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Calixto-Vega LC, Martínez-Aranzales JR. Gastroscopic characterisation and prevalence of gastric ulcer syndrome in working mules in Colombia. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:449-455. [PMID: 37559426 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing literature does not contain information about the prevalence of gastric ulcers in mules, and on the potential associations between the presence of ulcers and work load, work type, diet, sex, age and body condition score (BCS). OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with mule gastric ulcer syndrome (MGUS) and evaluate its distribution in both mule squamous gastric disease (MSGD) and mule glandular gastric disease (MGGD) mucosa in a population of mules in Colombia. STUDY DESIGN Observational, cross-sectional. METHODS A total of 97 clinically healthy mules of different ages and locations in the province of Antioquia (Colombia) were included in this study. The mules were involved in agricultural activities (i.e., riding, pack and ranch mules) at the time of the study. The animals underwent gastroscopic evaluation, and ulcer scores from 0 to 4 were assigned based on severity, with scores ≥2 indicating clinical relevance. The presence or absence of ulcer in the squamous and/or glandular region of the stomach was recorded. Data related to work type, work load and diet, as well as sex, age and BCS were recorded for each mule. Pearson's chi-square test was used to determine the association between the outcomes and explanatory variables of the study (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the risk estimations were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The frequency of MGUS in the study population was 42%. Most of the lesions were located in the squamous region of the stomach (27%), mainly in the margo plicatus, and 20% were located in the glandular region, mainly in the fundus and pyloric antrum. Six animals showed lesions in both squamous and glandular regions. Work load was the only variable associated with the presence of MGUS (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 0.49-0.96) and MSGD (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 0.36-0.67). Nevertheless, the findings did not provide any significant risk assessment result, nor did they reveal any significant interactions among the other variables. MAIN LIMITATIONS This study used convenience sampling from a limited geographic region, and multivariate analysis was not performed, one of the exclusion criteria was the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which means that the effect of these drugs can no longer be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS MGUS occurs in mules subjected to agricultural work, the risk factors associated with EGUS do not appear to be significant in mules and other equids subjected to the same conditions, in this region. Further research is needed to define the differential dynamics of MGUS in comparison with the findings in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lady C Calixto-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José R Martínez-Aranzales
- Line of Research in Equine Medicine and Surgery (LIMCE), Centauro Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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2
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López-Martínez MJ, Lamy E, Cerón JJ, Ayala I, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Henriksen IMH, Muñoz-Prieto A, Hansen S. Changes in the saliva proteome analysed by gel-proteomics in horses diagnosed with equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) at diagnosis and after successful treatment. Res Vet Sci 2024; 167:105112. [PMID: 38176208 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is currently one of the more frequent diseases in horses. We aimed to identify changes in the salivary proteome in horses with EGUS at diagnosis and after successful treatment by using gel proteomics. Saliva samples were collected from nine horses with EGUS before and after treatment and nine matched healthy controls. SDS-PAGE (1DE) and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) were performed, and significantly different protein bands and spots were identified by mass spectrometry. Horses with EGUS had increases in proteins such as adenosine deaminase (ADA), triosephosphate isomerase, keratins and immuno-globulin heavy constant mu and decreases in carbonic anhydrase (CA), albumin and prolactin-induced protein. These changes would indicate various physiopathological mechanisms involved in this disease, such as the activation of the immune system, decreased stomach defence mechanisms and inflammation. The treated horses presented lower expression levels of thioredoxin (TRX) after a successful treatment, in proteomics analysis and also measured with a commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, horses with EGUS have protein changes in their saliva when measured with gel proteomics compared with healthy horses, and they also showed changes after successful treatment. These proteins could be potential biomarkers for detection and monitoring treatment response in EGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Elsa Lamy
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ayala
- Department of Animal Medicine & Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ida-Marie Holm Henriksen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sanni Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Section Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
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3
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Paul LJ, Ericsson AC, Andrews FM, McAdams Z, Keowen ML, St Blanc MP, Banse HE. Field study examining the mucosal microbiome in equine glandular gastric disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295697. [PMID: 38060520 PMCID: PMC10703338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is a common disease among athletic horses that can negatively impact health and performance. The pathophysiology of this EGGD remains poorly understood. Previous studies using controlled populations of horses identified differences in the gastric glandular mucosal microbiome associated with disease. The objective of this study was to compare the gastric microbiome in horses with EGGD and those without across multiple barns and differing management practices. We hypothesized that alterations in the microbiome of the gastric glandular mucosa are associated with EGGD. A secondary objective was to perform a risk factor analysis for EGGD using the diet and management data collected. Microbial populations of biopsies from normal pyloric mucosa of horses without EGGD (control biopsies), normal pyloric mucosa of horses with EGGD (normal biopsies) and areas of glandular mucosal disruption in horses with EGGD (lesion biopsies) were compared. Lesion biopsies had a different microbial community structure than control biopsies. Control biopsies had a higher read count for the phylum Actinomycetota compared to lesion biopsies. Control biopsies also had an enrichment of the genera Staphylococcus and Lawsonella and the species Streptococcus salivarius. Lesion biopsies had an enrichment of the genera Lactobacillus and Actinobacillus and the species Lactobacillus equigenerosi. These results demonstrate differences in the gastric glandular microbiome between sites of disrupted mucosa in horses with EGGD compared to pyloric mucosa of horses without EGGD. Risk factor analysis indicated that exercise duration per week was a risk factor for EGGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J. Paul
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health and Sports Performance, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Metagenomics Center, Equine Gut Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Frank M. Andrews
