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D’Angelo A, Vitiello L, Lixi F, Abbinante G, Coppola A, Gagliardi V, Pellegrino A, Giannaccare G. Optic Nerve Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2214. [PMID: 38673487 PMCID: PMC11050811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have been interested in neuroprotective therapies as a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy to treat neurodegenerative disorders by shielding the brain system from harmful events. Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from glaucoma, an ocular neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual excavation of the optic nerve head, retinal axonal damage, and consequent visual loss. The pathology's molecular cause is still mostly unknown, and the current treatments are not able to alter the disease's natural progression. Thus, the modern approach to treating glaucoma consists of prescribing medications with neuroprotective properties, in line with the treatment strategy suggested for other neurodegenerative diseases. For this reason, several naturally derived compounds, including nicotinamide and citicoline, have been studied throughout time to try to improve glaucoma management by exploiting their neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this review is to examine the naturally derived compounds that are currently utilized in clinical practice for neuroprotection in glaucomatous patients based on scientific data, emphasizing these compounds' pivotal mechanism of action as well as their proven therapeutic and neuroprotective benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D’Angelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy;
| | - Livio Vitiello
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Filippo Lixi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy; (F.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Abbinante
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Coppola
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Gagliardi
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Alfonso Pellegrino
- Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy; (G.A.); (A.C.); (V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy; (F.L.); (G.G.)
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Deng H, Yue H, Ruan R, Ye H, Li Z, Li C. Dietary Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Improves Nonspecific Immune Response of Chinese Rice Field Eel ( Monopterus albus). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:6512136. [PMID: 38023985 PMCID: PMC10673671 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6512136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been recognized as a potential additive for aquafeeds due to its beneficial biological functions. In order to evaluate the potential application of EGCG in Chinese rice field eel (Monopterus albus), six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EGCG were formulated and were fed to Monopterus albus (M. albus) for 9 weeks. The results showed that M. albus fed diets containing 0 and 100 mg/kg EGCG presented higher weight again and specific growth rate than the other groups. Fish fed with 25, 50, and 400 mg/kg EGCG displayed lower whole-body lipid content. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration significantly decreased in EGCG treated groups with the exception of 100 mg/kg group. Hepatic catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) concentration decreased as EGCG level increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration showed an opposite trend. EGCG supplementation resulted in a promoted lysozyme (LZM) activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM) level in the liver of M. albus. Furthermore, transcription of three immune related genes including major histocompatibility complex (mhc-2α), hepcidin, and interleukin-8 (il-8) mRNAs was upregulated by EGCG treatment; while transcription of interleukin-6 (il-6) and nuclear factor kappa-B (nf-kb) genes was downregulated. Results also showed a linear relation between EGCG inclusion level and parameters of AST, CAT, GSH, MDA, LZM, IgM, and immune-related genes transcriptions. In summary, it could be suggested that EGCG supplementation enhanced the nonspecific immune response of the Chinese rice field eel. Based on the broken-line regression analysis of IgM, the optimal dietary EGCG supplementation for M. albus was estimated to be 109.81 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Deng
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huamei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Rui Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Chuangju Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
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Majrashi TA, Alshehri SA, Alsayari A, Muhsinah AB, Alrouji M, Alshahrani AM, Shamsi A, Atiya A. Insight into the Biological Roles and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Different Types of Cancer: Targeting Cancer Therapeutics. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071704. [PMID: 37049544 PMCID: PMC10097354 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a hard-to-treat disease with a high reoccurrence rate that affects health and lives globally. The condition has a high occurrence rate and is the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular disorders. Increased research and more profound knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to the disease’s onset and progression have led to drug discovery and development. Various drugs are on the market against cancer; however, the drugs face challenges of chemoresistance. The other major problem is the side effects of these drugs. Therefore, using complementary and additional medicines from natural sources is the best strategy to overcome these issues. The naturally occurring phytochemicals are a vast source of novel drugs against various ailments. The modes of action by which phytochemicals show their anti-cancer effects can be the induction of apoptosis, the onset of cell cycle arrest, kinase inhibition, and the blocking of carcinogens. This review aims to describe different phytochemicals, their classification, the role of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents, the mode of action of phytochemicals, and their role in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed A. Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alrouji
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma M. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Pan S, Yan X, Li T, Suo X, Liu H, Tan B, Huang W, Yang Y, Zhang H, Dong X. Impacts of tea polyphenols on growth, antioxidant capacity and immunity in juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) fed high-lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:348-359. [PMID: 35963561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The experiment aimed to investigate the alteration of tea polyphenols (TP) in growth and immunity for hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) fed high-lipid diets. Six concentrations of TP (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16%, named TP1 (basic diet control), TP2, TP3, TP4, TP5, TP6) were supplied in isonitrogenous (51%) and isolipidic (16.7%) experimental diets. These diets were fed to the juvenile grouper (8.68 ± 0.22 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary TP significantly increased the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. The protein efficiency ratio in TP4 group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). TP supplement in high-lipid diets increased antioxidant capacity in the serum (CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC) and liver (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC). Additionally, dietary TP decreased oxidative stress (ROS, MDA) and improved immunity (ACP, AKP, LYS, IgM) in the liver. The histology of hepatic tissue indicated that dietary TP alleviated pathological symptoms caused by high-lipid diets. Compared with the control group, appropriate dietary TP significantly up-regulated expression of sod, cat, gsh-px, nrf2, keap1, hsp70, hsp90, myd88, tnfα and down-regulated expression of tlr22, il8, il1β, il10 in the liver (P < 0.05). In the head kidney, expression of myd88, il1β, tnfα and il6 were significantly up-regulated and expression of tlr22 and il10 were significantly down-regulated by dietary TP (P < 0.05). After the challenge of Vibrio harveyi, survival rate in higher doses of TP group (TP4 ∼ TP6) was evidently higher, compared with the control group. In conclusion, TP supplement in high-lipid diets improved antioxidant capacity and enhanced immunity of grouper. We speculate that TP may play the role of an immunostimulant, enhancing immunity and disease resistance by cytokine-medicated immune responses. Based on the second-order regression, 0.092-0.106% tea polyphenols were recommended in juvenile grouper high-lipid diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Pan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiaobo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiangxiang Suo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China.
