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Jaber JR, Morales Bordon D, Arencibia A, Corbera JA, Conde-Felipe M, Ayala MD, Encinoso M. Correlation between Cross-Sectional Anatomy and Computed Tomography of the Normal Six-Banded Armadillo ( Euphractus sexcintus) Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1135. [PMID: 38612374 PMCID: PMC11011167 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to study the rostral part of the head of the six-banded armadillo, applying advanced imaging techniques such as CT. Furthermore, by combining the images obtained through this technique with anatomical cross-sections, an adequate description of the structures that constitute the rostral part of the head of this species is presented. This anatomical information could provide a valuable diagnostic tool for the clinical evaluation of different disorders in the six-banded armadillo's nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Raduan Jaber
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Daniel Morales Bordon
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Producción Animal, Bromatología y Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain (M.C.-F.)
| | - Alberto Arencibia
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Juan Alberto Corbera
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Producción Animal, Bromatología y Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain (M.C.-F.)
- Hospital Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Magnolia Conde-Felipe
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Producción Animal, Bromatología y Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain (M.C.-F.)
| | - Maria Dolores Ayala
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mario Encinoso
- Hospital Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain;
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Emam H, Aref M, Abdelbaset-Ismail A, Abdelaal A, Gouda S, Gomaa M. Description of normal head structures of the one-humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius) by magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cross-sectional anatomy. Vet World 2020; 13:1581-1587. [PMID: 33061230 PMCID: PMC7522936 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1581-1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was designed for the 1st time to describe the normal head structures of one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) using both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) as well as cross-sectional anatomy. Materials and Methods: Five fresh cadaver heads were collected from clinically normal camels and then subjected to T1-weighted MR and CT imaging. Afterward, these examined heads were transversely sliced to obtain seven crossing levels. Results: The obtained structures per each crossing level were matched with their relevant sorted images of T1-weighted MRI and CT, then identified and labeled accordingly. Conclusion: The data shown herein expand our knowledge of the normal head structures of the camel and could be used as a reference for ultimate diagnosis of the surgical affections of head using MRI and/or CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Emam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44159 Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44159 Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelbaset-Ismail
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44159 Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelaal
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44159 Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Gouda
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44159 Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gomaa
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44159 Zagazig, El-Sharkia, Egypt
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Schwieder A, Pfarrer C, Ohnesorge B, Staszyk C, Bienert-Zeit A. Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:34. [PMID: 32576268 PMCID: PMC7310435 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Horses may acquire a range of paranasal sinus diseases. Clinical studies show slight differences regarding anatomical regions and age. Histopathological examination of tissue samples could play an important role in the diagnostic process. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the histological appearance of the paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM) and the nasomaxillary aperture mucosa (NAM) is essential. The objective of this study was to determine topographic and age-related differences within the healthy equine PSM. In addition, we aimed to gain detailed knowledge of the histological appearance of the NAM in comparison to the PSM. Results The PSM had an average height of 75.72 ± 44.48 μm with a two-row pseudostratified columnar epithelium of 13.52 ± 4.78 μm. The parameters mucosal height, epithelial height and number of goblet cells revealed significant dependency of the sample site and age group. The maxillary and dorsal conchal sinus showed the highest values for these parameters. In terms of age, younger horses showed a significantly higher total mucosal height in contrast to a significantly lower epithelial height than older horses. Positive correlation was seen between the epithelial height and number of goblet cells. The NAM had an average height of 820.27 ± 653.21 μm. Its pseudostratified epithelium was usually arranged in three rows and had an average height of 44.9 ± 12.78 μm. The number of goblet cells in the NAM was five times higher than in the PSM. Serous glands were found in only 4% of the PSM samples and 100% of the NAM samples. Conclusions There are significant histological differences between different paranasal sinus sites and between different groups of age. This may be related to an altered susceptibility for certain pathologies. The striking difference in the histological appearance of the NAM compared to the PSM could be due to an enhanced role in mucociliary clearance. Further studies are necessary to improve the understanding of mucosal function in specific paranasal sinus compartments and mucosal changes generated by different diseases.
