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Watson BE, Miles JA, Moss MA. Human in vitro blood barrier models: architectures and applications. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2222628. [PMID: 37339009 PMCID: PMC11042067 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2222628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood barriers serve as key points of transport for essential molecules as well as lines of defense to protect against toxins. In vitro modeling of these barriers is common practice in the study of their physiology and related diseases. This review describes a common method of using an adaptable, low cost, semipermeable, suspended membrane to experimentally model three blood barriers in the human body: the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the gut-blood barrier (GBB), and the air-blood barrier (ABB). The GBB and ABB both protect from the outside environment, while the BBB protects the central nervous system from potential neurotoxic agents in the blood. These barriers share several commonalities, including the formation of tight junctions, polarized cellular monolayers, and circulatory system contact. Cell architectures used to mimic barrier anatomy as well as applications to study function, dysfunction, and response provide an overview of the versatility enabled by these cultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A. Miles
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
| | - Melissa A. Moss
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
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2
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Yang W, Wang Y, Liu L, Liu L, Li S, Li Y. Protective Effect of Vitamin K2 (MK-7) on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1700-1712. [PMID: 38534726 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K2 (MK-7) has been shown to cause significant changes in different physiological processes and diseases, but its role in acute lung injury (ALI) is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects of VK2 against LPS-induced ALI in mice. The male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 7): the control group, LPS group, negative control group (LPS + Oil), positive control group (LPS + DEX), LPS + VK2 (L) group (VK2, 1.5 mg/kg), and LPS + VK2 (H) group (VK2, 15 mg/kg). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of lung tissue was performed. Antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities, and the Ca2+ level in the lung tissue were measured. The effects of VK2 on inflammation, apoptosis, tight junction (TJ) injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy were quantitatively assessed using Western blot analysis. Compared with the LPS group, VK2 improved histopathological changes; alleviated inflammation, apoptosis, and TJ injury; increased antioxidant enzyme activity; reduced Ca2+ overload; regulated mitochondrial function; and inhibited lung autophagy. These results indicate that VK2 could improve tight junction protein loss, inflammation, and cell apoptosis in LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive autophagy, indicating that VK2 plays a beneficial role in ALI and might be a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Shuzhuang Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China
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Liu D, Langston JC, Prabhakarpandian B, Kiani MF, Kilpatrick LE. The critical role of neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions in sepsis: new synergistic approaches employing organ-on-chip, omics, immune cell phenotyping and in silico modeling to identify new therapeutics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1274842. [PMID: 38259971 PMCID: PMC10800980 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1274842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a global health concern accounting for more than 1 in 5 deaths worldwide. Sepsis is now defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can develop from bacterial (gram negative or gram positive), fungal or viral (such as COVID) infections. However, therapeutics developed in animal models and traditional in vitro sepsis models have had little success in clinical trials, as these models have failed to fully replicate the underlying pathophysiology and heterogeneity of the disease. The current understanding is that the host response to sepsis is highly diverse among patients, and this heterogeneity impacts immune function and response to infection. Phenotyping immune function and classifying sepsis patients into specific endotypes is needed to develop a personalized treatment approach. Neutrophil-endothelium interactions play a critical role in sepsis progression, and increased neutrophil influx and endothelial barrier disruption have important roles in the early course of organ damage. Understanding the mechanism of neutrophil-endothelium interactions and how immune function impacts this interaction can help us better manage the disease and lead to the discovery of new diagnostic and prognosis tools for effective treatments. In this review, we will discuss the latest research exploring how in silico modeling of a synergistic combination of new organ-on-chip models incorporating human cells/tissue, omics analysis and clinical data from sepsis patients will allow us to identify relevant signaling pathways and characterize specific immune phenotypes in patients. Emerging technologies such as machine learning can then be leveraged to identify druggable therapeutic targets and relate them to immune phenotypes and underlying infectious agents. This synergistic approach can lead to the development of new therapeutics and the identification of FDA approved drugs that can be repurposed for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jordan C. Langston
