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Edwards MR, Garcia Mora JK, Fowler KM, Vezza C, Robertson JL, Daniel GB, Shinn RL, Parker RL, Werre SR, Rossmeisl JH. Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging characteristics and potential molecular mechanisms of feline meningioma associated calvarial hyperostosis. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:174-185. [PMID: 38332673 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common feline primary brain tumours, and calvarial hyperostosis (CH) is frequently documented in association with this neoplastic entity. The clinical significance of and mechanisms driving the formation of CH in cats with meningiomas are poorly understood, although tumour invasion into the skull and tumour production of cytokines and enzymes have been implicated as causes of CH in humans. This retrospective study investigated relationships between signalment, MRI or CT imaging features, histopathologic tumour characteristics, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme concentrations, tumour expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and progression free survival times (PFS) following surgical treatment in 27 cats with meningiomas with (n = 15) or without (n = 12) evidence of CH. No significant differences in breed, age, sex, body weight, tumour grade, tumour volume, peritumoral edema burden, ALP isoenzyme concentrations, tumour Ki-67 labelling indices or MMP-2 or MMP-9 expression and activity, or PFS were noted between cats with or without CH. There was a trend towards higher serum (p = .06) and intratumoral (p = .07) concentrations of IL-6 in cats with CH, but these comparisons were not statistically significant. Histologic evidence of tumour invasion into bone was observed in 5/12 (42%) with CH and in no (0/6) cats without CH, although this was not statistically significant (p = .07). Tumour invasion into bone and tumour production of IL-6 may contribute to the formation of meningioma associated CH in cats, although larger studies are required to further substantiate these findings and determine their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Edwards
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Josefa K Garcia Mora
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kayla M Fowler
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Christina Vezza
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - John L Robertson
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory B Daniel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard L Shinn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Rell L Parker
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Laboratory for Study Design and Statistical Analysis, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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May JL, Garcia-Mora J, Edwards M, Rossmeisl JH. An Illustrated Scoping Review of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Canine and Feline Brain Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1044. [PMID: 38612283 PMCID: PMC11010916 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used pervasively in veterinary practice for the antemortem diagnosis of intracranial tumors. Here, we provide an illustrated summary of the published MRI features of primary and secondary intracranial tumors of dogs and cats, following PRISMA scoping review guidelines. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant records, and input from stakeholders was solicited to select data for extraction. Sixty-seven studies of moderate to low-level evidence quality describing the MRI features of pathologically confirmed canine and feline brain tumors met inclusion criteria. Considerable variability in data inclusion and reporting, as well as low case numbers, prohibited comparative data analyses. Available data support a holistic MRI approach incorporating lesion number, location within the brain, shape, intrinsic signal appearances on multiparametric sequences, patterns of contrast enhancement, and associated secondary changes in the brain to prioritize differential imaging diagnoses, and often allows for accurate presumptive diagnosis of common intracranial tumors. Quantitative MRI techniques show promise for improving discrimination of neoplastic from non-neoplastic brain lesions, as well as differentiating brain tumor types and grades, but sample size limitations will likely remain a significant practical obstacle to the design of robustly powered radiomic studies. For many brain tumor variants, particularly in cats, there remains a need for standardized studies that correlate clinicopathologic and neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. May
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.L.M.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Josefa Garcia-Mora
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.L.M.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Michael Edwards
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (J.L.M.); (J.G.-M.)
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3
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Intracranial Granular Cell Tumours in Three Dogs: Atypical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Immunohistochemical Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020134. [PMID: 36851438 PMCID: PMC9962801 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial granular cell tumours (GCT) are uncommon neoplasms of uncertain cellular origin that are rarely reported in dogs. This case series describes three aged dogs that presented with neurological signs in which magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed plaquelike extra-axial lesions that were hypointense on T2-weighted (T2w) images. The surgical biopsy of the lesions and necropsies were followed by histochemical characterisation with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemistry with ubiquitin, S-100, and SOX-10 to elucidate the cellular origin. The immunohistochemical study indicated that these intracranial GCTs were not of Schwann cell origin. In conclusion, GCTs should be considered a differential diagnosis of intracranial, extra-axial hypointense brain lesions on T2w MR images.