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Röttiger C, Hellige M, Ohnesorge B, Bienert-Zeit A. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of equine cheek teeth and adjacent structures: comparative study of image quality in horses in vivo, post-mortem and frozen-thawed. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:62. [PMID: 31823831 PMCID: PMC6905104 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of cadavers for radiology research methodologies involving subjective image quality evaluation of anatomical criteria is well-documented. The purpose of this method comparison study was to evaluate the image quality of dental and adjacent structures in computed tomography (CT) and high-field (3 T) magnetic resonance (MR) images in cadaveric heads, based on an objective four-point rating scale. Whilst CT is a well-established technique, MR imaging (MRI) is rarely used for equine dental diagnostics. The use of a grading system in this study allowed an objective assessment of CT and MRI advantages in portraying equine cheek teeth. As imaging is commonly performed with cadaveric or frozen and thawed heads for dental research investigations, the second objective was to quantify the impact of the specimens' conditions (in vivo, post-mortem, frozen-thawed) on the image quality in CT and MRI. RESULTS The CT and MR images of nine horses, focused on the maxillary premolar 08s and molar 09s, were acquired post-mortem (Group A). Three observers scored the dental and adjacent tissues. Results showed that MR sequences gave an excellent depiction of endo- and periodontal structures, whereas CT produced high-quality images of the hard tooth and bony tissues. Additional CT and MRI was performed in vivo (Group B) and frozen-thawed (Group C) in three of these nine horses to specify the condition of the best specimens for further research. Assessing the impact of the specimens' conditions on image quality, specific soft tissues of the maxillary 08s and 09s including adjacent structures (pulps, mucosa of the maxillary sinuses, periodontal ligament, soft tissue inside the infraorbital canal) were graded in group B and C and analysed for significant differences within CT and MR modalities in comparison to group A. Results showed that MRI scores in vivo were superior to the post-mortem and frozen-thawed condition. CONCLUSIONS On comparing the imaging performance of CT and MRI, both techniques show a huge potential for application in equine dentistry. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical suitability of MRI. For further research investigations it must be considered, that the best MR image quality is provided in live horses.
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Poore LA, Le Roux C, Carstens A. Trauma-induced exostosis of multiple suture lines causing partial bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction in a 7-year-old Thoroughbred mare. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2019; 90:e1-e7. [PMID: 31588759 PMCID: PMC6783641 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v90i0.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A definitive diagnosis of extensive suture line exostoses affecting the nasofrontal, nasolacrimal, nasomaxillary, frontolacrimal, lacrimozygomatic and lacrimomaxillary suture lines in a 7-year-old Thoroughbred mare with chronic bilateral epiphora and facial deformation was achieved using standing computed tomography (CT) examinations. Positive contrast dacryocystorhinography using CT revealed partial bilateral obstruction of the nasolacrimal ducts. Minimally displaced depression fractures of the right nasal bone, the right maxillary bone and right frontal bone were also demonstrated. The cosmetic appearance of the periosteal reaction associated with the suture line exostosis and epiphora significantly improved within 3 months of diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Poore
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
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Peri E, Gingerich PD, Aringhieri G, Bianucci G. Reduction of olfactory and respiratory turbinates in the transition of whales from land to sea: the semiaquatic middle Eocene Aegyptocetus tarfa. J Anat 2019; 236:98-104. [PMID: 31498900 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethmoturbinates, nasoturbinates, and maxilloturbinates are well developed in the narial tract of land-dwelling artiodactyls ancestral to whales, but these are greatly reduced or lost entirely in modern whales. Aegyptocetus tarfa is a semiaquatic protocetid from the middle Eocene of Egypt. Computed axial tomography scans of the skull show that A. tarfa retained all three sets of turbinates like a land mammal. It is intermediate between terrestrial artiodactyls and aquatic whales in reduction of the turbinates. Ethmoturbinates in A. tarfa have 26% of the surface area expected for an artiodactyl. These have an olfactory function and indicate that early whales retained a sense of smell in the transition from land to sea. Maxilloturbinates in A. tarfa have 6% of the surface area expected for an artiodactyl. These have a respiratory function and their markedly reduced size suggests that rapid inhalation and exhalation was already more important than warming and humidifying air, in contrast to extant land mammals. Finally, the maxilloturbinates of A. tarfa, although greatly reduced, still show some degree of similarity to those of artiodactyls, supporting the phylogenetic affinity of cetaceans and artiodactyls based on morphological and molecular evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Peri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Aringhieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bianucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Manso‐Díaz G, Taeymans O, García‐López JM, Weller R. Application and indications of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the equine head. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Manso‐Díaz
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
- The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | | | - J. M. García‐López
- Department of Clinical Sciences Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University North Grafton Massachusetts USA
| | - R. Weller
