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Šibanc N, Clark DR, Helgason T, Dumbrell AJ, Maček I. Extreme environments simplify reassembly of communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. mSystems 2024; 9:e0133123. [PMID: 38376262 PMCID: PMC10949450 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01331-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The ecological impacts of long-term (press) disturbance on mechanisms regulating the relative abundance (i.e., commonness or rarity) and temporal dynamics of species within a community remain largely unknown. This is particularly true for the functionally important arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi; obligate plant-root endosymbionts that colonize more than two-thirds of terrestrial plant species. Here, we use high-resolution amplicon sequencing to examine how AM fungal communities in a specific extreme ecosystem-mofettes or natural CO2 springs caused by geological CO2 exhalations-are affected by long-term stress. We found that in mofettes, specific and temporally stable communities form as a subset of the local metacommunity. These communities are less diverse and dominated by adapted, "stress tolerant" taxa. Those taxa are rare in control locations and more benign environments worldwide, but show a stable temporal pattern in the extreme sites, consistently dominating the communities in grassland mofettes. This pattern of lower diversity and high dominance of specific taxa has been confirmed as relatively stable over several sampling years and is independently observed across multiple geographic locations (mofettes in different countries). This study implies that the response of soil microbial community composition to long-term stress is relatively predictable, which can also reflect the community response to other anthropogenic stressors (e.g., heavy metal pollution or land use change). Moreover, as AM fungi are functionally differentiated, with different taxa providing different benefits to host plants, changes in community structure in response to long-term environmental change have the potential to impact terrestrial plant communities and their productivity.IMPORTANCEArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form symbiotic relationships with more than two-thirds of plant species. In return for using plant carbon as their sole energy source, AM fungi improve plant mineral supply, water balance, and protection against pathogens. This work demonstrates the importance of long-term experiments to understand the effects of long-term environmental change and long-term disturbance on terrestrial ecosystems. We demonstrated a consistent response of the AM fungal community to a long-term stress, with lower diversity and a less variable AM fungal community over time under stress conditions compared to the surrounding controls. We have also identified, for the first time, a suite of AM fungal taxa that are consistently observed across broad geographic scales in stressed and anthropogenically heavily influenced ecosystems. This is critical because global environmental change in terrestrial ecosystems requires an integrative approach that considers both above- and below-ground changes and examines patterns over a longer geographic and temporal scale, rather than just single sampling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Šibanc
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of forest physiology and genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dave R. Clark
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- Institute for Analytics and Data Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thorunn Helgason
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Institute for Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Alex J. Dumbrell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Irena Maček
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Olavarrieta CE, Sampedro MC, Vallejo A, Štefelová N, Barrio RJ, De Diego N. Biostimulants as an Alternative to Improve the Wine Quality from Vitis vinifera (cv. Tempranillo) in La Rioja. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121594. [PMID: 35736745 PMCID: PMC9229063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of biostimulants appears to be an environmentally friendly, innovative, and sustainable agronomical tool to mitigate the negative effects induced by adverse climatology in traditional grape-growing regions such as La Rioja (Spain). However, their mechanism of action in grapevines is still unclear. We evaluated how commercial substances (two from Ascophyllum nodosum extraction and one amino acids-based biostimulant) and the non-proteinogenic amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) affect the quality and quantity of musts and grapes in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo from a semi-arid region of La Rioja during two seasons. We hypothesized an enhancement in organic metabolites in berries and leaves in response to these treatments, changing the organoleptic characteristics of the final products. The treatments altered the primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, organic acids (AcOrg), and free amino acids, first in the leaves as the effect of the foliar application and second in grapes and musts. As the main result, the biostimulant efficiency depended on the climatology and vineyard location to improve the final yield. Whereas biostimulant application enhanced the yield in 2018 (less dry year), it did not help production in 2019 (dry year). BABA was the most efficient biostimulant, enhancing plant production. Regarding yield quality, the biostimulant application improved the musts mainly by enhancing the fumaric acid content and by reducing carbohydrates, except in BABA-treated plants, where they were accumulated. These results corroborate biostimulants as an exciting approach in wine production, especially for improving wine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E. Olavarrieta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.V.); (R.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.O.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Maria Carmen Sampedro
- Central Service of Analysis (SGIker), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Lascaray Ikergunea, Miguel de Unamuno 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Asier Vallejo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.V.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Nikola Štefelová
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Ramón J. Barrio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.V.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (C.E.O.); (N.D.D.)
