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Sigfstead S, Jiang R, Avram R, Davies B, Krahn AD, Cheung CC. Applying Artificial Intelligence for Phenotyping of Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00335-0. [PMID: 38670456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited arrhythmia disorders account for a significant proportion of sudden cardiac death, particularly among young individuals. Recent advances in our understanding of these syndromes have improved patient diagnosis and care, yet certain clinical gaps remain, particularly within case ascertainment, access to genetic testing and risk stratification. Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning and its subset deep learning, present promising solutions to these challenges. The capacity of AI to process vast amounts of patient data and identify disease patterns differentiates them from traditional methods, which are time and resource intensive. To date, AI models have demonstrated immense potential in condition detection (including asymptomatic/concealed disease) and genotype and phenotype identification, exceeding expert cardiologists in these tasks. Additionally, they have exhibited applicability for general population screening, improving case ascertainment in a set of conditions that are often asymptomatic such as left ventricular dysfunction. Third, models have displayed ability to improve testing protocols, as through model identification of disease and genotype, specific clinical testing (e.g. drug challenges or further diagnostic imaging) can be avoided, reducing health care expenses, speeding diagnosis, and possibly allowing for more incremental or targeted genetic testing approaches. These significant benefits warrant continued investigation of the field, particularly regarding the development and implementation of clinically applicable screening tools. This review summarizes key developments in the field, including studies in Long QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, and Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathies, and provides direction for effective future AI implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sigfstead
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - River Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Robert Avram
- Heartwise (heartwise.ai), Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC; Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC
| | - Brianna Davies
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Andrew D Krahn
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
| | - Christopher C Cheung
- Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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2
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Wu I, Zeng A, Greer-Short A, Aycinena JA, Tefera AE, Shenwai R, Farshidfar F, Van Pell M, Xu E, Reid C, Rodriguez N, Lim B, Chung TW, Woods J, Scott A, Jones S, Dee-Hoskins C, Gutierrez CG, Madariaga J, Robinson K, Hatter Y, Butler R, Steltzer S, Ho J, Priest JR, Song X, Jing F, Green K, Ivey KN, Hoey T, Yang J, Yang ZJ. AAV9:PKP2 improves heart function and survival in a Pkp2-deficient mouse model of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:38. [PMID: 38499690 PMCID: PMC10948840 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a familial cardiac disease associated with ventricular arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Currently, there are no approved treatments that address the underlying genetic cause of this disease, representing a significant unmet need. Mutations in Plakophilin-2 (PKP2), encoding a desmosomal protein, account for approximately 40% of ARVC cases and result in reduced gene expression. METHODS Our goal is to examine the feasibility and the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated restoration of PKP2 expression in a cardiac specific knock-out mouse model of Pkp2. RESULTS We show that a single dose of AAV9:PKP2 gene delivery prevents disease development before the onset of cardiomyopathy and attenuates disease progression after overt cardiomyopathy. Restoration of PKP2 expression leads to a significant extension of lifespan by restoring cellular structures of desmosomes and gap junctions, preventing or halting decline in left ventricular ejection fraction, preventing or reversing dilation of the right ventricle, ameliorating ventricular arrhythmia event frequency and severity, and preventing adverse fibrotic remodeling. RNA sequencing analyses show that restoration of PKP2 expression leads to highly coordinated and durable correction of PKP2-associated transcriptional networks beyond desmosomes, revealing a broad spectrum of biological perturbances behind ARVC disease etiology. CONCLUSIONS We identify fundamental mechanisms of PKP2-associated ARVC beyond disruption of desmosome function. The observed PKP2 dose-function relationship indicates that cardiac-selective AAV9:PKP2 gene therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach to treat ARVC patients with PKP2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wu
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Aliya Zeng
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Anley E Tefera
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Reva Shenwai
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Emma Xu
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Chris Reid
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Lim
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tae Won Chung
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joseph Woods
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Aquilla Scott
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Samantha Jones
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Robinson
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yolanda Hatter
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Renee Butler
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Jaclyn Ho
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - James R Priest
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaomei Song
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Frank Jing
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kristina Green
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kathryn N Ivey
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Timothy Hoey
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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Mo H, Hua X, Bao M, Sun Z, Chen X, Xu M, Song J. A Heterozygous Phospholamban Variant (p.R14del) Leads to Left Ventricular Involvement and Heart Failure Phenotypes in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 4:13-23. [PMID: 38605909 PMCID: PMC11003943 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical features of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) caused by pathogenic mutations in the Phospholamban (PLN) gene. The study included 170 patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of ARVC and underwent PLN genetic screening using next-generation sequencing. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the association between PLN mutations and ARVC, which can aid in the development of more effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for ARVC patients. Out of the patients evaluated, six had a rare pathogenic mutation in PLN with the same p.R14del variant. Family screening revealed that heterozygous carriers of p.R14del exhibited a definite ARVC phenotype. In clinical studies, individuals with the p.R14del mutation experienced a similar rate of malignant arrhythmia events as those with classic desmosome mutations. After adjusting for covariates, individuals with PLN mutations had a two point one seven times greater likelihood of experiencing transplant-related risks compared to those who did not possess PLN mutations (95% CI 1.08-6.82, p = 0.035). The accumulation of left ventricular fat and fibers is a pathological marker for ARVC patients with p.R14del mutations. In a cohort of 170 Chinese ARVC patients, three point five percent of probands had the PLN pathogenic variant (p.R14del) and all were female. Our data shows that PLN-related ARVC patients are at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure, which requires clinical differentiation from classic ARVC. Furthermore, carrying the p.R14del mutation can be an independent prognostic risk factor in ARVC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00126-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Mo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057 China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Mengni Bao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057 China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057 China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Mengda Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057 China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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4
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Polovina M, Tschöpe C, Rosano G, Metra M, Crea F, Mullens W, Bauersachs J, Sliwa K, de Boer RA, Farmakis D, Thum T, Corrado D, Bayes-Genis A, Bozkurt B, Filippatos G, Keren A, Skouri H, Moura B, Volterrani M, Abdelhamid M, Ašanin M, Krljanac G, Tomić M, Savarese G, Adamo M, Lopatin Y, Chioncel O, Coats AJS, Seferović PM. Incidence, risk assessment and prevention of sudden cardiac death in cardiomyopathies. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:2144-2163. [PMID: 37905371 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, mainly due to the development of heart failure and increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Despite improvement in survival with contemporary treatment, SCD remains an important cause of mortality in cardiomyopathies. It occurs at a rate ranging between 0.15% and 0.7% per year (depending on the cardiomyopathy), which significantly surpasses SCD incidence in the age- and sex-matched general population. The risk of SCD is affected by multiple factors including the aetiology, genetic basis, age, sex, physical exertion, the extent of myocardial disease severity, conduction system abnormalities, and electrical instability, as measured by various metrics. Over the past decades, the knowledge on the mechanisms and risk factors for SCD has substantially improved, allowing for a better-informed risk stratification. However, unresolved issues still challenge the guidance of SCD prevention in patients with cardiomyopathies. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth discussion of the contemporary concepts pertinent to understanding the burden, risk assessment and prevention of SCD in cardiomyopathies (dilated, non-dilated left ventricular, hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic right ventricular, and restrictive). The review first focuses on SCD incidence in cardiomyopathies and then summarizes established and emerging risk factors for life-threatening arrhythmias/SCD. Finally, it discusses validated approaches to the risk assessment and evidence-based measures for SCD prevention in cardiomyopathies, pointing to the gaps in evidence and areas of uncertainties that merit future clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Polovina
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Cape Heart Institute. Division of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBERCV, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Biykem Bozkurt
- Section of Cardiology, Winters Center for Heart Failure, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Andre Keren
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Clalit Services District of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadi Skouri
- Division of Cardiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Brenda Moura
- Armed Forces Hospital, Porto, & Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Magdy Abdelhamid
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Milika Ašanin
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Krljanac
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milenko Tomić
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianna Adamo
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Yuri Lopatin
- Volgograd Medical University, Cardiology Centre, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu', Bucharest, Romania
- University for Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila', Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Petar M Seferović
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Tadros HJ, Miyake CY, Kearney DL, Kim JJ, Denfield SW. The Many Faces of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: An Overview. Appl Clin Genet 2023; 16:181-203. [PMID: 37933265 PMCID: PMC10625769 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s383446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a disease that involves electromechanical uncoupling of cardiomyocytes. This leads to characteristic histologic changes that ultimately lead to the arrhythmogenic clinical features of the disease. Initially thought to affect the right ventricle predominantly, more recent data show that it can affect both the ventricles or the left ventricle alone. Throughout the recent era, diagnostic modalities and criteria for AC have continued to evolve and our understanding of its clinical features in different age groups as well as the genotype to the phenotype correlations have improved. In this review, we set out to detail the epidemiology, etiologies, presentations, evaluation, and management of AC across the age continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Tadros
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christina Y Miyake
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debra L Kearney
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan W Denfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Arbelo E, Protonotarios A, Gimeno JR, Arbustini E, Barriales-Villa R, Basso C, Bezzina CR, Biagini E, Blom NA, de Boer RA, De Winter T, Elliott PM, Flather M, Garcia-Pavia P, Haugaa KH, Ingles J, Jurcut RO, Klaassen S, Limongelli G, Loeys B, Mogensen J, Olivotto I, Pantazis A, Sharma S, Van Tintelen JP, Ware JS, Kaski JP. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3503-3626. [PMID: 37622657 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 200.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
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7
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Trancuccio A, Kukavica D, Sugamiele A, Mazzanti A, Priori SG. Prevention of Sudden Death and Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2023; 15:349-365. [PMID: 37558305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is an umbrella term for a group of inherited diseases of the cardiac muscle characterized by progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium. As suggested by the name, the disease confers electrical instability to the heart and increases the risk of the development of life-threatening arrhythmias, representing one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD), especially in young athletes. In this review, the authors review the current knowledge of the disease, highlighting the state-of-the-art approaches to the prevention of the occurrence of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Trancuccio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Deni Kukavica
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Sugamiele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia G Priori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy.