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Sugita Y, Furukawa T. Effect of Green Tea and Tea Catechin on the Visual Motion Processing for Optokinetic Responses in Mice. Neuroscience 2022; 501:42-51. [PMID: 35987428 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In general, catechins contained in green tea are believed to have positive effects on the human body and mental health. The intake of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol in green tea, is known to be effective for retinal protection; however, whether green tea and/or EGCG affect visual function remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of green tea and EGCG on visual motion processing by measuring optokinetic responses (OKRs) in young adult and aging mice. Young and aging mice (C57BL6/J) were fed a control diet (control) or the test diet, which contained matcha green tea powder or green tea extract (dried sencha green tea infusion), for 1 month, and their OKRs were measured. They were then intraperitoneally administered saline (control) or EGCG, and OKRs were measured. We found that the OKRs of young and aging mice after green tea intake and after EGCG administration showed higher temporal sensitivity than those of control mice. The visual ability to detect moving objects was enhanced in young and aging mice upon intake of green tea or EGCG. From the above results, the visual motion processing for optokinetic responses by ingesting green tea was enhanced, which may be related to the effect of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sugita
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Talib WH, Daoud S, Mahmod AI, Hamed RA, Awajan D, Abuarab SF, Odeh LH, Khater S, Al Kury LT. Plants as a Source of Anticancer Agents: From Bench to Bedside. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154818. [PMID: 35956766 PMCID: PMC9369847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Conventional anticancer therapies are associated with lack of selectivity and serious side effects. Cancer hallmarks are biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells during neoplastic transformation. Targeting multiple cancer hallmarks is a promising strategy to treat cancer. The diversity in chemical structure and the relatively low toxicity make plant-derived natural products a promising source for the development of new and more effective anticancer therapies that have the capacity to target multiple hallmarks in cancer. In this review, we discussed the anticancer activities of ten natural products extracted from plants. The majority of these products inhibit cancer by targeting multiple cancer hallmarks, and many of these chemicals have reached clinical applications. Studies discussed in this review provide a solid ground for researchers and physicians to design more effective combination anticancer therapies using plant-derived natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (R.A.H.); (D.A.); (S.F.A.); (L.H.O.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Safa Daoud
- Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (R.A.H.); (D.A.); (S.F.A.); (L.H.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Reem Ali Hamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (R.A.H.); (D.A.); (S.F.A.); (L.H.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Dima Awajan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (R.A.H.); (D.A.); (S.F.A.); (L.H.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Sara Feras Abuarab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (R.A.H.); (D.A.); (S.F.A.); (L.H.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Lena Hisham Odeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (R.A.H.); (D.A.); (S.F.A.); (L.H.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Samar Khater
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (A.I.M.); (R.A.H.); (D.A.); (S.F.A.); (L.H.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Lina T. Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates;
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In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of the Inhibitory Activity of EGCG-Stearate against Herpes Simplex Virus-2. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071462. [PMID: 35889181 PMCID: PMC9315604 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
About half a billion people worldwide are infected with herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). Prolonged treatment with acyclovir (ACV) and its analogs leads to the development of resistant strains. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral potential of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from Camellia sinensis and a stable analog EGCG-stearate (EGCG-S) against HSV-2 in cultured Vero cells. Cell viability and cell proliferation assays were used to determine the non-cytotoxic concentrations on cultured Vero cells. HSV-2 with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein of VP26 virions were treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of EGCG and EGCG-S. The effects on infectivity and mechanisms were determined by plaque assay, attachment and penetration assays, confocal microscopy, qPCR, and in silico modeling analysis. Our results demonstrate that treatment of HSV-2 virions with EGCG and EGCG-S at a concentration of 75 µM showed greater than 99.9% inhibition by inhibiting the attachment of HSV-2 virions to host cells. The bioinformatic analysis indicated high binding affinity of EGCG-S for glycoprotein D; thus EGCG-S may block fusion of HSV-2 and the cell membrane, preventing entry of HSV-2 into the cell.
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Xia S, Ou K, Zhang S, Huang J, Fang L, Wang C, Wang Q. EGCG exposure during pregnancy affects uterine histomorphology in F1 female mice and the underlying mechanisms. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113306. [PMID: 35863485 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, has been shown to have many benefits, the effect of EGCG exposure in utero on adult uterine development is unclear. In this study, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 1 mg/kg body weight (bw) EGCG dissolved in drinking water from gestational days 0.5-16.5. A significant decrease in uterine weight was observed in the adult female mice, accompanied by uterine atrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis in the endometrium. Uterine atrophy was attributed to the thinning of the endometrial stromal layer and a significant reduction in endometrial cell proliferation. The expression levels of related proteins in the NF-κB and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways were significantly increased, which might be responsible for the occurrence of inflammation. Activation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway might be involved in the development of endometrial fibrosis. The changes in the expression of estrogen receptor α, β (ERα, ERβ), progesterone receptor (PGR), and androgen receptor (AR) might lead to changes in the aforementioned signaling pathways. The promoter region methylation level of Esr2 was increased, and the expression of DNMT3A was evaluated. Our study indicates a risk of EGCG intake during pregnancy affecting uterine development in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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Lubov JE, Jamison AS, Baltich Nelson B, Amudzi AA, Haas KN, Richmond JM. Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:802624. [PMID: 35431950 PMCID: PMC9008762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.802624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a group of autoimmune connective tissue disorders that significantly impact quality of life. Current treatment approaches typically use antimalarial medications, though patients may become recalcitrant. Other treatment options include general immunosuppressants, highlighting the need for more and more targeted treatment options. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify potential compounds that could be repurposed for CLE from natural products since many rheumatologic drugs are derived from natural products, including antimalarials. This study was registered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (registration number CRD42021251048). We comprehensively searched Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from inception to April 27th, 2021. These terms included cutaneous lupus erythematosus; general plant, fungus, bacteria terminology; selected plants and plant-derived products; selected antimalarials; and JAK inhibitors. Our search yielded 13,970 studies, of which 1,362 were duplicates. We screened 12,608 abstracts, found 12,043 to be irrelevant, and assessed 565 full-text studies for eligibility. Of these, 506 were excluded, and 59 studies were included in the data extraction. The ROBINS-I risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess studies that met our inclusion criteria. According to our findings, several natural compounds do reduce inflammation in lupus and other autoimmune skin diseases in studies using in vitro methods, mouse models, and clinical observational studies, along with a few randomized clinical trials. Our study has cataloged evidence in support of potential natural compounds and plant extracts that could serve as novel sources of active ingredients for the treatment of CLE. It is imperative that further studies in mice and humans are conducted to validate these findings. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=251048.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E. Lubov
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Janet E. Lubov, ; Jillian M. Richmond,
| | - Aisha S. Jamison
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States
| | | | - Alice A. Amudzi
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kelly N. Haas
- Department of Microbiology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jillian M. Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Janet E. Lubov, ; Jillian M. Richmond,
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The combined effect of green tea and α-glucosyl hesperidin in preventing obesity: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19067. [PMID: 34561541 PMCID: PMC8463579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea, a widely consumed beverage in Asia, contains green tea catechins effective against obesity, especially epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), but must be consumed in an impractically huge amount daily to elicit its biological effect. Meanwhile, citrus polyphenols have various physiological effects that could enhance EGCG functionality. Here we investigated the antiobesity effect of a combination of EGCG and α-glucosyl hesperidin, a citrus polyphenol, at doses that have not been previously reported to exert antiobesity effects by themselves in any clinical trial. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and parallel-group-designed clinical trial, 60 healthy Japanese males and females aged 30-75 years consumed green tea combined with α-glucosyl hesperidin (GT-gH), which contained 178 mg α-glucosyl hesperidin and 146 mg EGCG, for 12 weeks. Physical, hematological, blood biochemical, and urine examinations showed that GT-gH is safe to use. At week 12, GT-gH prevented weight gain and reduced body mass index (BMI) compared with the placebo. Especially in those aged < 50 years, triglyceride and body fat percentage decreased at week 6, visceral fat level and body fat percentage decreased at week 12; body weight, BMI, and blood LDL/HDL ratio also decreased. In conclusion, taking GT-gH prevents weight gain, and the antiobesity effect of GT-gH was more pronounced in people aged < 50 years.
