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Li N, Meng J, He Y, Wang W, Wang J. Potential roles of Culicoides spp. ( Culicoides imicola, Culicoides oxystoma) as biological vectors of bluetongue virus in Yuanyang of Yunnan, P. R. China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1283216. [PMID: 38274733 PMCID: PMC10809989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1283216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Culicoides plays a crucial role as an insect vector in the field of veterinary medicine. The transmission of significant viruses such as bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) by this insect poses a substantial threat, leading to the development of severe diseases in domestic animals. This study aimed to explore the Culicoides species, identify their blood-meal sources, and assess the presence of BTV and AHSV carried by Culicoides in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province. The aim was to gain insights into the potential vectors of these two viruses and elucidate their potential roles in the transmission of pathogens. Methods The midges were collected from cattle (Bos indicus), pig (Sus scrofa), and goat (Capra hircus) pens in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province in June 2020. Initial identification of midges was conducted through morphological characteristics, followed by molecular identification using the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The determination of Culicoides blood-meal sources was accomplished using specific primers targeting the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene from potential hosts. BTV and AHSV RNA were identified in Culicoides pools through the application of reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. Nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using MegAlign (DNAStar) and Mega 6.0 software. Results A total of 6,300 Culicoides, consisting of C. oxystoma, C. arakawai, C. imicola, and C. innoxius, were collected from cattle, pigs, and goat pens. The engorgement rates for these species were 30.2%, 54.6%, 75%, and 66.7%, respectively. In the cattle pen, the prevailing species is C. oxystoma (100%). In the pig pen, C. arakawai dominates (70%), with C. oxystoma following at 30%. In the goat pen, C. imicola holds the majority (45.45%), trailed by C. oxystoma (25%), C. innoxius (20.45%), and C. arakawai (9.09%). These Culicoides species were identified as feeding on cattle, pigs, goats, chickens (Gallus gallus), and humans (Homo sapiens). The positivity rates for BTV were 20.00% and 11.54% in blood-fed specimens of C. imicola and C. oxystoma, respectively. Conversely, the positivity rates for BTV in non-blood-fed specimens were 0.00% and 6.67% for C. imicola and C. oxystoma, respectively. BTV was not detected in C. arakawai and C. innoxius. The specimens (YY86) from C. imicola that tested positive for BTV had the closest genetic relationship to YTS-4 isolated from Mangshi, Yunnan Province in 1996. All test results for the nucleic acid of AHSV were negative. Conclusion The study reveals variations in the species distribution, community composition, blood sucking rate, and blood-feeding sources of Culicoides across different habitats. Notably, C. imicola and C. oxystoma emerge as potential vectors for the transmission of BTV in local animals. Accordingly, this investigation provides crucial insights that can serve as a valuable reference for the prevention and control of BTV in local animals, particularly from the perspective of vector management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- The Aquaculture Workstation of Yuanyang County Agriculture, Rural Affairs, and Science and Technology Bureau, Yuanyang, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Viral Disease Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
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Kar S, Mondal B, Pal A, Mazumdar A. Molecular identification of Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides actoni vectors of bluetongue virus. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:534-541. [PMID: 37000487 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue is a non-contagious viral disease causing significant economic losses throughout the world. The bluetongue vectors Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides actoni, which play a significant role in the transmission of various pathogens, are distributed across different geographical realms. Adults are minute in size with wide phenotypic variation, so morphology-based species identification is severely constrained by preparatory time and shortage of taxonomic expertise. To make the identification process rapid and effective, a specific primer was designed for the identification of C. actoni based on the multiple sequence alignment of ITS1 sequences of 11 Culicoides species. Along with this, a refined version of existing C. oxystoma specific primer was proposed. The primer sets distinguished C. oxystoma and C. actoni from a pooled sample consisting of other Culicoides species as well as closely related genera such as Forcipomyia and Alluaudomyia. Our findings suggest that the primers were species specific, sensitive and have potential to discriminate vector species C. oxystoma and C. actoni from pooled samples. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first ITS1 sequences generated and submitted in GenBank for Culicoides innoxius, Culicoides shortti, Culicoides palpifer and Culicoides anophelis and the first for Culicoides peregrinus, Culicoides fulvus and C. actoni from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Kar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Arjun Pal
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India