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Petit CV, Chen AV, Murthy VD, Roberts GD, Valerio‐López C. MRI and CT characteristics of a grade I meningioma with concurrent cribriform plate lysis in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford V. Petit
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Annie V. Chen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Vishal D. Murthy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Gregory D. Roberts
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Carlos Valerio‐López
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman Washington USA
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5
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Ortiz‐Nisa S, Fuente C, Sant´Ana F, Pumarola M, Añor S. Clinical, imaging and histopathological characteristics of a malignant intracranial meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ortiz‐Nisa
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristian Fuente
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Fabiano Sant´Ana
- Veterinary Pathology Department Brasília University Brasília Brazil
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Unitat de Patologia Murina i Comparada (UPMiC) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Sonia Añor
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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6
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Mai W, Burke EE, Reetz JA, Hecht S, Paek M, Church ME, Werre SR, Mariani CL, Griffin JF, Glass EN. High-field MRI using standard pulse sequences has moderate to substantial interobserver agreement and good accuracy for differentiation between intracranial extra-axial histiocytic sarcoma and meningioma in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 63:176-184. [PMID: 34881469 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial extra-axial histiocytic sarcoma shares common MRI features with meningioma. As histiocytic sarcoma carries a generally worse prognosis than meningioma, the ability to differentiate between these two neoplasms is of clinical value. The aim of this retrospective diagnostic accuracy and observer agreement study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of high-field MRI to differentiate between these two tumors, using standard pulse sequences and published MRI features. A total of 51 dogs were included (26 meningiomas and 25 histiocytic sarcomas). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations were independently assessed by three experienced board-certified radiologists, evaluating 18 imaging features. They were asked to assign each case to one of three categories (meningioma, histiocytic sarcoma, and undetermined). Agreement for the MRI diagnosis across all three reviewers was moderate (κ 0.54) while paired interobserver agreement ranged from moderate to substantial (κ 0.58-0.74) with percent agreement ranging between 86.1% and 87.7%. Overall, the probability of correctly diagnosing meningioma in a dog with this tumor ranged between 79.2% and 94.4%, and the probability of correctly diagnosing histiocytic sarcoma in a dog with this tumor ranged between 76.0% and 92.3%. The overall probability to diagnose the correct tumor, irrespective of type, ranged between 79.2% and 89.7%. Histiocytic sarcomas tended to have more extensive edema and more often had combined perilesional and distant meningeal enhancement affecting both pachy- and leptomeninges, while for meningiomas, meningeal enhancement tended to more commonly be perilesional and pachymeningeal. Imaging features that seemed more useful to make a correct diagnosis included "location/type of meningeal enhancement," "osseous changes in the adjacent neurocranium," "cystic changes," and "herniation severity."
