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Xing L, Ebetino FH, Boeckman RK, Srinivasan V, Tao J, Sawyer TK, Li J, Yao Z, Boyce BF. Targeting anti-cancer agents to bone using bisphosphonates. Bone 2020; 138:115492. [PMID: 32585321 PMCID: PMC8485333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is affected by numerous primary and metastatic solid and hematopoietic malignant tumors, which can cause localized sites of osteolysis or osteosclerosis that can weaken bones and increase the risk of fractures in affected patients. Chemotherapeutic drugs can eliminate some tumors in bones or reduce their volume and skeletal-related events, but adverse effects on non-target organs can significantly limit the amount of drug that can be administered to patients. In these circumstances, it may be impossible to deliver therapeutic drug concentrations to tumor sites in bones. One attractive mechanism to approach this challenge is to conjugate drugs to bisphosphonates, which can target them to bone where they can be released at diseased sites. Multiple attempts have been made to do this since the 1990s with limited degrees of success. Here, we review the results of pre-clinical and clinical studies made to target FDA-approved drugs and other antineoplastic small molecules to bone to treat diseases affecting the skeleton, including osteoporosis, metastatic bone disease, multiple myeloma and osteosarcoma. Results to date are encouraging and indicate that drug efficacy can be increased and side effects reduced using these approaches. Despite these successes, challenges remain: no drugs have gone beyond small phase 2 clinical trials, and major pharmaceutical companies have shown little interest in the approach to repurpose any of their drugs or to embrace the technology. Nevertheless, interest shown by smaller biotechnology companies in the technology suggests that bone-targeting of drugs with bisphosphonates has a viable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Frank H Ebetino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; BioVinc, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Robert K Boeckman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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2
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Wang H, Xiao L, Tao J, Srinivasan V, Boyce BF, Ebetino FH, Oyajobi BO, Boeckman RK, Xing L. Synthesis of a Bone-Targeted Bortezomib with In Vivo Anti-Myeloma Effects in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E154. [PMID: 30201882 PMCID: PMC6161102 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common cancer affecting the bone and bone marrow and remains incurable for most patients; novel therapies are therefore needed. Bortezomib (Btz) is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of patients with MM. However, its severe side effects require a dose reduction or the potential discontinuation of treatment. To overcome this limitation, we conjugated Btz to a bisphosphonate (BP) residue lacking anti-osteoclastic activity using a novel chemical linker and generated a new bone-targeted Btz-based (BP-Btz) proteasome inhibitor. We demonstrated that BP-Btz, but not Btz, bound to bone slices and inhibited the growth of MM cells in vitro. In a mouse model of MM, BP-Btz more effectively reduced tumor burden and bone loss with less systemic side effects than Btz. Thus, BP-Btz may represent a novel therapeutic approach to treat patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 626, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Lifeng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 626, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 626, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - Frank H Ebetino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
- BioVinc, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA.
| | - Babatunde O Oyajobi
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Robert K Boeckman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, P.O. Box 270216, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 626, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0216, USA.
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3
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Thouverey C, Ferrari S, Caverzasio J. Selective inhibition of Src family kinases by SU6656 increases bone mass by uncoupling bone formation from resorption in mice. Bone 2018; 113:95-104. [PMID: 29751129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mice deficient in the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src exhibit high bone mass due to impaired bone resorption and increased bone formation. Although several Src family kinase inhibitors inhibit bone resorption in vivo, they display variable effects on bone formation. SU6656 is a selective Src family kinase inhibitor with weaker activity towards the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Abl and receptor tyrosine kinases which are required for appropriate osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and function. Therefore, we sought to determine whether SU6656 could increase bone mass by inhibiting bone resorption and by stimulating bone formation, and to explore its mechanisms of action. Four-month-old female C57Bl/6J mice received intraperitoneal injections of either 25 mg/kg SU6656 or its vehicle every other day for 12 weeks. SU6656-treated mice exhibited increased bone mineral density, cortical thickness, cancellous bone volume and trabecular thickness. SU6656 inhibited bone resorption in mice as shown by reduced osteoclast number, and diminished expressions of Oscar, Trap5b and CtsK. SU6656 did not affect Rankl or Opg expressions. However, it blocked c-fms signaling, osteoclastogenesis and matrix resorption, and induced osteoclast apoptosis in vitro. In addition, SU6656 stimulated bone formation rates at trabecular, endosteal and periosteal bone envelopes, and increased osteoblast number in trabecular bone. SU6656 did not affect expressions of clastokines favoring bone formation in mice. However, it stimulated osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization by specifically facilitating BMP-SMAD signaling pathway in vitro. Knockdown of Src and Yes mimicked the stimulatory effect of SU6656 on osteoblast differentiation. In conclusion, SU6656 uncouples bone formation from resorption by inhibiting osteoclast development, function and survival, and by enhancing BMP-mediated osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Thouverey