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Aguilera P, Ortiz N, Becerra N, Turrini A, Gaínza-Cortés F, Silva-Flores P, Aguilar-Paredes A, Romero JK, Jorquera-Fontena E, Mora MDLL, Borie F. Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Vineyards: Water and Biotic Stress Under a Climate Change Scenario: New Challenge for Chilean Grapevine Crop. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:826571. [PMID: 35317261 PMCID: PMC8934398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The crop Vitis vinifera (L.) is of great economic importance as Chile is one of the main wine-producing countries, reaching a vineyard area of 145,000 ha. This vine crop is usually very sensitive to local condition changes and agronomic practices; therefore, strategies to counteract the expected future decrease in water level for agricultural irrigation, temperature increase, extreme water stress (abiotic stress), as well as increase in pathogenic diseases (biotic stress) related to climate change will be of vital importance for this crop. Studies carried out in recent years have suggested that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can provide key ecosystem services to host plants, such as water uptake implementation and enhanced absorption of nutrients such as P and N, which are key factors for improving the nutritional status of the vine. AMF use in viticulture will contribute also to sustainable agronomic management and bioprotection against pathogens. Here we will present (1) the current status of grapevines in Chile, (2) the main problems in grapevines related to water stress and associated with climate change, (3) the importance of AMF to face water stress and pathogens, and (4) the application of AMF as a biotechnological and sustainable tool in vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aguilera
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nancy Ortiz
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ninozhka Becerra
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Patricia Silva-Flores
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Talca, Chile
- Centro del Secano, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ana Aguilar-Paredes
- Programa de Restauración Biológica de Suelos, Centro Regional de Investigación e Innovación para la Sostenibilidad de la Agricultura y los Territorios Rurales (CERES), Quillota, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan Karlo Romero
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Emilio Jorquera-Fontena
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - María de La Luz Mora
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Fournier P, Pellan L, Barroso-Bergadà D, Bohan DA, Candresse T, Delmotte F, Dufour MC, Lauvergeat V, Le Marrec C, Marais A, Martins G, Masneuf-Pomarède I, Rey P, Sherman D, This P, Frioux C, Labarthe S, Vacher C. The functional microbiome of grapevine throughout plant evolutionary history and lifetime. ADV ECOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bettenfeld P, Cadena i Canals J, Jacquens L, Fernandez O, Fontaine F, van Schaik E, Courty PE, Trouvelot S. The microbiota of the grapevine holobiont: A key component of plant health. J Adv Res 2021; 40:1-15. [PMID: 36100319 PMCID: PMC9481934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine interacts different microbiota living around and within its tissues Addition of microbial genes to plant genome gives supplementary functions to the holobiont The composition of grapevine microbiota varies according to endogenous and exogenous factors Microbiota variations can lead to perturbations of grapevine metabolism The link between symptom emergence of dieback and microbial imbalance is currently studied
Background Grapevine is a woody, perennial plant of high economic importance worldwide. Like other plants, it lives in close association with large numbers of microorganisms. Bacteria, fungi and viruses are structured in communities, and each individual can be beneficial, neutral or harmful to the plant. In this sense, microorganisms can interact with each other and regulate plant functions (including immunity) and even provide new ones. Thus, the grapevine associated with its microbial communities constitutes a supra-organism, also called a holobiont, whose functioning is linked to established plant-microorganism interactions. Aim of review The overall health of the plant may be conditioned by the diversity and structure of microbial communities. Consequently, an optimal microbial composition will consist of a microbial balance allowing the plant to be healthy. Conversely, an imbalance of microbial populations could lead to (or be generated by) a decline of the plant. The microbiome is an active component of the host also responsive to biotic and abiotic changes; in that respect, a better understanding of the most important drivers of the composition of plant microbiomes is needed. Key scientific concepts of review This article presents the current state of the art about the grapevine microbiota and its composition according to the plant compartments and the influencing factors. We also focus on situations of imbalance, in particular during plant disease or decline. Finally, we discuss the possible interest of microbial engineering in an agrosystem such as viticulture.
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The Mycorrizal Status in Vineyards Affected by Esca. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100869. [PMID: 34682291 PMCID: PMC8540504 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we analyzed the relationship among native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and vine roots affected by esca, a serious grapevine trunk disease. The AMF symbiosis was analyzed on the roots of neighboring plants (symptomatic and asymptomatic to esca) in 14 sites of three vineyards in Marche region (central–eastern Italy). The AMF colonization intensity, identified by non-vital staining, showed higher value in all esca symptomatic plants (ranging from 24.6% to 61.3%) than neighboring asymptomatic plants (from 17.4% to 57.6%). The same trend of Glomeromycota phylum abundance was detected by analyzing fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) linked to the AMF community, obtained by amplicon high throughput analysis of ITS 1 region. Overall, the highest amount of OTUs was detected on roots from symptomatic plants (0.42%), compared to asymptomatic roots (0.29%). Specific primer pairs for native Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae AMF species, were designed in 28S rRNA and large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA, respectively, and droplet digital PCR protocol for absolute quantification was set up. A higher number of DNA copies of both fungal species were detected more frequently in symptomatic than asymptomatic vines. Our study suggests a relationship between esca and native AMF in grapevine. These results underline the importance of native rhizosphere microbial communities for a better knowledge of grapevine esca disease.
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Drought Influences Fungal Community Dynamics in the Grapevine Rhizosphere and Root Microbiome. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090686. [PMID: 34575724 PMCID: PMC8468433 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots support complex microbial communities that can influence nutrition, plant growth, and health. In grapevine, little is known about the impact of abiotic stresses on the belowground microbiome. In this study, we examined the drought-induced shifts in fungal composition in the root endosphere, the rhizosphere and bulk soil by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS). We imposed three irrigation regimes (100%, 50%, and 25% of the field capacity) to one-year old grapevine rootstock plants cv. SO4 when plants had developed 2–3 roots. Root endosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk soil samples were collected 6- and 12-months post-plantation. Drought significantly modified the overall fungal composition of all three compartments, with the root endosphere compartment showing the greatest divergence from well-watered control (100%). The overall response of the fungal microbiota associated with black-foot disease (Dactylonectria and “Cylindrocarpon” genera) and the potential biocontrol agent Trichoderma to drought stress was consistent across compartments, namely that their relative abundances were significantly higher at 50–100% than at 25% irrigation regime. We identified a significant enrichment in several fungal genera such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis during drought at 25% watering regime within the roots. Our results reveal that drought stress, in addition to its well-characterized effects on plant physiology, also results in the restructuring of grapevine root microbial communities, and suggest the possibility that members of the altered grapevine microbiota might contribute to plant survival under extreme environmental conditions.