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Mahapatra CS, Sharma P, Biswas SK, Chand K. Development of ELISA for the detection of antibodies against VP2 protein of bluetongue virus serotype-1. J Immunol Methods 2022; 511:113386. [PMID: 36384199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Serotype-specific diagnosis of bluetongue virus (BTV) is necessary for sero-surveillance and taking effective control measures. The VP2 is the major serotype determining protein and BTV-1 is the most predominant serotype in India. In the present study, an indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) was optimized for the detection of serotype-specific antibody against BTV-1 serotype. The VP2 protein of BTV-1 was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system and used to optimize i-ELISA to detect VP2 antibodies of BTV-1 in serum samples of both small and large ruminants. Serum samples (n = 363) classified as positive and negative for antibodies to BTV-1 by serum neutralization test (SNT) and also positive and negative for BTV antibodies by c-ELSIA kit (VMRD, USA) were used to determine the cut-off value, diagnostic sensitivity (DSn), and diagnostic specificity (D-Sp) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The percent positivity (PP) value >30.10% was accepted as the cut-off for i-ELISA at which DSn of 99.52% and D-Sp of 99.35% was observed with a 95% confidence interval. Further, there was no cross-reactivity with other available BTV serotypes in the country. The study indicated serotype-specific i-ELISA is sensitive, specific and suitable alternative to tedious SNT method for determining serotype. The assay will also help in the serotype-specific epidemiological studies and implementation of future control strategies including vaccination and selection of suitable serotype as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayna Singha Mahapatra
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, 263138 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priya Sharma
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, 263138 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanchay Kumar Biswas
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, 263138 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Karam Chand
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, 263138 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
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Choocherd S, Pattanatanang K, Chimnoi W, Kamyingkird K, Tongyoo P, Phasuk J. Preliminary Study on Comparative Efficacy of Four Light Sources for Trapping Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1719-1723. [PMID: 35899797 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The light trap is an important tool to determine the presence and abundance of vectors in the field. However, no one has studied the efficiency of light traps for collecting Culicoides in Thailand. In the present study, the efficacy of four light sources was evaluated in Prachuap Khiri Khan province, Thailand. Incandescent (INCND) light, white fluorescent (WHT-FLR) light, ultraviolet fluorescent (UV-FLR) light, and UV light-emitting diode (UV-LED) light were tested using commercial traps. In total, 30,866 individuals of Culicoides species were collected from November 2020 to June 2021, of which 21,016 were trapped on site 1 and 6,731 were trapped on site 2. The two most abundant Culicoides species were C. imicola (54%) and C. oxystoma (31.2%). UV-FLR was highly effective, followed by UV-LED light, WHT-FLR light, and INCND light, respectively, for Culicoides collection. Significantly, more Culicoides species were collected in those traps baited with UV-FLR light, UV-LED light, or WHT-FLR light than for INCND light traps. Traps equipped with UV-FLR lights can be recommended to trap Culcoides biting midges for monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Choocherd
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khampee Pattanatanang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wissanuwat Chimnoi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ketsarin Kamyingkird
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pumipat Tongyoo
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology: (AG-BIO/MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jumnongjit Phasuk
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mondal B, Kar S, Mazumdar SM, Mazumdar A. Evaluation of resting traps: An approach to understand resting biology of Culicoides spp. in backyard cattle shed. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mazumdar SM, Mazumdar A, Chattopadhyay S. First report of Culicoides associated with goat and sheep from Jharkhand, India. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Morphological and molecular differentiation between Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides kingi (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Tunisia. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:607. [PMID: 34922599 PMCID: PMC8684274 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Culicoides kingi and Culicoides oxystoma belong to the Schultzei group of biting midges. These two species are vectors of disease in livestock of economic importance. As described in the literature, morphological identification for discrimination between them is still unclear. However, species-specific identification is necessary to solve taxonomic challenges between species and to understand their roles in disease transmission and epidemiology. This study aims to develop accurate tools to discriminate C. oxystoma from C. kingi using traditional morphometry and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) assays for use in developing countries. Methods Specimens were collected from the region of Kairouan in central Tunisia. A total of 446 C. oxystoma/C. kingi individuals were identified using traditional morphometric analyses combined with PCR–RFLP of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Thirteen morphometric measurements were performed from the head, wings, and abdomen of slide-mounted specimens, and six ratios were calculated between these measurements. Multivariate analyses of the morphometric measurements were explored to identify which variables could lead to accurate species identification. Results Four variables, namely antennae, wings, spermathecae, and palpus length, were suitable morphometric characteristics to differentiate between the species. Digestion with the SspI restriction enzyme of the PCR product led to good discriminative ability. Molecular procedures and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the efficiency of this simple and rapid PCR–RFLP method. Conclusions This study highlights for the first time in Tunisia the presence of C. oxystoma and its discrimination from C. kingi using abdominal measurements and the PCR–RFLP method. This approach could be applied in future epidemiological studies at the national and international levels. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05084-8.