- The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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Schoppe C, Hellige M, Rohn K, Ohnesorge B, Bienert-Zeit A. Comparison of computed tomography and high-field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging of age-related variances in selected equine maxillary cheek teeth and adjacent tissues. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:280. [PMID: 28874149 PMCID: PMC5585999 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modern imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have the advantage of producing images without superimposition. Whilst CT is a well-established technique for dental diagnostics, MRI examinations are rarely used for the evaluation of dental diseases in horses. Regarding equine endodontic therapies which are increasingly implemented, MRI could help to portray changes of the periodontal ligament and display gross pulpar anatomy. Knowledge of age-related changes is essential for diagnosis, as cheek teeth and surrounding structures alter with increasing age. The aim of the present study was to highlight the advantages of CT and MRI regarding age-related changes in selected equine cheek teeth and their adjacent structures. Results The CT and MRI appearances of the maxillary 08 s and 09 s and adjacent structures were described by evaluation of post-mortem examinations of nine horses of different ages (Group A: <6 years, B: 6–15 years, C: ≥16 years). Most of the tissues selected were imaged accurately with MRI and CT. Magnetic resonance imaging gives an excellent depiction of soft endo- and periodontal units, and CT of hard dental and bony tissues. Negative correlation between dental age and pulpar sizes was found: 71.3% of the changes in pulp dimensions can be explained by teeth aging. Pulpar sizes ranged from 14.3 to 1.3 mm and were significantly smaller in older horses (p < 0.05). A common pulp chamber was present in 33% of the teeth with a mean dental age of 2.25 years. Ninety-four percent of the 08 and 09 alveoli of all groups were in direct contact with the maxillary sinus. An age-related regression was found (R2 = 0.88) for the distance between alveoli and the infraorbital canal. Conclusions The present study provides information about the dental and periodontal age-related morphology and its visibility using different imaging techniques. These results aid in evaluating diagnostic images and in deciding which is the superior imaging modality for clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schoppe
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Maren Hellige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Veterinary Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ohnesorge
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Bienert-Zeit
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
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Junge HK, Mitchell KJ, Hoey S. Diagnosis of severe traumatic brain injury using multimodal imaging in a donkey. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Junge
- Equine Department; Vetsuisse-Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. J. Mitchell
- Equine Department; Vetsuisse-Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Hoey
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging; Vetsuisse-Faculty; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Kaminsky J, Bienert-Zeit A, Hellige M, Rohn K, Ohnesorge B. Comparison of image quality and in vivo appearance of the normal equine nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in computed tomography and high field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:13. [PMID: 26786270 PMCID: PMC4717646 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed tomography (CT) is a well-established imaging technique in the diagnostics of equine sinunasal disease. High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming more readily available in equine veterinary medicine. MRI is appreciated for its superior ability to depict soft tissues with high contrast. To compare the established technique of CT in the depiction of the equine nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and adjoining anatomical structures to 3 Tesla MRI the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses of 13 horses were examined using CT and 3 Tesla MRI. RESULTS Comparison of CT and MRI images of the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavities and adjoining anatomical structures of 13 healthy horses showed that the inter-rater agreement for the CT examinations was higher than the inter-rater agreement for the MRI examinations. CT images proved to be significantly higher rated for the depiction of cortical bone, while MR images were higher rated for the appearance of soft tissues. For the distinction between different tissues or anatomical structures the MR images were significantly higher rated and especially T2-weighted sequences allowed for a good distinction between delicate structures. None of the MRI sequences produced an exact depiction of the lumen of the nasomaxillary aperture while the CT with a bone window allowed for a satisfying visualization. CONCLUSION The CT is an imaging modality that produces high quality images within a short time when examining equine nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. The strength of CT lies in the high quality depiction of large and delicate structures with high radiodensity. High field MRI with a field strength of 3 Tesla produces images of high quality that allow for the distinction of delicate soft tissue structures but requires long examination times. The high field strength of 3 Tesla magnetic imaging introduces new possibilities in tomographic soft tissue imaging of the equine head but cannot match up with the CT in terms of visualization of bone and total examination duration. Therefore, clinicians should consider the exact imaging needs in clinical cases to decide whether a single examination or a combination of both imaging techniques may promise the greatest benefit for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Kaminsky
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, Hannover, D-30559, Germany.
| | - Astrid Bienert-Zeit
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, Hannover, D-30559, Germany.
| | - Maren Hellige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, Hannover, D-30559, Germany.
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, Hannover, D-30559, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Ohnesorge
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, Hannover, D-30559, Germany.
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Tucker R, Windley ZE, Abernethy AD, Witte TH, Fiske-Jackson AR, Turner S, Smith LJ, Perkins JD. Radiographic, computed tomographic and surgical anatomy of the equine sphenopalatine sinus in normal and diseased horses. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:578-84. [PMID: 26235828 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Knowledge of imaging anatomy, surgical anatomy and disorders affecting the sphenopalatine sinus are currently lacking. OBJECTIVES To describe the computed tomographic (CT) and surgical anatomy of the sphenopalatine sinus and diagnosis, treatment and outcome in clinical cases with sphenopalatine sinus disease. STUDY DESIGN Cadaver observational study and retrospective case series. METHODS The sphenopalatine sinuses of 10 normal cadaver heads were examined with digital radiography, CT and sinoscopic examination prior to anatomical sectioning. Sphenopalatine sinus anatomy was described and compared between cadaver specimens across the imaging modalities. Medical records (January 2004-2014) of cases diagnosed with sphenopalatine sinus disease were reviewed. RESULTS The anatomy of the sphenopalatine sinus was variable. The borders of the sphenopalatine sinus were not identifiable on plain radiographs, whereas CT provided useful anatomical information. The palatine portion of the sphenopalatine sinus was consistently accessible sinoscopically and the sphenoidal portion was accessible in 6/10 cadaver heads. Fourteen cases of sphenopalatine sinus disease were identified, presenting with one or more clinical