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Da Silva C, Lamarche C, Pichereaux C, Mouton-Barbosa E, Demol G, Boisne S, Dague E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Pillet F, Rols MP. Bacterial eradication by a low-energy pulsed electron beam generator. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108593. [PMID: 37995503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy electron beams (LEEB) are a safe and practical sterilization solution for in-line industrial applications, such as sterilizing medical products. However, their low dose rate induces product degradation, and the limited maximal energy prohibits high-throughput applications. To address this, we developed a low-energy 'pulsed' electron beam generator (LEPEB) and evaluated its efficacy and mechanism of action. Bacillus pumilus vegetative cells and spores were irradiated with a 250 keV LEPEB system at a 100 Hz pulse repetition frequency and a pulse duration of only 10 ns. This produced highly efficient bacterial inactivation at a rate of >6 log10, the level required for sterilization in industrial applications, with only two pulses for vegetative bacteria (20 ms) and eight pulses for spores (80 ms). LEPEB induced no morphological or structural defects, but decreased cell wall hydrophobicity in vegetative cells, which may inhibit biofilm formation. Single- and double-strand DNA breaks and pyrimidine dimer formation were also observed, likely causing cell death. Together, the unique combination of high dose rate and nanosecond delivery of LEPEB enable effective and high-throughput bacterial eradication for direct integration into production lines in a wide range of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Da Silva
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Lamarche
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; ITHPP-Alcen, Hameau de Drèle, Thégra, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité, AIB, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mouton-Barbosa
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Flavien Pillet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Farno M, Lamarche C, Tenailleau C, Cavalié S, Duployer B, Cussac D, Parini A, Sallerin B, Girod Fullana S. Low-energy electron beam sterilization of solid alginate and chitosan, and their polyelectrolyte complexes. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117578. [PMID: 33766327 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharidic scaffolds hold great hope in regenerative medicine, however their sterilization still remains challenging since conventional methods are deleterious. Recently, electron beams (EB) have raised interest as emerging sterilization techniques. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the impact of EB irradiations on polysaccharidic macroporous scaffolds. The effects of continuous and pulsed low energy EB were examined on polysaccharidic or on polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) scaffolds by SEC-MALLS, FTIR and EPR. Then the scaffolds' physicochemical properties: swelling, architecture and compressive modulus were investigated. Finally, sterility and in vitro biocompatibility of irradiated scaffolds were evaluated to validate the effectiveness of our approach. Continuous beam irradiations appear less deleterious on alginate and chitosan chains, but the use of a pulsed beam limits the time of irradiation and better preserve the architecture of PEC scaffolds. This work paves the way for low energy EB tailor-made sterilization of sensitive porous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Farno
- Université Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT Institut Carnot Chimie Balard CIRIMAT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christophe Tenailleau
- Université Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT Institut Carnot Chimie Balard CIRIMAT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Cavalié
- Université Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT Institut Carnot Chimie Balard CIRIMAT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Duployer
- Université Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT Institut Carnot Chimie Balard CIRIMAT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Girod Fullana
- Université Paul Sabatier, CIRIMAT Institut Carnot Chimie Balard CIRIMAT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Toulouse, France.
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Reineke K, Mathys A. Endospore Inactivation by Emerging Technologies: A Review of Target Structures and Inactivation Mechanisms. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:255-274. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in preservation technologies allow for the delivery of food with nutritional value and superior taste. Of special interest are low-acid, shelf-stable foods in which the complete control or inactivation of bacterial endospores is the crucial step to ensure consumer safety. Relevant preservation methods can be classified into physicochemical or physical hurdles, and the latter can be subclassified into thermal and nonthermal processes. The underlying inactivation mechanisms for each of these physicochemical or physical processes impact different morphological or molecular structures essential for spore germination and integrity in the dormant state. This review provides an overview of distinct endospore defense mechanisms that affect emerging physical hurdles as well as which technologies address these mechanisms. The physical spore-inactivation technologies considered include thermal, dynamic, and isostatic high pressure and electromagnetic technologies, such as pulsed electric fields, UV light, cold atmospheric pressure plasma, and high- or low-energy electron beam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhang Y, Moeller R, Tran S, Dubovcova B, Akepsimaidis G, Meneses N, Drissner D, Mathys A. Geobacillus and Bacillus Spore Inactivation by Low Energy Electron Beam Technology: Resistance and Influencing Factors. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2720. [PMID: 30532740 PMCID: PMC6265500 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low energy electron beam (LEEB) treatment is an emerging non-thermal technology that performs surface decontamination with a minimal influence on food quality. Bacterial spore resistance toward LEEB treatment and its influencing factors were investigated in this study. Spores from Geobacillus and Bacillus species were treated with a lab-scale LEEB at energy levels of 80 and 200 keV. The spore resistances were expressed as D-values (the radiation dose required for one log10 reduction at a given energy level) calculated from the linear regression of log10 reduction against absorbed dose of the sample. The results revealed that the spore inactivation efficiency by LEEB is comparable to that of other ionizing radiations and that the inactivation curves are mostly log10-linear at the investigated dose range (3.8 - 8.2 kGy at 80 keV; 6.0 - 9.8 kGy at 200 keV). The D-values obtained from the wildtype strains varied from 2.2 - 3.0 kGy at 80 keV, and from 2.2 - 3.1 kGy at 200 keV. Bacillus subtilis mutant spores lacking α/β-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins showed decreased D-values (1.3 kGy at 80 and 200 keV), indicating that spore DNA is one of the targets for LEEB spore inactivation. The results revealed that bacterial species, sporulation conditions and the treatment dose influence the spore LEEB inactivation. This finding indicates that for the application of this emerging technology, special attention should be paid to the choice of biological indicator, physiological state of the indicator and the processing settings. High spore inactivation efficiency supports the application of LEEB for the purpose of food surface decontamination. With its environmental, logistical, and economic advantages, LEEB can be a relevant technology for surface decontamination to deliver safe, minimally processed and additive-free food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Space Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Division, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophia Tran
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbora Dubovcova
- Digital Technologies, Data Analytics and Services Business Unit, Bühler AG, Uzwil, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Akepsimaidis
- Digital Technologies, Data Analytics and Services Business Unit, Bühler AG, Uzwil, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Meneses
- Digital Technologies, Data Analytics and Services Business Unit, Bühler AG, Uzwil, Switzerland
| | - David Drissner
- Microbiology of Plant Foods, Agroscope, Waedenswil, Switzerland
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Alexander Mathys
- Sustainable Food Processing Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cold atmospheric pressure plasma and low energy electron beam as alternative nonthermal decontamination technologies for dry food surfaces: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Effect of electron beam on chemical changes of nutrients in infant formula. Food Chem 2014; 149:208-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Tesfai AT, Beamer SK, Matak KE, Jaczynski J. Radioresistance development of DNA repair deficient Escherichia coli DH5α in ground beef subjected to electron beam at sub-lethal doses. Int J Radiat Biol 2011; 87:571-8. [PMID: 21627563 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.565400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electron beam (e-beam) efficiently and non-thermally inactivates microorganisms in food by lethal DNA changes (direct effects) and free radicals from water radiolysis (in-direct effects). Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli DH5α (α substrain of DH5 described by Hanahan 1985 , 'DH' stands for Douglas Hanahan) is a microorganism that lacks DNA repair capability, resulting in high radiosensitivity. Studying microbial inactivation of E. coli DH5α repeatedly subjected to sub-lethal e-beam in ground beef may enhance understanding of microbial radioresistance. The objective of this study was to determine if repetitive processing with e-beam at sub-lethal doses increases D-value (e-beam dose required to inactivate one log of microbial population) of E. coli DH5α in ground beef. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survivors from the highest e-beam dose were isolated and incubated in ground beef for the next cycle of e-beam processing. Five cycles were conducted. To acclimatise E. coli DH5α, first two cycles used low doses. D-values were determined following the third cycle. RESULTS D-values increased (p < 0.05) significantly with each cycle. Thus, E. coli DH5α has a capability to develop greater radioresistance under these experimental conditions. Following the third cycle D-values were 0.32 ± 0.006 and 0.32 ± 0.002 kGy for survivors enumerated on non-selective and selective media, respectively; the fourth cycle 0.39 ± 0.007 and 0.40 ± 0.019 kGy; and the fifth cycle 0.46 ± 0.006 and 0.46 ± 0.020 kGy. D-values on non-selective and selective media were similar (p > 0.05) indicating absence of cell recovery in E. coli DH5α. CONCLUSIONS E. coli DH5α increases radioresistance to e-beam as a result of repetitive exposure to sub-lethal doses despite its DNA repair deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiam T Tesfai
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
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Ficht TA, Kahl-McDonagh MM, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Rice-Ficht AC. Brucellosis: the case for live, attenuated vaccines. Vaccine 2009; 27 Suppl 4:D40-3. [PMID: 19837284 PMCID: PMC2780424 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The successful control of animal brucellosis and associated reduction in human exposure has limited the development of human brucellosis vaccines. However, the potential use of Brucella in bioterrorism or biowarfare suggests that direct intervention strategies are warranted. Although the dominant approach has explored the use of live attenuated vaccines, side effects associated with their use has prevented widespread use in humans. Development of live, attenuated Brucella vaccines that are safe for use in humans has focused on the deletion of important genes required for survival. However, the enhanced safety of deletion mutants is most often associated with reduced efficacy. For this reason recent efforts have sought to combine the optimal features of a attenuated live vaccine that is safe, free of side effects and efficacious in humans with enhanced immune stimulation through microencapsulation. The competitive advantages and innovations of this approach are: (1) use of highly attenuated, safe, gene knockout, live Brucella mutants; (2) manufacturing with unique disposable closed system technologies, and (3) oral/intranasal delivery in a novel microencapsulation-mediated controlled release formula to optimally provide the long term mucosal immunostimulation required for protective immunity. Based upon preliminary data, it is postulated that such vaccine delivery systems can be storage stable, administered orally or intranasally, and generally applicable to a number of agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Ficht
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University and TX AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA.
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Sommers C, Rajkowski K. Inactivation of Escherichia coli JM109, DH5α, and O157:H7 Suspended in Butterfield's Phosphate Buffer by Gamma Irradiation. J Food Sci 2008; 73:M87-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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