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Sun T, Wang Y, Niu D, Geng Q, Qiu H, Song F, Keller NP, Tian J, Yang K. Peanut Rhizosphere Achromobacter xylosoxidans Inhibits Aspergillus flavus Development and Aflatoxin Synthesis by Inducing Apoptosis through Targeting the Cell Membrane. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17572-17587. [PMID: 39069673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of crop seeds and feed with Aspergillus flavus and its associated aflatoxins presents a significant threat to human and animal health due to their hepatotoxic and carcinogenic properties. To address this challenge, researchers have screened for potential biological control agents in peanut soil and pods. This study identified a promising candidate, a strain of the nonpigmented bacterium, Achromobacter xylosoxidans ZJS2-1, isolated from the peanut rhizosphere in Zhejiang Province, China, exhibiting notable antifungal and antiaflatoxin activities. Further investigations demonstrated that ZJS2-1 active substances (ZAS) effectively inhibited growth at a MIC of 60 μL/mL and nearly suppressed AFB1 production by 99%. Metabolomic analysis revealed that ZAS significantly affected metabolites involved in cell wall and membrane biosynthesis, leading to compromised cellular integrity and induced apoptosis in A. flavus through the release of cytochrome c. Notably, ZAS targeted SrbA, a key transcription factor involved in ergosterol biosynthesis and cell membrane integrity, highlighting its crucial role in ZJS2-1's biocontrol mechanism. Moreover, infection of crop seeds and plant wilt caused by A. flavus can be efficiently alleviated by ZAS. Additionally, ZJS2-1 and ZAS demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on various Aspergillus species, with inhibition rates ranging from 80 to 99%. These findings highlight the potential of ZJS2-1 as a biocontrol agent against Aspergillus species, offering a promising solution to enhance food safety and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzheng Sun
- JSNU-UWEC Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- JSNU-UWEC Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Dongjing Niu
- JSNU-UWEC Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qingru Geng
- JSNU-UWEC Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Han Qiu
- JSNU-UWEC Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Fengqin Song
- JSNU-UWEC Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jun Tian
- JSNU-UWEC Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Kunlong Yang
- JSNU-UWEC Joint Laboratory of Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Kim I, Chhetri G, So Y, Park S, Jung Y, Woo H, Seo T. Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lysobacter soyae sp. nov Isolated from the Root of Glycine max L. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1900. [PMID: 37630460 PMCID: PMC10456730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have attracted attention from several fields due to their high industrial applicability. In the present study, rhizosphere strain CJ11T was isolated from the root of Glycine max L. in Goyang-si, Republic of Korea, and a novel exopolysaccharide was purified from the Lysobacter sp. CJ11T fermentation broth. The exopolysaccharide's average molecular weight was 0.93 × 105 Da. Its monosaccharide composition included 72.2% mannose, 17.2% glucose, 7.8% galactose, and 2.8% arabinose. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified the exopolysaccharide carbohydrate polymer functional groups, and the structural properties were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance. In addition, a microstructure of lyophilized EPS was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Using thermogravimetric analysis, the degradation of the exopolysaccharide produced by strain CJ11T was determined to be 210 °C. The exopolysaccharide at a concentration of 4 mg/mL exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free-radical-scavenging activity of 73.47%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that strain CJ11T was a novel isolate for which the name Lysobacter soyae sp. nov is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Taegun Seo
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (I.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (S.P.); (Y.J.); (H.W.)
