etiology of ANG-ALS, we assembled all clinical onset and disease duration data and determined if these were correlated with biochemical properties of ANG variants. Loss of ANG stability and ribonuclease activity were found to correlate with early ALS onset, confirming an aspect of the prevailing model of ANG-ALS. Conversely, loss of ANG stability and ribonuclease activity correlated with longer survival following diagnosis, which is inconsistent with the prevailing model. These results indicate that functional ANG appears to decrease the risk of developing ALS but exacerbate ALS once in progress. These findings are rationalized in terms of studies demonstrating that distinct mechanisms contribute to ALS onset and progression and propose that ANG replacement or stabilization would benefit pre-symptomatic ANG-ALS patients. However, this study challenges the prevailing hypothesis that augmenting ANG will benefit symptomatic ANG-ALS patients. Instead, our results suggest that silencing of ANG activity may be beneficial for symptomatic ALS patients. This study will serve as a call-to-arms for neurologists to consistently publish ALS and PD patient's clinical data-if all ANG-ALS patients' data were available our findings could be tested with considerable statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C Aluri
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States
| | - Joseph P Salisbury
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, SFI Future-Neuro Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States.
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5
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Camargo Neto E, Schulte J, Pereira J, Bravo H, Sampaio-Filho C, Giugliani R. Neonatal screening for four lysosomal storage diseases with a digital microfluidics platform: Initial results in Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:414-416. [PMID: 29870571 PMCID: PMC6082237 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the initial results of a neonatal screening program for four
lysosomal storage diseases (MPS I, Pompe, Gaucher and Fabry) using the digital
microfluidics methodology. The method successfully identified patients
previously diagnosed with these diseases and was used to test dried blood spot
samples obtained from 10,527 newborns aged 2 to 14 days. The digital
microfluidic technology shows potential for a simple, rapid and high-throughput
screening for these four diseases in a standard neonatal screening
laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heydy Bravo
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Giugliani
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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6
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Ficicioglu C, Giugliani R, Harmatz P, Mendelsohn NJ, Jego V, Parini R. Intrafamilial variability in the clinical manifestations of mucopolysaccharidosis type II: Data from the Hunter Outcome Survey (HOS). Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:301-310. [PMID: 29210515 PMCID: PMC5814921 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several cases of phenotypic variability among family members with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) have been reported, but the data are limited. Data from patients enrolled in the Hunter Outcome Survey (HOS) were used to investigate intrafamilial variability in male siblings with MPS II. As of July 2015, data were available for 78 patients aged ≥5 years at last visit who had at least one affected sibling (39 sibling pairs). These patients were followed prospectively (i.e., they were alive at enrollment in HOS). The median age at the onset of signs and symptoms was the same for the elder and younger brothers (2.0 years); however, the younger brothers were typically diagnosed at a younger age than the elder brothers (median age, 2.5 and 5.1 years, respectively). Of the 39 pairs, eight pairs were classified as being discordant (the status of four or more signs and symptoms differed between the siblings); 21 pairs had one, two, or three signs and symptoms that differed between the siblings, and 10 pairs had none. Regression status of the majority of the developmental milestones studied was generally concordant among siblings. Functional classification, a measure of central nervous system involvement, was the same in 24/28 pairs, although four pairs were considered discordant as functional classification differed between the siblings. Overall, this analysis revealed similarity in the clinical manifestations of MPS II among siblings. This information should help to improve our understanding of the clinical presentation of the disease, including phenotype prediction in affected family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ficicioglu
- Division of Human Genetics and Metabolism, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Department of Genetics/UFRGS and INAGEMP, Medical Genetics Service/HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paul Harmatz
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California
| | - Nancy J Mendelsohn
- Genomic Medicine Program, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Rossella Parini
- Rare Metabolic Disease Unit, Pediatric Department, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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7