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8
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Bos TA, Piers SRD, Wessels MW, Houweling AC, Bökenkamp R, Bootsma M, Bosman LP, Evertz R, Hellebrekers DMEI, Hoedemaekers YM, Knijnenburg J, Lekanne Deprez R, van Mil AM, Te Riele ASJM, van Slegtenhorst MA, Wilde AAM, Yap SC, Dooijes D, Koopmann TT, van Tintelen JP, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM. The arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy phenotype associated with PKP2 c.1211dup variant. Neth Heart J 2023:10.1007/s12471-023-01791-2. [PMID: 37505369 PMCID: PMC10400759 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-023-01791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) phenotype, with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure, varies according to genetic aetiology. We aimed to characterise the phenotype associated with the variant c.1211dup (p.Val406Serfs*4) in the plakophilin‑2 gene (PKP2) and compare it with previously reported Dutch PKP2 founder variants. METHODS Clinical data were collected retrospectively from medical records of 106 PKP2 c.1211dup heterozygous carriers. Using data from the Netherlands ACM Registry, c.1211dup was compared with 3 other truncating PKP2 variants (c.235C > T (p.Arg79*), c.397C > T (p.Gln133*) and c.2489+1G > A (p.?)). RESULTS Of the 106 carriers, 47 (44%) were diagnosed with ACM, at a mean age of 41 years. By the end of follow-up, 29 (27%) had experienced sustained ventricular arrhythmias and 12 (11%) had developed heart failure, with male carriers showing significantly higher risks than females on these endpoints (p < 0.05). Based on available cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiographic data, 46% of the carriers showed either right ventricular dilatation and/or dysfunction, whereas a substantial minority (37%) had some form of left ventricular involvement. Both geographical distribution of carriers and haplotype analysis suggested PKP2 c.1211dup to be a founder variant originating from the South-Western coast of the Netherlands. Finally, a Cox proportional hazards model suggested significant differences in ventricular arrhythmia-free survival between 4 PKP2 founder variants, including c.1211dup. CONCLUSIONS The PKP2 c.1211dup variant is a Dutch founder variant associated with a typical right-dominant ACM phenotype, but also left ventricular involvement, and a possibly more severe phenotype than other Dutch PKP2 founder variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Bos
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan R D Piers
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marja W Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Bökenkamp
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Bootsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Reinder Evertz
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Hoedemaekers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Knijnenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Lekanne Deprez
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke M van Mil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneline S J M Te Riele
- Netherlands ACM Registry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Heart and Lungs, Division of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sing-Chien Yap
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara T Koopmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Netherlands ACM Registry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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La Gerche A, Wasfy MM, Brosnan MJ, Claessen G, Fatkin D, Heidbuchel H, Baggish AL, Kovacic JC. The Athlete's Heart-Challenges and Controversies: JACC Focus Seminar 4/4. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1346-1362. [PMID: 36075838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise promotes structural, functional, and electrical remodeling of the heart, often referred to as the "athlete's heart," with intense endurance sports being associated with the greatest degree of cardiac remodeling. However, the extremes of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling are potentially associated with uncommon side effects. Atrial fibrillation is more common among endurance athletes and there is speculation that other arrhythmias may also be more prevalent. It is yet to be determined whether this arrhythmic susceptibility is a result of extreme exercise remodeling, genetic predisposition, or other factors. Gender may have the greatest influence on the cardiac response to exercise, but there has been far too little research directed at understanding differences in the sportsman's vs sportswoman's heart. Here in part 4 of a 4-part seminar series, the controversies and ambiguities regarding the athlete's heart, and in particular, its arrhythmic predisposition, genetic, and gender influences are reviewed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre La Gerche
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Centre for Sports Cardiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Meagan M Wasfy
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria J Brosnan
- National Centre for Sports Cardiology, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guido Claessen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Antwerp University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp, Belgium; Cardiovascular Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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10
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Sex Differences in Cardiomyopathy. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-022-00700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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The value of genetic testing in the diagnosis and risk stratification of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:1659-1665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Bueno-Beti C, Asimaki A. Histopathological Features and Protein Markers of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:746321. [PMID: 34950711 PMCID: PMC8688541 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.746321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a heritable heart muscle disease characterized by syncope, palpitations, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) especially in young individuals. It is estimated to affect 1:5,000 individuals in the general population, with >60% of patients bearing one or more mutations in genes coding for desmosomal proteins. Desmosomes are intercellular adhesion junctions, which in cardiac myocytes reside within the intercalated disks (IDs), the areas of mechanical and electrical cell-cell coupling. Histologically, ACM is characterized by fibrofatty replacement of cardiac myocytes predominantly in the right ventricular free wall though left ventricular and biventricular forms have also been described. The disease is characterized by age-related progression, vast phenotypic manifestation and incomplete penetrance, making proband diagnosis and risk stratification of family members particularly challenging. Key protein redistribution at the IDs may represent a specific diagnostic marker but its applicability is still limited by the need for a myocardial sample. Specific markers of ACM in surrogate tissues, such as the blood and the buccal epithelium, may represent a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive alternative for diagnosis and cascade screening. In this review, we shall cover the most relevant biomarkers so far reported and discuss their potential impact on the diagnosis, prognosis and management of ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angeliki Asimaki