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11
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Non-drug interventions in glaucoma: Putative roles for lifestyle, diet and nutritional supplements. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:675-696. [PMID: 34563531 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a major ocular neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cells degeneration and sight loss. Current treatment options have been limited to reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), known as the leading risk factor for this disease; however, glaucoma can develop even with low or normal IOP and progress despite controlling IOP values. Lifestyle, dietary habits, and supplementation may influence some of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying glaucoma development and progression; thus, the role of this complementary and alternative medicine in glaucoma has received great interest from both patients and ophthalmologists. We provide a summary of the current evidence concerning the relationship between lifestyle, dietary habits, and effects of supplements on the incidence and progression of glaucoma and their targets and associated mechanisms. The data suggest the existence of a therapeutic potential that needs to be further explored with both preclinical and rigorous clinical studies.
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12
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George BP, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Chemoprevention: Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091455. [PMID: 34573087 PMCID: PMC8466984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a condition where the body cells multiply in an uncontrollable manner. Chemoprevention of cancer is a broad term that describes the involvement of external agents to slow down or suppress cancer growth. Synthetic and natural compounds are found useful in cancer chemoprevention. The occurrence of global cancer type varies, depending on many factors such as environmental, lifestyle, genetic etc. Cancer is often preventable in developed countries with advanced treatment modalities, whereas it is a painful death sentence in developing and low-income countries due to the lack of modern therapies and awareness. One best practice to identify cancer control measures is to study the origin and risk factors associated with common types. Based on these factors and the health status of patients, stage, and severity of cancer, type of treatment is decided. Even though there are well-established therapies, cancer still stands as one of the major causes of death and a public health burden globally. Research shows that most cancers can be prevented, treated, or the incidence can be delayed. Phytochemicals from various medicinal plants were reported to reduce various risk factors associated with different types of cancer through their chemopreventive role. This review highlights the role of bioactive compounds or natural products from plants in the chemoprevention of cancer. There are many plant based dietary factors involved in the chemoprevention process. The review discusses the process of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention using plants and phytocompounds, with special reference to five major chemopreventive phytocompounds. The article also summarizes the important chemopreventive mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in the process. Since the role of antioxidants in chemoprevention is inevitable, an insight into plant-based antioxidant compounds that fight against this dreadful disease at various stages of carcinogenesis and disease progression is discussed. This will fill the research gap in search of chemopreventive natural compounds and encourage scientists in clinical trials of anticancer agents from plants.
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Truong VL, Jeong WS. Cellular Defensive Mechanisms of Tea Polyphenols: Structure-Activity Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179109. [PMID: 34502017 PMCID: PMC8430757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is particularly rich in polyphenols, including catechins and theaflavins, thearubigins, flavonols, and phenolic acids, which are believed to contribute to the health benefits of tea. The health-promoting effects of tea polyphenols are believed to be related to their cellular defensive properties. This review is intended to briefly summarize the relationship between the chemical structures of tea polyphenols and their biological activities. Tea polyphenols appear as direct antioxidants by scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species; chelating transition metals; and inhibiting lipid, protein, and DNA oxidations. They also act directly by suppressing “pro-oxidant” enzymes, inducing endogenous antioxidants, and cooperating with vitamins. Moreover, tea polyphenols regulate cellular signaling transduction pathways, importantly contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases and the promotion of physiological functions. Apparently, the features in the chemical structures of tea polyphenols are closely associated with their antioxidant potentials.
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Wang S, Li Z, Ma Y, Liu Y, Lin CC, Li S, Zhan J, Ho CT. Immunomodulatory Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123755. [PMID: 34203004 PMCID: PMC8234133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea and its bioactive components, especially polyphenols, possess many health-promoting and disease-preventing benefits, especially anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and metabolic modulation effects with multi-target modes of action. However, the effect of tea polyphenols on immune function has not been well studied. Moreover, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating immunoregulation are not well understood. This review summarizes the recent studies on the immune-potentiating effects and corresponding mechanisms of tea polyphenols, especially the main components of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). In addition, the benefits towards immune-related diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, cutaneous-related immune diseases, and obesity-related immune diseases, have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yuting Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.-T.H.)
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (S.W.); (Z.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.-T.H.)
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Dehydroascorbic Acid Affects the Stability of Catechins by Forming Conjunctions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184076. [PMID: 32906587 PMCID: PMC7570458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tea catechins in green tea and green tea beverages must be stable to deliver good sensory quality and healthy benefits, they are always unstable during processing and storage. Ascorbic acid (AA) is often used to protect catechins in green tea beverages, and AA is easily oxidized to form dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA). However, the function of DHAA on the stability of catechins is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of DHAA on the stability of catechins and clarify the mechanism of effects by conducting a series of experiments that incubate DHAA with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or catechins. Results showed that DHAA had a dual function on EGCG stability, protecting its stability by inhibiting hydrolysis and promoting EGCG consumption by forming ascorbyl adducts. DHAA also reacted with (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) to form ascorbyl adducts, which destabilized them. After 9 h of reaction with DHAA, the depletion rates of EGCG, ECG, EC, and EGC were 30.08%, 22.78%, 21.45%, and 13.55%, respectively. The ability of DHAA to promote catechins depletion went from high to low: EGCG, ECG, EGC, and EC. The results are important for the processing and storage of tea and tea beverages, as well as the general exploration of synergistic functions of AA and catechins.
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Dual effects of ascorbic acid on the stability of EGCG by the oxidation product dehydroascorbic acid promoting the oxidation and inhibiting the hydrolysis pathway. Food Chem 2020; 337:127639. [PMID: 32799157 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of incubation systems of pure (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) at 80 °C were performed to investigated the effect and mechanism of AA on the stability of EGCG. Results shows the dual function of AA, protect action at low concentration and promoting degradation at high concentration, and the critical concentration is about 10 mmol/L. The protective properties of AA due to the reversible reaction from AA to DHAA inhibiting oxidation pathway of EGCG to EGCG quinone or other activated intermediates, and both AA and DHAA can inhibit the hydrolysis of EGCG. The properties of promoting degradation is mainly due to the fact that DHAA, the oxidation product of AA, can react with EGCG to generate some ascorbyl adducts of EGCG. This result is helpful to control the stability of catechins and further clarify the complex interaction on healthy between EGCG and AA.