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Caverzasio
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Huang WS, Liu S, Zou D, Thomas M, Wang Y, Zhou T, Romero J, Kohlmann A, Li F, Qi J, Cai L, Dwight TA, Xu Y, Xu R, Dodd R, Toms A, Parillon L, Lu X, Anjum R, Zhang S, Wang F, Keats J, Wardwell SD, Ning Y, Xu Q, Moran LE, Mohemmad QK, Jang HG, Clackson T, Narasimhan NI, Rivera VM, Zhu X, Dalgarno D, Shakespeare WC. Discovery of Brigatinib (AP26113), a Phosphine Oxide-Containing, Potent, Orally Active Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4948-64. [PMID: 27144831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), secondary mutations within the ALK kinase domain have emerged as a major resistance mechanism to both first- and second-generation ALK inhibitors. This report describes the design and synthesis of a series of 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine-based potent and selective ALK inhibitors culminating in identification of the investigational clinical candidate brigatinib. A unique structural feature of brigatinib is a phosphine oxide, an overlooked but novel hydrogen-bond acceptor that drives potency and selectivity in addition to favorable ADME properties. Brigatinib displayed low nanomolar IC50s against native ALK and all tested clinically relevant ALK mutants in both enzyme-based biochemical and cell-based viability assays and demonstrated efficacy in multiple ALK+ xenografts in mice, including Karpas-299 (anaplastic large-cell lymphomas [ALCL]) and H3122 (NSCLC). Brigatinib represents the most clinically advanced phosphine oxide-containing drug candidate to date and is currently being evaluated in a global phase 2 registration trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Huang
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shuangying Liu
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dong Zou
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mathew Thomas
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yihan Wang
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tianjun Zhou
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jan Romero
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anna Kohlmann
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Feng Li
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiwei Qi
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lisi Cai
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy A Dwight
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yongjin Xu
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rongsong Xu
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rory Dodd
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Angela Toms
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lois Parillon
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rana Anjum
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sen Zhang
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Frank Wang
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey Keats
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott D Wardwell
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yaoyu Ning
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qihong Xu
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lauren E Moran
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qurish K Mohemmad
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hyun Gyung Jang
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tim Clackson
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Narayana I Narasimhan
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Victor M Rivera
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaotian Zhu
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David Dalgarno
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William C Shakespeare
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Arisawa M, Yamada T, Tanii S, Kawada Y, Hashimoto H, Yamaguchi M. Rhodium-catalyzed P–P bond exchange reaction of diphosphine disulfides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13580-13583. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07302f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed exchange reaction of diphosphine disulfides, a diphosphine oxide, and a diphosphine is developed. Various symmetric diphosphine disulfides containing alkyl and phenyl groups are exchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Arisawa
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamada
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Saori Tanii
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Yuta Kawada
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hisako Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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6
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Han B, Ma X, Zhao R, Zhang J, Wei X, Liu X, Liu X, Zhang C, Tan C, Jiang Y, Chen Y. Development and experimental test of support vector machines virtual screening method for searching Src inhibitors from large compound libraries. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:139. [PMID: 23173901 PMCID: PMC3538513 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Src plays various roles in tumour progression, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and survival. It is one of the multiple targets of multi-target kinase inhibitors in clinical uses and trials for the treatment of leukemia and other cancers. These successes and appearances of drug resistance in some patients have raised significant interest and efforts in discovering new Src inhibitors. Various in-silico methods have been used in some of these efforts. It is desirable to explore additional in-silico methods, particularly those capable of searching large compound libraries at high yields and reduced false-hit rates. RESULTS We evaluated support vector machines (SVM) as virtual screening tools for searching Src inhibitors from large compound libraries. SVM trained and tested by 1,703 inhibitors and 63,318 putative non-inhibitors correctly identified 93.53%~ 95.01% inhibitors and 99.81%~ 99.90% non-inhibitors in 5-fold cross validation studies. SVM trained by 1,703 inhibitors reported before 2011 and 63,318 putative non-inhibitors correctly identified 70.45% of the 44 inhibitors reported since 2011, and predicted as inhibitors 44,843 (0.33%) of 13.56M PubChem, 1,496 (0.89%) of 168 K MDDR, and 719 (7.73%) of 9,305 MDDR compounds similar to the known inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS SVM showed comparable yield and reduced false hit rates in searching large compound libraries compared to the similarity-based and other machine-learning VS methods developed from the same set of training compounds and molecular descriptors. We tested three virtual hits of the same novel scaffold from in-house chemical libraries not reported as Src inhibitor, one of which showed moderate activity. SVM may be potentially explored for searching Src inhibitors from large compound libraries at low false-hit rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bucong Han