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health and Sports Performance, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Zachary McAdams
- Metagenomics Center, Equine Gut Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Keowen
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health and Sports Performance, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Michael P. St Blanc
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health and Sports Performance, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Heidi E. Banse
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health and Sports Performance, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
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4
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Luthersson N, Þorgrímsdóttir ÚÝ, Harris PA, Parkin T, Hopster-Iversen C, Bennet ED. Risk Factors for Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome Incidence in Adult Icelandic Riding Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3512. [PMID: 38003130 PMCID: PMC10668649 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A high prevalence of both squamous (ESGD) and glandular (EGGD) ulcers was previously found in, mainly young, Icelandic horses coming into training for the first time. This study evaluated risk factors for gastric ulcers in Icelandic riding horses at various ages and stages of training. The horses (n = 211) were gastroscoped from 21 equine establishments across Iceland. A variety of morphometric, clinical, behavioural and management factors were evaluated as potential risk factors for gastroscopically significant (grade ≥ 2/4: found in 27% of horses) or gastroscopically severe (grade 3 or 4/4: found in ~10% of horses) ESGD or gastroscopically significant EGGD (grade ≥ 1/2: found in 46.4%). Body condition score (BCS), cresty neck score (CNS), stable/turnout behaviour, exercise intensity/frequency and age were not significantly associated with ESGD or EGGD ulcer score. However, having come off the pasture into training for 4 weeks or less was a significant risk factor for gastroscopically significant and severe ESGD compared to 5 weeks or more. For both EGGD and ESGD, "region" was important. Gastroscopically significant EGGD and gastroscopically severe ESGD were more prevalent in those showing clinical signs often associated with ulcers. Geldings were more likely to have gastroscopically significant ESGD than both mares and stallions and more EGGD than stallions. Being stabled, but spending >2 h/day out in the paddock, compared with <2 h paddock time or full-time turnout, was protective for gastroscopically significant ESGD as was being fed complementary feed (all fed <1 g non-structural carbohydrate (NSC)/kg/BW/meal). Being at a training establishment for >4 weeks was protective for gastroscopically significant and gastroscopically severe ESGD but not EGGD. This study confirms the relatively low prevalence of ESGD in Icelandic horses being kept in training establishments and fed low NSC diets but highlights the high prevalence of EGGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Luthersson
- Hestedoktoren, Hojgaard Sjaelland ApS, Hvalsovej 298, DK-4360 Eskilstrup, Denmark;
| | | | - Patricia A. Harris
- Equine Studies Group, Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Tim Parkin
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | | | - Euan D. Bennet
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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5
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Busechian S, Conti MB, Sgorbini M, Conte G, Marchesi MC, Pieramati C, Zappulla F, Vitale V, Rueca F. A Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Omeprazole Formulations in the Treatment of Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in Racehorses: A Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104296. [PMID: 37003396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is the most common disease of the stomach in horses and treatment is based on the oral administration of omeprazole for at least 28 days. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two formulations of oral omeprazole-powder paste and gastro-enteric resistant granules-in the treatment of naturally occurring gastric ulcers in racehorses. Thirty-two adult racehorses, aged between 2 and 10 years old, with clinical signs of EGUS were included in this blinded, randomized clinical trial. Two gastroscopies were performed to evaluate gastric lesions in the squamous or glandular mucosa before and after 28 days of treatment. After the first gastroscopy, 2/32 horses were excluded because affected by equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) 1/4. The remaining horses were divided into 4 groups, and were treated with 2 formulations of omeprazole (gastroenteric resistant granules, group 1, or powder paste, group 3) or with 2 placebo formulations (granules, group 2, or paste, group 4). Treatments were performed in the placebo horses affected by ESGD or equine glandular gastric disease after the T28 gastroscopy control. No differences were found between groups at T0. Differences were found between T0 vs. T28 for granular (P = .002) and powder paste (P = .01) formulations. No differences were detected between the two groups receiving omeprazole formulations at T28 (0.34) and between T0 vs. T28 for either of the groups receiving placebo treatments. For all the variables, the size of the effect was greater than 0.5, proving that the treatments had a considerable effect. Gastro-enteric resistant granules and powder paste omeprazole showed similar efficacy in the treatment of ESGD. The glandular mucosa responded poorly to treatment with omeprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Vitale
- Department of animal medicine and surgery, Veterinary teaching Hospital, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, C/ Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Barton MH, Hallowell GD. Current Topics in Medical Colic. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00020-2. [PMID: 37169621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The list of medical causes of acute or chronic colic in horses is extensive. The purpose of this article is to review 4 medical causes of equine colic with a focus on newer trends in treatment. The 4 topics selected include gastric impaction, gastric glandular disease, colon displacement, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Henry Barton
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Room 1903, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Gayle D Hallowell
- IVC Evidensia, Valley View, Main Road, Upper Broughton, Nottinghamshire, UK LE14 3BG
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7
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Mair T, Sherlock C. Recurrent Colic: Diagnosis, Management, and Expectations. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00026-3. [PMID: 37121784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most recurrent episodes of non-specific colic are self-limiting, and the results of clinical examinations are unremarkable. Differentiating these cases from serious diseases can be difficult, but repeated evaluations are warranted. Horses presenting with very frequent bouts of colic are more likely to have serious diseases and a higher mortality rate compared to horses presenting with less frequent bouts of transient colic. Horses with recurrent bouts of prolonged colic are more likely to have motility issues or partial intestinal obstruction. Non-gastrointestinal diseases can also cause recurrent bouts of pain ("false colic"). Adhesions are common causes of colic following abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Mair
- CVS Ltd, Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Maidstone, Kent, ME18 5GS, UK.