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Cesaro P, Massa N, Bona E, Novello G, Todeschini V, Boatti L, Mignone F, Gamalero E, Berta G, Lingua G. Native AMF Communities in an Italian Vineyard at Two Different Phenological Stages of Vitis vinifera. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676610. [PMID: 34349738 PMCID: PMC8326575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil microorganisms that can establish symbiotic associations with Vitis vinifera roots, resulting in positive effects on grapevine performance, both in terms of water use efficiency, nutrient uptake, and replant success. Grapevine is an important perennial crop cultivated worldwide, especially in Mediterranean countries. In Italy, Piedmont is one of the regions with the longest winemaking tradition. In the present study, we characterized the AMF communities of the soil associated or not with the roots of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir cultivated in a vineyard subjected to conventional management using 454 Roche sequencing technology. Samplings were performed at two plant phenological stages (flowering and early fruit development). The AMF community was dominated by members of the family Glomeraceae, with a prevalence of the genus Glomus and the species Rhizophagus intraradices and Rhizophagus irregularis. On the contrary, the genus Archaeospora was the only one belonging to the family Archaeosporaceae. Since different AMF communities occur in the two considered soils, independently from the plant phenological stage, a probable role of V. vinifera in determining the AMF populations associated to its roots has been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cesaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Lara Boatti
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Flavio Mignone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy.,SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
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Moukarzel R, Ridgway HJ, Guerin-Laguette A, Jones EE. Grapevine rootstocks drive the community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in New Zealand vineyards. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2941-2956. [PMID: 34028142 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are often regarded as non-specific symbionts, but some AMF communities show host preference in various ecosystems including vineyards. Grapevine plants are very responsive to AMF colonization. Although these fungi have potentially significant applications for sustainable agricultural ecosystems, there is a gap in knowledge regarding AMF-grapevine interactions worldwide and especially in New Zealand. This study focused on identifying AMF taxa colonizing grapevines in New Zealand vineyards and investigated the effect of grapevine rootstocks on AMF community diversity and composition. METHODS AND RESULTS Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and trap cultures were used to characterize the AMF communities. Grapevine roots from three vineyards and nine rootstocks were analysed by DGGE and used in trap cultures for AMF recovery. Trap cultures allowed the recovery of six AMF spore morphotypes that belonged to Ambispora sp., Claroideoglomus sp., Funneliformis sp. and Glomus sp. Bands excised, reamplified and sequenced from the DGGE were assigned to Glomus sp., Rhizophagus sp. and Claroideoglomus sp. The AMF community analyses demonstrated that rootstock significantly (P < 0·05) influenced the AMF community composition in all sites. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that for a comprehensive identification of AMF, both results from trap culture and molecular work were needed and that the rootstock cultivar was the main driver of the arbuscular mycorrhizal community colonizing the roots. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides a firm foundation for future research exploring the beneficial use of AMF in enhancing grapevine production and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moukarzel
- Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - H J Ridgway
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Guerin-Laguette
- Mycotree C/-Southern Woods Nursery, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - E E Jones
- Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Unraveling the AM fungal community for understanding its ecosystem resilience to changed climate in agroecosystems. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Oyuela Aguilar M, Gobbi A, Browne PD, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Hansen LH, Semorile L, Pistorio M. Influence of vintage, geographic location and cultivar on the structure of microbial communities associated with the grapevine rhizosphere in vineyards of San Juan Province, Argentina. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243848. [PMID: 33315910 PMCID: PMC7735631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbiomes, as a primary reservoir for plant colonizing fungi and bacteria, play a major role in determining plant productivity and preventing invasion by pathogenic microorganisms. The use of 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput amplicon sequencing for analysis of complex microbial communities have increased dramatically in recent years, establishing links between wine specificity and, environmental and viticultural factors, which are framed into the elusive terroir concept. Given the diverse and complex role these factors play on microbial soil structuring of agricultural crops, the main aim of this study is to evaluate how external factors, such as vintage, vineyard location, cultivar and soil characteristics, may affect the diversity of the microbial communities present. Additionally, we aim to compare the influence these factors have on the structuring of bacterial and fungal populations associated with Malbec grapevine rhizosphere with that of the more widespread Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine cultivar. Samples were taken from Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon cultivars from two different vineyards in the San Juan Province of Argentina. Total DNA extracts from the rhizosphere soil samples were sequenced using Illumina’s Miseq technology, targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable 16S rRNA region in prokaryotes and the ITS1 region in yeasts. The major bacterial taxa identified were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, while the major fungal taxa were Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Mortierellomycetes and a low percentage of Glomeromycetes. Significant differences in microbial community composition were found between vintages and vineyard locations, whose soils showed variances in pH, organic matter, and content of carbon, nitrogen, and absorbable phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Oyuela Aguilar
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CCT-La Plata, CONICET, Dto de Cs. Biológicas, Fac. Cs. Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alex Gobbi
- Section of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Patrick D. Browne
- Section of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Section of Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Liliana Semorile
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad de Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Pistorio
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), CCT-La Plata, CONICET, Dto de Cs. Biológicas, Fac. Cs. Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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12
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Space and Vine Cultivar Interact to Determine the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Composition. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040317. [PMID: 33260901 PMCID: PMC7712214 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in the use of microbes as biofertilizers is increasing in recent years as the demands for sustainable cropping systems become more pressing. Although very widely used as biofertilizers, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal associations with specific crops have received little attention and knowledge is limited, especially in the case of vineyards. In this study, the AM fungal community associated with soil and roots of a vineyard on Mallorca Island, Spain was characterized by DNA sequencing to resolve the relative importance of grape variety on their diversity and composition. Overall, soil contained a wider AM fungal diversity than plant roots, and this was found at both taxonomic and phylogenetic levels. The major effect on community composition was associated with sample type, either root or soil material, with a significant effect for the variety of the grape. This effect interacted with the spatial distribution of the plants. Such an interaction revealed a hierarchical effect of abiotic and biotic factors in shaping the composition of AM fungal communities. Our results have direct implications for the understanding of plant-fungal assemblages and the potential functional differences across plants in vineyard cropping.