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Przybylski R, Abrams DJ. Clinical and genetic features of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: the electrophysiology perspective. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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de Brouwer R, Meems LMG, Verstraelen TE, Mahmoud B, Proost V, Wilde AAM, Bosman LP, van Drie E, van der Zwaag PA, van Tintelen JP, Houweling AC, van den Berg MP, de Boer RA. Sex-specific aspects of phospholamban cardiomyopathy: The importance and prognostic value of low-voltage electrocardiograms. Heart Rhythm 2021; 19:427-434. [PMID: 34767988 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pathogenic variant in the gene encoding phospholamban (PLN), a protein that regulates calcium homeostasis of cardiomyocytes, causes PLN cardiomyopathy. It is characterized by a high arrhythmic burden and can progress to severe cardiomyopathy. Risk assessment guides implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy and benefits from personalization. Whether sex-specific differences in PLN cardiomyopathy exist is unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of PLN cardiomyopathy diagnosis and risk assessment by investigating sex-specific aspects. METHODS We analyzed a multicenter cohort of 933 patients (412 male, 521 female) with the PLN p.(Arg14del) pathogenic variant following up on a recently developed PLN risk model. Sex-specific differences in the incidence of risk model components were investigated: low-voltage electrocardiogram (ECG), premature ventricular contractions, negative T waves, and left ventricular ejection fraction. RESULTS Sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) occurred in 77 males (18.7%) and 61 females (11.7%) (P = .004). Of the 933 cohort members, 287 (31%) had ≥1 low-voltage ECG during follow-up (180 females [63%], 107 males [37%]; P = .006). Female sex, age, age at clinical presentation, and proband status predicted low-voltage ECG during follow-up (area under the curve: 0.78). Sustained VA-free survival was lowest in males with low-voltage ECG (P <.001). CONCLUSION Low-voltage ECGs predict sustained VA and are a component of the PLN risk model. Low-voltage ECGs are more common in females, yet prognostic value is greater in males. Future studies should determine the impact of this difference on the risk prediction of PLN cardiomyopathy and possibly other cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco de Brouwer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Moreelsepark Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M G Meems
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom E Verstraelen
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Belend Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Virginnio Proost
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens P Bosman
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esmée van Drie
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A van der Zwaag
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P van den Berg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Approach to inherited arrhythmias in pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2021.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Kalantarian S, Åström Aneq M, Svetlichnaya J, Sharma S, Vittinghoff E, Klein L, Scheinman MM. Long-Term Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Progression of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Their Correlation With Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008121. [PMID: 34550004 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.008121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies of structural and electrocardiographic changes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy and their role in predicting ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia) have shown conflicting results. METHODS We reviewed 405 ECGs, 315 transthoracic echocardiographies, and 441 implantable cardioverter defibrillator interrogations in 64 arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy patients (56% men, mean age [SD], 44.2 [14.6] years) over a mean follow-up of 10 (range, 2.3-19) years. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify the association between ECG abnormalities, clinical variables, and transthoracic echocardiographic measurements (>mild degree of tricuspid regurgitation, RV outflow tract diameter in parasternal long axis and short axis, RV end-diastolic area, fractional area change). RESULTS There was a 4.65 (95% CI, 0.51%-8.8%) increase in RV end-diastolic area, a 3.75 (95% CI, 1.17%-6.34%) decrease in fractional area change, and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3-2.8) higher odds (odds ratio) of RV wall motion abnormality with every 5-year increase in age after patients' first transthoracic echocardiography. >Mild tricuspid regurgitation was an independent predictor of RV enlargement and dysfunction (hazard ratio of >10% drop in fractional area change from baseline [95% CI], 3.51 [1.77-6.95] and hazard ratio of >10% increase in RV end-diastolic area from baseline [95% CI], 4.90 [2.52-9.52]). Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator were more likely to develop >mild tricuspid regurgitation and larger structural and functional disease progression. More pronounced increase in RV end-diastolic area was translated into higher rates of any ventricular tachycardia. Inferior T-wave inversions and sum of R waves (mm) in V1 to V3 were predictors of RV enlargement and dysfunction with the former also predicting risk of any ventricular tachycardia. CONCLUSIONS Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease. Tricuspid regurgitation is an independent predictor of structural disease progression, which may be exacerbated by use of a transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Kalantarian
- University of California San Francisco (S.K., S.S., E.V., L.K., M.M.S.)
| | - Meriam Åström Aneq
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden (M.A.A.)
| | | | - Shikha Sharma
- University of California San Francisco (S.K., S.S., E.V., L.K., M.M.S.)