| | - Ceri Sherlock
- CVS Ltd, Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Maidstone, Kent, ME18 5GS, UK
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8
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Kranenburg LC, van der Poel SH, Warmelink TS, van Doorn DA, van den Boom R. Changes in Management Lead to Improvement and Healing of Equine Squamous Gastric Disease. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091498. [PMID: 37174535 PMCID: PMC10177505 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) is common in horses and poses a serious welfare problem. Several risk factors have been identified and ESGD is routinely treated with omeprazole. Fourteen mares, previously used as embryo recipients and diagnosed with ESGD, were selected. Horses were confined to individual stalls, exercised once daily, and fed ad libitum hay, 1 kg of a low starch compound complementary feed and a mineral supplement. Half of the horses received a compound containing hydrolysed collagen (supplement) and the other half did not (control). At the start of the study, ESGD scores were 3.57 and 3.36 for the supplement and control group, respectively. After 4 weeks, the ESGD grades were significantly reduced in both groups (1.89 and 1.43, respectively, p < 0.01), and healing (ESGD < 2) occurred in 7 out of 14 horses. No treatment effect was observed (p = 0.75), and it was concluded that the change in husbandry overshadowed any potential effect of the compound. Severe ESGD can improve, and even heal, with the provision of a diet of ad libitum forage and a small amount of a compound complementary feed, without the use of omeprazole. A predictable daily routine, with a limited number of dedicated caretakers, may have contributed to the improvement of gastric health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieuwke C Kranenburg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Henriëtte van der Poel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Sebastiaan Warmelink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Anthonie van Doorn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van den Boom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Orr EL, Staniar WB, Smarsh DN. A Survey of Pennsylvania Horse Management: Part One-Nutrition. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 119:104140. [PMID: 36244609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Various aspects of nutritional management can impact both a horse's gastrointestinal (GI) health and caretaker costs. The objective of this study was to characterize the feeding management and GI issues of horses in Pennsylvania (PA). An online survey was distributed from February 27th to August 31st, 2020. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data. Nonparametric statistics were used when data were not normally distributed. From 470 responses collected, the average horse age was 15.7 ± 7.5 years, and the most common breeds were the Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred. Of the 345 horses who received premixed feed, 81% were fed on a volume basis. Most horses (95%) received hay on a volume basis, and 57% of horses were fed hay on the ground rather than in a feeder. No difference was detected in the number of scoops of premixed feed (median = 2; P = .284) or the flakes of hay per day (median = 5.7; P = .765) between horses in different exercise categories. The frequency of reported GI issues was 10% (46/470). Owner perceived, veterinary perceived, and veterinary diagnosed ulcers were found in 2.3%, 4%, and 2.3% of horses, respectively. No statistical difference was detected in the number of scoops of premixed feed fed per day between horses with or without GI issues (P = .536). Horses were provided the same amount of premixed feed and forage regardless of reported exercise category. Most equine caretakers fed concentrates on volume rather than weight, a common practice despite most feeding requirements being based on feed weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Orr
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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10
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Luthersson N, Ýr Þorgrímsdóttir Ú, Harris PA, Parkins T, Bennet ED. Effect of moving from being extensively managed out in pasture into training on the incidence of equine gastric ulcer syndrome in Icelandic horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:S102-S110. [PMID: 36149938 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.06.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) in Icelandic horses moving from pasture into training. ANIMALS 81 horses (median age, 3 years; interquartile range, 1 year) from 10 farms representing 4 different Icelandic regions. PROCEDURES Initial gastroscopy was undertaken within 2 weeks of moving from pasture into a training establishment. A total of 71 horses underwent endoscopic examination again 8 weeks later. Various management and behavioral factors were assessed through face-to-face questionnaires with the owners or trainers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors contributing to any change in ESGD and EGGD severity score during the 8-week training period. RESULTS Incidence of EGGD and ESGD in this feral population was similar to that found in domesticated horses. ESGD incidence (severity score, ≥ 2; score range, 0 to 4) reduced from an initial 71.6% (58/81) to 25.4% (18/71). On multivariable analysis, sex (ie, being a stallion or a female vs gelding) increased the likelihood of ulcer grade reduction. Being fed preserved forage 3 or more times a day also improved the likelihood of ESGD reduction (odds ratio, 17.95; 95% CI, 1.67 to 193.40; P = .017). Overall, the farm explained 35% of the variance, confirming the importance of management factors. Incidence of EGGD (severity score, ≥ 1; score range, 0 to 2) reduced from 47% (38/81) to 40.8% (29/71) during the same period. No measured variables were associated significantly with EGGD incidence or reduction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pasture provision (without supplementary feed or forage) does not result automatically in a low incidence of gastric ulcers. Regular provision of preserved forage is a key factor in reducing ESGD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Luthersson
- Hestedoktoren, Hojgaard Sjaelland ApS, Hvalsovej 298, 4360 Kr. Eskilstrup, Denmark
| | | | - Patricia A Harris
- Equine Studies Group, Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, UK
| | - Tim Parkins
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Euan D Bennet
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK.,School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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11
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Paul LJ, Ericsson AC, Andrews FM, McAdams Z, Keowen ML, St Blanc MP, Banse HE. Dietary and management factors influence the equine gastric microbiome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:S111-S120. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.07.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship of diet and management factors with the glandular gastric mucosal microbiome. We hypothesize that the gastric mucosal microbial community is influenced by diet and management factors. Our specific objective is to characterize the gastric mucosal microbiome in relation to these factors.
ANIMALS
57 client-owned horses in the southern Louisiana region with and without equine glandular gastric disease.
PROCEDURES
Diet and management data were collected via a questionnaire. Gastroscopy was used for evaluation of equine gastric ulcer syndrome and collection of glandular mucosal pinch biopsies. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used for microbiome analysis. Similarity and diversity indices and sequence read counts of individual taxa were compared between diet and management factors.
RESULTS
Differences were detected in association with offering hay, type of hay, sweet feed, turnout, and stalling. Offering hay and stalling showed differences in similarity indices, whereas hay type, sweet feed, and turnout showed differences in similarity and diversity indices. Offering hay, hay type, and sweet feed were also associated with differences in individual sequence read counts.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study provides preliminary characterization of the complex relationship between the glandular gastric microbiome and diet/management factors. The ideal microbiome to promote a healthy glandular gastric environment remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J. Paul
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- University of Missouri, Metagenomics Center, Equine Gut Group, Columbia, MO
| | - Frank M. Andrews
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Zachary McAdams
- University of Missouri, Metagenomics Center, Equine Gut Group, Columbia, MO
| | - Michael L. Keowen
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Michael P. St Blanc
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Heidi E. Banse
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
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12
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Dahmen K, Fischer H, Burczynski V, Albanese V, Muñoz E. Four cases of stomach perforation in adult horses. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Dahmen
- Tierärztliches Kompetenzzentrum für Pferde Großwallstadt Altano GmbH Großwallstadt Germany
| | - Holger Fischer
- Tierärztliches Kompetenzzentrum für Pferde Großwallstadt Altano GmbH Großwallstadt Germany
| | - Victoria Burczynski
- Tierärztliches Kompetenzzentrum für Pferde Großwallstadt Altano GmbH Großwallstadt Germany
| | - Valeria Albanese
- Tierärztliches Kompetenzzentrum für Pferde Großwallstadt Altano GmbH Großwallstadt Germany
| | - Encarnación Muñoz
- Tierärztliches Kompetenzzentrum für Pferde Großwallstadt Altano GmbH Großwallstadt Germany
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13
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Pang C, Chen ZD, Wei B, Xu WT, Xi HQ. Military training-related abdominal injuries and diseases: Common types, prevention and treatment. Chin J Traumatol 2022; 25:187-192. [PMID: 35331607 PMCID: PMC9252930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Military training is intense, difficult and often dangerous, so all kinds of injuries or diseases frequently occur during training. Most of the previous studies and reviews on military training-related injuries focused on musculoskeletal system, whereas there are no reviews of abdominal injuries and diseases. Although the incidence of military training-related abdominal injuries and diseases is relatively low, the patients' condition is often critical especially in the presence of abdominal organ injury, leading to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and even death. This paper elaborates on common types of military training-related abdominal injuries and diseases as well as the prevention and treatment measures, which provides some basis for scientific and reasonable training and improvement of medical security.