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Moskot M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Smolińska E, Banecki B, Węgrzyn G, Gabig-Cimińska M. Activities of genes controlling sphingolipid metabolism in human fibroblasts treated with flavonoids. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30. [PMID: 26209177 PMCID: PMC4560762 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural flavonoids such as genistein, kaempferol and daidzein were previously found to be able to reduce efficiency of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cells of patients suffering from mucopolysaccharidoses, inherited metabolic diseases with often brain disease symptoms. This feature was employed to test these compounds as potential drugs for treatment other neuronopathic lysosomal storage disorders, in which errors in sphingolipid metabolism occur. In this report, on the basis of DNA microarray analyses and quantitative real time PCR experiments, we present evidence that these compounds modify expression of genes coding for enzymes required for metabolism of sphingolipids in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa). Expression of several genes involved in sphingolipid synthesis was impaired by tested flavonoids. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that they may be considered as potential drugs in treatment of LSD, in which accumulation of sphingolipids, especially glycosphingolipids, occurs. Nevertheless, further studies on more advances models are required to test this hypothesis and to assess a therapeutic potential for flavonoids in this group of metabolic brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moskot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (affiliated with the University of Gdańsk), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Elwira Smolińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bogdan Banecki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (affiliated with the University of Gdańsk), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Henley WE, Anderson LJ, Wyatt KM, Nikolaou V, Anderson R, Logan S. The NCS-LSD cohort study: a description of the methods and analyses used to assess the long-term effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy and substrate reduction therapy in patients with lysosomal storage disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:939-44. [PMID: 24519353 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) comprise more than 50 extremely rare, inherited metabolic diseases resulting from a deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes required for normal macromolecular metabolism. The National Collaborative Study for Lysosomal Storage Disorders (NCS-LSD), was a longitudinal cohort study which collected prospective and retrospective clinical data, and patient-reported data from adults and children with a confirmed diagnosis of Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), Pompe disease and Niemann Pick disease type C (NPC) in the UK. The study aimed to determine the natural history of these conditions and estimate the effectiveness and cost of therapies. Clinical outcomes were chosen to reflect disease progression. Age- and gender-adjusted treatment effects were estimated using generalised linear mixed models. Treated patients contributed data before and during treatment while untreated patients contributed natural history data. A total of 711 adults and children were recruited to this study from the seven LSD treatment centres in England. Data was collected from 2008 to 2011. This paper describes the methods used to collect and analyse clinical data for this study. The clinical findings are reported separately in a series of condition-specific articles in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Henley
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, College House, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon, UK, EX1 2LU,
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9
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Lee WC, Almeida S, Prudencio M, Caulfield TR, Zhang YJ, Tay WM, Bauer PO, Chew J, Sasaguri H, Jansen-West KR, Gendron TF, Stetler CT, Finch N, Mackenzie IR, Rademakers R, Gao FB, Petrucelli L. Targeted manipulation of the sortilin-progranulin axis rescues progranulin haploinsufficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1467-78. [PMID: 24163244 PMCID: PMC3929086 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (GRN) mutations causing haploinsufficiency are a major cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). Recent discoveries demonstrating sortilin (SORT1) is a neuronal receptor for PGRN endocytosis and a determinant of plasma PGRN levels portend the development of enhancers targeting the SORT1–PGRN axis. We demonstrate the preclinical efficacy of several approaches through which impairing PGRN's interaction with SORT1 restores extracellular PGRN levels. Our report is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of enhancing PGRN levels in iPSC neurons derived from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients with PGRN deficiency. We validate a small molecule preferentially increases extracellular PGRN by reducing SORT1 levels in various mammalian cell lines and patient-derived iPSC neurons and lymphocytes. We further demonstrate that SORT1 antagonists and a small-molecule binder of PGRN588–593, residues critical for PGRN–SORT1 binding, inhibit SORT1-mediated PGRN endocytosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the SORT1–PGRN axis is a viable target for PGRN-based therapy, particularly in FTD-GRN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing C Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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10
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Zampieri S, Cattarossi S, Oller Ramirez AM, Rosano C, Lourenco CM, Passon N, Moroni I, Uziel G, Pettinari A, Stanzial F, de Kremer RD, Azar NB, Hazan F, Filocamo M, Bembi B, Dardis A. Sequence and copy number analyses of HEXB gene in patients affected by Sandhoff disease: functional characterization of 9 novel sequence variants. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41516. [PMID: 22848519 PMCID: PMC3407239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in the HEXB gene. To date, 43 mutations of HEXB have been described, including 3 large deletions. Here, we have characterized 14 unrelated SD patients and developed a Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assay to investigate the presence of large HEXB deletions. Overall, we identified 16 alleles, 9 of which were novel, including 4 sequence variation leading to aminoacid changes [c.626C>T (p.T209I), c.634C>A (p.H212N), c.926G>T (p.C309F), c.1451G>A (p.G484E)] 3 intronic mutations (c.1082+5G>A, c.1242+1G>A, c.1169+5G>A), 1 nonsense mutation c.146C>A (p.S49X) and 1 small in-frame deletion c.1260_1265delAGTTGA (p.V421_E422del). Using the new MLPA assay, 2 previously described deletions were identified. In vitro expression studies showed that proteins bearing aminoacid changes p.T209I and p.G484E presented a very low or absent activity, while proteins bearing the p.H212N and p.C309F changes retained a significant residual activity. The detrimental effect of the 3 novel intronic mutations on the HEXB mRNA processing was demonstrated using a minigene assay. Unprecedentedly, minigene studies revealed the presence of a novel alternative spliced HEXB mRNA variant also present in normal cells. In conclusion, we provided new insights into the molecular basis of SD and validated an MLPA assay for detecting large HEXB deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zampieri