signs of exophthalmos, blindness, unilateral epistaxis or unilateral nasal discharge. Diagnoses included neoplasia (7), progressive ethmoidal haematoma (4), sinus cyst (2) and empyema (1). Computed tomography provided diagnostic information but could not differentiate the nature of soft tissue masses. Standing sinoscopic access to the palatine portion of the sphenopalatine sinus was possible for evaluation, biopsy and resection of abnormal soft tissues. Surgical access to the sphenoidal portion was limited. Eight horses were alive at 1 year after diagnosis, with a worse outcome associated with CT evidence of bone loss and a diagnosis of neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Sphenopalatine sinus disease should be considered a rare cause of the clinical signs described. Knowledge of the anatomical variation of the sphenopalatine sinus is vital for interpreting CT images. A combination of CT and sinoscopy provides the most comprehensive approach for diagnosis and treatment of sphenopalatine sinus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Z E Windley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - A D Abernethy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - T H Witte
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - A R Fiske-Jackson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - S Turner
- Chine House Veterinary Hospital, Sileby, Leicestershire, UK
| | - L J Smith
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - J D Perkins
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, UK
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Dawson C, Dixon J, Lam R, Priestnall SL, Escanilla N. Differential diagnoses, investigation, and management of a periocular swelling close to the nasolacrimal duct in a horse - A case report of Dacryops. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:427-31. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dawson
- Ophthalmology Service; Department of Clinical Science and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - Jonathon Dixon
- Diagnostic Imaging Service; Department of Clinical Science and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - Richard Lam
- Diagnostic Imaging Service; Department of Clinical Science and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - Natalia Escanilla
- Ophthalmology Service; Department of Clinical Science and Services; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
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Ranslow AN, Richter JP, Neuberger T, Van Valkenburgh B, Rumple CR, Quigley AP, Pang B, Krane MH, Craven BA. Reconstruction and morphometric analysis of the nasal airway of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and implications regarding respiratory and olfactory airflow. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 297:2138-47. [PMID: 25312370 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Compared with other mammals (e.g., primates, rodents, and carnivores), the form and function of the ungulate nasal fossa, in particular the ethmoidal region, has been largely unexplored. Hence, the nasal anatomy of the largest prey species remains far less understood than that of their predators, rendering comparisons and evolutionary context unclear. Of the previous studies of nasal anatomy, none have investigated the detailed anatomy and functional morphology of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), a species that is ubiquitous throughout North and Central America and in northern regions of South America. Here, nasal form and function is quantitatively investigated in an adult white-tailed deer using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, combined with anatomical reconstruction and morphometric analysis techniques. The cross-sectional anatomy of the airway is shown and a three-dimensional anatomical model of the convoluted nasal fossa is reconstructed from the image data. A detailed morphometric analysis is presented that includes quantitative distributions of airway size and shape (e.g., airway perimeter, cross-sectional area, surface area) and the functional implications of these data regarding respiratory and olfactory airflow are investigated. The white-tailed deer is shown to possess a long, double scroll maxilloturbinal that occupies approximately half of the length of the nasal fossa and provides a large surface area for respiratory heat and moisture exchange. The ethmoidal region contains a convoluted arrangement of folded ethmoturbinals that appear to be morphologically distinct from the single and double scroll ethmoturbinals found in most other non-primates. This complex folding provides a large surface area in the limited space available for chemical sensing, due to the expansive maxilloturbinal. Morphologically, the white-tailed deer is shown to possess a dorsal meatus that leads to an olfactory recess, a nasal architecture that has been shown in other non-primate species to cause unique nasal airflow patterns to develop during sniffing that are optimized for odorant delivery to the sensory part of the nose. Additionally, we demonstrate that, during respiration, airflow in the nasal vestibule and the anterior maxilloturbinal region may be transitional or turbulent, in which case turbulent mixing is expected to enhance respiratory heat and moisture exchange, which could be an important contribution to thermoregulation and water conservation in the white-tailed deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Ranslow
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Computed tomography and magnetic resonance for the advanced imaging of the normal nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2015; 45:766-74. [PMID: 25632661 DOI: 10.1638/2013-0290.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) for the cross-sectional imaging of the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), to provide reference figures for gross anatomy with corresponding CT and MR images and to compare the features of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of the normal koala with that reported in other domestic species. Advanced imaging can be used to aid in diagnosis, to plan surgical intervention, and to monitor therapeutic responses to diseases of the nasal passages in koalas. One clinically normal koala was anesthetized twice for the separate acquisition of dorsal CT scan images and transverse, dorsal, and sagittal MR images of its nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Sagittal and transverse CT planes were reformatted. Three fresh koala skulls were also transected in one of each transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes and photographed. The CT and MR images obtained were matched with corresponding gross anatomic images and the normal bone, tissues and airway passages were identified. All anatomic structures were readily identifiable on CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and gross images. CT and MRI are both valuable diagnostic tools for imaging the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses of koalas. Images obtained from this project can be used as baseline references for future comparison with diseased koalas to help with diagnosis, surgical intervention, and response to therapy.