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14
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Equine gastric ulcer syndrome in adult horses. Vet J 2022; 283-284:105830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Hewetson M, Tallon R. Equine Squamous Gastric Disease: Prevalence, Impact and Management. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2021; 12:381-399. [PMID: 35004264 PMCID: PMC8725839 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s235258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review explores the etiopathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of ESGD (equine squamous gastric disease) and discusses the impact of this commonly encountered condition on the equine industry. ESGD refers specifically to peptic injury of the squamous mucosa of the stomach. Prevalence is highest in performance horses, but the disease has been documented across many breeds and ages, including in feral horses and foals. The pathogenesis of ESGD is well understood. Intensive management and exercise are important factors that contribute to a disruption of the normal stratification of gastric pH. This results in exposure of the vulnerable squamous mucosa to acid, leading to ulceration. Clinical signs are variable and there is little evidence to support a direct association between reported signs and the presence or absence of lesions seen on gastroscopy. Management is aimed at acid suppression and mitigation of known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hewetson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Rose Tallon
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
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Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Conturba B, Alberti E, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Effects of a nutraceutical supplement in the management of mild equine squamous gastric disease in endurance horses. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e942. [PMID: 34562281 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) may require prolonged treatments with acid suppressants; therefore, interest in nutraceutical supplements with anti-ulcerogenic properties has increased. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Trophogast pellet for the treatment of ESGD in endurance horses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen endurance horses were included based on their gastroscopic examination and randomly assigned to a treatment group, receiving Trophogast pellet for 30 days together with management changes, or to a control group, only subjected to management modifications. At the end of treatment, gastroscopy was repeated. Scores were assigned according to the Equine Gastric Ulcer Council scoring system. All horses were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the study. ESGD grades and weight before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS At enrolment, median ESGD score in the treatment group was 2, while in the control group it was 1. After the treatment period, a significant decrease in ESGD grade was observed in the treatment group (median 1, p = 0.0078), while there was no change in the control group (median 2). No significant weight change was observed in either group. CONCLUSION Trophogast pellet was effective at promoting healing of mild ESGD in endurance horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Maria Lo Feudo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Stucchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Bianca Conturba
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Elena Alberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Enrica Zucca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory "Franco Tradati", Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Lehman ML, Bass L, Gustafson DL, Rao S, O’Fallon ES. Clinical efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of a novel long‐acting intramuscular omeprazole in performance horses with gastric ulcers. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Lehman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - L. Bass
- Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - D. L. Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - S. Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - E. S. O’Fallon
- Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Fort Collins Colorado USA
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18
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Paul LJ, Ericsson AC, Andrews FM, Keowen ML, Morales Yniguez F, Garza F, Banse HE. Gastric microbiome in horses with and without equine glandular gastric disease. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2458-2464. [PMID: 34351018 PMCID: PMC8478018 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the gastric microbiome in development or persistence of equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) remains to be investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives The objective was to characterize the glandular mucosal and gastric fluid microbiomes of horses with and without EGGD. It was hypothesized that differences in the mucosal microbiome are associated with EGGD. Animals Twenty‐four horses were enrolled. Methods Gastroscopy was performed and EGGD scores recorded (score 0, n = 6; score 1, n = 8; score ≥2, n = 10). Gastric fluid and pinch biopsies of healthy glandular mucosa and EGGD lesions were collected via gastroscope. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the gastric fluid and glandular mucosal biopsies was performed. Relationships between gastric fluid and mucosal microbial community composition were evaluated among EGGD score groups (EGGD 0‐BX, EGGD 1‐BX, EGGD ≥2‐BX) and among endoscopic appearances: controls from horses without EGGD and normal areas, hyperemic areas, and lesions from horses with EGGD. Results Microbial community structure of mucosal biopsies differed among EGGD score groups (Jaccard similarity index; P = .009). Principal coordinate analysis showed separate clusters for EGGD 0‐BX and EGGD ≥2‐BX. Conclusions and Clinical Importance A modest difference was detected in the community structure of the gastric glandular mucosal microbiome in association with EGGD score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Paul
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Metagenomics Center, Equine Gut Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Frank M Andrews
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael L Keowen
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Francisco Morales Yniguez
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Frank Garza
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Heidi E Banse
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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19
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Hewetson M. Managing glandular gastric disease in horses. IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Busechian S, Sgorbini M, Orvieto S, Pisello L, Zappulla F, Briganti A, Nocera I, Conte G, Rueca F. Evaluation of a questionnaire to detect the risk of developing ESGD or EGGD in horses. Prev Vet Med 2021; 188:105285. [PMID: 33530014 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) affects various categories of horses worldwide. This syndrome is now divided into two different diseases, based on the presence of lesions on either the squamous (Equine Squamous Gastric Disease, ESGD) or the glandular (Equine Glandular Gastric Disease, EGGD) mucosa. Diagnosis is based on the evaluation of the presence of gastric lesions with gastroscopic examination. As a gastroscopy can be considered expensive by clients, therapy is started often on the basis of clinical signs only. The aim of this study was to validate a questionnaire to detect the risk of developing ESGD or EGGD. The owners of 418 horses that were submitted to gastroscopic evaluation were asked to answer a questionnaire on risk factors for ESGD and EGGD. Horses were divided into three groups based on the results of the questionnaire and their risk of developing gastric lesions. In our population the survey was not useful to detect the presence and the severity of the lesions detected during gastroscopic examination, however answers to some of the questions did correlate with the development of gastric lesions. The questionnaire could therefore be a useful tool to evaluate the risk of ESGD or EGGD. Having owners periodically complete the survey could also make them more aware of changes in the conditions of the horses that could lead to gastric lesions. This could then help them seek advice from veterinarians on how to manage this potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Busechian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Pisello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Angela Briganti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rueca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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21