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Mai
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily E Burke
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Emily Burke's current affiliation is, Triangle Veterinary Referral Hospitals, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer A Reetz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew Paek
- Synergy Veterinary Imaging Partners, Virginia, Maryland, USA
| | - Molly E Church
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher L Mariani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - John F Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Eric N Glass
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Compassion First Pet Hospitals, Tinton Falls, New Jersey, USA
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7
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Miller AD, Miller CR, Rossmeisl JH. Canine Primary Intracranial Cancer: A Clinicopathologic and Comparative Review of Glioma, Meningioma, and Choroid Plexus Tumors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1151. [PMID: 31788444 PMCID: PMC6856054 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dog, primary intracranial neoplasia represents ~2-5% of all cancers and is especially common in certain breeds including English and French bulldogs and Boxers. The most common types of primary intracranial cancer in the dog are meningioma, glioma, and choroid plexus tumors, generally occurring in middle aged to older dogs. Much work has recently been done to understand the characteristic imaging and clinicopathologic features of these tumors. The gross and histologic landscape of these tumors in the dog compare favorably to their human counterparts with many similarities noted in histologic patterns, subtype, and grades. Data informing the underlying molecular abnormalities in the canine tumors have only begun to be unraveled, but reveal similar pathways are mutated between canine and human primary intracranial neoplasia. This review will provide an overview of the clinicopathologic features of the three most common forms of primary intracranial cancer in the dog, delve into the comparative aspects between the dog and human neoplasms, and provide an introduction to current standard of care while also highlighting novel, experimental treatments that may help bridge the gap between canine and human cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - C. Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center and Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Veterinary and Comparative Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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8
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Hughes JR, Taylor-Brown FE, Greville-Heygate O, Constantino-Casas F, Williams DL, Genain MA. Multimodality characteristics of multifocal choroid plexus carcinoma with bilateral calvarial defects in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 62:E20-E25. [PMID: 30892784 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old male intact miniature poodle presented for blindness, obtundation, tetraparesis, and vestibular signs. Magnetic resonance imaging, radiography, and ultrasound revealed a left piriform lobe lesion, right cerebellar and left brainstem lesions, and hydrocephalus and bilateral calvarial defects. Histopathology confirmed a choroid plexus carcinoma with meningeal and intraventricular metastases. The calvarial defect did not show evidence of necrosis, osteoclastic resorption, inflammation or neoplastic infiltration, reflecting a quiescent calvarial atrophy or dysplasia. These novel findings supported inclusion of bone atrophy secondary to chronic increased intracranial pressure as a differential diagnosis for large calvarial defects in dogs with choroid plexus carcinoma.
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9
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Recio A, de la Fuente C, Pumarola M, Espada Y, Añor S. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic characteristics of a glioma causing calvarial erosion in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 60:E1-E5. [PMID: 28449234 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old female Boxer was examined for acute onset of seizures. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an intra-axial mass with imaging features consistent with glioma was observed in the right cerebral hemisphere. A defect in the temporal bone adjacent to the mass was observed. Postmortem computed tomography (CT) confirmed temporal bone osteolysis and necropsy demonstrated a glioblastoma with associated calvarial erosion. Although occasionally described in human medicine, to our knowledge, this is the first description of a brain glioma causing calvarial erosion in a dog. Glioma should be included as a differential diagnosis for intracranial lesions that could cause bony changes in the skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Recio
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian de la Fuente
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sònia Añor
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Bentley RT. Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of brain tumors in dogs. Vet J 2015; 205:204-16. [PMID: 25792181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A great deal of information is now available regarding the range of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of many primary and secondary brain tumors from dogs. In this review, these canine neoplasms are grouped into meningeal masses, ventricular masses, intra-axial enhancing lesions, intra-axial mildly to non-enhancing lesions, and multifocal lesions. For each of these patterns, the major and sporadic neoplastic differential diagnoses are provided, and guidance on how to rank differential diagnoses for each individual patient is presented. The implication of MRI features such as contrast-enhancement, signal intensities and location is discussed. However, the information garnered from MRI must be correlated with all available clinical information and with epidemiological data before creating a differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, USA.