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Guangdong Province, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Computation and Systems Biology, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, E4-04-10, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk S16, Level 8, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk S16, Level 8, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Central Research Institute of China Chemical Science and Technology, 20 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk S16, Level 8, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaona Wei
- Computation and Systems Biology, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, E4-04-10, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk S16, Level 8, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xianghui Liu
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk S16, Level 8, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xin Liu
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk S16, Level 8, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Cunlong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Guangdong Province, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Guangdong Province, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Guangdong Province, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Guangdong Province, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Computation and Systems Biology, Singapore-MIT Alliance, National University of Singapore, E4-04-10, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk S16, Level 8, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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7
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Kohlmann A, Zhu X, Dalgarno D. Application of MM-GB/SA and WaterMap to SRC Kinase Inhibitor Potency Prediction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:94-9. [PMID: 24900440 DOI: 10.1021/ml200222u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
WaterMap and MM-GB/SA scoring methods were applied to an extensive congeneric series of small-molecule SRC inhibitors with high-quality enzyme data and well characterized binding modes to compare the performance of these scoring methods in this data set and to provide insight into the relative strengths of each method. Only minor conformational changes in SRC bound with representative DFG-in class of inhibitors were demonstrated in previous studies; thus, the protein flexibility that normally presents a challenge to pose and potency predictions was minimized in this model system. While WaterMap correctly recognized major trends in the SAR of this series, MM-GB/SA performed better in ranking the relative ligand affinities. The different scoring methods were further analyzed to determine which aspects of series SAR were more amenable to MM-GB/SA than WaterMap scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kohlmann
- Research Technologies, ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xiaotian Zhu
- Research Technologies, ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David Dalgarno
- Research Technologies, ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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8
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Murrills RJ, Fukayama S, Boschelli F, Matteo JJ, Owens J, Golas JM, Patel D, Lane G, Liu YB, Carter L, Jussif J, Spaulding V, Wang YD, Boschelli DH, McKew JC, Li XJ, Lockhead S, Milligan C, Kharode YP, Diesl V, Bai Y, Follettie M, Bex FJ, Komm B, Bodine PVN. Osteogenic effects of a potent Src-over-Abl-selective kinase inhibitor in the mouse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:676-87. [PMID: 22171089 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.185793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Src-null mice have higher bone mass because of decreased bone resorption and increased bone formation, whereas Abl-null mice are osteopenic, because of decreased bone formation. Compound I, a potent inhibitor of Src in an isolated enzyme assay (IC(50) 0.55 nM) and a Src-dependent cell growth assay, with lower activity on equivalent Abl-based assays, potently, but biphasically, accelerated differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to an osteoblast phenotype (1-10 nM). Compound I (≥0.1 nM) also activated osteoblasts and induced bone formation in isolated neonatal mouse calvariae. Compound I required higher concentrations (100 nM) to inhibit differentiation and activity of osteoclasts. Transcriptional profiling (TxP) of calvaria treated with 1 μM compound I revealed down-regulation of osteoclastic genes and up-regulation of matrix genes and genes associated with the osteoblast phenotype, confirming compound I's dual effects on bone resorption and formation. In addition, calvarial TxP implicated calcitonin-related polypeptide, β (β-CGRP) as a potential mediator of compound I's osteogenic effect. In vivo, compound I (1 mg/kg s.c.) increased vertebral trabecular bone volume 21% (microcomputed tomography) in intact female mice. Increased trabecular volume was also detected histologically in a separate bone, the femur, particularly in the secondary spongiosa (100% increase), which underwent a 171% increase in bone formation rate, a 73% increase in mineralizing surface, and a 59% increase in mineral apposition rate. Similar effects were observed in ovariectomized mice with established osteopenia. We conclude that the Src inhibitor compound I is osteogenic, presumably because of its potent stimulation of osteoblast differentiation and activation, possibly mediated by β-CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Murrills
- Department of Osteoporosis and Frailty, Women's Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Wyeth Research, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA.