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Yang P, Qu C, Yuan M, Xi B, Jia X, Zhang B, Zhang L. Genetic Basis and Expression Pattern Indicate the Biocontrol Potential and Soil Adaption of Lysobacter capsici CK09. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1768. [PMID: 37512940 PMCID: PMC10384520 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysobacter species have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their capacities to produce diverse secondary metabolites against phytopathogens. In this research, we analyzed the genomic and transcriptomic patterns of Lysobacter capsici CK09. Our data showed that L. capsici CK09 harbored various contact-independent biocontrol traits, such as fungal cell wall lytic enzymes and HSAF/WAP-8294A2 biosynthesis, as well as several contact-dependent machineries, including type 2/4/6 secretion systems. Additionally, a variety of hydrolytic enzymes, particularly extracellular enzymes, were found in the L. capsici CK09 genome and predicted to improve its adaption in soil. Furthermore, several systems, including type 4 pili, type 3 secretion system and polysaccharide biosynthesis, can provide a selective advantage to L. capsici CK09, enabling the species to live on the surface in soil. The expression of these genes was then confirmed via transcriptomic analysis, indicating the activities of these genes. Collectively, our research provides a comprehensive understanding of the biocontrol potential and soil adaption of L. capsici CK09 and implies the potential of this strain for application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chaofan Qu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Bo Xi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiu Jia
- Institute of Biodiversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ben Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Drenker C, El Mazouar D, Bücker G, Weißhaupt S, Wienke E, Koch E, Kunz S, Reineke A, Rondot Y, Linkies A. Characterization of a Disease-Suppressive Isolate of Lysobacter enzymogenes with Broad Antagonistic Activity against Bacterial, Oomycetal and Fungal Pathogens in Different Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:682. [PMID: 36771766 PMCID: PMC9920595 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although synthetic pesticides play a major role in plant protection, their application needs to be reduced because of their negative impact on the environment. This applies also to copper preparations, which are used in organic farming. For this reason, alternatives with less impact on the environment are urgently needed. In this context, we evaluated eight isolates of the genus Lysobacter (mainly Lysobacter enzymogenes) for their activity against plant pathogens. In vitro, the investigated Lysobacter isolates showed broad antagonistic activity against several phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria. Enzyme assays revealed diverse activities for the tested isolates. The most promising L. enzymogenes isolate (LEC) was used for further detailed analyses of its efficacy and effective working concentrations. The experiments included in vitro spore and sporangia germination tests and leaf disc assays as well as ad planta growth chamber trials against Alternaria solani and Phytophthora infestans on tomato plants, Pseudoperonospora cubensis on cucumbers and Venturia inaequalis on young potted apple trees. When applied on leaves, dilutions of a culture suspension of LEC had a concentration-dependent, protective effect against the tested pathogens. In all pathosystems tested, the effective concentrations were in the range of 2.5-5% and similarly efficacious to common plant protection agents containing copper hydroxide, wettable sulphur or fenhexamid. Thus, the isolate of L. enzymogenes identified in this study exhibits a broad activity against common plant pathogens and is therefore a promising candidate for the development of a microbial biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Drenker
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Doris El Mazouar
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | - Gerrit Bücker
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
- Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Eckhard Koch
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
| | | | - Annette Reineke
- Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Yvonne Rondot
- Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Ada Linkies
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany
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Boro M, Sannyasi S, Chettri D, Verma AK. Microorganisms in biological control strategies to manage microbial plant pathogens: a review. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:666. [PMID: 36214917 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are an integral part of modern agriculture and are often associated with numerous environmental problems. Biological agents such as microorganisms can largely replace chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The proper use of selected microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses have several benefits for agriculture. These include a healthy soil microbiota, biological production of important compounds that promote plant health, and to be used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) that provide protection from plant pathogenic microorganisms. Scientists have found that several bacterial genera including Bacillus and Pseudomonas have antimicrobial activity against numerous pathogenic bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Trichoderma, Aspergillus, and Penicillium are among the most common fungal genera used as BCAs against both bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Several bacteriophages and mycoviruses are also found effective as BCAs against selective plant pathogens. Fusarium oxysporum is a commonly found microbial plant pathogen causing wilts and rots in plants. Overall, it can be concluded that the use of microbial BCAs is an effective practice against microbial plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manswama Boro
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Shuvankar Sannyasi
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