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- University of California San Francisco (S.K., S.S., E.V., L.K., M.M.S.)
| | - Liviu Klein
- University of California San Francisco (S.K., S.S., E.V., L.K., M.M.S.)
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17
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Rootwelt-Norberg C, Lie ØH, Chivulescu M, Castrini AI, Sarvari SI, Lyseggen E, Almaas VM, Bogsrud MP, Edvardsen T, Haugaa KH. Sex differences in disease progression and arrhythmic risk in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Europace 2021; 23:1084-1091. [PMID: 33829244 PMCID: PMC8286854 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to assess sex-specific phenotypes and disease progression, and their relation to exercise, in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In this longitudinal cohort study, we included consecutive patients with AC from a referral centre. We performed echocardiography at baseline and repeatedly during follow-up. Patients' exercise dose at inclusion was expressed as metabolic equivalents of task (MET)-h/week. Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) was defined as aborted cardiac arrest, sustained ventricular tachycardia, or appropriate therapy by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. We included 190 AC patients (45% female, 51% probands, age 41 ± 17 years). Ventricular arrhythmia had occurred at inclusion or occurred during follow-up in 85 patients (33% of females vs. 55% of males, P = 0.002). Exercise doses were higher in males compared with females [25 (interquartile range, IQR 14-51) vs. 12 (IQR 7-22) MET-h/week, P < 0.001]. Male sex was a marker of proband status [odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-5.0, P = 0.003] and a marker of VA (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4-5.0, P = 0.003), but not when adjusted for exercise dose and age (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.6, P = 0.12 and 1.5, 95% CI 0.7-3.1, P = 0.30, by 5 MET-h/week increments). In all, 167 (88%) patients had ≥2 echocardiographic examinations during 6.9 (IQR 4.7-9.8) years of follow-up. We observed no sex differences in deterioration of right or left ventricular dimensions and functions. CONCLUSION Male AC patients were more often probands and had higher prevalence of VA than female patients, but not when adjusting for exercise dose. Importantly, disease progression was similar between male and female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rootwelt-Norberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind H Lie
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Chivulescu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna I Castrini
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian I Sarvari
- ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Lyseggen
- ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke M Almaas
- ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina H Haugaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Keen J, Prisco SZ, Prins KW. Sex Differences in Right Ventricular Dysfunction: Insights From the Bench to Bedside. Front Physiol 2021; 11:623129. [PMID: 33536939 PMCID: PMC7848185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.623129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There are inherent distinctions in right ventricular (RV) performance based on sex as females have better RV function than males. These differences are magnified and have very important prognostic implications in two RV-centric diseases, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D). In both PH and ARVC/D, RV dysfunction results in poor patient outcomes. However, there are no currently approved therapies specifically targeting the failing RV, an important unmet need for these two life-threatening disorders. In this review, we highlight human data demonstrating divergent RV phenotypes in healthy, PH, and ARVC/D patients based on sex. Furthermore, we discuss the links between estrogen (the female predominant sex hormone), testosterone (the male predominant sex hormone), and dehydroepiandrosterone (a precursor hormone for multiple sex hormones in males and females) and RV function in both disorders. To provide potential mechanistic insights into sex differences in RV function, we review data that investigate how sex hormones combat or contribute to pathophysiological changes in the RV. Finally, we highlight the ongoing clinical trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension targeting estrogen and dehydroepiandrosterone signaling. Hopefully, a greater understanding of the factors that promote superior RV function in females will lead to novel therapeutic approaches to combat RV dysfunction in PH and ARVC/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Keen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sasha Z Prisco
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kurt W Prins
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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19
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Cadrin-Tourigny J, Bosman LP, Wang W, Tadros R, Bhonsale A, Bourfiss M, Lie ØH, Saguner AM, Svensson A, Andorin A, Tichnell C, Murray B, Zeppenfeld K, van den Berg MP, Asselbergs FW, Wilde AAM, Krahn AD, Talajic M, Rivard L, Chelko S, Zimmerman SL, Kamel IR, Crosson JE, Judge DP, Yap SC, Van der Heijden JF, Tandri H, Jongbloed JDH, van Tintelen JP, Platonov PG, Duru F, Haugaa KH, Khairy P, Hauer RNW, Calkins H, Te Riele ASJM, James CA. Sudden Cardiac Death Prediction in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: A Multinational Collaboration. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 14:e008509. [PMID: 33296238 PMCID: PMC7834666 DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.008509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is associated with ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). A model was recently developed to predict incident sustained VA in patients with ARVC. However, since this outcome may overestimate the risk for SCD, we aimed to specifically predict life-threatening VA (LTVA) as a closer surrogate for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cadrin-Tourigny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.,Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (J.C.-T., R.T., A.A., M.T., L.R., P.K.)