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Mohammad F. Kiani
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laurie E. Kilpatrick
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Fan H, Wang Y, Zhao K, Su L, Deng C, Huang J, Chen G. Incomplete Knockdown of MyD88 Inhibits LPS-Induced Lung Injury and Lung Fibrosis in a Mouse Model. Inflammation 2023; 46:2276-2288. [PMID: 37606850 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disorder stemmed mainly from an uncontrolled inflammatory response. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is commonly used to induce ALI animal models. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the main receptor for LPS, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is a key adaptor protein molecule in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. Thus, MyD88 knockdown heterozygous mice (MyD88+/-) were used to investigate the effect of incomplete knockout of the MyD88 gene on indirect LPS-induced ALI through intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The LPS-induced ALI significantly upregulated MyD88 expression, and heterozygous mice with incomplete knockout of the MyD88 gene (MyD88+/-) ameliorated LPS-induced histopathological injury and collagen fiber deposition. Heterozygous mice with incomplete knockout of the MyD88 gene (MyD88+/-) inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway activation, but TLR-4 expression tended to be upregulated. Incomplete knockdown of the MyD88 gene also downregulated LPS-induced expression of IL1-β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, SMAD2, and α-SMA. The transcriptome sequencing also revealed significant changes in LPS-regulated genes (such as IL-17 signaling pathway genes) after the incomplete knockdown of MyD88. In conclusion, this paper clarified that LPS activates the downstream NF-κB pathway depending on the MyD88 signaling pathway, which induces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α and ultimately triggers ALI. Incomplete knockdown of the MyD88 reverses LPS-induced lung fibrosis, which confirmed the vital role of MyD88 in LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kaochang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chong Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology, Institute of Industrial Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Better Biotechnology LLC, Chongqing, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Wang M, Feng J, Zhou D, Wang J. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial activation and dysfunction: a new predictive and therapeutic paradigm for sepsis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:339. [PMID: 37700349 PMCID: PMC10498524 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide, a highly potent endotoxin responsible for severe sepsis, is the major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Endothelial cells participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses as the first cell types to detect lipopolysaccharide or other foreign debris in the bloodstream. Endothelial cells are able to recognize the presence of LPS and recruit specific adaptor proteins to the membrane domains of TLR4, thereby initiating an intracellular signaling cascade. However, lipopolysaccharide binding to endothelial cells induces endothelial activation and even damage, manifested by the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules that lead to sepsis. MAIN FINDINGS LPS is involved in both local and systemic inflammation, activating both innate and adaptive immunity. Translocation of lipopolysaccharide into the circulation causes endotoxemia. Endothelial dysfunction, including exaggerated inflammation, coagulopathy and vascular leakage, may play a central role in the dysregulated host response and pathogenesis of sepsis. By discussing the many strategies used to treat sepsis, this review attempts to provide an overview of how lipopolysaccharide induces the ever more complex syndrome of sepsis and the potential for the development of novel sepsis therapeutics. CONCLUSIONS To reduce patient morbidity and mortality, preservation of endothelial function would be central to the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Daixing Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junshuai Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Roe MM, Do T, Turner S, Jevitt AM, Chlebicz M, White K, Oomens AGP, Rankin S, Kovats S, Gappa-Fahlenkamp H. Blood myeloid cells differentiate to lung resident cells and respond to pathogen stimuli in a 3D human tissue-engineered lung model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1212230. [PMID: 37485324 PMCID: PMC10361305 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1212230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory infections remain a leading global health concern. Models that recapitulate the cellular complexity of the lower airway of humans will provide important information about how the immune response reflects the interactions between diverse cell types during infection. We developed a 3D human tissue-engineered lung model (3D-HTLM) composed of primary human pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells with added blood myeloid cells that allows assessment of the innate immune response to respiratory infection. Methods: The 3D-HTLM consists of small airway epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface layered on fibroblasts within a collagen matrix atop a permeable membrane with pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells layered underneath. After the epithelial and