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Raidal S, Hughes K. Effect of a novel fermented soy product on gastric ulcer scores in horses. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2020.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical methods are desirable to treat or prevent gastric ulceration in horses. This two-period, randomised, double-blinded placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplementation (25 g once daily in feed for 30 days) with Fermaid®Ease 187 (FE, Lallemand Australia Pty Ltd, Maroochydore, Australia) on gastric squamous and glandular mucosal ulcer scores in horses. Gastroscopy of 120 horses presented to the Veterinary Clinical Centre at Charles Sturt University (CSU; Bathurst, Australia) or at local training establishments identified 60 horses with spontaneous gastric ulcer disease (50%). Of horses eligible for inclusion, 29 horses were recruited and randomised to receive either the FE or placebo for 30 days. Effects were assessed by repeat gastroscopy (Day 31), at which time horses started the reciprocal treatment. Eleven horses successfully completed both treatment periods. Treatment with FE showed a significant decrease in squamous ulcer scores in period 1 (P=0.008), with a similar effect observed in period 2. No change was observed in squamous ulcer scores for horses receiving placebo treatment in period 1, but increased squamous scores were observed in horses receiving placebo treatment in period 2 (P=0.062). Squamous ulcer scores on Day 31 were significantly lower (P=0.005) following FE treatment than for horses receiving the placebo treatment. No effects were observed on glandular ulcer scores. This study supported the use of FE in horses predisposed to ulceration of the squamous gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.L. Raidal
- Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Boorooma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - K.J. Hughes
- Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Boorooma St, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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22
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Reed L, MacNicol JL, Charchoglyan A, Brewer D, Murrant C, Pearson W. A Botanical-Based Equine Nutraceutical Reduces Gastric Smooth Muscle Contractile Force In Vitro. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 84:102836. [PMID: 31864457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a botanical-based equine nutraceutical on contractility of gastric smooth muscle in vitro. Gastric ulcers are prevalent in performance horses and negatively impact horse welfare. Gastric hypermotility has been positively associated with the development of gastric ulceration in nonequine species, and reduction of hypermotility may be protective against their development. Stomachs from 12 pigs processed for food at a provincially inspected abattoir were collected within 1 hour of slaughter. Explants of nonglandular gastric tissue were prepared and suspended in a tissue bath, attached to a force transducer, in the presence or absence of a simulated digest extract of the nutraceutical. Tissue was stimulated to contract using increasing doses of acetylcholine. Peak and mean contractile force over 1 and 2 minutes after exposure to acetylcholine were measured. Exposure of gastric smooth muscle to the nutraceutical significantly reduced contractility of the tissue. These data provide support for the use of this nutraceutical to reduce contractility of nonglandular gastric smooth muscle and may indicate a protective effect of this nutraceutical in horses with mechanically induced gastric ulcers. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of gastric hypermotility on development of equine gastric ulcers and to determine the effect of this nutraceutical on equine gastric contractility and ulcerogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexie Reed
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L MacNicol
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dyanne Brewer
- Advanced Analysis Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Coral Murrant
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Munsterman AS, Dias Moreira AS, Marqués FJ. Evaluation of a Chinese herbal supplement on equine squamous gastric disease and gastric fluid pH in mares. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2280-2285. [PMID: 31441559 PMCID: PMC6766511 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wei Le San (WLS) is a Chinese herbal formula comprised of 9 herbs selected for their putative anti‐inflammatory effects. Objectives To evaluate the effects of WLS administration in horses with nonglandular gastric ulcers. Animals Ten mixed breed mares (aged 7‐21 years, 401‐567 kg body weight). Methods Experimental design was a blinded, prospective, 2‐period crossover study. All horses received a placebo (25 mL dextrose‐based syrup; n = 10) and the treatment (WLS, 5 g in 25 mL dextrose‐based syrup; n = 10), administered twice daily. Horses underwent a 1‐week, alternating feed‐deprivation period to induce or worsen existing ulcers; treatment began on day 7. Gastroscopic examination was performed on d0, d6, and d35, with gastric fluid pH obtained on d6 and d35. Gastric ulcer scores assigned by 3 masked observers were averaged for each examination. Results Ulcer number scores for horses treated with WLS (median = 0; range, 0‐4) was not different from the untreated controls (median = 0.5; range, 0‐4; P = .81) by the end of the treatment period. Ulcer severity score for treated horses (median = 0; range, 0‐1) was also unchanged compared to the control group (median = 0.5; range, 0‐1; P = .85). Gastric pH was not altered by either treatment, with a median of 2.1 (range, 1.9‐4.1) for the horses treated with WLS and 2.8 (range, 1.6‐7.2) in the untreated controls (P = .46). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The experimental model used to induce gastric ulceration was unable to discern a difference between the herbal supplement and the placebo in normal horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia S Munsterman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ana Sofia Dias Moreira
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Fernando J Marqués
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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24
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Banse HE, Andrews FM. Equine glandular gastric disease: prevalence, impact and management strategies. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2019; 10:69-76. [PMID: 31406687 PMCID: PMC6642651 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s174427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is an increasingly recognized disease of the glandular mucosa of the equine stomach. Diagnosis is confirmed by gastric endoscopy and scored based upon one of several different endoscopic scoring systems. Prevalence appears to be variable, depending upon breed and discipline. Primary identified risk factors include exercise frequency, and stress; therefore, management strategies are focused on reducing exercise and stress. Limiting grain intake and increasing pasture turnout may also be helpful preventative measures. Pharmacologic treatment consists primarily of an approved omeprazole product with or without misoprostol or sucralfate. Further research into the pathophysiology of EGGD may allow for identification of other targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi E Banse
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
| | - Frank M Andrews
- Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
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25
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Spanton JA, Smith L, Mair TS. Is Serum Amyloid A elevated in horses with equine gastric ulcer syndrome? EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Spanton
- House and Jackson Veterinary Clinic Blackmore Essex UK
| | - L. Smith
- House and Jackson Veterinary Clinic Blackmore Essex UK
| | - T. S. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Mereworth, Maidstone Kent UK
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26
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Ribeiro G, Belli C, Machado T, Souza V, Silva L. Occurrence of gastric ulcers and serum gastrin levels in jumping horses. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of EGUS and to quantify serum gastrin levels in jumping horses during competition season and interseason period. Forty jumping horses, competing at high level were randomly allocated into two groups, the Training Group: twenty jumping horses undergoing intense training and participating in competitions, and the Rest Group: twenty jumping horses in the interseason (resting period). The gastroscopic examinations and blood samples of the horses in the training group were performed 1-2 days following the competition while in the horses of the rest group, following 4 weeks of rest. The serum gastrin levels were measured at two different times: pre-feeding and two hours after feeding the horses (postprandial) by ELISA kit. Gastric lesion score data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test (α= 0.05) and the mean gastrin values were compared between the groups and between the two moments by the paired tet tests, respectively (α= 0, 05). Squamous gastric ulcers were detected in 42.5% of all jumping horses examined independent of the period, competition season or interseason. Serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in the Training Group with no difference between pre-feeding and postprandial values.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ribeiro
- Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Brazil; Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, Brazil
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27