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Ji L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Yang L, Yang N, Zhang D. Long-term effects of mixed planting on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the roots and soils of Juglans mandshurica plantations. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:304. [PMID: 33045991 PMCID: PMC7552469 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Establishing mixed plantations is an effective way to improve soil fertility and increase forest productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbiotic fungi that can promote mineral nutrient absorption and regulate intraspecific and interspecific competition in plants. However, the effects of mixed plantations on the community structure and abundance of AM fungi are still unclear. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used to investigate the AM fungal community in the roots and soils of pure and mixed plantations (Juglans mandshurica × Larix gmelinii). The objective of this study is to compare the differential responses of the root and rhizosphere soil AM fungal communities of Juglans mandshurica to long-term mixed plantation management. Results Glomus and Paraglomus were the dominant genera in the root samples, accounting for more than 80% of the sequences. Compared with that in the pure plantation, the relative abundance of Glomus was higher in the mixed plantation. Glomus, Diversispora and Paraglomus accounted for more than 85% of the sequences in the soil samples. The relative abundances of Diversispora and an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes were higher and lower in the pure plantation, respectively. The Root_P samples (the roots in the pure plantation) had the highest number of unique OTUs (operational taxonomic units), which belonged mainly to an unidentified genus of Glomeromycetes, Paraglomus, Glomus and Acaulospora. The number of unique OTUs detected in the soil was lower than that in the roots. In both the root and soil samples, the forest type did not have a significant effect on AM fungal diversity, but the Sobs value and the Shannon, Chao1 and Ace indices of AM fungi in the roots were significantly higher than those in the soil. Conclusions Mixed forest management had little effect on the AM fungal community of Juglans mandshurica roots and significantly changed the community composition of the soil AM fungi, but not the diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.,Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- Jilin Academy of Forestry, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lixue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.,ZEHO Waterfront Ecological Environment Management Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
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14
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Massa N, Bona E, Novello G, Todeschini V, Boatti L, Mignone F, Gamalero E, Lingua G, Berta G, Cesaro P. AMF communities associated to Vitis vinifera in an Italian vineyard subjected to integrated pest management at two different phenological stages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9197. [PMID: 32514032 PMCID: PMC7280190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. is an economically important crop that can be influenced by soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), that establish symbiotic associations with its roots. AMF have beneficial effects on grapevine performance improving water use efficiency and replant success. Most grapevine varieties are susceptible to various diseases, and integrated pest management (IPM) is one of the emerging approaches to perform pest control. In the present study, we examined the AMF communities present in the soil associated to the roots of V. vinifera cv. Pinot Noir (comparing them to those present in a soil not affected by grapevine roots), in a vineyard subjected to IPM at two different phenological stages, using 454 Roche sequencing technology. We proposed a new approach to analyze sequencing data. Most of the taxa were included in the family Glomeraceae. In particular, Glomus sp. Rhizophagus sp. and Septoglomus viscosum were present. The family Archeosporaceae was represented only by the genus Archeospora sp. Different AMF communities were found in the two soils and the importance of the phenological stage in regulating AMF biodiversity was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Massa
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - E Bona
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - G Novello
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - V Todeschini
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Piazza San Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - L Boatti
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - F Mignone
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
- SmartSeq s.r.l., spin-off of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - E Gamalero
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - G Lingua
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - G Berta
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy
| | - P Cesaro
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Viale T. Michel 11, Alessandria, 15121, Italy.
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15
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Malicka M, Magurno F, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Chmura D. Arbuscular mycorrhizal and microbial profiles of an aged phenol-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110299. [PMID: 32058165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous, obligatory plant symbionts that have a beneficial influence on plants in contaminated environments. This study focused on evaluating the biomass and biodiversity of the AMF and microbial communities associated with Poa trivialis and Phragmites australis plants sampled at an aged site contaminated with phenol and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and an uncontaminated control site. We analyzed the soil phospholipid fatty acid profile to describe the general structure of microbial communities. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis with primers targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was used to characterize the biodiversity of the AMF communities and identify dominant AMF species associated with the host plants in the polluted and control environments. The root mycorrhizal colonization and AMF biomass in the soil were negatively affected by the presence of PAHs and phenol, with no significant differences between the studied plant species, whereas the biodiversity of the AMF communities were influenced by the soil contamination and plant species. Soil contamination was more detrimental to the biodiversity of AMF communities associated with Ph. australis, compared to P. trivialis. Both species favored the development of different AMF species, which might be related to the specific features of their different root systems and soil microbial communities. The contaminated site was dominated by AMF generalists like Funneliformis and Rhizophagus, whereas in the control site Dominikia, Archaeospora, Claroideoglomus, Glomus, and Diversispora were also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Malicka
- Institute of Biology Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28 Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Franco Magurno
- Institute of Biology Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28 Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Piotrowska-Seget
- Institute of Biology Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28 Street, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian Chmura
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, 2 Willowa Street, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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16
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Pellegrino E, Gamper HA, Ciccolini V, Ercoli L. Forage Rotations Conserve Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Fertility. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2969. [PMID: 31998261 PMCID: PMC6962183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Mediterranean, long-term impact of typical land uses on soil fertility have not been quantified yet on replicated mixed crop-livestock farms and considering the variability of soil texture. Here, we report the effects, after 15 years of practice, of two legume-winter cereal rotations, olive orchards and vineyards on microbiological and chemical indicators of soil fertility and the communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We compare the changes among these four agricultural land-use types to woodland reference sites. Root colonization by AMF of English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), a grass that occurred under all land use types, was only half as heavy in biannual berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)-winter cereal rotations than in 4-year alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-winter cereal rotations. In olive (Olea europaea L.) orchards and vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.), where weeds are controlled by frequent surface tillage, the AMF root colonization of ryegrass was again much lower than in the legume-cereal rotations and at the woodland reference sites. All the microbial parameters and soil organic carbon correlated most strongly with differences in occurrence and relative abundance (β-diversity) of AMF genera in soil. The soil pH and mineral nutrients in soil strongly correlated with differences in AMF root colonization and AMF genus richness (α-diversity) in soil. Diversity of AMF was much less affected by soil texture than land use, while the opposite was true for microbial and chemical soil fertility indicators. Land uses that guaranteed a continuous ground cover of herbaceous plants and that involved only infrequent tillage, such as multiyear alfalfa-winter cereal rotation, allowed members of the AMF genus Scutellospora to persist and remain abundant. On the contrary, under land uses accompanied by frequent tillage and hence discontinuous presence of herbaceous plants, such as tilled olive orchard and vineyard, members of the genus Funneliformis dominated. These results suggest that multiyear alfalfa-winter cereal rotation with active plant growth throughout the year is the least detrimental agricultural land use in soil carbon and AMF abundance and diversity, relative to the woodland reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hannes A. Gamper
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Ercoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Schreiner RP. Depth structures the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi amplified from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) roots. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:149-160. [PMID: 31993741 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associating with grapevines has been determined previously, yet little is known of how the community in roots is shaped by depth in the soil or where roots occur in different management zones of the vineyard (vine row versus alley). The influence of depth, management zone, and time of year on the community of AMF in grape roots was examined. I also tested the potential influence of the alley vegetation on AMF in grapevines by comparing the taxa amplified from roots of other plants retrieved from the alley surface soil to those from grapevines growing in the same zone. Depth shaped the AMF community in grapevine roots more than the management zone based on dissimilarity among all grapevine samples. Time of the growing season did not, although AMF taxa richness was greater in grapevine roots collected in late summer (veraison) than it was in late spring (bloom). The number of abundant AMF taxa in grapevine roots from the uppermost soil depth in the vine row was substantially lower in late spring than in late summer, and this was related to high soil nitrate in late spring. The alley vegetation comprised primarily grass, and clover plants harbored a different AMF community in roots than did intermingled grapevine roots. The change in the AMF community in a single perennial host (grape) that occurred with depth in this study resulted from a shift among common taxa as opposed to the appearance of unique taxa in the subsoil.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paul Schreiner
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, Oregon, 97330, USA.