- Regional Coordinator Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Cattarossi
- Regional Coordinator Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Ana Maria Oller Ramirez
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatias Congénitas, CEMECO, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentine
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Patologia Molecolare Integrata – A.O.U. IRCSS San Martino – IST, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Charles Marques Lourenco
- Medical Genetics Service, Clinics Hospital of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia Passon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Department of Child Neurology, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Uziel
- Department of Child Neurology, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Pettinari
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Clinica Pediatrica, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Franco Stanzial
- Servizio di Consulenza Genetica, Centro Provinciale di Coordinamento della Rete delle Malattie Rare, Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto-Adige, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raquel Dodelson de Kremer
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatias Congénitas, CEMECO, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentine
| | - Nydia Beatriz Azar
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatias Congénitas, CEMECO, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentine
| | - Filiz Hazan
- Medical Faculty, Genetic Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- U.O.S.D. Laboratorio Diagnosi Pre-Postnatale Malattie Metaboliche, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
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Abstract
Lysosomal lipid storage diseases, or lipidoses, are inherited metabolic disorders in which typically lipids accumulate in cells and tissues. Complex lipids, such as glycosphingolipids, are constitutively degraded within the endolysosomal system by soluble hydrolytic enzymes with the help of lipid binding proteins in a sequential manner. Because of a functionally impaired hydrolase or auxiliary protein, their lipid substrates cannot be degraded, accumulate in the lysosome, and slowly spread to other intracellular membranes. In Niemann-Pick type C disease, cholesterol transport is impaired and unesterified cholesterol accumulates in the late endosome. In most lysosomal lipid storage diseases, the accumulation of one or few lipids leads to the coprecipitation of other hydrophobic substances in the endolysosomal system, such as lipids and proteins, causing a "traffic jam." This can impair lysosomal function, such as delivery of nutrients through the endolysosomal system, leading to a state of cellular starvation. Therapeutic approaches are currently restricted to mild forms of diseases with significant residual catabolic activities and without brain involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Schulze
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, University of Bonn, Germany
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12
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Sundblom J, Melberg A, Kalimo H, Smits A, Raininko R. MR imaging characteristics and neuropathology of the spinal cord in adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic symptoms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:328-35. [PMID: 18945794 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging findings in adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) with autonomic symptoms have been described in the brain, but no descriptions of MR imaging findings in the spinal cord have been published. Here, we describe MR imaging findings in the spinal cord in adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms and histopathologic investigations of the spinal cord. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve subjects from 2 families with adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms identified by clinical investigation underwent MR imaging examination of the spinal cord. Sagittal and transverse sections were obtained. MR imaging examination of the brain was performed in 11 patients. One of the patients underwent postmortem examination, and the spinal cord was subjected to histopathologic analysis. RESULTS In all family members with adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms, even in the asymptomatic person, the spinal cord was thin. All examined family members also had a slight general white matter signal intensity (SI) increase in the whole spinal cord, mainly visible in T2-weighted transverse images. The pathologic examination revealed a discrete demyelination in the spinal cord. Brain MR imaging also showed increased T2 SI in the white matter. CONCLUSIONS The spinal cord is affected in adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms. Findings consist of atrophy and a diffuse T2 SI increase in the white matter. Transverse images are needed to assess these findings. The typical SI changes of the spinal cord are also present in subjects without clinical symptoms of the disease and with very limited changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sundblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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