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17
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Shi M, Ying DY, Ye JH, Sanguansri L, Augustin MA. Broccoli byproducts for protection and co-delivery of EGCG and tuna oil. Food Chem 2020; 326:126963. [PMID: 32413754 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neat epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has low bioavailability and tuna oil (TO) is prone to oxidation. Broccoli byproducts (BBP) were used for preparing TO-BBP (25% oil, dry basis) and TO-EGCG-BBP (20% oil and 20% EGCG, dry basis) powders. The gross composition and surface fat of powders and morphology of reconstituted emulsions were characterized. Oxipres® data (80 °C, 5 bar oxygen pressure) showed that the TO-EGCG-BBP formulation was more oxidatively stable [Induction period (IP) > 100 h] than TO-BBP (IP ~ 20 h). During in vitro digestion, 90% of EGCG was recovered in the whole intestinal digesta of the TO-EGCG-BBP formulation compared to 76% for the EGCG-BBP formulation and 66% for the neat EGCG. The use of BBP for co-delivering EGCG and TO increases oxidative stability of TO and improves EGCG stability during in vitro digestion. This study highlights the potential for formulating functional ingredient with BBP and contribute to food waste reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Yang Ying
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Luz Sanguansri
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
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18
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Fink AF, Ciliberti G, Popp R, Sirait-Fischer E, Frank AC, Fleming I, Sekar D, Weigert A, Brüne B. IL27Rα Deficiency Alters Endothelial Cell Function and Subverts Tumor Angiogenesis in Mammary Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1022. [PMID: 31637217 PMCID: PMC6787910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-27 regulates inflammatory diseases by exerting a pleiotropic impact on immune cells. In cancer, IL-27 restricts tumor growth by acting on tumor cells directly, while its role in the tumor microenvironment is still controversially discussed. To explore IL-27 signaling in the tumor stroma, we used a mammary carcinoma syngraft approach in IL27Rα-deficient mice. Tumor growth in animals lacking IL27Rα was markedly reduced. We noticed a decrease in immune cell infiltrates, enhanced tumor cell death, and fibroblast accumulation. However, most striking changes pertain the tumor vasculature. Tumors in IL27Rα-deficient mice were unable to form functional vessels. Blocking IL-27-STAT1 signaling in endothelial cells in vitro provoked an overshooting migration/sprouting of endothelial cells. Apparently, the lack of the IL-27 receptor caused endothelial cell hyper-activation via STAT1 that limited vessel maturation. Our data reveal a so far unappreciated role of IL-27 in endothelial cells with importance in pathological vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika F Fink
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Giorgia Ciliberti
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Evelyn Sirait-Fischer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Frank
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Divya Sekar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Shi M, Ying DY, Hlaing MM, Ye JH, Sanguansri L, Augustin MA. Development of broccoli by-products as carriers for delivering EGCG. Food Chem 2019; 301:125301. [PMID: 31387032 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel delivery systems for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were developed using broccoli by-products and their fractions as carriers. Puree and pomace from broccoli by-products had higher adsorption capacities for EGCG than juice at 25 °C (43.20 mg g-1, 39.47 mg g-1 and 25.22 mg g-1 dry weight for pomace, puree and juice respectively). Chemical sorption is the rate-controlling step for EGCG-broccoli interactions. Langmuir and Freundlich models well described the adsorption of EGCG onto puree and pomace. FTIR results indicated that EGCG-puree had stronger interaction than EGCG-pomace. When the same level of EGCG (∼26 mg) was added to different matrices, more EGCG (∼20%) was recovered from the in vitro digestion system of EGCG-loaded puree than from the EGCG-loaded pomace (14%) and neat EGCG (9%). The antioxidant capacity of the whole digesta was positively correlated with the EGCG levels. Broccoli by-products are promising carriers for delivering and stabilizing EGCG through gastrointestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Yang Ying
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Mya Myintzu Hlaing
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Luz Sanguansri
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
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In Silico Investigation of the Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071445. [PMID: 30979098 PMCID: PMC6480119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The EGCG, an important component of polyphenol in green tea, is well known due to its numerous health benefits. We employed the reverse docking method for the identification of the putative targets of EGCG in the anti-tumor target protein database and these targets were further uploaded to public databases in order to understand the underlying pharmacological mechanisms and search for novel EGCG-associated targets. Similarly, the pharmacological linkage between tumor-related proteins and EGCG was manually constructed in order to provide greater insight into the molecular mechanisms through a systematic integration with applicable bioinformatics. The results indicated that the anti-tumor mechanisms of EGCG may involve 12 signaling transduction pathways and 33 vital target proteins. Moreover, we also discovered four novel putative target proteins of EGCG, including IKBKB, KRAS, WEE1 and NTRK1, which are significantly related to tumorigenesis. In conclusion, this work may provide a useful perspective that will improve our understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of EGCG and identify novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Radhakrishnan R, Pooja D, Kulhari H, Gudem S, Ravuri HG, Bhargava S, Ramakrishna S. Bombesin conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles for improved delivery of epigallocatechin gallate for breast cancer treatment. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 224:104770. [PMID: 30965023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) is a potent anti-cancer therapeutic which effectively controls the growth of cancerous cells through a variety of different pathways. However, its molecular structure is susceptible to modifications due to cellular enzymes affecting its stability, bioavailability and hence, overall efficiency. In this study, we have initially encapsulated EGCG in the matrix of solid lipid nanoparticles to provide a stable drug carrier. To confer additional specificity towards gastrin releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) overexpressed in breast cancer, EGCG loaded nanoparticles were conjugated with a GRPR-specific peptide. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the peptide-conjugated formulations possessed greater cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines compared to the non-conjugated formulations. Further, in-vivo studies performed on C57/BL6 mice showed greater survivability and reduction in tumour volume in mice treated with peptide-conjugated formulation as compared to the mice treated with non-conjugated formulation or with plain EGCG. These results warrant the potential of the system designed in this study as a novel and effective drug delivery system in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Radhakrishnan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deep Pooja
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sagarika Gudem
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Halley Gora Ravuri
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Bhargava
- IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sistla Ramakrishna
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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22
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Hamed FN, McDonagh AJG, Almaghrabi S, Bakri Y, Messenger AG, Tazi-Ahnini R. Epigallocatechin-3 Gallate Inhibits STAT-1/JAK2/IRF-1/HLA-DR/HLA-B and Reduces CD8 MKG2D Lymphocytes of Alopecia Areata Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122882. [PMID: 30558329 PMCID: PMC6313664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is associated with Interferon- γ (IFN-γ) mediated T-lymphocyte dysfunction and increased circulating Interleukine-17 (IL-17) levels. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) specifically inhibits IFN-γ pathways and unlike Janus Kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1/JAK2) inhibitors (tofacitinib, ruxolitinib), EGCG is safer, more cost-effective, and is a topically active agent. Our objective is to test the mode of action of EGCG in vitro and ex vivo using HaCat, Jurkat cell lines, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AA patients and healthy controls (HCs), respectively. METHODS distribution of T helper cells (Th1, Th17), and cytotoxic cells (CD8) in PBMCs isolated from 30 AA patients and 30 HCs was investigated by flowcytomterty. In vitro treatment of HaCat and Jurkat cells with 40 μm EGCG for 48 h was performed to measure the level of phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription protein STAT1, and replicated in ex vivo model using PBMCs of AA patients. RESULTS Interestingly, 40 μm EGCG is capable of completely inhibiting phosphorylation of STAT1 after 48 h in HaCat and Jurkat cells and ex vivo in PBMCs of AA patients. Based on QPCR data, the action of EGCG on p-STAT1 seems to be mediated via downregulation of the expression of JAK2 but not JAK1 leading to the inhibition of human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DR and HLA-B) expression probably via IRF-1. On the other hand, AA patients have significantly increased levels of Th1, Th17, and CD8 cells and the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 by PBMCs in AA patients was significantly higher compared to HC; p = 0.008 and p = 0.006, respectively. Total numbers of CD8+ cells were not significantly different between treated and untreated samples. However, CD8+ cells with positive Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) transmembrane receptor (CD8+ NKG2D+ subset) was significantly reduced when PBMCs were treated with 20 μm EGCG for 48 h. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EGCG has a synergistic action that inhibits expression of HLA-DR and HLA-B molecules via the IFN-γ pathway to maintain immune privilege in HF; also it reduces CD8+ NKG2D+ subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma N Hamed
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Andrew J G McDonagh
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Sarah Almaghrabi
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratoire de Biologie de Pathologies Humaines, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V Rabat, Rabat B.P:8007.N.U, Morocco.