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18
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Torres N, Hilbert G, Antolín MC, Goicoechea N. Aminoacids and Flavonoids Profiling in Tempranillo Berries Can Be Modulated by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E400. [PMID: 31597352 PMCID: PMC6843615 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo is cultivated over the world for its wine of high quality. The association of Tempranillo with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) induced the accumulation of phenolics and carotenoids in leaves, affected the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) during berry ripening, and modulated some characteristics and quality aspects of grapes. The objective of this study was to elucidate if AMF influenced the profiles and the content of primary and secondary metabolites determinants for berry quality in Tempranillo. (2) Methods: Fruit-bearing cuttings inoculated with AMF or uninoculated were cultivated under controlled conditions. (3) Results: Mycorrhizal symbiosis modified the profile of metabolites in Tempranillo berries, especially those of the primary compounds. The levels of glucose and amino acids clearly increased in berries of mycorrhized Tempranillo grapevines, including those of the aromatic precursor amino acids. However, mycorrhizal inoculation barely influenced the total amount and the profiles of anthocyanins and flavonols in berries. (4) Conclusions: Mycorrhizal inoculation of Tempranillo grapevines may be an alternative to the exogenous application of nitrogen compounds in order to enhance the contents of amino acids in grapes, which may affect the aromatic characteristics of wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth Torres
- Department of Environmental Biology, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Schools of Sciences and Pharmacy and Nutrition,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, 75338 Paris, France.
| | - María Carmen Antolín
- Department of Environmental Biology, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Schools of Sciences and Pharmacy and Nutrition,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Department of Environmental Biology, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Schools of Sciences and Pharmacy and Nutrition,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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19
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Berlanas C, Berbegal M, Elena G, Laidani M, Cibriain JF, Sagües A, Gramaje D. The Fungal and Bacterial Rhizosphere Microbiome Associated With Grapevine Rootstock Genotypes in Mature and Young Vineyards. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1142. [PMID: 31178845 PMCID: PMC6538693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota colonizing the rhizosphere and the endorhizosphere contribute to plant growth, productivity, carbon sequestration, and phytoremediation. Several studies suggested that different plants types and even genotypes of the same plant species harbor partially different microbiomes. Here, we characterize the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal microbiota across five grapevine rootstock genotypes cultivated in the same soil at two vineyards and sampling dates over 2 years by 16S rRNA gene and ITS high-throughput amplicon sequencing. In addition, we use quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach to measure the relative abundance and dynamic changes of fungal pathogens associated with black-foot disease. The objectives were to (1) unravel the effects of rootstock genotype on microbial communities in the rhizosphere of grapevine and (2) to compare the relative abundances of sequence reads and DNA amount of black-foot disease pathogens. Host genetic control of the microbiome was evident in the rhizosphere of the mature vineyard. Microbiome composition also shifted as year of sampling, and fungal diversity varied with sampling moments. Linear discriminant analysis identified specific bacterial (i.e., Bacillus) and fungal (i.e., Glomus) taxa associated with grapevine rootstocks. Host genotype did not predict any summary metrics of rhizosphere α- and β-diversity in the young vineyard. Regarding black-foot associated pathogens, a significant correlation between sequencing reads and qPCR was observed. In conclusion, grapevine rootstock genotypes in the mature vineyard were associated with different rhizosphere microbiomes. The latter could also have been affected by age of the vineyard, soil properties or field management practices. A more comprehensive study is needed to decipher the cause of the rootstock microbiome selection and the mechanisms by which grapevines are able to shape their associated microbial community. Understanding the vast diversity of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere and the interactions between microbiota and grapevine will facilitate the development of future strategies for grapevine protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berlanas
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de la Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Mónica Berbegal
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Georgina Elena
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Meriem Laidani
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Félix Cibriain
- EVENA, Sección de Viticultura y Enología del Gobierno de Navarra, Olite, Spain
| | - Ana Sagües
- EVENA, Sección de Viticultura y Enología del Gobierno de Navarra, Olite, Spain
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de la Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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20
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Hontoria C, García-González I, Quemada M, Roldán A, Alguacil MM. The cover crop determines the AMF community composition in soil and in roots of maize after a ten-year continuous crop rotation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:913-922. [PMID: 30743976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agricultural practices are responsible for soil biological degradation. By stimulating indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cover cropping enhances soil health and promotes agroecosystem sustainability. Still, the legacy effects of cover crops (CCs) and the major factors driving the AM fungal community are not well known; neither is the influence of the specific CC. This work describes a field experiment established in Central Spain to test the effect of replacing winter fallow by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or vetch (Vicia sativa L.) during the intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.). We examined the community composition of the AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil associated with the subsequent cash crop after 10 years of cover cropping, using Illumina technology. The multivariate analysis showed that the AMF communities under the barley treatment differed significantly from those under fallow, whereas no legacy effect of the vetch CC was detected. Soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, pH, Ca and microbial biomass carbon were identified as major factors shaping soil AMF communities. Specific AMF taxa were found to play a role in plant uptake of P, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cd, which may shed light on the functionality of these taxa. In our conditions, the use of barley as a winter CC appears to be an appropriate choice with respect to promotion of AMF populations and biological activity in agricultural soils with intercropping systems. However, more research on CC species and their legacy effect on the microbial community composition and functionality are needed to guide decisions in knowledge-based agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hontoria
- Department of Agricultural Production, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, n° 2-4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I García-González