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D'Août C, Nisolle JF, Navez M, Perrin R, Launois T, Brogniez L, Clegg P, Hontoir F, Vandeweerd JM. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Normal Orbit and Eye of the Horse. Anat Histol Embryol 2014; 44:370-7. [PMID: 25294111 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic and infectious diseases of the eye and orbit can occur in horses. For diagnosis and monitoring of such diseases, medical imaging is useful including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of the current study was to describe CT and MRI anatomy of the equine orbit and ocular globe. The heads from four adult horses were scanned with a 6-slice Emotion 6 CT (Siemens, Erlangen), and a 3.0 Tesla Siemens Verio 6 MRI using T1 and T2-weighted sequences. To validate CT and MR reference images, these were compared with anatomical models and gross anatomical sections. The bony limits of the orbital cavity, the relationship of the orbit with sinuses and foramina of the skull were well identified by CT. MRI was useful to observe soft tissues and was able to identify adnexae of the ocular globe (eyelids, periorbital fat, extraocular muscles, lacrymal and tarsal glands). Although MRI was able to identify all components of the eye (including the posterior chamber), it could not differentiate sclera from choroid and retina. The only nerve identified was the optic nerve. Vessels were not seen in this series of cadaver heads. This study showed that CT and MRI are useful techniques to image the equine orbit and eye that can have clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D'Août
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (IRVU-NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - J F Nisolle
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Mont Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - M Navez
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Mont Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - R Perrin
- Clinique Desbrosse, Saint Lambert des Bois, France
| | - T Launois
- Clinique Desbrosse, Saint Lambert des Bois, France
| | - L Brogniez
- Clinique Desbrosse, Saint Lambert des Bois, France
| | - P Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - F Hontoir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (IRVU-NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - J M Vandeweerd
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Integrated Veterinary Research Unit-Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (IRVU-NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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16
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Manso-Díaz G, Dyson SJ, Dennis R, García-López JM, Biggi M, García-Real MI, San Román F, Taeymans O. Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of equine head disorders: 84 cases (2000-2013). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 56:176-87. [PMID: 25139131 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The equine head is an anatomically complex area, therefore advanced tomographic imaging techniques, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are often required for diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to describe MRI characteristics for a large sample of horses with head disorders. Horses imaged over a period of 13 years were recruited. Eighty-four horses met the inclusion criteria, having neurological (n = 65), sinonasal (n = 14), and soft tissue (n = 5) disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging accurately depicted the anatomy and allowed identification of the primary lesion and associated changes. There were good correlations between MRI findings and intraoperative or postmortem results. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the exact localization of the lesions, their size, and relation to surrounding structures. However, in the neurological group, there were 45 horses with no MRI abnormalities, 29 of which had a history of recurrent seizures, related to cryptogenic epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging was otherwise a valuable diagnostic tool, and can be used for studying a broad range of head disorders using either low-field or high-field magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Manso-Díaz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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17
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Kyllar M, Štembírek J, Putnová I, Stehlík L, Odehnalová S, Buchtová M. Radiography, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Craniofacial Structures in Pig. Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 43:435-52. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kyllar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno Czech Republic
| | - J. Štembírek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic; Veveri 97 602 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Ostrava; 17. listopadu 1790 708 52 Ostrava-Poruba Czech Republic
| | - I. Putnová
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno Czech Republic
| | - L. Stehlík
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging; Small Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Palackeho 1/3 612 42 Brno Czech Republic
| | - S. Odehnalová
- Sevaron s.r.o.; Palackeho 163a 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - M. Buchtová
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic; Veveri 97 602 00 Brno Czech Republic
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging; University of Georgia - College of Veterinary Medicine; Hagyard Equine Medical Institute; Georgia Kentucky USA
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19
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Tessier C, Brühschwein A, Lang J, Konar M, Wilke M, Brehm W, Kircher P. Magnetic resonance imaging features of sinonasal disorders in horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 54:54-60. [PMID: 22994147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of paranasal sinuses and nasal passages in horses can be a diagnostic challenge because of the complex anatomy of the head and limitations of many diagnostic modalities. Our hypothesis was that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging would provide excellent anatomical detail and soft tissue resolution, and would be accurate in the diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passages in horses. Fourteen horses were imaged. Inclusion criteria were lesions located to the sinuses or nasal passages that underwent MR imaging and subsequent surgical intervention and/or histopathologic examination. A low field, 0.3 tesla open magnet was used. Sequences in the standard protocol were fast spin echo T2 sagittal and transverse, spin echo T1 transverse, short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) dorsal, gradient echo 3D T1 MPR dorsal (plain and contrast enhanced), spin echo T1 fatsat (contrast enhanced). Mean scan time to complete the examination was 53 min (range 39-99 min). Lesions identified were primary or secondary sinusitis (six horses), paranasal sinus cyst (four horses), progressive ethmoid hematoma (two horses), and neoplasia (two horses). The most useful sequences were fast spin echo T2 transverse and sagittal, STIR dorsal and FE3D MPR (survey and contrast enhanced). Fluid accumulation, mucosal thickening, presence of encapsulated contents, bone deformation, and thickening were common findings observed in MR imaging. In selected horses, magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool in diagnosing lesions of the paranasal sinuses and nasal passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tessier
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-Alimentaire e tde l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, Equine Surgery, Nantes, France.