| | - Andrew G Messenger
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Rachid Tazi-Ahnini
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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Shi M, Shi YL, Li XM, Yang R, Cai ZY, Li QS, Ma SC, Ye JH, Lu JL, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Food-grade Encapsulation Systems for (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate. Molecules 2018; 23:E445. [PMID: 29462972 PMCID: PMC6017944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has attracted significant research interest due to its health-promoting effects such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities. However, its instability and poor bioavailability have largely limited its efficacy and application. Food-grade materials such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids show biodegradability, biocompatibility and biofunctionality properties. Food-grade encapsulation systems are usually used to improve the bioavailability of EGCG. In the present paper, we provide an overview of materials and techniques used in encapsulating EGCG, in which the adsorption mechanisms of food-grade systems during in vitro digestion are reviewed. Moreover, the potential challenges and future work using food-grade encapsulates for delivering EGCG are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yun-Long Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xu-Min Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhuo-Yu Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shi-Cheng Ma
- Liupao Tea Academy, Wuzhou 543003, Guangxi, China. .
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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EGCG protects against homocysteine-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic signaling and PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathways. Apoptosis 2017; 22:672-680. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Radhakrishnan R, Kulhari H, Pooja D, Gudem S, Bhargava S, Shukla R, Sistla R. Encapsulation of biophenolic phytochemical EGCG within lipid nanoparticles enhances its stability and cytotoxicity against cancer. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 198:51-60. [PMID: 27234272 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenolic catechin, has been known to possess a variety of beneficial biological activities. The in-vitro anti-cancer activity of EGCG is well documented. However, the use of EGCG in modern therapeutics is limited due to its poor bioavailability and limited stability at physiological pH. In this study, we have investigated the stability profiles of EGCG in aqueous solutions using UV-vis spectroscopy. Stability results showed very low stability profile of EGCG at physiological pH with rapid degradation under alkaline conditions. Therefore, we have encapsulated EGCG in solid lipid nanoparticles to increase its stability and evaluated for anticancer activity. The lipid core of nanoparticles not only provides an additional structural reinforcement to the nanoparticle assembly, but also makes it biologically compatible, thereby enabling a stealth vehicle for efficient drug delivery. EGCG loaded nanoparticles (EGCG-SLN) were characterized using dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. EGCG and EGCG-SLN were evaluated for their anticancer activities by cellular proliferation. The cytotoxicity of EGCG-SLN was found to be 8.1 times higher against MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells and 3.8 times higher against DU-145 human prostate cancer cells than that of the pure EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Radhakrishnan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sagarika Gudem
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suresh Bhargava
- IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ravi Shukla
- IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
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Casey SC, Amedei A, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Benencia F, Bhakta D, Bilsland AE, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Crawford S, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Heneberg P, Honoki K, Keith WN, Kerkar SP, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Nowsheen S, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Samadi A, Singh N, Talib WH, Venkateswaran V, Whelan RL, Yang X, Felsher DW. Cancer prevention and therapy through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S199-S223. [PMID: 25865775 PMCID: PMC4930000 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer arises in the context of an in vivo tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment is both a cause and consequence of tumorigenesis. Tumor and host cells co-evolve dynamically through indirect and direct cellular interactions, eliciting multiscale effects on many biological programs, including cellular proliferation, growth, and metabolism, as well as angiogenesis and hypoxia and innate and adaptive immunity. Here we highlight specific biological processes that could be exploited as targets for the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, we describe how inhibition of targets such as cholesterol synthesis and metabolites, reactive oxygen species and hypoxia, macrophage activation and conversion, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulation of dendritic cells, vascular endothelial growth factor regulation of angiogenesis, fibrosis inhibition, endoglin, and Janus kinase signaling emerge as examples of important potential nexuses in the regulation of tumorigenesis and the tumor microenvironment that can be targeted. We have also identified therapeutic agents as approaches, in particular natural products such as berberine, resveratrol, onionin A, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, curcumin, naringenin, desoxyrhapontigenin, piperine, and zerumbone, that may warrant further investigation to target the tumor microenvironment for the treatment and/or prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Fabian Benencia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan E Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Crawford
- Department of Biology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign-Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sid P Kerkar
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | | | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Richard L Whelan
- Mount Sinai Roosevelt Hospital, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign-Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma. Neurosci Lett 2015; 600:132-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Singh BN, Singh HB, Singh A, Naqvi AH, Singh BR. Dietary phytochemicals alter epigenetic events and signaling pathways for inhibition of metastasis cascade: phytoblockers of metastasis cascade. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:41-85. [PMID: 24390421 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a multistep process in which a cancer cell spreads from the site of the primary lesion, passes through the circulatory system, and establishes a secondary tumor at a new nonadjacent organ or part. Inhibition of cancer progression by dietary phytochemicals (DPs) offers significant promise for reducing the incidence and mortality of cancer. Consumption of DPs in the diet has been linked to a decrease in the rate of metastatic cancer in a number of preclinical animal models and human epidemiological studies. DPs have been reported to modulate the numerous biological events including epigenetic events (noncoding micro-RNAs, histone modification, and DNA methylation) and multiple signaling transduction pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Sonic hedgehog, COX-2, EGFR, MAPK-ERK, JAK-STAT, Akt/PI3K/mTOR, NF-κB, AP-1, etc.), which can play a key role in regulation of metastasis cascade. Extensive studies have also been performed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying antimetastatic activity of DPs, with results indicating that these DPs have significant inhibitory activity at nearly every step of the metastatic cascade. DPs have anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Growing evidence has also shown that these natural agents potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy through the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the variety of molecular mechanisms by which DPs regulate metastatic cascade and highlight the potentials of these DPs as promising therapeutic inhibitors of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Singh
- Research and Development Division, Sowbhagya Biotech Private Limited, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, 500051, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Villanueva Bermejo D, Ibáñez E, Reglero G, Turner C, Fornari T, Rodriguez-Meizoso I. High catechins/low caffeine powder from green tea leaves by pressurized liquid extraction and supercritical antisolvent precipitation. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Relevance of the glutathione system in temporal lobe epilepsy: evidence in human and experimental models. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:759293. [PMID: 25538816 PMCID: PMC4265701 DOI: 10.1155/2014/759293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which is a state of imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen, is induced by a wide variety of factors. This biochemical state is associated with diseases that are systemic as well as diseases that affect the central nervous system. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, and temporal lobe epilepsy represents an estimated 40% of all epilepsy cases. Currently, evidence from human and experimental models supports the involvement of oxidative stress during seizures and in the epileptogenesis process. Hence, the aim of this review was to provide information that facilitates the processing of this evidence and investigate the therapeutic impact of the biochemical status for this specific pathology.