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Xu S, Zhang Z, Xie X, Shi Y, Chai A, Fan T, Li B, Li L. Comparative genomics provides insights into the potential biocontrol mechanism of two Lysobacter enzymogenes strains with distinct antagonistic activities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:966986. [PMID: 36033849 PMCID: PMC9410377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.966986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysobacter enzymogenes has been applied as an abundant beneficial microorganism to control plant disease; however, most L. enzymogenes strains have been mainly reported to control fungal diseases, not bacterial diseases. In this study, two L. enzymogenes strains were characterized, of which CX03 displayed a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities toward multiple bacteria, while CX06 exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activities toward diverse fungi and oomycete, and the whole genomes of the two strains were sequenced and compared. The genome annotation showed that the CX03 genome comprised a 5,947,018 bp circular chromosome, while strain CX06 comprised a circular 6,206,196 bp chromosome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CX03 had a closer genetic relationship with L. enzymogenes ATCC29487T and M497-1, while CX06 was highly similar to L. enzymogenes C3. Functional gene annotation analyses of the two L. enzymogenes strains showed that many genes or gene clusters associated with the biosynthesis of different secondary metabolites were found in strains CX03 and CX06, which may be responsible for the different antagonistic activities against diverse plant pathogens. Moreover, comparative genomic analysis revealed the difference in bacterial secretory systems between L. enzymogenes strains CX03 and CX06. In addition, numerous conserved genes related to siderophore biosynthesis, quorum sensing, two-component systems, flagellar biosynthesis and chemotaxis were also identified in the genomes of strains CX03 and CX06. Most reported L. enzymogenes strains were proven mainly to suppress fungi, while CX03 exhibited direct inhibitory activities toward plant bacterial pathogens and showed an obvious role in managing bacterial disease. This study provides a novel understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms of L. enzymogenes, and reveals great potential for its application in plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Baoju Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li X, Kong P, Daughtrey M, Kosta K, Schirmer S, Howle M, Likins M, Hong C. Characterization of the Soil Bacterial Community from Selected Boxwood Gardens across the United States. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1514. [PMID: 35893572 PMCID: PMC9330173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, we observed a rapid decline of the boxwood blight pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps) soil population in all surveyed gardens across the United States, and we speculated that these garden soils might be suppressive to Cps. This study aimed to characterize the soil bacterial community in these boxwood gardens. Soil samples were taken from one garden in California, Illinois, South Carolina, and Virginia and two in New York in early summer and late fall of 2017 and 2018. Soil DNA was extracted and its 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced using the Nanopore MinION® platform. These garden soils were consistently dominated by Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales, regardless of garden location and sampling time. These two orders contain many species or strains capable of pathogen suppression and plant fitness improvement. Overall, 66 bacterial taxa were identified in this study that are known to have strains with biological control activity (BCA) against plant pathogens. Among the most abundant were Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp., which may have contributed to the Cps decline in these garden soils. This study highlights the importance of soil microorganisms in plant health and provides a new perspective on garden disease management using the soil microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA; (P.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Ping Kong
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA; (P.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Margery Daughtrey
- Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY 11901, USA;
| | - Kathleen Kosta
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA;
| | - Scott Schirmer
- Bureau of Environmental Programs, Illinois Department of Agriculture, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA;
| | - Matthew Howle
- Department of Plant Industry, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29506, USA;
| | - Michael Likins
- Chesterfield Cooperative Extension, Chesterfield County, VA 23832, USA;
| | - Chuanxue Hong
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA; (P.K.); (C.H.)
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Ferraboschi P, Ciceri S, Grisenti P. Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34943746 PMCID: PMC8698798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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Effects of Different Continuous Cropping Years on Bacterial Community and Diversity of Cucumber Rhizosphere Soil in Solar-Greenhouse. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2380-2390. [PMID: 33871692 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The rhizosphere soils from 1, 3, 5, and 7 years of cucumber continuous cropping in solar-greenhouse were used as the research objects. The region of bacterial 16S rRNA was analyzed by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The effect of continuous cropping years on the microbial community structure and diversity in cucumber soil in the greenhouse was investigated. The physical and chemical properties of soil and the activities of urease and catalase were determined. The results showed that cucumber crop succession for different years affected the community composition of the bacteria at the phylum level, and the abundance of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Patescibacteria and Firmicutes gradually increased, while Actinobacteria in the soil significantly decreased. Among the top 15 significantly different genera, with the extension of successive years, the relative abundance of most genera in bacteria decreased after a small increase in year 3. The diversity results indicated that soil samples from continuous cropping for 7 years had the lowest community diversity. PICRUSt analysis showed a decreasing trend in soil bacterial function as the cucumber crop succession age increased. In environmental factor clustering analysis, the soil bacterial community was significantly correlated with pH, available nitrogen (AN), soil urease (SUR) and available phosphorus (AP), and the effect on the bacterial community was expressed as SUR > AP > AN > pH.
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