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11
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Griffin LR, Nolan MW, Selmic LE, Randall E, Custis J, LaRue S. Stereotactic radiation therapy for treatment of canine intracranial meningiomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:e158-e170. [PMID: 25524449 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the rate of toxicity, median survival time (MST) and prognostic factors in dogs with presumed intracranial meningiomas that were treated with stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). Patient demographics, neurological history, details of SRT plans and response to treatment (including toxicity and survival times) were examined for potential prognostic factors. Overall MST (MST) due to death for any cause was 561 days. There was a mild to moderate exacerbation of neurological symptoms 3-16 weeks following SRT treatments in 11/30 (36.7%) of dogs. This presumed adverse event was treated with corticosteroids, and improvement was seen in most of these dogs. Death within 6 months of treatment as a result of worsening neurologic signs was seen in 4/30 (13.3%) of dogs. Volume of normal brain that received full dose at a prescription of 8Gy × 3 fractions was predictive of death due to neurological problems within this 6-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Griffin
- Department of Environmental and Biological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M W Nolan
- Radiation Oncology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - L E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - E Randall
- Diagnostic Imaging, Colorado State University, Fort collins, CO, USA
| | - J Custis
- Environmental Health and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - S LaRue
- Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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12
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Young BD, Fosgate GT, Holmes SP, Wolff CA, Chen-Allen AV, Kent M, Platt SR, Savage MY, Schatzberg SJ, Levine JM. Evaluation of standard magnetic resonance characteristics used to differentiate neoplastic, inflammatory, and vascular brain lesions in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 55:399-406. [PMID: 24467341 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics are commonly used to help predict intracranial disease categories in dogs, however, few large studies have objectively evaluated these characteristics. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate MR characteristics that have been used to differentiate neoplastic, inflammatory, and vascular intracranial diseases in a large, multi-institutional population of dogs. Medical records from three veterinary teaching hospitals were searched over a 6-year period for dogs that had diagnostic quality brain MR scans and histologically confirmed intracranial disease. Three examiners who were unaware of histologic diagnosis independently evaluated 19 MR lesion characteristics totaling 57 possible responses. A total of 75 dogs with histologically confirmed intracranial disease were included in analyses: 51 with neoplasia, 18 with inflammatory disease, and six with cerebrovascular disease. Only strong contrast enhancement was more common in neoplasia than other disease categories. A multivariable statistical model suggested that extra-axial origin, T2-FLAIR mixed intensity, and defined lesion margins were also predictive of neoplasia. Meningeal enhancement, irregular lesion shape, and multifocal location distinguished inflammatory diseases from the other disease categories. No MR characteristics distinguished vascular lesions and these appeared most similar to neoplasia. These results differed from a previous report describing seven MR characteristics that were predictive of neoplasia in dogs and cats. Findings from the current study indicated that the high performance of MR for diagnosing canine intracranial diseases might be due to evaluator recognition of combinations of MR characteristics vs. relying on any one MR characteristic alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Young
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
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13
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Leclerc MK, d'Anjou MA, Blond L, Carmel ÉN, Dennis R, Kraft SL, Matthews AR, Parent JM. Interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of brain magnetic resonance imaging in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 242:1688-95. [PMID: 23725432 DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.12.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of brain MRI in dogs. DESIGN Evaluation study. ANIMALS 44 dogs. PROCEDURES 5 board-certified veterinary radiologists with variable MRI experience interpreted transverse T2-weighted (T2w), T2w fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and T1-weighted-FLAIR; transverse, sagittal, and dorsal T2w; and T1-weighted-FLAIR postcontrast brain sequences (1.5 T). Several imaging parameters were scored, including the following: lesion (present or absent), lesion characteristics (axial localization, mass effect, edema, hemorrhage, and cavitation), contrast enhancement characteristics, and most likely diagnosis (normal, neoplastic, inflammatory, vascular, metabolic or toxic, or other). Magnetic resonance imaging diagnoses were determined initially without patient information and then repeated, providing history and signalment. For all cases and readers, MRI diagnoses were compared with final diagnoses established with results from histologic examination (when available) or with other pertinent clinical data (CSF analysis, clinical response to treatment, or MRI follow-up). Magnetic resonance scores were compared between examiners with κ statistics. RESULTS Reading agreement was substantial to almost perfect (0.64 < κ < 0.86) when identifying a brain lesion on MRI; fair to moderate (0.14 < κ < 0.60) when interpreting hemorrhage, edema, and pattern of contrast enhancement; fair to substantial (0.22 < κ < 0.74) for dural tail sign and categorization of margins of enhancement; and moderate to substantial (0.40 < κ < 0.78) for axial localization, presence of mass effect, cavitation, intensity, and distribution of enhancement. Interobserver agreement was moderate to substantial for categories of diagnosis (0.56 < κ < 0.69), and agreement with the final diagnosis was substantial regardless of whether patient information was (0.65 < κ < 0.76) or was not (0.65 < κ < 0.68) provided. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study found that whereas some MRI features such as edema and hemorrhage were interpreted less consistently, radiologists were reasonably constant and accurate when providing diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène-Kim Leclerc
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada.