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31
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Fangueiro JF, Parra A, Silva AM, Egea MA, Souto EB, Garcia ML, Calpena AC. Validation of a high performance liquid chromatography method for the stabilization of epigallocatechin gallate. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:181-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Fangueiro JF, Andreani T, Fernandes L, Garcia ML, Egea MA, Silva AM, Souto EB. Physicochemical characterization of epigallocatechin gallate lipid nanoparticles (EGCG-LNs) for ocular instillation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:452-60. [PMID: 25303852 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in lipid nanoparticles (LNs) could be a suitable approach to avoid drug oxidation and epimerization, which are common processes that lead to low bioavailability of the drug limiting its therapeutic efficacy. The human health benefits of EGCG gained much interest in the pharmaceutical field, and so far there are no studies reporting its encapsulation in LNs. The purpose of this study has been the development of an innovative system for the ocular delivery of EGCG using LNs as carrier for the future treatment of several diseases, such as dry eye, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema. LNs dispersions have been produced by multiple emulsion technique and previously optimized by a factorial design. In order to increase ocular retention time and mucoadhesion by electrostatic attraction, two distinct cationic lipids were used, namely, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB). EGCG has been successfully loaded in the LNs dispersions and the nanoparticles analysis over 30 days of storage time predicted a good physicochemical stability. The particles were found to be in the nanometer range (<300 nm) and all the evaluated parameters, namely pH, osmolarity and viscosity, were compatible to the ocular administration. The evaluation of the cationic lipid used was compared regarding physical and chemical parameters, lipid crystallization and polymorphism, and stability of dispersion during storage. The results show that different lipids lead to different characteristics mainly associated with the acyl chain composition, i.e. double lipid shows to have influence in the crystallization and stability. Despite the recorded differences between DTAB and DDAB, both cationic LNs seem to fit the parameters for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana F Fangueiro
- CEBIMED, Research Centre for Biomedicine, Fernando Pessoa University, UFP-FCS, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, P-4249-004 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, UFP-FCS, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Andreani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, UFP-FCS, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lisete Fernandes
- Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria L Garcia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A Egea
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B Souto
- CEBIMED, Research Centre for Biomedicine, Fernando Pessoa University, UFP-FCS, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, P-4249-004 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Huang R, Faratian D, Sims AH, Wilson D, Thomas JS, Harrison DJ, Langdon SP. Increased STAT1 signaling in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94226. [PMID: 24728078 PMCID: PMC3984130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic profiling of the estrogen/tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 cell line and its partially sensitive (MCF-7/LCC1) and fully resistant (MCF-7/LCC9) variants was performed to identify modifiers of endocrine sensitivity in breast cancer. Analysis of the expression of 120 paired phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated epitopes in key oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways revealed that STAT1 and several phosphorylated epitopes (phospho-STAT1(Tyr701) and phospho-STAT3(Ser727)) were differentially expressed between endocrine resistant and parental controls, confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The STAT1 inhibitor EGCG was a more effective inhibitor of the endocrine resistant MCF-7/LCC1 and MCF-7/LCC9 lines than parental MCF-7 cells, while STAT3 inhibitors Stattic and WP1066 were equally effective in endocrine-resistant and parental lines. The effects of the STAT inhibitors were additive, rather than synergistic, when tested in combination with tamoxifen in vitro. Expression of STAT1 and STAT3 were measured by quantitative immunofluorescence in invasive breast cancers and matched lymph nodes. When lymph node expression was compared to its paired primary breast cancer expression, there was greater expression of cytoplasmic STAT1 (∼3.1 fold), phospho-STAT3(Ser727) (∼1.8 fold), and STAT5 (∼1.5 fold) and nuclear phospho-STAT3(Ser727) (∼1.5 fold) in the nodes. Expression levels of STAT1 and STAT3 transcript were analysed in 550 breast cancers from publicly available gene expression datasets (GSE2990, GSE12093, GSE6532). When treatment with tamoxifen was considered, STAT1 gene expression was nearly predictive of distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, log-rank p = 0.067), while STAT3 gene expression was predictive of DMFS (log-rank p<0.0001). Analysis of STAT1 and STAT3 protein expression in a series of 546 breast cancers also indicated that high expression of STAT3 protein was associated with improved survival (DMFS, p = 0.006). These results suggest that STAT signaling is important in endocrine resistance, and that STAT inhibitors may represent potential therapies in breast cancer, even in the resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Faratian
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Sims
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Wilson
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Harrison
- Pathology, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P. Langdon
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates seawater aspiration-induced acute lung injury via regulating inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting JAK/STAT1 pathway in rats. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:612593. [PMID: 24692852 PMCID: PMC3945896 DOI: 10.1155/2014/612593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcriptions 1 (STAT1) play an important role in the inflammation process of acute lung injury (ALI). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exhibits a specific and strong anti-STAT1 activity. Therefore, our study is to explore whether EGCG pretreatment can ameliorate seawater aspiration-induced ALI and its possible mechanisms. We detected the arterial partial pressure of oxygen, lung wet/dry weight ratios, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the histopathologic and ultrastructure staining of the lung. The levels of IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 and the total and the phosphorylated protein level of STAT1, JAK1, and JAK2 were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that EGCG pretreatment significantly improved hypoxemia and histopathologic changes, alleviated pulmonary edema and lung vascular leak, reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-1, and increased the production of IL-10 in seawater aspiration-induced ALI rats. EGCG also prevented the seawater aspiration-induced increase of TNF-α and IL-1 and decrease of IL-10 in NR8383 cell line. Moreover, EGCG pretreatment reduced the total and the phosphorylated protein level of STAT1 in vivo and in vitro and reduced the phosphorylated protein level of JAK1 and JAK2. The present study demonstrates that EGCG ameliorates seawater aspiration-induced ALI via regulating inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting JAK/STAT1 pathway in rats.