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Hagen R. Cross-sectional imaging: the key to anatomy. Vet Rec 2012; 170:17-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regine Hagen
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging; Vetsuisse Faculty Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 260 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of the temporomandibular joint in two normal camels. ANATOMY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2012:242065. [PMID: 22567308 PMCID: PMC3335628 DOI: 10.1155/2012/242065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) image features of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures in two mature dromedary camels were obtained with a third-generation equipment CT and a superconducting magnet RM at 1.5 Tesla. Images were acquired in sagittal and transverse planes. Medical imaging processing with imaging software was applied to obtain postprocessing CT and MR images. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled. The resulting images provided excellent anatomic detail of the TMJ and associated structures. Annotated CT and MR images from this study are intended as an anatomical reference useful in the interpretation for clinical CT and MR imaging studies of the TMJ of the dromedary camels.
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Conchou F, Sautet J, Raharison F, Mogicato G. Magnetic resonance imaging of normal nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in cats. Anat Histol Embryol 2011; 41:60-7. [PMID: 21895743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A detailed description of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in clinically normal cats using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented. The heads of seven normal cats were imaged using a 1.5-T MR unit and two sequences spin echo (SE) T1-weighted and fast spin echo (FSE) T2-weighted. Eighteen relevant MR scans were taken in the transverse (12 scans) and dorsal (six scans) planes. Anatomical structures were identified and labelled using anatomical texts, sectioned specimen heads and previous studies. MR scans revealed the soft-tissue structure of the head. Identified relevant anatomical structures seen on MRI will assist clinicians to better understand MR images and evaluate pathological conditions that affect the nasal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Conchou
- Groupe de Recherches pour Animaux de Compagnie, ENVT, Toulouse, Cedex, France
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23
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Witte S, Mueller POE, Kosarek C, Webb JL, Howerth EW. Collision tumour affecting the paranasal sinuses of a geriatric donkey. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Ehlert A, Ferguson J, Gerlach K. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Normal Bovine Tarsus. Anat Histol Embryol 2011; 40:234-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Schneider A, Tessier C, Gorgas D, Kircher P, Mamani J, Miclard J. Magnetic resonance imaging features of a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumour with ‘ancient’ changes in the tongue of a horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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RODRÍGUEZ MJ, AGUT A, SOLER M, LÓPEZ-ALBORS O, ARREDONDO J, QUEROL M, LATORRE R. Magnetic resonance imaging of the equine temporomandibular joint anatomy. Equine Vet J 2010; 42:200-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Abstract
The importance of correlating anatomical studies with diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in practice has long been recognised. Such studies in the horse have, until recently, lagged behind this discipline in human medicine and surgery. Clinical techniques by which this correlation is achieved include radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This review presents published literature on the subject and, in addition, describes the part played by plastination, a recently developed technique for the preservation of biological specimens. In this, tissue fluids and part of the lipids are replaced by certain polymers yielding specimens that can be handled without gloves, do not smell or decay, and even retain microscopic properties of the original sample. The technique has proved to be a useful tool to correct previously presented anatomical descriptions and is one now favoured by human surgeons. Studies of the horse employing this technique include those of the temporomandibular joint and tarsus. The aim of the review is to stimulate further correlations of anatomical structure and equine medical and surgical procedures, thereby advancing knowledge and understanding in practice and teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Latorre
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
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28
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29
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Tatarniuk DM, Bell C, Carmalt JL. A description of the relationship between the nasomaxillary aperture and the paranasal sinus system of horses. Vet J 2009; 186:216-20. [PMID: 19716733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Disease of the paranasal sinuses of the horse is common and treatment often involves lavage and sometimes surgery. The development of minimally-invasive, sinus-specific treatments, such as balloon sinuplasty, requires a thorough understanding of this complex anatomical region. To improve this understanding, 10 heads from dead horses of various ages were grossly dissected. The heads were transected sagittally and each half was dissected to expose the left and right nasomaxillary apertures and associated structures which were then photographed and measured. Entrances from the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses into the maxillary aperture were found that led to a common exit at the middle nasal meatus. The caudal and rostral maxillary sinuses had their own, completely distinct outlets (entrances into the nasomaxillary aperture). There was no significant effect of side on measured variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane M Tatarniuk
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada SK S7N5B4
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30
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Carslake HB. Suture exostosis causing obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct in three horses. N Z Vet J 2009; 57:229-34. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2009.36907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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PEKARKOVA MARTA, KIRCHER PATRICKR, KONAR MARTIN, LANG JOHANN, TESSIER CAROLINE. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ANATOMY OF THE NORMAL EQUINE LARYNX AND PHARYNX. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2009; 50:392-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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32
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Buczinski S, Fecteau G, Alexander K, Norman-Carmel E. Use of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of upper respiratory obstruction in a calf. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2008; 49:275-9. [PMID: 18390100 DOI: 10.4141/cjas69-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a calf with dyspnea, a mass located dorsal to the pharynx was visualized by ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a severe enlargement of the left medial retropharyngeal lymph node, compatible with an abscess. This is the first reported case of MRI use in bovine upper respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Buczinski
- Département des sciences cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montreal, CP 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec.