- Department of Agricultural Production, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, n° 2-4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Quemada
- Department of Agricultural Production, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, n° 2-4, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Estudios e Investigación para la Gestión de Riesgos Agrarios y Medioambientales, CEIGRAM-UPM, Senda del Rey 13, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Roldán
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M M Alguacil
- Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems Department, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada 18008, Spain; Department of Soil and Water Conservation, CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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21
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Torres N, Goicoechea N, Zamarreño AM, Carmen Antolín M. Mycorrhizal symbiosis affects ABA metabolism during berry ripening in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo grown under climate change scenarios. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:383-393. [PMID: 30080626 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is a promising tool for improving the quality of grapes under changing environments. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine if the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance phenolic content (specifically, anthocyanins) in a climate change framework could be mediated by alterations in berry ABA metabolism during ripening. The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings of cv. Tempranillo (CL-1048 and CL-1089) inoculated (+M) or not (-M) with AMF. Two experimental designs were implemented. In the first experiment +M and -M plants were subjected to two temperatures (24/14 °C or 28/18 °C (day/night)) from fruit set to berry maturity. In the second experiment, +M and -M plants were subjected to two temperatures (24/14 °C or 28/18 °C (day/night)) combined with two irrigation regimes (late water deficit (LD) and full irrigation (FI)). At 28/18 °C AMF contributed to an increase in berry anthocyanins and modulated ABA metabolism, leading to higher ABA-GE and 7'OH-ABA and lower phaseic acid (PA) in berries compared to -M plants. Under the most stressful scenario (LD and 28/18 °C), at harvest +M plants exhibited higher berry anthocyanins and 7´OH-ABA and lower PA and dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) levels than -M plants. These findings highlight the involvement of ABA metabolism into the ability of AMF to improve some traits involved in the quality of grapes under global warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth Torres
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Biología y Química Agrícola (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Antolín
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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22
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Torres N, Antolín MC, Garmendia I, Goicoechea N. Nutritional properties of Tempranillo grapevine leaves are affected by clonal diversity, mycorrhizal symbiosis and air temperature regime. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:542-554. [PMID: 30098586 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tempranillo grapevine is widely cultivated in Spain and other countries over the world (Portugal, USA, France, Australia, and Argentina, among others) for its wine, but leaves are scarcely used for human or animal nutrition. Since high temperatures affect quality of fruits and leaves in grapevine and the association of Tempranillo with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhances the antioxidant properties of berries and leaves, we assessed the effect of elevated air temperature and mycorrhization, separately or combined, on the nutritional properties of Tempranillo leaves at the time of fruit harvest. Experimental assay included three clones (CL-260, CL-1048, and CL-1089) and two temperature regimes (24/14 °C or 28/18 °C day/night) during fruit ripening. Within each clone and temperature regime there were plants not inoculated or inoculated with AMF. The nutritional value of leaves increased under warming climate: elevated temperatures induced the accumulation of minerals, especially in CL-1089; antioxidant capacity and soluble sugars also increased in CL-1089; CL-260 showed enhanced amounts of pigments, and chlorophylls and soluble proteins increased in CL-1048. Results suggested the possibility of collecting leaves together with fruit harvest with different applications of every clone: those from CL-1089 would be adequate for an energetic diet and leaves from CL-260 and CL-1048 would be suitable for culinary processes. Mycorrhization improved the nutritional value of leaves by enhancing flavonols in all clones, hydroxycinnamic acids in CL-1089 and carotenoids in CL-260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth Torres
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Antolín
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoia Garmendia
- Universidad de Alicante, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Pamplona, Spain.
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Torres N, Antolín MC, Goicoechea N. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis as a Promising Resource for Improving Berry Quality in Grapevines Under Changing Environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:897. [PMID: 30008729 PMCID: PMC6034061 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and their resulting impacts are becoming a concern for winegrowers due to the high socioeconomic relevance of the winemaking sector worldwide. In fact, the projected climate change is expected to have detrimental impacts on the yield of grapevines, as well as on the quality and properties of grapes and wine. It is well known that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve the nutritional quality of edible parts of crops and play essential roles in the maintenance of host plant fitness under stressed environments, including grapevines. The future scenarios of climate change may also modify the diversity and the growth of AMF in soils as well as the functionality of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on the effects of climate change on grapevine metabolism, paying special attention to the secondary compounds involved in the organoleptic properties of grapes and wines and to the levels of the phytohormones implied in the control of berry development and fruit ripening. In this context, the potential role of AMF for maintaining fruit quality in future climate change scenarios is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, ICVV, Logroño), Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Zhao H, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Yang J, Zhu Y. Species diversity and drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in a semi-arid mountain in China. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4155. [PMID: 29230378 PMCID: PMC5724403 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an essential role in complex ecosystems. However, the species diversity and composition of AMF communities remain unclear in semi-arid mountains. Further, it is not well understood if the characteristics of AMF community assemblies differ for different habitat types, e.g., agricultural arable land, artificial forest land, natural grassland, and bush/wood land. Here, using the high-throughput technology by Illumina sequencing on the MiSeq platform, we explored the species diversity and composition of soil AMF communities among different habitat types in a semi-arid mountain (Taihang Mountain, Mid-western region of China). Then, we analyzed the effect of nutrient composition and soil texture on AMF community assembly. Our results showed that members of the Glomus genera were predominated in all soil types. The distance-based redundancy analysis indicated that the content of water, available phosphorus, and available potassium were the most crucial geochemical factors that significantly affected AMF communities (p < 0.05). The analysis of the soil texture confirmed that AMF diversity was negatively correlated with soil clay content. The comparison of AMF diversity among the various habitat types revealed that the artificial forest land had the lowest AMF diversity in comparison with other land types. Our findings suggest that there were differences in species diversity and composition of soil AMF communities among different habitat types. These findings shed new light on the characteristics of community structure and drivers of community assembly in AMF in semi-arid mountains, and point to the potential importance of different habitat types on AMF communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuanzhen Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Balestrini R, Salvioli A, Dal Molin A, Novero M, Gabelli G, Paparelli E, Marroni F, Bonfante P. Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus versus a mixed microbial inoculum on the transcriptome reprogramming of grapevine roots. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:417-430. [PMID: 28101667 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine, cultivated for both fruit and beverage production, represents one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. With the aim of better understanding how grape roots respond to beneficial microbes, a transcriptome sequencing experiment has been performed to evaluate the impact of a single arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species (Funneliformis mosseae) versus a mixed inoculum containing a bacterial and fungal consortium, including different AM species, on Richter 110 rootstock. Results showed that the impact of a single AM fungus and of a complex microbial inoculum on the grapevine transcriptome differed. After 3 months, roots exclusively were colonized after the F. mosseae treatment and several AM marker genes were found to be upregulated. The mixed inoculum led only to traces of colonization by AM fungi, but elicited an important transcriptional regulation. Additionally, the expression of genes belonging to categories such as nutrient transport, transcription factors, and cell wall-related genes was significantly altered in both treatments, but the exact genes affected differed in the two conditions. These findings advance our understanding about the impact of soil beneficial microbes on the root system of a woody plant, also offering the basis for novel approaches in grapevine cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante del CNR, SS Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Salvioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dal Molin
- Centro di Genomica Funzionale dell'Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Mara Novero
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gabelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Paparelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali (DI4A), Università degli Studi di Udine, Viale delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata (IGA), Via J. Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali (DI4A), Università degli Studi di Udine, Viale delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata (IGA), Via J. Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
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The impact of mycorrhizal fungi on Sangiovese red wine production: Phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Soil Characteristics Driving Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Semiarid Mediterranean Soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3348-3356. [PMID: 27016567 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03982-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the roots and the rhizosphere soil of Brachypodium retusum in six different natural soils under field conditions. We explored phylogenetic patterns of AMF composition using indicator species analyses to find AMF associated with a given habitat (root versus rhizosphere) or soil type. We tested whether the AMF characteristics of different habitats or contrasting soils were more closely related than expected by chance. Then we used principal-component analysis and multivariate analysis of variance to test for the relative contribution of each factor in explaining the variation in fungal community composition. Finally, we used redundancy analysis to identify the soil properties that significantly explained the differences in AMF communities across soil types. The results pointed out a tendency of AMF communities in roots to be closely related and different from those in the rhizosphere soil. The indicator species analyses revealed AMF associated with rhizosphere soil and the root habitat. Soil type also determined the distribution of AMF communities in soils, and this effect could not be attributed to a single soil characteristic, as at least three soil properties related to microbial activity, i.e., pH and levels of two micronutrients (Mn and Zn), played significant roles in triggering AMF populations. IMPORTANCE Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are main components of soil biota that can determine the productivity of ecosystems. These fungal assemblages vary across host plants and ecosystems, but the main ecological processes that shape the structures of these communities are still largely unknown. A field study in six different soil types from semiarid areas revealed that AMF communities are significantly influenced by habitat (soil versus roots) and soil type. In addition, three soil properties related to microbiological activity (i.e., pH and manganese and zinc levels) were the main factors triggering the distribution of AMF. These results contribute to a better understanding of the ecological factors that can shape AMF communities, an important soil microbial group that affects multiple ecosystem functions.
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Molecular diversity and distribution of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal communities colonizing roots of two different winter cover crops in response to their root proliferation. J Microbiol 2016; 54:86-97. [PMID: 26832664 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-5379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A clear understanding of how crop root proliferation affects the distribution of the spore abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the composition of AMF communities in agricultural fields is imperative to identify the potential roles of AMF in winter cover crop rotational systems. Toward this goal, we conducted a field trial using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) grown during the winter season. We conducted a molecular analysis to compare the diversity and distribution of AMF communities in roots and spore abundance in soil cropped with wheat and red clover. The AMF spore abundance, AMF root colonization, and abundance of root length were investigated at three different distances from winter crops (0 cm, 7.5 cm, and 15 cm), and differences in these variables were found between the two crops. The distribution of specific AMF communities and variables responded to the two winter cover crops. The majority of Glomerales phylotypes were common to the roots of both winter cover crops, but Gigaspora phylotypes in Gigasporales were found only in red clover roots. These results also demonstrated that the diversity of the AMF colonizing the roots did not significantly change with the three distances from the crop within each rotation but was strongly influenced by the host crop identity. The distribution of specific AMF phylotypes responded to the presence of wheat and red clover roots, indicating that the host crop identity was much more important than the proliferation of crop roots in determining the diversity of the AMF communities.