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35
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Extraction of caffeine from natural matter using a bio-renewable agrochemical solvent. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Senggunprai L, Kukongviriyapan V, Prawan A, Kukongviriyapan U. Quercetin and EGCG exhibit chemopreventive effects in cholangiocarcinoma cells via suppression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2013; 28:841-8. [PMID: 24038588 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are dietary phytochemicals with antiinflammatory and antitumor effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of these two compounds on Janus-like kinase (JAK)/signal transduction and transcription (STAT) pathway of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells, because CCA is one of the aggressive cancers with very poor prognosis and JAK/STAT pathway is critically important in inflammation and carcinogenesis. The results showed that the JAK/STAT pathway activation by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and interferon-γ in CCA cells was suppressed by pretreatment with quercetin and EGCG, evidently by a decrease of the elevated phosphorylated-STAT1 and STAT3 proteins in a dose-dependent manner. The cytokine-mediated up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) via JAK/STAT cascade was abolished by both quercetin and EGCG pretreatment. Moreover, these flavonoids also could inhibit growth and cytokine-induced migration of CCA cells. Pretreatment with specific JAK inhibitors, AG490 and piceatannol, abolished cytokine-induced iNOS and ICAM-1 expression. These results demonstrate beneficial effects of quercetin and EGCG in the suppression of JAK/STAT cascade of CCA cells. Quercetin and EGCG would be potentially useful as cancer chemopreventive agents against CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
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Moriasi C, Subramaniam D, Awasthi S, Ramalingam S, Anant S. Prevention of colitis-associated cancer: natural compounds that target the IL-6 soluble receptor. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 12:1221-38. [PMID: 22583410 DOI: 10.2174/187152012803833080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The risk of developing colorectal cancer increases in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a growing body of evidence shows the critical role of interleukin (IL-6) in this process. IL-6 is both a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine whose effects are mediated through activation of STAT3. Recent studies have also demonstrated that IL-6 trans-signaling through its soluble receptor occurs in IBD and cancer. IL-6 trans-signaling therefore is emerging as an attractive approach to diminish the inflammatory signals in conditions of chronic inflammation. The purpose of cancer chemoprevention is to either delay the onset or progression from precancerous lesions. Natural compounds because of their low toxicity render themselves excellent candidates that can be administered over the lifetime of an individual. With the focus of managing IBD over a long time and preventing onset of colitis-associated cancer, we believe that there should be increased research focus on identifying chemopreventive compounds that can render themselves to long term use possibly for the lifetime of predisposed individuals. Here, we review the role of IL-6 signaling in IBD and colitis-associated cancer and underscore the importance of searching for natural compounds that would target the IL-6 trans-signaling pathway as a way to diminish chronic inflammatory conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and possibly hamper the progression to colon cancer. We propose that effective screening and identification of natural chemopreventive compounds that target IL-6 trans-signaling has important implications for the development of optimal strategies against cancer development triggered by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cate Moriasi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Barnett MPG, Cooney JM, Dommels YEM, Nones K, Brewster DT, Park Z, Butts CA, McNabb WC, Laing WA, Roy NC. Modulation of colonic inflammation in Mdr1a(-/-) mice by green tea polyphenols and their effects on the colon transcriptome and proteome. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1678-90. [PMID: 23643524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are an important tool to understand the complex pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). This study tested the anti-inflammatory potential of a green tea extract rich in polyphenols (GrTP) in the colon of the multidrug resistance targeted mutation (Mdr1a(-/-)) mouse model of IBD. Insights into mechanisms responsible for this reduction in inflammation were gained using transcriptome and proteome analyses. Mice were randomly assigned to an AIN-76A (control) or GrTP-enriched diet. At 21 or 24 weeks of age, a colonic histological injury score was determined for each mouse, colon mRNA transcript levels were assessed using microarrays, and colon protein expression was measured using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry protein identification. Mean colonic histological injury score of GrTP-fed Mdr1a(-/-) mice was significantly lower compared to those fed the control diet. Microarray and proteomics analyses showed reduced abundance of transcripts and proteins associated with immune and inflammatory response and fibrinogenesis pathways, and increased abundance of those associated with xenobiotic metabolism pathways in response to GrTP, suggesting that its anti-inflammatory activity is mediated by multiple molecular pathways. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 appear to be two key molecules which regulate these effects. These results support the view that dietary intake of polyphenols derived from green tea can ameliorate intestinal inflammation in the colon of a mouse model of IBD, and are in agreement with studies suggesting that consumption of green tea may reduce IBD symptoms and therefore play a part in an overall IBD treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P G Barnett
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Tea is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide, and green tea is the least processed from the buds of the Camellia sinensis plant. The most abundant component of green tea is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which has been the focus of many cell culture, animal and clinical trials, revealing that EGCG possesses antiproliferative, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and chemopreventive effects. In this review we briefly summarize the mechanism of action(s) of the green tea component EGCG, highlighting recent advances in the epigenetic regulation by EGCG. Additionally, we provide an overview of mouse chemoprevention studies and EGCG chemoprevention clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schramm
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, NY 11439, USA
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Xie T, Wang WP, Mao ZF, Qu ZZ, Luan SQ, Jia LJ, Kan MC. Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats. Neurosci Lett 2012; 516:237-41. [PMID: 22521706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is commonly observed in epileptic patients. It has been shown that not only epilepsy but also antiepileptic drugs could induce cognitive impairment. Thus, there is an urgent need for drugs that can suppress seizures without causing cognitive deficit. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, and many antioxidants have an antiepileptic property. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin polyphenols component, is found to be an effective antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of EGCG against seizures, seizure-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 35 mg/kg of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) once every alternate day for 13 injections. EGCG was administered daily in two doses (25mg/kg and 50mg/kg) intraperitoneally along with alternate-day PTZ. Morris water maze test was carried out 24h after the last injection of PTZ, and the oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde and glutathione) were assessed after the completion of the behavioral test. The results showed that EGCG dose-dependently suppressed the progression of kindling. EGCG also ameliorated the cognitive impairment and oxidative stress induced by PTZ kindling. These observations suggest that EGCG may be a potential agent for the treatment of epilepsy as well as a preventive agent against cognitive impairment induced by seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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Sachdeva AK, Kuhad A, Chopra K. Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates behavioral and biochemical deficits in rat model of load-induced chronic fatigue syndrome. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Obara K, Ukai K, Ishikawa T. Mechanism of potentiation by tea epigallocatechin of contraction in porcine coronary artery: The role of protein kinase Cδ-mediated CPI-17 phosphorylation. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668:414-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Miller RJ, Jackson KG, Dadd T, Nicol B, Dick JL, Mayes AE, Brown AL, Minihane AM. A preliminary investigation of the impact of catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype on the absorption and metabolism of green tea catechins. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:47-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Goodman WA, Young AB, McCormick TS, Cooper KD, Levine AD. Stat3 phosphorylation mediates resistance of primary human T cells to regulatory T cell suppression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3336-45. [PMID: 21307288 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human autoimmune diseases are characterized by systemic T cell dysfunction, resulting in chronically activated Th1 and Th17 cells that are inadequately suppressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). IL-6, which is overexpressed in tissue and serum of patients with autoimmune diseases, inhibits human Treg function. We sought to determine the mechanism for the antitolerogenic properties of IL-6 by examining the signaling pathways downstream of IL-6R in primary human T cells. Inhibition of Stat3 signaling in MLCs containing IL-6 restores Treg-mediated suppression, demonstrating that IL-6-mediated loss of Treg suppression requires phosphorylation of Stat3. Cultures in which either effector T cells (Teffs) or Tregs were pretreated with Stat3 inhibitors indicate that phosphorylated (p)Stat3 is required in both T cell populations for IL-6-mediated reversal of Treg function. IL-21, which signals preferentially through pStat3, also reverses Treg suppression, in contrast to IL-27 and IFN-γ, which signal preferentially through Stat1 and do not inhibit Treg function. Interestingly, both Teffs and Tregs respond to IL-6 stimulation through strong Stat3 phosphorylation with minimal MAPK/Erk activation and moderate Stat1 phosphorylation. Finally, Teffs stimulated strongly through the TCR are also resistant to suppression by Tregs and show concurrent Stat3 phosphorylation. In these cultures, inhibition of pStat3 restores functional suppression by Tregs. Taken together, our findings suggest that an early dominance of Stat3 signaling, prior to subsequent T cell activation, is required for the loss of functional Treg suppression and that kinase-specific inhibitors may hold therapeutic promise in the treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Goodman
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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T Lymphocytes Negatively Regulate Lymph Node Lymphatic Vessel Formation. Immunity 2011; 34:96-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Kang KW, Oh SJ, Ryu SY, Song GY, Kim BH, Kang JS, Kim SK. Evaluation of the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity of catechins isolated from green tea. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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47
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Melgarejo E, Medina MA, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Urdiales JL. Targeting of histamine producing cells by EGCG: a green dart against inflammation? J Physiol Biochem 2010; 66:265-70. [PMID: 20652470 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-010-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human body is made of some 250 different cell types. From them, only a small subset of cell types is able to produce histamine. They include some neurons, enterochromaffin-like cells, gastrin-containing cells, mast cells, basophils, and monocytes/macrophages, among others. In spite of the reduced number of these histamine-producing cell types, they are involved in very different physiological processes. Their deregulation is related with many highly prevalent, as well as emergent and rare diseases, mainly those described as inflammation-dependent pathologies, including mastocytosis, basophilic leukemia, gastric ulcer, Crohn disease, and other inflammatory bowel diseases. Furthermore, oncogenic transformation switches some non-histamine-producing cells to a histamine producing phenotype. This is the case of melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma, and several types of neuroendocrine tumors. The bioactive compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea, has been shown to target histamine-producing cells producing great alterations in their behavior, with relevant effects on their proliferative potential, as well as their adhesion, migration, and invasion potentials. In fact, EGCG has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral, and anti-angiogenic effects and to be a potent inhibitor of the histamine-producing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase. Herein, we review the many specific effects of EGCG on concrete molecular targets of histamine-producing cells and discuss the relevance of these data to support the potential therapeutic interest of this compound to treat inflammation-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Melgarejo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Málaga, Spain
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Singh R, Akhtar N, Haqqi TM. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate: inflammation and arthritis. [corrected]. Life Sci 2010; 86:907-18. [PMID: 20462508 PMCID: PMC3146294 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of factors including inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to play a role in the development of chronic joint diseases. Green tea has become a popular drink and is consumed throughout the world. Extracts of green tea and polyphenols present therein have been shown to inhibit the inflammatory responses in vitro in different cell types and the development of arthritis in animal model studies. There is considerable evidence that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the predominant green tea polyphenol which mimic its effects, inhibits enzyme activities and signal transduction pathways that play important roles in inflammation and joint destruction in arthritis. After oral consumption EGCG become bioavailable and proteomic studies suggest that EGCG may directly interact with a large set of protein targets and alter the physiological response of the cells. Taken together these and other studies identify and support the use of EGCG as a possible chemopreventive agent with a potential to inhibit the development of arthritis. Here we review the biological effects of EGCG in an attempt to understand its pivotal molecular targets that directly affect the inflammation and joint destruction process for prevention and/or for the development of new therapeutics for arthritis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109
| | - Tariq M. Haqqi
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109
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Ren Y, Deng F, Zhu H, Wan W, Ye J, Luo B. Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on iron overload in mice with alcoholic liver disease. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:879-86. [PMID: 20490691 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron has long been related to the pathological process of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Liver iron overload is known to accelerate the development of ALD. In the present study we aimed to examine the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on iron overload of ALD and to explore the potential mechanisms involved in its protection against ALD in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were given alcohol by intragastric administration for 12 weeks. At the end of 8th week, ALD mice were treated for 4 weeks for 10, 20 and 30 mg kg(-1) EGCG by intraperitoneal injection. Liver injuries were assessed by histopathologic examination and Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Serum iron content, hepatic iron concentration and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were examined. In addition, hepcidin mRNA levels and transferrin (Tf) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) protein levels of liver tissue were also evaluated. Compared with model group, treatment of ALD mice with EGCG ameliorated liver injuries, decreased serum iron level, hepatic iron levels and liver MDA contents, increased hepcidin mRNA level and decreased Tf and TfR1 protein expression in the liver. The results of our study explain a new point of view that the protective effect of EGCG on ALD is associated with its iron-chelating property. The possible mechanisms are that EGCG affects hepatic iron uptake and inhibits iron absorption in the small intestinal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
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Lu JL, Wu MY, Yang XL, Dong ZB, Ye JH, Borthakur D, Sun QL, Liang YR. Decaffeination of tea extracts by using poly(acrylamide-co-ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate) as adsorbent. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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