endothelial layers had reached confluency, an enriched blood monocyte population, containing mostly CD14+ monocytes (Mo) with minor subsets of CD1c+ classical dendritic cells (cDC2s), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs), and CD16+ non-classical monocytes, was added to the endothelial side of the model. Results: Immunofluorescence imaging showed the myeloid cells migrate through and reside within each layer of the model. The myeloid cell subsets adapted to the lung environment in the 3D-HTLM, with increased proportions of the recovered cells expressing lung tissue resident markers CD206, CD169, and CD163 compared with blood myeloid cells, including a population with features of alveolar macrophages. Myeloid subsets recovered from the 3D-HTLM displayed increased expression of HLA-DR and the co-stimulatory markers CD86, CD40, and PDL1. Upon stimulation of the 3D-HTLM with the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the CD31+ endothelial cells increased expression of ICAM-1 and the production of IL-10 and TNFα was dependent on the presence of myeloid cells. Challenge with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) led to increased expression of macrophage activation and antiviral pathway genes by cells in the 3D-HTLM. Discussion: The 3D-HTLM provides a lower airway environment that promotes differentiation of blood myeloid cells into lung tissue resident cells and enables the study of respiratory infection in a physiological cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi M. Roe
- Kovats Lab, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Taylor Do
- Fahlenkamp Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Sean Turner
- Kovats Lab, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Allison M. Jevitt
- Rankin Lab, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Magdalena Chlebicz
- Kovats Lab, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Karley White
- Fahlenkamp Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Antonius G. P. Oomens
- Oomens Lab, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Susannah Rankin
- Rankin Lab, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Susan Kovats
- Kovats Lab, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Heather Gappa-Fahlenkamp
- Fahlenkamp Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Mansouri M, Ahmed A, Ahmad SD, McCloskey MC, Joshi IM, Gaborski TR, Waugh RE, McGrath JL, Day SW, Abhyankar VV. The Modular µSiM Reconfigured: Integration of Microfluidic Capabilities to Study In Vitro Barrier Tissue Models under Flow. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200802. [PMID: 35953453 PMCID: PMC9798530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic tissue barrier models have emerged to address the lack of physiological fluid flow in conventional "open-well" Transwell-like devices. However, microfluidic techniques have not achieved widespread usage in bioscience laboratories because they are not fully compatible with traditional experimental protocols. To advance barrier tissue research, there is a need for a platform that combines the key advantages of both conventional open-well and microfluidic systems. Here, a plug-and-play flow module is developed to introduce on-demand microfluidic flow capabilities to an open-well device that features a nanoporous membrane and live-cell imaging capabilities. The magnetic latching assembly of this design enables bi-directional reconfiguration and allows users to conduct an experiment in an open-well format with established protocols and then add or remove microfluidic capabilities as desired. This work also provides an experimentally-validated flow model to select flow conditions based on the experimental needs. As a proof-of-concept, flow-induced alignment of endothelial cells and the expression of shear-sensitive gene targets are demonstrated, and the different phases of neutrophil transmigration across a chemically stimulated endothelial monolayer under flow conditions are visualized. With these experimental capabilities, it is anticipated that both engineering and bioscience laboratories will adopt this reconfigurable design due to the compatibility with standard open-well protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Adeel Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - S. Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Molly C. McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Indranil M. Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Thomas R. Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Richard E. Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - James L. McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Steven W. Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Vinay V. Abhyankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
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Wen XP, Long G, Zhang YZ, Huang H, Liu TH, Wan QQ. Identification of different proteins binding to Na, K-ATPase α1 in LPS-induced ARDS cell model by proteomic analysis. Proteome Sci 2022; 20:10. [PMID: 35681168 PMCID: PMC9178877 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-022-00193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by refractory hypoxemia caused by accumulation of pulmonary fluid, which is related to inflammatory cell infiltration, impaired tight junction of pulmonary epithelium and impaired Na, K-ATPase function, especially Na, K-ATPase α1 subunit. Up until now, the pathogenic mechanism at the level of protein during lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ARDS remains unclear. Methods Using an unbiased, discovery and quantitative proteomic approach, we discovered the differentially expressed proteins binding to Na, K-ATPase