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Varley G, Bowen IM, Habershon‐Butcher JL, Nicholls V, Hallowell GD. Misoprostol is superior to combined omeprazole‐sucralfate for the treatment of equine gastric glandular disease. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:575-580. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - I. M. Bowen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | | | - V. Nicholls
- School of Veterinary Science University of Liverpool Leahurst UK
| | - G. D. Hallowell
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
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28
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Redaelli V, Luzi F, Mazzola S, Bariffi GD, Zappaterra M, Nanni Costa L, Padalino B. The Use of Infrared Thermography (IRT) as Stress Indicator in Horses Trained for Endurance: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9030084. [PMID: 30866503 PMCID: PMC6466296 DOI: 10.3390/ani9030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using infrared thermography technique (IRT) to detect physiological stress in endurance horses. Infrared thermography technique, serum cortisol, blood count, and hearth rate (HR) were used as stress-indicators before and after training of different intensities (low, moderate, and high). As expected, all the studied parameters increased after the training, but HR remained below 64 bpm as requested by Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI) endurance rules. Heart rate and white blood cells were the only parameters which significantly rose with the training intensity. Max temperature in the left and right eye (ET) was positively and significantly correlated with HR. These preliminary findings suggest that the tested horses were sufficiently fit and IRT may be a useful non-invasive tool to assess physiological stress in endurance horses. Abstract The aim of this pilot study was to document the effects of endurance training at different intensities on heart rate (HR), blood count, serum cortisol, and maximal temperatures of different body locations, namely eye, crown, pastern pasterns, gluteus and longissimus dorsi muscle (mm), measured by infrared thermography technique (IRT) in horses trained for endurance. Possible associations among the studied parameters were also investigated. Our hypothesis was that temperature, measured by IRT after endurance training of different intensities would vary depending on the intensity and would be positively correlated with HR and serum cortisol. Eight horses were tested before and after training of different intensities (low, moderate, and high). The results partially supported our hypothesis; all the studied parameters increased after training (p < 0.05), eye temperature (ET) correlated positively with HR (p < 0.01), and crown temperature (CT) correlated positively with cortisol (p < 0.01). However, only HR and white blood cells increased with the intensity of the exercise (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0142, respectively). Our findings suggest the evaluation of ET and CT may become a useful non-invasive tool to detect physiological stress during training and to evaluate how the horses cope with the training. Infrared thermography technique may also become a useful tool for the early identification of horses that are not fit to compete or to continue the competition. However, further studies should be conducted on a larger number of horses and during competitions to ascertain our preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Redaelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Luzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Mazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Nanni Costa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Barbara Padalino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy.
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Tesena P, Yingchutrakul Y, Roytrakul S, Taylor J, Angkanaporn K, Wongtawan T. Searching for serum protein markers of equine squamous gastric disease using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:581-586. [PMID: 30636330 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) is a very common disorder but an accurate and practical screening technique for detecting ESGD is currently lacking. OBJECTIVES To identify serum protein markers to detect ESGD using electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. STUDY DESIGN Proteomic analysis and bioinformatics. METHODS ESGD was diagnosed using gastroscopy in 30 horses. Gastric ulceration was categorised into three groups: normal, mild/moderate and severe ESGD. Pooled sera from each group were compared using 1D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The candidate proteins for ESGD markers were selected based on their specifically high expression in nonglandular stomach, and their association with gastric ulceration using public gene and protein databases. RESULTS The prevalence of ESGD in this study was 43% (with mild/moderate ESGD at 33% and severe ESGD at 10%). The proteomic study revealed that the identified serum protein markers for normal equine stomach were B4GALNT2 and XDH. The marker for mild/moderate EGSD was KRT10, while the marker for severe ESGD was KLK13. Furthermore, markers for both ulcer types were SLC4A7, PPARG, FCGBP, PKP1, ASPRV1 and KRT5-like proteins. MAIN LIMITATIONS The functions of the identified proteins are not well characterised in horse. Proteomics is a tool for screening protein markers, but confirmation of putative protein markers with specific antibodies is required. CONCLUSIONS In total, 10 serum proteins found in this study may be used as putative markers for ESGD. However, confirmation of candidate proteins with specific antibodies in a larger study cohort is necessary before it can be used in the veterinary clinic or on horse farms. The Summary is available in Portuguese - see Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tesena
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Y Yingchutrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Technology Research Unit, National Centre for Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - S Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Technology Research Unit, National Centre for Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - J Taylor
- Biomedical Teaching Organisation, Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Angkanaporn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Wongtawan
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science and Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Sykes BW, Bowen M, Habershon-Butcher JL, Green M, Hallowell GD. Management factors and clinical implications of glandular and squamous gastric disease in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 33:233-240. [PMID: 30499188 PMCID: PMC6335573 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, risk factors for equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) have not been described in Thoroughbred racehorses. OBJECTIVES To determine management factors associated with EGGD, identify clinical signs in affected horses, and compare these to equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD). ANIMALS The study was carried out on 109 Thoroughbred racehorses from 8 training yards (3 in the United Kingdom and 5 in Australia). METHODS Gastroscopic examination alongside a questionnaire regarding management, feeding, exercise, and health. RESULTS Management factors and clinical signs were different for EGGD versus ESGD. Exercising ≥5 days per week was associated with a 10.4 times (95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.34-26.9) increased risk of EGGD. Horses racing below expectation were 3.7 times (95% CI: 1.1-16.7) more likely to have EGGD. Trainer was also identified as a risk factor for EGGD. Time in work ≤6 weeks was associated with a decreased risk of ESGD (odds ratio [OR] 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.99). Horses aggressive to humans were less likely to have ESGD (OR 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03-0.54). Horses with stereotypies were more likely to have ESGD (OR 5.0; 95% CI: 1.6-15.9). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The findings of our study further support the notion that EGGD should be considered as a distinct disease entity to ESGD. Exercising ≤4 days per week could reduce the risk of EGGD. Horses with EGGD are more likely to perform below expectation and, as such, EGGD might be performance limiting in some affected individuals. Stress minimization could reduce the risk of EGGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Sykes
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.,Luoda Pharma, Caringbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Bowen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gayle D Hallowell
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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31