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From monoculture to the Norfolk system: assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities associated with different crop rotation systems. Symbiosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-014-0309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gerbore J, Vallance J, Yacoub A, Delmotte F, Grizard D, Regnault-Roger C, Rey P. Characterization of Pythium oligandrum populations that colonize the rhizosphere of vines from the Bordeaux region. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:153-67. [PMID: 25041717 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on one oomycete, Pythium oligandrum, well-known for its plant protection abilities, which thrives in microbial environment where bacteria and fungal communities are also present. The genetic structures and dynamics of fungal and bacterial communities were studied in three Bordeaux subregions with various types of soil, using single-strand conformation polymorphism. The structure of the fungal communities colonizing the rhizosphere of vines planted in sandy-stony soils was markedly different from that those planted in silty and sandy soils; such differences were not observed for bacteria. In our 2-year experiment, the roots of all the vine samples were also colonized by echinulated oospore Pythium species, with P. oligandrum predominating. Cytochrome oxidase I and tubulin gene sequencings showed that P. oligandrum strains clustered into three groups. Based on elicitin-like genes coding for proteins able to induce plant resistance, six populations were identified. However, none of these groups was assigned to a particular subregion of Bordeaux vineyards, suggesting that these factors do not shape the genetic structure of P. oligandrum populations. Results showed that different types of rootstock and weeding management both influence root colonization by P. oligandrum. These results should prove particularly useful in improving the management of potentially plant-protective microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gerbore
- INRA, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, France; BIOVITIS, Saint Etienne de Chomeil, France; UMR CNRS 5254/IPREM-EEM, IBEAS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Pau, France
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Higo M, Isobe K, Yamaguchi M, Torigoe Y. Impact of a soil sampling strategy on the spatial distribution and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities at a small scale in two winter cover crop rotational systems. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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32
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Montes-Borrego M, Metsis M, Landa BB. Arbuscular mycorhizal fungi associated with the olive crop across the Andalusian landscape: factors driving community differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96397. [PMID: 24797669 PMCID: PMC4010464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last years, many olive plantations in southern Spain have been mediated by the use of self-rooted planting stocks, which have incorporated commercial AMF during the nursery period to facilitate their establishment. However, this was practised without enough knowledge on the effect of cropping practices and environment on the biodiversity of AMF in olive orchards in Spain. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Two culture-independent molecular methods were used to study the AMF communities associated with olive in a wide-region analysis in southern Spain including 96 olive locations. The use of T-RFLP and pyrosequencing analysis of rDNA sequences provided the first evidence of an effect of agronomic and climatic characteristics, and soil physicochemical properties on AMF community composition associated with olive. Thus, the factors most strongly associated to AMF distribution varied according to the technique but included among the studied agronomic characteristics the cultivar genotype and age of plantation and the irrigation regimen but not the orchard management system or presence of a cover crop to prevent soil erosion. Soil physicochemical properties and climatic characteristics most strongly associated to the AMF community composition included pH, textural components and nutrient contents of soil, and average evapotranspiration, rainfall and minimum temperature of the sampled locations. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed 33 AMF OTUs belonging to five families, with Archaeospora spp., Diversispora spp. and Paraglomus spp., being first records in olive. Interestingly, two of the most frequent OTUs included a diverse group of Claroideoglomeraceae and Glomeraceae sequences, not assigned to any known AMF species commonly used as inoculants in olive during nursery propagation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggests that AMF can exert higher host specificity in olive than previously thought, which may have important implications for redirecting the olive nursery process in the future as well as to take into consideration the specific soils and environments where the mycorrhized olive trees will be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Montes-Borrego
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Madis Metsis
- Tallinn University, Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Blanca B. Landa
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Cordoba, Spain
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Alguacil MDM, Torrecillas E, Lozano Z, Torres MP, Roldán A. Prunus persica crop management differentially promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in a tropical agro-ecosystem. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88454. [PMID: 24520389 PMCID: PMC3919774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the important role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in ecosystem functioning, determination of the effect of management practices on the AMF diversity in agricultural soils is essential for the sustainability of these agro-ecosystems. The objective of this study was to compare the AMF diversity in Prunus persica roots under two types of fertilisation (inorganic, with or without manure) combined with integrated or chemical pest management in a Venezuelan agro-ecosystem. The AM fungal small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes were subjected to PCR, cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Twenty-one different phylotypes were identified: 15 belonged to the genus Glomus, one to Claroideoglomus, two to Paraglomus, one to Acaulospora, one to Scutellospora and one to Archaeospora. The distribution of the AMF community composition differed as a consequence of the treatment effects. The treatment combining organic and inorganic fertilisation with chemical pest control had the highest AMF richness and the treatment combining inorganic fertilisation with chemical pest had the lowest. The real causes and effects of these differences in the AMF community are very difficult to establish, since the crop management regimes tested were composed of several interacting factors. In conclusion, the crop management practices can exert a significant influence on the populations of AMF. The treatment combining organic and inorganic fertilisation with chemical pest control appears to be the most suitable agricultural management strategy with respect to improving the AMF diversity in this crop under tropical conditions, and thus for maintaining the agricultural and environmental sustainability of this agro-ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Alguacil
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emma Torrecillas
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Zenaida Lozano
- Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Edafología, El Limón, Campus Universitario, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Maria Pilar Torres
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Area de Botánica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Roldán
- CSIC-Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Likar M, Hančević K, Radić T, Regvar M. Distribution and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in grapevines from production vineyards along the eastern Adriatic coast. MYCORRHIZA 2013; 23:209-219. [PMID: 23053577 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-012-0463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The colonisation and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on roots of grapevines were investigated in production vineyards located along a 500-km-long stretch of karst along the coast of the Adriatic Sea. AMF communities on roots of grapevines were analysed using temporal temperature gel electrophoresis and sequencing of the 18S and internal transcribed spacer segments of the rDNA operon. The AMF colonisation of these grapevines roots was consistent along the whole of this east Adriatic karst region, at 64 to 82% of fine roots. The comparison of the AMF communities on the roots of these grapevines showed that the fungal community associated with grapevine roots seems to be relatively stable, with inter-vineyard variability comparable to intra-vineyard variability. Some of the changes in the fungal communities were attributed to environmental factors (plant-available P) and location of the vineyard, although the latter could also have been influenced by an unmeasured environmental factor. A total of 27 taxa of fungi were identified, including taxa from Glomus group B, based on the sequencing of 18S rDNA. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA yielded 30 different fungal taxa, which comprised eight different Glomeromycota taxa, including Glomus sinuosum and Glomus indicum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of grapevine colonisation by G. indicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matevž Likar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 SI, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi detected in forest soil are spatially heterogeneous but do not vary throughout the growing season. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41938. [PMID: 22879900 PMCID: PMC3413688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the important ecosystem role played by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), little is known about spatial and temporal variation in soil AMF communities. We used pyrosequencing to characterise AMF communities in soil samples (n = 44) from a natural forest ecosystem. Fungal taxa were identified by BLAST matching of reads against the MaarjAM database of AMF SSU rRNA gene diversity. Sub-sampling within our dataset and experimental shortening of a set of long reads indicated that our approaches to taxonomic identification and diversity analysis were robust to variations in pyrosequencing read length and numbers of reads per sample. Different forest plots (each 10×10 m and separated from one another by 30 m) contained significantly different soil AMF communities, and the pairwise similarity of communities decreased with distance up to 50 m. However, there were no significant changes in community composition between different time points in the growing season (May-September). Spatial structure in soil AMF communities may be related to the heterogeneous vegetation of the natural forest study system, while the temporal stability of communities suggests that AMF in soil represent a fairly constant local species pool from which mycorrhizae form and disband during the season.
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