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14
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Anwer CC, Vernau KM, Higgins RJ, Dickinson PJ, Sturges BK, LeCouteur RA, Bentley RT, Wisner ER. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF INTRACRANIAL GRANULAR CELL TUMORS IN SIX DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 54:271-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cona C. Anwer
- From the Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences
| | | | - Robert J. Higgins
- Department of Pathology; Microbiology, and Immunology; University of California - Davis; Davis; CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Erik R. Wisner
- From the Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences
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15
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Palus V, Volk HA, Lamb CR, Targett MP, Cherubini GB. MRI FEATURES OF CNS LYMPHOMA IN DOGS AND CATS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2011; 53:44-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Palus
- Dick White Referrals; Veterinary Specialist Centre; Six Mile Bottom; Suffolk; CB8 0UH; UK
| | - Holger A. Volk
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; North Mymms; Hertfordshire; AL9 7TA; UK
| | - Christopher R. Lamb
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; North Mymms; Hertfordshire; AL9 7TA; UK
| | - Mike P. Targett
- and School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington; Leicestershire; LE12 5RD; UK
| | - Giunio Bruto Cherubini
- Dick White Referrals; Veterinary Specialist Centre; Six Mile Bottom; Suffolk; CB8 0UH; UK
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16
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Martin-Vaquero P, Da Costa RC, Aeffner F, Oglesbee MJ, Echandi RL. Imaging diagnosis--Hemorrhagic meningioma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:165-7. [PMID: 20402404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old Labrador Retriever developed acute central vestibular signs. An extra-axial mass was detected on MR images ventral to the brainstem. The mass was both T1- and T2-hypointense; there was also thin-rimmed patchy contrast enhancement. These findings were nonspecific, but the extreme T2-hypointensity was notable and suggested a hemorrhagic mass. The histologic diagnosis was anaplastic meningioma with acute hemorrhage. These findings document an unusual appearance of a meningioma in MR images due to intratumoral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martin-Vaquero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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17
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Hecht S, Adams WH. MRI of Brain Disease in Veterinary Patients Part 2: Acquired Brain Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:39-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel M Johnson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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19
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McDonnell JJ, Kalbko K, Keating JH, Sato AF, Faissler D. Multiple Meningiomas in Three Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2007; 43:201-8. [PMID: 17615400 DOI: 10.5326/0430201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three dogs with seizures were diagnosed with multiple intracranial meningiomas. Two of the three dogs were golden retrievers, and ages ranged from 9 to 11 years. Treatment consisted of surgery and radiation (n=2) or chemotherapy (n=1). In all three cases, the masses were two distinct tumors as determined by imaging, surgery, or necropsy. In two dogs, the meningiomas had the same histological pattern, while in one dog the histological subtypes were different.
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20
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Fluehmann G, Konar M, Jaggy A, Nicolier AI, Vandevelde M. Cerebral Cholesterol Granuloma in a Cat. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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McDonnell JJ, Tidwell AS, Faissler D, Keating J. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF CERVICAL SPINAL CORD MENINGIOMAS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46:368-74. [PMID: 16250392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The records of four dogs with cervical spinal cord meningiomas were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, history, laboratory findings, neurological examination, and histopathological findings were evaluated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using a 1.0-T superconducting magnet and T2-weighted (W) and noncontrast and postcontrast T1-W spin echo pulse sequences. Meningiomas were located at the level of the second, third, and fifth cervical vertebrae and the C2-3 intervertebral space. All meningiomas appeared as focal masses that were hyperintense to the spinal cord on T2-W images and iso- to hypointense on the T1-W images. They could be identified as intradural and extramedullary in origin based on a broad-based dural margin seen on at least one of the imaging planes and a gradual expansion of the subarachnoid space cranial and caudal to the mass, best noted on the transverse and dorsal plane images. On dorsal plane T2-W images in three dogs, expansion of the subarachnoid space adjacent to the mass appeared similar to the myelographic "golf tee" sign. All meningiomas exhibited moderate, well-defined contrast enhancement with dural tails seen in three of the four dogs. One dog had extension into the intervertebral foramen along the nerve and ipsilateral atrophy of the muscles of the neck. By differentiating the meningiomas from intramedullary tumors and by clearly depicting the extent of the masses, MRI provided valuable information about treatment options and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J McDonnell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