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POLTEP K, TESENA P, YINGCHUTRAKUL Y, TAYLOR J, WONGTAWAN T. Optimisation of a serum albumin removal protocol for use in a proteomic study to identify the protein biomarkers for silent gastric ulceration in horses. J Equine Sci 2018; 29:53-60. [PMID: 30250392 PMCID: PMC6145863 DOI: 10.1294/jes.29.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent gastric ulceration occurs without evidence of clinical signs and is common in horses. There is currently no a simple and effective method to diagnose this disease. Proteomics can be used to identify serum biomarkers, but the most abundant serum protein, albumin, could conceal candidate biomarkers. Therefore, it is recommended to remove albumin before a proteomic study; however, there is no specific albumin depletion kit or standard protocol available for horse samples. The objectives of this study were to optimise a protocol to remove equine serum albumin and to use albumin-depleted serum to identify the protein biomarkers for silent gastric ulceration. Gastroscopy was used to identify gastric ulceration, and serum was obtained from horses with either a healthy gastric mucosa or gastric ulceration. Serum albumin was removed using the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) protein precipitation method, and this protocol was optimised by varying the concentration of TCA, type of organic solvents, ratio of serum to protein precipitation solution, and incubation times. Electrophoresis and image analysis were used to compare the amounts of albumin, immunoglobulins G (IgG), and protein degradation before and after TCA precipitation. The best protocol was chosen to remove albumin for a proteomic study (electrophoresis and mass spectrometry). The results revealed that protocol 2 (ratio of serum to solution 1:5, 10% TCA in acetone, and 90 min incubation) was the most efficient protocol to remove albumin (98%) and IgG heavy (80%) and light (98%) chains without degrading other proteins. After electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis, KRT1, KRT6A and KRT18 were identified as potential markers for silent gastric ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanaporn POLTEP
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Centre for
Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol
University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and
Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom
73170, Thailand
| | - Parichart TESENA
- Department of Clinical Science and Public
Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170,
Thailand
| | - Yodying YINGCHUTRAKUL
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome
Technology Research Unit, National Centre for Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology,
Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jane TAYLOR
- Biomedical Teaching Organisation, Biomedical
Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG,
U.K.
| | - Tuempong WONGTAWAN
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal
Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170,
Thailand
- Laboratory of Cellular Biomedicine and
Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom
73170, Thailand
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Pedersen SK, Cribb AE, Windeyer MC, Read EK, French D, Banse HE. Risk factors for equine glandular and squamous gastric disease in show jumping Warmbloods. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:747-751. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Pedersen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- TD Equine Veterinary Group; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - A. E. Cribb
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - M. C. Windeyer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - E. K. Read
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - D. French
- TD Equine Veterinary Group; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - H. E. Banse
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
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33
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Bass L, Swain E, Santos H, Hess T, Black J. Effects of Feeding Frequency Using a Commercial Automated Feeding Device on Gastric Ulceration in Exercised Quarter Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 64:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Mönki J, Hewetson M, Virtala AMK. Risk Factors for Equine Gastric Glandular Disease: A Case-Control Study in a Finnish Referral Hospital Population. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 30:1270-5. [PMID: 27461724 PMCID: PMC5108429 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Equine gastric glandular disease (EGGD) is a term used to classify erosive and ulcerative diseases of the glandular mucosa of the equine stomach. Epidemiologic studies of risk factors for EGGD have not been reported. Objective To determine risk factors for EGGD. Animals Cases (n = 83) had endoscopic evidence of EGGD; controls (n = 34) included healthy horses and horses with equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) without EGGD. Methods Retrospective case‐control study. The data were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression modeling. Analysis was performed on the full dataset. An additional analysis compared horses with glandular lesions (n = 43) against healthy horses (n = 22). Results On first analysis, Warmblood breed (OR = 13.9, 95% CI 2.2–90.9, P = .005) and an increasing number of caretakers (OR = 7.3, 95% CI 0.98–55.6, P = .053) were associated with an increased risk of EGGD. On analysis of the subset of data, Warmblood breed (OR = 28.6, 95% CI 2.96–250.0, P = .004) and increasing number of riders (OR = 12.99, 95% CI 0.94–166.7, P = .056) were risk factors. The presence of sand in the colon appeared to have a protective effect against EGGD (OR = 0.195, 95% CI 0.04–1.0, P = .051 for sand versus not having sand). Conclusions and clinical importance This study suggests that Warmbloods are predisposed to EGGD and multiple handlers/riders might increase the risk of EGGD. Identification of risk factors allows speculation on potential pathophysiological mechanisms of EGGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mönki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Hewetson
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - A-M K Virtala
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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35
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Rendle D, Bowen M, Brazil T, Conwell R, Hallowell G, Hepburn R, Hewetson M, Sykes B. Recommendations for the management of equine glandular gastric disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.12968/ukve.2018.2.s1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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37
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Hines MT. Clinical Approach to Commonly Encountered Problems. EQUINE INTERNAL MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7158300 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-44329-6.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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38
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Scheidegger M, Gerber V, Bruckmaier R, van der Kolk J, Burger D, Ramseyer A. Increased adrenocortical response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in sport horses with equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD). Vet J 2017; 228:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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Bush J, van den Boom R, Franklin S. Comparison of aloe vera and omeprazole in the treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:34-40. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Bush
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - R. van den Boom
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - S. Franklin
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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40
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Cancers of the Esophagus and Stomach: Potential Mechanisms Behind the Beneficial Influence of Physical Activity. Clin J Sport Med 2017; 27:415-421. [PMID: 27428674 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare findings from several recent meta-analyses showing a reduced risk of gastric and esophageal cancers in physically active individuals, to assess the magnitude of this benefit, and to seek information on potential underlying mechanisms. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search of Ovid/Medline from 1996 to February 2016, using the terms physical activity or exercise or training and esophageal or gastric cancer, and supplementing the articles identified by material from references lists and personal files. MAIN RESULTS Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with a 20% to 30% reduction in the risk of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, with a significant dose/response relationship. Benefit is greater in women than in men, and greater for noncardia than for cardia or esophageal tumors. Mechanisms could include a reduction of visceral fat (with a lesser production of cancer promoting hormones and reduced gastroesophageal reflux) and/or a lesser likelihood of smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Physical activity does not protect against Helicobacter pylori infections or gastric ulceration, but mechanisms related to the impact of exercise on immune function, antioxidant mechanisms, and gastroesophageal reflux remain to be explored. CONCLUSIONS Regular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with a clinically significant reduction in the risk of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, but mechanisms are as yet unclear, and a causal relationship remains to be proven.
