A simplified hypoplasia index

Effectiveness of resin infiltration (ICON) and microabrasion-remineralization technique with two remineralizing agents (Tooth Mousse and Toothmin) on permanent incisor hypoplasia - A randomized clinical trial

Aims

The study aims to compare the effect of resin infiltration and microabrasion-remineralization (MAb-Re) with Tooth Mousse and Toothmin on permanent incisor hypoplasia.

Materials and Methods

The study included children with permanent incisor hypoplasia above 9 years of age, 171 teeth divided randomly into four groups: Group A - ICON, Group B - MAb-Re using Tooth Mousse, Group C - MAb-Re using Toothmin, and Group D - control group. Process involved taking standardized photographs at T1 - before intervention, T2 - immediately after treatment, and T3 - 6-month follow-up. Color evaluation, area calculation, participant and expert opinion using a Likert scale, treatment time, and cost-effectiveness were all taken into consideration during the assessment.

Statistical Analysis Used

Data were collected, entered into a computer, and analyzed; one-way ANOVA was used for intergroup assessment.

Results

Overall color change was evident immediately after treatment in the ICON group compared to other groups (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference in color change was visible between the groups after 6 months. Reduction in hypoplastic area was seen in all the groups. The mean time was similar for all the groups. Toothmin was found to be the most cost-effective in comparison with the other two interventions.

Conclusions

ICON proved to be more effective immediately after treatment for masking incisor hypoplasia. However, at 6-month follow-up interval, all the groups gave similar results.

Endodontic and esthetic management of a dilacerated maxillary central incisor having two root canals using cone beam computed tomography as a diagnostic aid

Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition are quite common. When primary teeth are subjected to trauma, force transmission and/or invasion of the underlying tooth germs lying in close proximity can result in a variety of disturbances in the permanent successors. Few of these disturbances include hypoplasia, dilaceration, or alteration in the eruption sequence and pattern. Dilaceration is defined as an angulation or sharp bend or curve in the linear relationship of the crown of a tooth to its root. A rare case of maxillary left central incisor having crown dilaceration and Vertucci's type II canal configuration with symptomatic periapical periodontitis is reported. Cone beam computed tomography was used for better understanding of the anomaly and complicated root canal morphology. The tooth was successfully managed by nonsurgical root canal therapy and restoration with resin composite to restore esthetics.

Enamel hypoplasia of primary canine: Its prevalence and degree of expression

Background:

Enamel hypoplasia is a unique lesion showing wide variations in prevalence among populations. The present study aimed to evaluate frequency and degree of expression of enamel hypoplasia of primary canine in populations living in the eastern part of India.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective cross sectional study was performed in randomly selected 3539 school children. Labial surfaces of all primary canines were examined. The frequency and degree of expression of enamel hypoplasia between different ethnic groups were recorded. Based on the location of the defect on the tooth surfaces, the lesions were divided as prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal according to stage of mineralization. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi square test.

Results:

The overall prevalence of primary canine hypoplasia was 10.3%. The mandibular primary canines were significantly (P = 0.03) more frequently affected than maxillary canines among different ethnic groups. The side difference among populations was not significant (P = 0.96) statistically. In 8.5% Bengali population, 7% Rajbangsi population, and 9.4% in other group of population, the defect occurred prenatally. Most of the defects, 64.7% in Bengali, 66.1% in Rajbangsi, and 58.8% in others occurred during perinatal stage of mineralization. The defect occurred postnatally in 26.8%, 26.7%, and 31.8% in Bengali, Rajbangsi, and in other group of population respectively.

Conclusion:

The overall prevalence of primary canine hypoplasia was 10.3%. The mandibular primary canines were more frequently affected (P = 0.03) than their maxillary counterparts among populations. Most of the defects correspond to perinatal stage of mineralization.

A literature review of dental erosion in children

Dental erosion is increasingly recognized as a common condition in paediatric dentistry with complications of tooth sensitivity, altered aesthetics and loss of occlusal vertical dimension. The prevalence of erosion in children has been reported to range from 10% to over 80%. The primary dentition is thought to be more susceptible to erosion compared to the permanent dentition due to the thinner and less mineralized enamel. The aim of this paper was to critically review dental erosion in children with regards to its prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and prevention. The associations between erosion and other common conditions in children such as caries and enamel hypoplasia are also discussed.

Patterns in dental enamel hypoplasia by sex and age at death in two archaeological populations

AIMS

Levels of enamel hypoplasia in past populations are frequently used to study health. However, few studies have looked at patterning in the occurrence of different types of hypoplasia. In this pilot study, skeletal remains from an Iron Age tomb at Pella in Jordan were analysed for the presence of linear and pit enamel hypoplasia, to investigate enamel hypoplasia aetiology by comparison of the results obtained for adults and juveniles, and females and males.

METHODS AND RESULTS

The proportion of individuals with enamel hypoplasia was determined for males and females and for adults and juveniles using the F.D.I. Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) Index. Although males and females had a similar percentage of individuals affected, females had a higher prevalence of enamel hypoplasia per tooth than males. Adults had a higher prevalence of enamel hypoplasia than juveniles. In particular, adults had a higher prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasias and pit enamel hypoplasia arrays, but a similar prevalence of single pit enamel hypoplasia when both the permanent and deciduous dentitions were considered. These differences were largely due to different patterns and frequencies of enamel hypoplasia in deciduous teeth compared to permanent teeth.

CONCLUSIONS

The different patterns of occurrence of the various forms of hypoplasia observed in this study imply that single pits may have a different aetiology to linear enamel hypoplasias and pit arrays. By investigating similar patterns in other archaeological populations, we may develop a better understanding of the specific causes of particular types of enamel hypoplasia, and may be able to more meaningfully interpret enamel hypoplasia data from past populations.

Prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in deciduous canines of patients with complete cleft lip and palate

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the prevalence and type of enamel hypoplasia in deciduous canines of patients with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, as well as its distribution according to gender, dental arch, and side of cleft.

DESIGN

Cross sectional.

SETTING

Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Three-hundred twelve Caucasian children (193 boys, 119 girls), aged 3 to 10 years, presenting complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate were included in this study. A single examiner carried out clinical examination under natural light with a dental probe and dental mirror and, after drying of the tooth, by means of a simplified hypoplasia index.

RESULTS

A prevalence of 43.8% was observed for unilateral and 39% for bilateral clefts. Both groups revealed similar distributions regarding the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and gender. Similar distribution was also observed on the cleft and noncleft sides for the unilateral cleft group. The most frequent type and severity was obvious hypoplasia, followed by minimal hypoplasia, both roughly round.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that the cleft does not influence the occurrence of hypoplasia in deciduous canines.