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Harsha R, Mazumdar SM, Mazumdar A. Abundance, diversity and temporal activity of adult Culicoides spp. associated with cattle in West Bengal, India. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 34:327-343. [PMID: 32357384 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relative abundance, species composition and temporal activity of Culicoides midges were studied for a period of 2 years (2012-2014) using suction ultra violet light traps at two sites located in the agriculture heartland of West Bengal, India. Surveillance in close proximity to cattle recorded predominance of five species with C oxystoma and C. peregrinus as the most dominant species followed by C. fulvus, C. innoxius and C. anophelis. The temporal activity of midges was investigated for seven consecutive nights at one site in August-September, 2012 and the predominant species was Culicoides oxystoma followed by Culicoides peregrinus. All of the species exhibited crepuscular activity with their flight activity increasing from dusk to dawn. Engorged adults constituted dominant age group in collections. Studies on population ecology of the adults midges are of considerable importance predicting for the epidemicity of midge-borne diseases in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Harsha
- Department of Zoology, Balurghat College, Balurghat, West Bengal, India
| | - S M Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - A Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Ciss M, Biteye B, Fall AG, Fall M, Gahn MCB, Leroux L, Apolloni A. Ecological niche modelling to estimate the distribution of Culicoides, potential vectors of bluetongue virus in Senegal. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:45. [PMID: 31676006 PMCID: PMC6825335 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In the Afrotropical region, some are transmitted by Culicoides, such as Akabane, bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic fever and African horse sickness viruses. Bluetongue virus infection has an enormous impact on ruminant production, due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS A nationwide Culicoides trapping campaign was organized at the end of the 2012 rainy season in Senegal. A Maximum Entropy approach (MaxEnt), Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) method and Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) were used to develop a predictive spatial model for the distribution of Culicoides, using bio-climatic variables, livestock densities and altitude. RESULTS The altitude, maximum temperature of the warmest month, precipitation of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, temperature seasonality, precipitation of the wettest quarter and livestock density were among the most important factors to predict suitable habitats of Culicoides. Culicoides occurrences were, in most of the cases, positively correlated to precipitation variables and livestock densities; and negatively correlated to the altitude and temperature indices. The Niayes area and the Groundnut basin were the most suitable habitats predicted. CONCLUSION We present ecological niche models for different Culicoides species, namely C. imicola, C. oxystoma, C. enderleini and C. miombo, potential vectors of bluetongue virus, on a nationwide scale in Senegal. Through our modelling approach, we were able to determine the effect of bioclimatic variables on Culicoides habitats and were able to generate maps for the occurrence of Culicoides species. This information will be helpful in developing risk maps for disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Ciss
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
| | - Biram Biteye
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
| | - Assane Gueye Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
| | - Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
| | - Marie Cicille Ba Gahn
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Louise Leroux
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Dakar, Senegal
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Apolloni
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, BP 2057, Dakar-Hann, Senegal
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
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Ségard A, Gardès L, Jacquier E, Grillet C, Mathieu B, Rakotoarivony I, Setier-Rio ML, Chavernac D, Cêtre-Sossah C, Balenghien T, Garros C. Schmallenberg virus in Culicoides
Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations in France during 2011-2012 outbreak. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e94-e103. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ségard
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
| | - L. Gardès
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
| | | | | | - B. Mathieu
- IPPTS, DHPI EA 7292; Université de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | | | | | | | - C. Cêtre-Sossah
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Sainte-Clotilde La Réunion France
| | - T. Balenghien
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
- CIRAD; UMR ASTRE; Rabat Maroc
- Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II; Rabat Maroc
| | - C. Garros
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Montpellier France
- UMR ASTRE; CIRAD; Sainte-Clotilde La Réunion France