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22
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Cherubini GB, Mantis P, Martinez TA, Lamb CR, Cappello R. UTILITY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR DISTINGUISHING NEOPLASTIC FROM NON-NEOPLASTIC BRAIN LESIONS IN DOGS AND CATS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46:384-7. [PMID: 16250394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify magnetic resonance (MR) signs that aid differentiation of neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic brain diseases in dogs and cats. MR images of 36 dogs and 13 cats with histologic diagnosis of intracranial disease were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnoses included 30 primary and three metastatic brain tumors, 11 infectious/inflammatory lesions, three vascular, one degenerative disease, and one developmental malformation. Upon univariate analysis of 21 MR signs, there were seven that had a significant association with neoplasia: single lesion (P = 0.004), shape (P = 0.015), mass effect (P = 0.002), dural contact (P = 0.04), dural tail (P = 0.005), lesions affecting adjacent bone (P = 0.008), and contrast enhancement (P = 0.025). Increasing age was also found to be associated with neoplasia (P = 0.0001). MR signs of non-neoplastic brain diseases in dogs and cats were more variable than those of brain neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giunio Bruto Cherubini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK.
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23
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Klopp LS, Hathcock JT, Sorjonen DC. Magnetic resonance imaging features of brain stem abscessation in two cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2000; 41:300-7. [PMID: 10955490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb02077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Premortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in two cats with brain stem abscessation confirmed post mortem by histology and recovery of multiple bacterial species. The MRI features of the abscesses were distinctive and included a thick and marked enhancement of the abscess capsule and extension of the lesion from a tympanic bulla in one cat. A focal area of increased signal intensity was present on T2-weighted images. A circumscribed area of decreased signal intensity was surrounded by a ring of increased signal intensity on precontrast T1-weighted images. A center of decreased signal intensity with a thick, markedly enhanced abscess capsule was observed on post contrast T1-weighted images. These findings are compared to the current experimental and clinical literature of brain abscess. The underlying pathogenesis of MRI features is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Klopp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802, USA
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Abstract
A diagnosis of intracranial neoplasia in companion animals may be made by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is the better method for detecting and characterizing intracranial tumors because of its superior depiction of soft tissues and relative lack of degrading artifacts, intracranial tumors may be characterized by distinct features; a systematic evaluation of these features on CT or MRI images may help to identify specific tumor types. In this article, guidelines for formulating differential diagnoses based on these imaging criteria will be discussed. Technical recommendations and protocols for CT and MR imaging will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Kraft
- Department of Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1601, USA
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25
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Graham JP, Newell SM, Voges AK, Roberts GD, Harrison JM. The dural tail sign in the diagnosis of meningiomas. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1998; 39:297-302. [PMID: 9710130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans the dural tail is a sign seen on contrast enhanced T1 weighted magnetic resonance images. This finding is considered specific for meningioma. The purpose of this study was to determine how often the dural tail occurs in cats and dogs and whether it is a specific sign for meningiomas in these species. MR examinations for eighteen dogs and four cats with proven diagnoses were reviewed. Diagnoses included ten meningiomas (seven dogs and three cats), three gliomas, two pituitary tumors, single examples of two other tumor types and five patients with mass lesions due to inflammatory disease. Contrast enhanced T1 weighted images were evaluated independently by three of the authors for the presence of a dural tail, without knowledge of the diagnoses. The results were compared to the diagnosis for each patient and the performance of individual reviewers compared. When their results were averaged, the reviewers reported the presence of a dural tail in 6 of 10 (60%) meningiomas, although detection varied between observers from 40% to 80%. Each reviewer had one false positive result, two reported a dural tail with a chromophobe adenocarcinoma and one with a toxoplasma meningoencephalitis. When a dural tail is seen an associated mass is most likely a meningioma. It is uncertain whether the dural tail represents neoplastic infiltration beyond the margins of the meningioma. This should be considered when planning treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Graham
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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