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Veterinary problems of endurance horses in England and Wales. Prev Vet Med 2017; 140:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Sgorbini M, Bonelli F, Papini R, Busechian S, Briganti A, Laus F, Faillace V, Zappulla F, Rizk A, Rueca F. Equine gastric ulcer syndrome in adult donkeys: Investigation on prevalence, anatomical distribution, and severity. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - F. Bonelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - R. Papini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - S. Busechian
- Department of Clinical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - A. Briganti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - F. Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine; University of Camerino; Matelica Macerata Italy
| | - V. Faillace
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine; University of Camerino; Matelica Macerata Italy
| | - F. Zappulla
- Department of Clinical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - A. Rizk
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - F. Rueca
- Department of Clinical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
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Hewetson M, Sykes BW, Hallowell GD, Tulamo RM. Diagnostic accuracy of blood sucrose as a screening test for equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in adult horses. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:15. [PMID: 28284214 PMCID: PMC5346197 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is common in adult horses, particularly those involved in performance disciplines. Currently, detection of EGUS by gastroscopy is the only reliable ante mortem method for definitive diagnosis; however it is unsuitable as a screening test because it is expensive, time consuming, and is not readily available to most veterinarians. Sucrose permeability testing represents a simple, economical alternative to gastroscopy for screening purposes, and the feasibility of this approach in the horse has been previously reported. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of blood sucrose as a screening test for EGUS in a large group of adult horses with and without naturally occurring gastric disease. Results One hundred and one adult horses with or without naturally occurring gastric ulceration were studied. The diagnostic accuracy of blood sucrose for diagnosis of gastric lesions (GL), glandular lesions (GDL), squamous lesions (SQL), and clinically significant lesions (CSL) at 45 and 90 min after administration of 1 g/kg of sucrose via nasogastric intubation was assessed using receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). For each lesion type, sucrose concentration in blood was compared to gastroscopy, as the gold standard, and sensitivities (Se) and specificities (Sp) were calculated across a range of sucrose concentrations. Ulcer grading was performed blindly by one observer; and the results were validated by comparing them with that of two other observers, and calculating the level of agreement. Cut-off values were selected manually to optimize Se. The prevalence of GL, GDL, SQL, and CSL was 83, 70, 53 and 58% respectively. At the selected cut-offs, Se ranged from 51 to 79% and Sp ranged from 43 to 72%, depending upon the lesion type and time of sampling. Conclusions Blood sucrose is neither a sensitive or specific test for detecting EGUS in this population of adult horses with naturally occurring gastric ulceration. Further studies aimed at evaluating the performance characteristics of the test in different study populations are warranted. Given the limitations of endoscopy, due consideration should also be given to alternative methods for comparison of blood sucrose with a gold standard. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-017-0284-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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45
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Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. Vet Med (Auckl) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7167529 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Daure E, Ross L, Webster CRL. Gastroduodenal Ulceration in Small Animals: Part 1. Pathophysiology and Epidemiology. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2017; 53:1-10. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Gastroduodenal ulceration in small animals is a complex and important comorbidity that occurs when the physiological homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted secondary to administration of medications or the presence of local or systemic diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the veterinary literature regarding the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors associated with gastroduodenal ulceration in small animals. Pertinent concepts from the human literature will be integrated into the discussion. This article serves as an introduction to the second part of this series, which will review current evidence regarding the use of H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evence Daure
- From the Centre Vétérinaire Daubigny, Quebec, Canada (E.D.); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts (L.R., C.R.L.W.)
| | - Linda Ross
- From the Centre Vétérinaire Daubigny, Quebec, Canada (E.D.); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts (L.R., C.R.L.W.)
| | - Cynthia R. L. Webster
- From the Centre Vétérinaire Daubigny, Quebec, Canada (E.D.); and the Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts (L.R., C.R.L.W.)
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Bonelli F, Busechian S, Meucci V, Caporrino G, Briganti A, Rueca F, Zappulla F, Ferini E, Ghiandai L, Sgorbini M. pHyloGASTRO in the Treatment of Equine Gastric Ulcer Lesions. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sykes BW, Hewetson M, Hepburn RJ, Luthersson N, Tamzali Y. European College of Equine Internal Medicine Consensus Statement--Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in Adult Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 29:1288-99. [PMID: 26340142 PMCID: PMC4858038 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B W Sykes
- BW Sykes Consultancy, Upper Orara, NSW, Australia.,School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - M Hewetson
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - R J Hepburn
- B&W Equine Hospital, Breadstone, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, UK
| | | | - Y Tamzali
- Equine Internal Medicine, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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50
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Martínez JR, Zuluaga AM, Silveira GE. Effects of corn oil on the gastric mucosa of horses with induced ulcer. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2016. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v29n2a07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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