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Harsha R, Pan B, Ghosh K, Mazumdar A. Isolation of haemolytic bacilli from field-collected Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides peregrinus: potential vectors of bluetongue virus in West Bengal, India. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 29:210-214. [PMID: 25644315 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two haemolytic bacterial strains of Bacillus pumilus (CU1A, CU1B) and one blood-utilizing strain of Bacillus licheniformis (CU2B) were isolated from relatively low numbers of field-collected females of Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides peregrinus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). A total of 36 females, including 18 of each of C. oxystoma and C. peregrinus (consisting of one and a pool of eight blood-engorged specimens, and one and a pool of eight non-engorged specimens for each species), were tested. In C. oxystoma, all three strains of bacteria were isolated from the one non-engorged, the pool of non-engorged and the pool of blood-engorged females tested, but CU1A and CU2B were not found in the one blood-engorged female tested. In C. peregrinus, all three strains were present in the pool of blood-engorged females. However, the strain CU2B was not found in the pool of non-engorged females. In the one blood-engorged and one non-engorged female tested, CU1A and CU2B were detected. The bacterial strains were identified based on Gram staining, enzyme activity (amylase and protease) and alignment of the 16S rRNA partial gene sequence to that available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database GenBank. The functional role and significance of these haemolytic and blood-digesting bacteria within the genus Culicoides remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Harsha
- Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Fall M, Fall AG, Seck MT, Bouyer J, Diarra M, Balenghien T, Garros C, Bakhoum MT, Faye O, Baldet T, Gimonneau G. Circadian activity of Culicoides oxystoma (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), potential vector of bluetongue and African horse sickness viruses in the Niayes area, Senegal. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3151-8. [PMID: 26002826 PMCID: PMC4513201 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are important vectors of arboviruses in Africa. Culicoides oxystoma has been recently recorded in the Niayes region of Senegal (West Africa) and its high abundance on horses suggests a potential implication in the transmission of the African horse sickness virus in this region. This species is also suspected to transmit bluetongue virus to imported breeds of sheep. Little information is available on the biology and ecology of Culicoides in Africa. Therefore, understanding the circadian host-seeking activity of this putative vector is of primary importance to assess the risk of the transmission of Culicoides-borne pathogens. To achieve this objective, midges were collected using a sheep-baited trap over two consecutive 24-h periods during four seasons in 2012. A total of 441 Culicoides, belonging to nine species including 418 (94.8%) specimens of C. oxystoma, were collected. C. oxystoma presented a bimodal circadian host-seeking activity at sunrise and sunset in July and was active 3 h after sunrise in April. Daily activity appeared mainly related to time periods. Morning activity increased with the increasing temperature up to about 27 °C and then decreased with the decreasing humidity, suggesting thermal limits for C. oxystoma activity. Evening activity increased with the increasing humidity and the decreasing temperature, comprised between 20 and 27 °C according to seasons. Interestingly, males were more abundant in our sampling sessions, with similar activity periods than females, suggesting potential animal host implication in the facilitation of reproduction. Finally, the low number of C. oxystoma collected render practical vector-control recommendations difficult to provide and highlight the lack of knowledge on the bio-ecology of this species of veterinary interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Fall
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l'Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route du Front de Terre, BP 2057, Dakar, Senegal
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Fall M, Diarra M, Fall AG, Balenghien T, Seck MT, Bouyer J, Garros C, Gimonneau G, Allène X, Mall I, Delécolle JC, Rakotoarivony I, Bakhoum MT, Dusom AM, Ndao M, Konaté L, Faye O, Baldet T. Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) midges, the vectors of African horse sickness virus--a host/vector contact study in the Niayes area of Senegal. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:39. [PMID: 25604465 PMCID: PMC4307892 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African horse sickness (AHS) is an equine disease endemic to Senegal. The African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is transmitted to the mammalian hosts by midges of the Culicoides Latreille genus. During the last epizootic outbreak of AHS in Senegal in 2007, 1,169 horses died from this disease entailing an estimated cost of 1.4 million euros. In spite of the serious animal health and economic implications of AHS, very little is known about determinants involved in transmission such as contact between horses and the Culicoides species suspected of being its vectors. METHODS The monthly variation in host/vector contact was determined in the Niayes area, Senegal, an area which was severely affected by the 2007 outbreak of AHS. A horse-baited trap and two suction light traps (OVI type) were set up at each of five sites for three consecutive nights every month for one year. RESULTS Of 254,338 Culicoides midges collected 209,543 (82.4%) were female and 44,795 (17.6%) male. Nineteen of the 41 species collected were new distribution records for Senegal. This increased the number of described Culicoides species found in Senegal to 53. Only 19 species, of the 41 species found in light trap, were collected in the horse-baited trap (23,669 specimens) largely dominated by Culicoides oxystoma (22,300 specimens, i.e. 94.2%) followed by Culicoides imicola (482 specimens, i.e. 2.0%) and Culicoides kingi (446 specimens, i.e. 1.9%). CONCLUSIONS Culicoides oxystoma should be considered as a potential vector of AHSV in the Niayes area of Senegal due to its abundance on horses and its role in the transmission of other Culicoides-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Fall