| | - Laurens P Bosman
- Netherlands Heart Institute (L.P.B., F.W.A., J.P.v.T., R.N.W.H., A.S.J.M.t.R.).,Department of Cardiology (L.P.B., M.B., F.W.A., J.F.V.d.H., A.S.J.M.t.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (J.C.-T., R.T., A.A., M.T., L.R., P.K.)
| | - Aditya Bhonsale
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mimount Bourfiss
- Department of Cardiology (L.P.B., M.B., F.W.A., J.F.V.d.H., A.S.J.M.t.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Øyvind H Lie
- Department of Cardiology and Research group for Cardiogenetics and Sudden Cardiac Death, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway (Ø.H.L., K.H.H.)
| | - Ardan M Saguner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland (A.M.S., F.D.)
| | - Anneli Svensson
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Medical & Health Sciences, Linköping University, Swede (A.S.)
| | - Antoine Andorin
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (J.C.-T., R.T., A.A., M.T., L.R., P.K.)
| | - Crystal Tichnell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brittney Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katja Zeppenfeld
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (K.Z.)
| | - Maarten P van den Berg
- Department of Cardiology (M.P.v.d.B.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Netherlands Heart Institute (L.P.B., F.W.A., J.P.v.T., R.N.W.H., A.S.J.M.t.R.).,Department of Cardiology (L.P.B., M.B., F.W.A., J.F.V.d.H., A.S.J.M.t.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science & Institute of Health Informatics, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.)
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center (A.A.M.W.).,Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (A.A.M.W.)
| | - Andrew D Krahn
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (A.D.K.)
| | - Mario Talajic
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (J.C.-T., R.T., A.A., M.T., L.R., P.K.)
| | - Lena Rivard
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Canada (J.C.-T., R.T., A.A., M.T., L.R., P.K.)
| | - Stephen Chelko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee (S.C.)
| | - Stefan L Zimmerman
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (S.L.Z., I.R.K.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ihab R Kamel
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (S.L.Z., I.R.K.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jane E Crosson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sing-Chien Yap
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam (S.-C.Y.)
| | - Jeroen F Van der Heijden
- Department of Cardiology (L.P.B., M.B., F.W.A., J.F.V.d.H., A.S.J.M.t.R.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jan D H Jongbloed
- Department of Genetics (J.D.H.J.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Netherlands Heart Institute (L.P.B., F.W.A., J.P.v.T., R.N.W.H., A.S.J.M.t.R.).,Department of Genetics (J.P.v.T.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.P.v.T.)
| | - Pyotr G Platonov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Firat Duru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kristina H Haugaa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paul Khairy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard N W Hauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anneline S J M Te Riele
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cynthia A James
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.C.-T., W.W., A.B., C.T., B.M., S.C., J.E.C., D.P.J., H.T., H.C., C.A.J.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
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Smith ED, Lakdawala NK, Papoutsidakis N, Aubert G, Mazzanti A, McCanta AC, Agarwal PP, Arscott P, Dellefave-Castillo LM, Vorovich EE, Nutakki K, Wilsbacher LD, Priori SG, Jacoby DL, McNally EM, Helms AS. Desmoplakin Cardiomyopathy, a Fibrotic and Inflammatory Form of Cardiomyopathy Distinct From Typical Dilated or Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2020; 141:1872-1884. [PMID: 32372669 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in desmoplakin (DSP), the primary force transducer between cardiac desmosomes and intermediate filaments, cause an arrhythmogenic form of cardiomyopathy that has been variably associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Clinical correlates of DSP cardiomyopathy have been limited to small case series. METHODS Clinical and genetic data were collected on 107 patients with pathogenic DSP mutations and 81 patients with pathogenic plakophilin 2 (PKP2) mutations as a comparison cohort. A composite outcome of severe ventricular arrhythmia was assessed. RESULTS DSP and PKP2 cohorts included similar proportions of probands (41% versus 42%) and patients with truncating mutations (98% versus 100%). Left ventricular (LV) predominant cardiomyopathy was exclusively present among patients with DSP (55% versus 0% for PKP2, P<0.001), whereas right ventricular cardiomyopathy was present in only 14% of patients with DSP versus 40% for PKP2 (P<0.001). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy diagnostic criteria had poor sensitivity for DSP cardiomyopathy. LV late gadolinium enhancement was present in a primarily subepicardial distribution in 40% of patients with DSP (23/57 with magnetic resonance images). LV late gadolinium enhancement occurred with normal LV systolic function in 35% (8/23) of patients with DSP. Episodes of acute myocardial injury (chest pain with troponin elevation and normal coronary angiography) occurred in 15% of patients with DSP and were strongly associated with LV late gadolinium enhancement (90%), even in cases of acute myocardial injury with normal ventricular function (4/5, 80% with late gadolinium enhancement). In 4 DSP cases with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans, acute LV myocardial injury was associated with myocardial inflammation misdiagnosed initially as cardiac sarcoidosis or myocarditis. Left ventricle ejection fraction <55% was strongly associated with severe ventricular arrhythmias for DSP cases (P<0.001, sensitivity 85%, specificity 53%). Right ventricular ejection fraction <45% was associated with severe arrhythmias for PKP2 cases (P<0.001) but was poorly associated for DSP cases (P=0.8). Frequent premature ventricular contractions were common among patients with severe arrhythmias for both DSP (80%) and PKP2 (91%) groups (P=non-significant). CONCLUSIONS DSP cardiomyopathy is a distinct form of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy characterized by episodic myocardial injury, left ventricular fibrosis that precedes systolic dysfunction, and a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. A genotype-specific approach for diagnosis and risk stratification should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.D.S., P.A., A.S.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Neal K Lakdawala
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.K.L., K.N.)