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33
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Matiasek K, Cronau M, Schmahl W, Gerhards H. Imaging Features and Decision Making in Retrobulbar Neuroendocrine Tumours in Horses ? Case Report and Review of Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 54:302-6. [PMID: 17650150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 25-year-old Haflinger gelding was evaluated for chronic-progressive unilateral exophthalmos. Ultrasonographic investigation and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a retrobulbar space-occupying mass to be the cause of eyeball displacement. Ultrasonographic features were not sufficient to specify the type and extension of the lesion. Magnetic resonance scans, however, clearly displayed an infiltrative intracranial growth pattern but sparing of orbital soft tissues. Based on MR appearance, tentative diagnosis of an orbital soft tissue neoplasia was made and subsequently confirmed by histopathological investigation. The latter revealed a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumour. Retrospectively, MR changes resembled those seen with neuroendocrine neoplasms of the human skull. Even if histopathology remains to be elucidated by cytological or histological inspection, MR imaging of equine orbital tumours should provide the criteria necessary for evaluating the therapeutic options and associated prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matiasek
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Chair of General Pathology & Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Veterinarstr. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany.
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Gerard MP, Wotman KL, Komáromy AM. Infections of the Head and Ocular Structures in the Horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2006; 22:591-631, x-xi. [PMID: 16882488 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious conditions of the equine head are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Pathogenic bacterial, viral, and fungal organisms may localize in the extensive nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, and guttural pouches, creating a range of clinical signs and conditions that can be severe enough to lead to unexpected fatality. Renewed interest in equine dentistry has led to a greater recognition of dental disease that is associated with infection. This article focuses on bacterial and fungal infections of the main anatomic regions of the equine head, where advances in diagnosis and management have been made or consolidated in recent years. It also addresses recent advances made in the area of infectious equine corneal disease, including bacterial, viral, and fungal etiologies. Recent developments in equine recurrent uveitis as it relates to infectious diseases and ocular manifestations of systemic disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Gerard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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35
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Arencibia A, Rivero MA, Ramírez JA, Gil F, Gutierrez C, Orós J, Latorre R, Vázquez JM. Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal brain in a newborn dromedary camel. Vet J 2005; 168:353-7. [PMID: 15501156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arencibia
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, Arucas, Gran Canaria 35416, Spain.
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Arencibia A, Rivero MA, Gil F, Ramírez JA, Corbera JA, Ramírez G, Vázquez JM. Anatomy of the Cranioencephalic Structures of the Camel (Camelus dromedarius L.) by Imaging Techniques: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Anat Histol Embryol 2005; 34:52-5. [PMID: 15649228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2004.00572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to define the anatomy of the cranioencephalic structures and associated formations in camel using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MR images were acquired in sagittal, transverse and oblique dorsal planes, using spin-echo techniques, a magnet of 1.5 T and a standard human body coil. MR images were compared with corresponding frozen cross-sections of the head. Different anatomic structures were identified and labelled at each level. The resulting images provided excellent soft tissue contrast and anatomic detail of the brain and associated structures of the camel head. Annotated MR images from this study are intended to be a reference for clinical imaging studies of the head of the dromedary camel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arencibia
- Department of Morphology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35416, Spain.
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37
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Probst A, Henninger W, Willmann M. COMMUNICATIONS OF NORMAL NASAL AND PARANASAL CAVITIES IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF HORSES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46:44-8. [PMID: 15693558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heads from 15 male and female horses of various breeds and ages were examined with computed tomography under general anesthesia in dorsal recumbency. The main interest was the evaluation of the entire paranasal sinus system. Special attention was paid to the location, size, and shape of the conchomaxillary, nasomaxillary, frontomaxillary, and sphenopalatinal openings. The frontomaxillary opening was the largest aperture and was found to be age-dependent in size mostly. Orientation and shape of the openings were sagittal or horizontal; the narrowest of them was the slit-like nasomaxillary aperture. The thickness of the vascularized mucous membranes in the nasal cavity was obtained up to 6 mm; the surface was smooth and well defined. The paranasal lining was invisible in computed tomography (CT) images because of its thin layer. CT proved to be a very useful method for documentation of the paranasal openings and for evaluation of the state of the mucous membranes in the nasal and paranasal cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Probst
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria.