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, BP 5005 Senegal
| | - Maryam Diarra
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Assane G Fall
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Momar T Seck
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jérémy Bouyer
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffrey Gimonneau
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Allène
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Iba Mall
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Mame T Bakhoum
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ange M Dusom
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Massouka Ndao
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lassana Konaté
- />Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, BP 5005 Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- />Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, BP 5005 Senegal
| | - Thierry Baldet
- />ISRA, Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Route Front de Terre, Dakar, Senegal
- />Cirad, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- />INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Reddy YV, Krishnajyothi Y, Susmitha B, Devi BV, Brundavanam Y, Gollapalli SR, Karunasri N, Sonali B, Kavitha K, Patil SR, Sunitha G, Putty K, Reddy GH, Reddy YN, Hegde NR, Rao PP. Molecular Typing of Bluetongue Viruses Isolated Over a Decade in South India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 63:e412-8. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. Susmitha
- College of Veterinary Science; S.V. Veterinary University; Hyderabad India
| | - B. V. Devi
- Veterinary Biologicals and Research Institute; Hyderabad India
| | - Y. Brundavanam
- College of Veterinary Science; S.V. Veterinary University; Hyderabad India
| | - S. R. Gollapalli
- College of Veterinary Science; S.V. Veterinary University; Hyderabad India
| | - N. Karunasri
- College of Veterinary Science; S.V. Veterinary University; Hyderabad India
| | - B. Sonali
- College of Veterinary Science; S.V. Veterinary University; Hyderabad India
| | - K. Kavitha
- College of Veterinary Science; S.V. Veterinary University; Hyderabad India
| | - S. R. Patil
- College of Veterinary Science; S.V. Veterinary University; Hyderabad India
| | - G. Sunitha
- Veterinary Biologicals and Research Institute; Hyderabad India
| | - K. Putty
- College of Veterinary Science; S.V. Veterinary University; Hyderabad India
| | - G. H. Reddy
- Veterinary Biologicals and Research Institute; Hyderabad India
| | - Y. N. Reddy
- College of Veterinary Science; S.V. Veterinary University; Hyderabad India
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15
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Narladkar BW, Shivpuje PR. Fly proof net shed for livestock: A novel concept of physical barrier for integrated management of Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.899-908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Rao PP, Hegde NR, Reddy YN, Krishnajyothi Y, Reddy YV, Susmitha B, Gollapalli SR, Putty K, Reddy GH. Epidemiology of Bluetongue in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:e151-64. [PMID: 25164573 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is an insectborne endemic disease in India. Although infections are observed in domestic and wild ruminants, the clinical disease and mortality are observed only in sheep, especially in the southern states of the country. The difference in disease patterns in different parts of the country could be due to varied climatic conditions, sheep population density and susceptibility of the sheep breeds to BT. Over the five decades after the first report of BT in 1964, most of the known serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) have been reported from India either by virus isolation or by detection of serotype-specific antibodies. There have been no structured longitudinal studies to identify the circulating serotypes throughout the country. At least ten serotypes were isolated between 1967 and 2000 (BTV-1-4, 6, 9, 16-18, 23). Since 2001, the All-India Network Programme on Bluetongue and other laboratories have isolated eight different serotypes (BTV-1-3, 9, 10, 12, 16, 21). Genetic analysis of these viruses has revealed that some of them vary substantially from reference viruses, and some show high sequence identity with modified live virus vaccines used in different parts of the world. These observations have highlighted the need to develop diagnostic capabilities, especially as BT outbreaks are still declared based on clinical signs. Although virus isolation and serotyping are the gold standards, rapid methods based on the detection of viral nucleic acid may be more suitable for India. The epidemiological investigations also have implications for vaccine design. Although only a handful serotypes may be involved in causing outbreaks every year, the combination of serotypes may change from year to year. For effective control of BT in India, it may be pertinent to introduce sentinel and vector traps systems for identification of the circulating serotypes and to evaluate herd immunity against different serotypes, so that relevant strains can be included in vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Rao