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9
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Anti-tumor effect in human breast cancer by TAE226, a dual inhibitor for FAK and IGF-IR in vitro and in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1134-46. [PMID: 21338601 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a 125-kDa non-receptor type tyrosine kinase that localizes to focal adhesions. FAK overexpression is frequently found in invasive and metastatic cancers of the breast, colon, thyroid, and prostate, but its role in osteolytic metastasis is not well understood. In this study, we have analyzed anti-tumor effects of the novel FAK Tyr(397) inhibitor TAE226 against bone metastasis in breast cancer by using TAE226. Oral administration of TAE226 in mice significantly decreased bone metastasis and osteoclasts involved which were induced by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and increased the survival rate of the mouse models of bone metastasis. TAE226 also suppressed the growth of subcutaneous tumors in vivo and the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. Significantly, TAE226 inhibited the osteoclast formation in murine pre-osteoclastic RAW264.7 cells, and actin ring and pit formation in mature osteoclasts. Moreover, TAE226 inhibited the receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B Ligand (RANKL) gene expression induced by parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in bone stromal ST2 cells and blood free calcium concentration induced by PTHrP administration in vivo. These findings suggest that FAK was critically involved in osteolytic metastasis and activated in tumors, pre-osteoclasts, mature osteoclasts, and bone stromal cells and TAE226 can be effectively used for the treatment of cancer induced bone metastasis and other bone diseases.
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10
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Allen JG, Fotsch C, Babij P. Emerging Targets in Osteoporosis Disease Modification. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4332-53. [PMID: 20218623 DOI: 10.1021/jm9018756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Allen
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Christopher Fotsch
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Philip Babij
- Metabolic Disorders, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
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11
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Saad F, Lipton A. SRC kinase inhibition: targeting bone metastases and tumor growth in prostate and breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2009; 36:177-84. [PMID: 20015594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancer cells preferentially metastasize to bone, whereupon a complex interaction between metastatic tumor cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts results in the development of bone lesions that cause significant pain and patient morbidity. For patients with bone lesions, the goals of treatment are to decrease tumor growth, prevent further metastases, and inhibit tumor-associated bone pathology. Preclinical data suggest that SRC, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is an important signaling molecule during the processes of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, tumor growth, and metastasis, and that SRC has a role in hormone receptor signaling and resistance. As such, SRC represents a logical target for the treatment of advanced metastatic prostate or breast cancer. SRC-targeting agents, including dasatinib, saracatinib, and bosutinib, are currently in clinical development for patients with solid tumors. Preliminary data from phase 1/2 trials, including tumor responses and bone-specific activity in patients with prostate or breast cancer, demonstrate that SRC inhibitors have potential in the clinical setting. Data arising from ongoing and future clinical trials will confirm whether SRC inhibitors provide clinical benefits for patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Saad
- University of Montreal, CHU Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Sperl B, Seifert MHJ, Berg T. Natural product inhibitors of protein-protein interactions mediated by Src-family SH2 domains. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3305-9. [PMID: 19427202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report the natural products salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and caftaric acid as inhibitors of the protein-protein interactions mediated by the SH2 domains of the Src-family kinases Src and Lck, two established disease targets. Moreover, we propose a binding mode for the inhibitors based on molecular modeling, which will facilitate chemical optimization efforts of these important lead structures for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Sperl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Zhang Q, Guo R, Lu Y, Zhao L, Zhou Q, Schwarz EM, Huang J, Chen D, Jin ZG, Boyce BF, Xing L. VEGF-C, a lymphatic growth factor, is a RANKL target gene in osteoclasts that enhances osteoclastic bone resorption through an autocrine mechanism. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:13491-9. [PMID: 18359770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708055200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, but they also secrete and respond to cytokines. Here, we test the hypothesis that osteoclasts secrete the lymphatic growth factor, VEGF-C, to increase their resorptive activity. Osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors were generated by culturing splenocytes with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL from wild-type, NF-kappaBp50(-/-)/p52(-/-), and Src(-/-) mice. Expression of VEGFs was measured by real time reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining. The effect of VEGF-C signaling on osteoclast function was determined by osteoclastogenesis and pit assays. RANKL increased the expression of VEGF-C but not of other VEGFs in osteoclasts and their precursors. RANKL-induced VEGF-C expression was reduced in NF-kappaBp50(-/-)/p52(-/-) precursors or wild-type cells treated with an NF-kappaB inhibitor. VEGF-C directly stimulated RANKL-mediated bone resorption, which was reduced by the VEGF-C-specific receptor blocker, VEGFR3:Fc. Osteoclasts express VEGFR3, and VEGF-C stimulated Src phosphorylation in osteoclasts. VEGF-C-mediated bone resorption was abolished in Src(-/-) osteoclasts or cells treated with an Src inhibitor. We conclude that RANKL stimulates osteoclasts and their precursors to release VEGF-C through an NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism, indicating that VEGF-C is a new RANKL target gene in osteoclasts and functions as an autocrine factor regulating osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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