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38
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De Rycke LM, Saunders JH, Gielen IM, van Bree HJ, Simoens PJ. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cross-sectional views of the anatomy of normal nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in mesaticephalic dogs. Am J Vet Res 2003; 64:1093-8. [PMID: 13677385 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide a detailed description of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in clinically normal mesaticephalic dogs. ANIMALS 2 clinically normal Belgian Shepherd Dogs that weighed 25 and 35 kg, respectively. PROCEDURE The first dog was anesthetized and positioned in ventral recumbency for CT and MRI examinations, and transverse slices were obtained from the caudal part of the frontal sinuses to the nares. For MRI, T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and proton-density sequences were obtained. The second dog was anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency with the head perpendicular to the table, and CT and MRI examinations were again conducted. At the completion of the MRI examination, each dog received an i.v. injection of heparin and then was euthanatized. A 4% solution of formaldehyde was perfused i.v. immediately after each dog was euthanatized. The skull was prepared, decalcified, embedded with gelatin, and sectioned into 5-mm-thick sections by use of a stainless-steel knife. Each anatomic section was photographed and compared with the corresponding CT and MRI views. RESULTS Structures on the CT and MRI views matched structures on the corresponding anatomic sections. The CT scans provided good anatomic detail of the bony tissues, and MRI scans were superior to CT scans for determining soft-tissue structures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE CT and MRI provide a means for consistent evaluation of all structures of the nasal cavities and frontal sinuses. Both techniques could be useful for evaluation of diseases that affect the nasal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve M De Rycke
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Spoormakers TJP, Ensink JM, Goehring LS, Koeman JP, Ter Braake F, van der Vlugt-Meijer RH, van den Belt AJM. Brain abscesses as a metastatic manifestation of strangles: symptomatology and the use of magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic aid. Equine Vet J 2003; 35:146-51. [PMID: 12638790 DOI: 10.2746/042516403776114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The occurrence of unexpectedly high numbers of horses with neurological signs during two outbreaks of strangles required prompt in-depth researching of these cases, including the exploration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a possible diagnostic technique. OBJECTIVES To describe the case series and assess the usefulness of MRI as an imaging modality for cases suspected of space-occupying lesions in the cerebral cavity. METHODS Four cases suspected of suffering from cerebral damage due to Streptococcus equi subsp. equi infection were examined clinically, pathologically, bacteriologically, by clinical chemistry (3 cases) and MRI (2 cases). In one case, MRI findings were compared to images acquired using computer tomography (CT). RESULTS In all cases, cerebral abscesses positive for Streptococcus equi subsp. equi were found, which explained the clinical signs. Although the lesions could be visualised with CT, MRI images were superior in representing the exact anatomic reality of the soft tissue lesions. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of bastard strangles characterised by metastatic brain abscesses was confirmed. MRI appeared to be an excellent tool for the imaging of cerebral lesions in the horse. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE The high incidence of neurological complications could not be explained but possibly indicated a change in virulence of certain strains of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. MRI images were very detailed, permitting visualisation of much smaller lesions than demonstrated in this study and this could allow prompt clinical intervention in less advanced cases with a better prognosis. Further, MRI could assist in the surgical treatment of brain abscesses, as has been described earlier for CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J P Spoormakers
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Yalelaan 12, PO Box 80153, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ferrell EA, Gavin PR, Tucker RL, Sellon DC, Hines MT. Magnetic resonance for evaluation of neurologic disease in 12 horses. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2002; 43:510-6. [PMID: 12502103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used as a neurodiagnostic modality in the assessment of 12 horses with neurologic disease localized cranial to the foramen magnum. This retrospective study included a mixed population of horse breeds and consisted of three foals and nine adult horses. MR sequences of the head and central nervous system of each horse were acquired. Routine MR sequences included transverse T1 weighted (T1wt), T2 weighted (T2wt), and proton density images. Additional imaging sequences were obtained on a patient-dependent basis. Eight neurologic related diseases were diagnosed. MRI imaging of the horse head is a feasible and valuable neurodiagnostic modality in the assessment of equine neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Ferrell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Arencibia A, Vazquez JM, Ramirez JA, Ramirez G, Vilar JM, Rivero MA, Alayon S, Gil F. Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal equine brain. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2001; 42:405-9. [PMID: 11678560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to define the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of the brain and associated structures of the equine head. MR images were acquired in oblique dorsal (T2-weighted), sagittal (T1-weighted), and transverse planes (T2-weighted), using a magnet of 1.5 Tesla and a human body coil. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled at each level. The resulting images provided excellent anatomic detail of the cranioencephalic structures. Annotated MR images from this study are intended as a reference for clinical imaging studies of the equine head, specially in the diagnosis of brain diseases in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arencibia
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Tucker RL, Farrell E. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the equine head. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2001; 17:131-44, vii. [PMID: 11488040 DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Horses are frequently presented with clinical conditions warranting diagnostic imaging of the head. Unfortunately, evaluation of the equine head can be difficult using conventional radiography. The anatomic complexity and superimposition of the osseous, dental, and soft tissue structures complicate radiographic interpretation and diagnoses. Multiple radiographic projections may be necessary to image specific regions, and side-to-side comparison is often essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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