| | - Nikolaos Papoutsidakis
- Inherited Cardiomyopathy Program, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (N.P., D.L.J.)
| | - Gregory Aubert
- Center for Genetic Medicine (G.A.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Instituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (A.M., S.G.P.)
| | - Anthony C McCanta
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California-Irvine and Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange (A.C.M.)
| | - Prachi P Agarwal
- Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology, Department of Radiology (P.P.A.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Patricia Arscott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.D.S., P.A., A.S.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Lisa M Dellefave-Castillo
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (L.M.D.-C., L.D.W., E.M.M.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Esther E Vorovich
- Division of Cardiology (E.E.V.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kavitha Nutakki
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (N.K.L., K.N.)
| | - Lisa D Wilsbacher
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (L.M.D.-C., L.D.W., E.M.M.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Silvia G Priori
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Instituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy (A.M., S.G.P.)
| | - Daniel L Jacoby
- Inherited Cardiomyopathy Program, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (N.P., D.L.J.)
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (L.M.D.-C., L.D.W., E.M.M.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Adam S Helms
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.D.S., P.A., A.S.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Wang W, James CA, Calkins H. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy patient. Europace 2019; 21:9-21. [PMID: 29688316 PMCID: PMC6321962 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is a rare inherited heart muscle disease characterized by ventricular tachyarrhythmia, predominant right ventricular dysfunction, and sudden cardiac death. Its pathophysiology involves close interaction between genetic mutations and exposure to physical activity. Mutations in genes encoding desmosomal protein are the most common genetic basis. Genetic testing plays important roles in diagnosis and screening of family members. Syncope, palpitation, and lightheadedness are the most common symptoms. The 2010 Task Force Criteria is the standard for diagnosis today. Implantation of a defibrillator in high-risk patients is the only therapy that provides adequate protection against sudden death. Selection of patients who are best candidates for defibrillator implantation is challenging. Exercise restriction is critical in affected individuals and at-risk family members. Antiarrhythmic drugs and ventricular tachycardia ablation are valuable but palliative components of the management. This review focuses on the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in ARVD/C and outlines the future area of development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Sheikh Zayed Tower 7125R, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia A James
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Sheikh Zayed Tower 7125R, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Sheikh Zayed Tower 7125R, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Brosnan MJ, te Riele AS, Bosman LP, Hoorntje ET, van den Berg MP, Hauer RN, Flannery MD, Kalman JM, Prior DL, Tichnell C, Tandri H, Murray B, Calkins H, La Gerche A, James CA. Electrocardiographic Features Differentiating Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy From an Athlete’s Heart. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 4:1613-1625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm 2018; 15:e73-e189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, Bryant WJ, Callans DJ, Curtis AB, Deal BJ, Dickfeld T, Field ME, Fonarow GC, Gillis AM, Granger CB, Hammill SC, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Kay GN, Matlock DD, Myerburg RJ, Page RL. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2018; 138:e272-e391. [PMID: 29084731 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William G Stevenson
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - William J Bryant
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - David J Callans
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Anne B Curtis
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Barbara J Deal
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Timm Dickfeld
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Michael E Field
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Anne M Gillis
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Christopher B Granger
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Stephen C Hammill
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Mark A Hlatky
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - José A Joglar
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - G Neal Kay
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Daniel D Matlock
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Robert J Myerburg
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Richard L Page
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
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Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, Bryant WJ, Callans DJ, Curtis AB, Deal BJ, Dickfeld T, Field ME, Fonarow GC, Gillis AM, Granger CB, Hammill SC, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Kay GN, Matlock DD, Myerburg RJ, Page RL. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2018; 138:e210-e271. [PMID: 29084733 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William G Stevenson
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - William J Bryant
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - David J Callans
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Anne B Curtis
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Barbara J Deal
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Timm Dickfeld
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Michael E Field
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Anne M Gillis
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Christopher B Granger
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Stephen C Hammill
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Mark A Hlatky
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - José A Joglar
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - G Neal Kay
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Daniel D Matlock
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Robert J Myerburg
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
| | - Richard L Page
- Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry may apply; see Appendix 1 for detailed information. Section numbers pertain to those in the full-text guideline. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡HRS Representative. §ACC/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison/HFSA Representative. ‖ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Liaison
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Ruiz Salas A, Barrera Cordero A, Navarro‐Arce I, Jiménez Navarro M, García Pinilla JM, Cabrera Bueno F, Abdeselam‐Mohamed N, Morcillo‐Hidalgo L, Gómez Doblas JJ, Teresa E, Alzueta J. Impact of dynamic physical exercise on high‐risk definite arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018; 29:1523-1529. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amalio Ruiz Salas
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - Alberto Barrera Cordero
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - Isabel Navarro‐Arce
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - Manuel Jiménez Navarro
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - José Manuel García Pinilla
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - Fernando Cabrera Bueno
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - Nasiba Abdeselam‐Mohamed
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - Luis Morcillo‐Hidalgo
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - Juan José Gómez Doblas
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - Eduardo Teresa
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
| | - Javier Alzueta
- Arrhythmia Unit, UGC del Corazón, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Ciber CV, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálaga España
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Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, Bryant WJ, Callans DJ, Curtis AB, Deal BJ, Dickfeld T, Field ME, Fonarow GC, Gillis AM, Granger CB, Hammill SC, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Kay GN, Matlock DD, Myerburg RJ, Page RL. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:e91-e220. [PMID: 29097296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to present our current understanding of the genetic etiologies that may cause or predispose to heart failure. We highlight known phenotypes for which a genetic evaluation has clinical utility. RECENT FINDINGS The literature continues to demonstrate and confirm a genetic basis for conditions that cause heart failure. Evidence suggests a genetic model involving rare and common variants of strong or weak effect, in combination with environmental factors that may manifest as familial or simplex disease. Clinical genetic testing is available for several phenotypes, which can aid in the diagnosis and identification of at-risk family members. The evaluation of heart failure should include investigating etiologies with a genetic basis. Conducting a genetic evaluation in patients with heart failure requires the ability to identify possible genetic etiologies in an individual's phenotype, obtain relevant family history, and clinically interpret genetic testing results.
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Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Although structural abnormalities of the right ventricle predominate, it is well recognized that left ventricular involvement is common, particularly in advanced disease, and that left-dominant forms occur. The pathological characteristic of ARVC is myocyte loss with fibrofatty replacement. Since the first detailed clinical description of the disorder in 1982, significant advances have been made in understanding this disease. Once the diagnosis of ARVC is established, the single most important clinical decision is whether a particular patient's sudden cardiac death risk is sufficient to justify placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. The importance of this decision reflects the fact that ARVC is a common cause of sudden death in young people and that sudden death may be the first manifestation of the disease. This decision is particularly important because these are often young patients who are expected to live for many years. Although an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator can save lives in individuals with this disease, it is also well recognized that implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy is associated with both short- and long-term complications. Decisions about the placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator are based on an estimate of a patient's risk of sudden cardiac death, as well as their preferences and values. The primary purpose of this article is to provide a review of the literature that concerns risk stratification in patients with ARVC and to place this literature in the framework of the 3 authors' considerable lifetime experiences in caring for patients with ARVC. The most important parameters to consider when determining arrhythmic risk include electric instability, including the frequency of premature ventricular contractions and sustained ventricular arrhythmia; proband status; extent of structural disease; cardiac syncope; male sex; the presence of multiple mutations or a mutation in TMEM43; and the patient's willingness to restrict exercise and to eliminate participation in competitive or endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Calkins
- Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (H.C.)
| | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy (D.C.)
| | - Frank Marcus
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (F.M.)
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Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, Bryant WJ, Callans DJ, Curtis AB, Deal BJ, Dickfeld T, Field ME, Fonarow GC, Gillis AM, Granger CB, Hammill SC, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Kay GN, Matlock DD, Myerburg RJ, Page RL. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 72:1677-1749. [PMID: 29097294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, Bryant WJ, Callans DJ, Curtis AB, Deal BJ, Dickfeld T, Field ME, Fonarow GC, Gillis AM, Granger CB, Hammill SC, Hlatky MA, Joglar JA, Kay GN, Matlock DD, Myerburg RJ, Page RL. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: Executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm 2017; 15:e190-e252. [PMID: 29097320 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Corrado
- From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova Medical School, Italy (D.C., C.B.); and Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Center for Inherited Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.)
| | - Cristina Basso
- From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova Medical School, Italy (D.C., C.B.); and Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Center for Inherited Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.)
| | - Daniel P. Judge
- From the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova Medical School, Italy (D.C., C.B.); and Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Center for Inherited Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.)
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