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Hyderabad, India
| | - N R Hegde
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Hyderabad, India
| | - Y N Reddy
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Y V Reddy
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Hyderabad, India
| | - B Susmitha
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Hyderabad, India
| | - S R Gollapalli
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Putty
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Hyderabad, India
| | - G H Reddy
- Veterinary Biologicals Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
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17
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Chakraborty S, Kumar A, Tiwari R, Rahal A, Malik Y, Dhama K, Pal A, Prasad M. Advances in diagnosis of respiratory diseases of small ruminants. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:508304. [PMID: 25028620 PMCID: PMC4082846 DOI: 10.1155/2014/508304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Irrespective of aetiology, infectious respiratory diseases of sheep and goats contribute to 5.6 percent of the total diseases of small ruminants. These infectious respiratory disorders are divided into two groups: the diseases of upper respiratory tract, namely, nasal myiasis and enzootic nasal tumors, and diseases of lower respiratory tract, namely, peste des petits ruminants (PPR), parainfluenza, Pasteurellosis, Ovine progressive pneumonia, mycoplasmosis, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, caseous lymphadenitis, verminous pneumonia, and many others. Depending upon aetiology, many of them are acute and fatal in nature. Early, rapid, and specific diagnosis of such diseases holds great importance to reduce the losses. The advanced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of antigen as well as antibodies directly from the samples and molecular diagnostic assays along with microsatellites comprehensively assist in diagnosis as well as treatment and epidemiological studies. The present review discusses the advancements made in the diagnosis of common infectious respiratory diseases of sheep and goats. It would update the knowledge and help in adapting and implementing appropriate, timely, and confirmatory diagnostic procedures. Moreover, it would assist in designing appropriate prevention protocols and devising suitable control strategies to overcome respiratory diseases and alleviate the economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chakraborty
- Animal Resources Development Department, Pt. Nehru Complex, Agartala 799006, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
| | - Anu Rahal
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Yash Malik
- Division of Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Amar Pal
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LLRUVAS), Hisar 125004, India
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18
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Rao PP, Reddy YV, Hegde NR. Isolation and Complete Genome Sequencing of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 12 from India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:e52-9. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Sairaju V, Susmitha B, Rao PP, Hegde NR, Meena K, Reddy YN. Type-specific seroprevalence of bluetongue in Andhra Pradesh, India, during 2005-2009. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:394-7. [PMID: 24426304 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, arthropod-borne viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), which is a double-stranded segmented RNA virus. Of the 26 confirmed BTV serotypes, 23 were reported in India based on the detection of antibodies or virus. In order to assess the prevalence of different serotypes in Andhra Pradesh, serum samples which were positive for BTV by group-specific antibody ELISA were subjected to type-specific neutralization of BTV serotypes 1, 2, 9, 10, 21 and 23. Of the 52 samples tested, 50.0, 44.23, 21.15, 26.92, 0, and 15.38 % neutralized BTV serotypes 1, 2, 9, 10, 21 and 23, respectively. However, 32.69 % of the ELISA positive sera could not neutralize any of these serotypes, indicating that there could be other serotype viruses (e.g., BTV-3 and -16) circulating in the State. This method can be used for surveillance of the circulating serotypes as well as for assessing the level of herd immunity, and assist in determining the vaccine strains to be used in multivalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sairaju
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | - B Susmitha
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | | | - Nagendra R Hegde
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, 500078 India
| | - Keerti Meena
- Ella Foundation, Genome Valley, Turkapally, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, 500078 India
| | - Y Narasimha Reddy
- College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Hyderabad, 500030 India
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