α1 between LPS-A549 cells and Control-A549 cells. These Na, K-ATPase α1 interacting proteins were screened by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) technology. Among them, some of the differentially expressed proteins with significant performance were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032209. The protein interaction network was constructed by the related Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Several differentially expressed proteins were validated by Western blot. Results Of identified 1598 proteins, 89 were differentially expressed proteins between LPS-A549 cells and Control-A549 cells. Intriguingly, protein–protein interaction network showed that there were 244 significantly enriched co-expression among 60 proteins in the group control-A549. while the group LPS-A549 showed 43 significant enriched interactions among 29 proteins. The related GO and KEGG analysis found evident phenomena of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, as well as the pathways related to autophagy. Among proteins with rich abundance, there were several intriguing ones, including the deubiquitinase (OTUB1), the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), the scaffold protein in CUL4B-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4B) complexes (CUL4B) and the autophagy-related protein sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1). Conclusions In conclusion, our proteomic approach revealed targets related to the occurrence and development of ARDS, being the first study to investigate significant differences in Na, K-ATPase α1 interacting proteins between LPS-induced ARDS cell model and control-A549 cell. These proteins may help the clinical diagnosis and facilitate the personalized treatment of ARDS. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12953-022-00193-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Peng Wen
- Transplantation Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guo Long
- Respiratory ICU, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yue-Zhong Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - He Huang
- Hunan International Travel Health Care Center, Changsha, 410001, Hunan, China
| | - Tao-Hua Liu
- Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Qi-Quan Wan
- Transplantation Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Chen L, Hou Y, Du D, Cui Y, Nie H, Ding Y. MiR-199a-3p in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes increases epithelial sodium channel expression in lung injury. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:1011-1019. [PMID: 35667855 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) causes significant morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients, which often presents with extensive accumulation of activated inflammatory cells and diffused alveolar damage accompanied by oxidative stress. Exosomes are nanovesicles, which have notable anti-inflammatory and repair properties, thus alleviating the symptoms of ALI. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is essential for the transepithelial absorption of Na+ and fluid from alveolar spaces. We studied the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (BMSC-exo) on the apoptosis and protein expression of ENaC in primary mouse alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT 2 cells). Moreover, the change of miR-199a-3p in AT 2 cells was detected by qRT-PCR, and we studied the regulation of miR-199a-3p on ENaC protein expression. Our results demonstrated that BMSC-exo could not only improve viability and reduce apoptosis in AT 2 cells, but also enhance the expression of ENaC protein and miR-199a-3p. Meanwhile, the upregulation of miR-199a-3p resulted in increased expression of ENaC protein. In summary, the BMSC-exo could participate in the regulation of ENaC through miR-199a-3p originated from BMSC-exo, thereby providing a new pharmacological tool for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Mao GC, Gong CC, Wang Z, Sun MX, Pei ZP, Meng WQ, Cen JF, He XW, Lu Y, Xu QQ, Xiao K. BMSC-derived exosomes ameliorate sulfur mustard-induced acute lung injury by regulating the GPRC5A-YAP axis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:2082-2093. [PMID: 33654219 PMCID: PMC8633287 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly toxic chemical warfare agent that causes acute lung injury (ALI) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There are no effective therapeutic treatments or antidotes available currently to counteract its toxic effects. Our previous study shows that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) could exert therapeutic effects against SM-induced lung injury. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of BMSC-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exs) against ALI and the underlying mechanisms. ALI was induced in mice by injection of SM (30 mg/kg, sc) at their medial and dorsal surfaces. BMSC-Exs (20 μg/kg in 200 μL PBS, iv) were injected for a 5-day period after SM exposure. We showed that BMSC-Exs administration caused a protective effect against pulmonary edema. Using a lung epithelial cell barrier model, BMSC-Exs (10, 20, 40 μg) dose-dependently inhibited SM-induced cell apoptosis and promoted the recovery of epithelial barrier function by facilitating the expression and relocalization of junction proteins (E-cadherin, claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1). We further demonstrated that BMSC-Exs protected against apoptosis and promoted the restoration of barrier function against SM through upregulating G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 type A (GPRC5A), a retinoic acid target gene predominately expressed in the epithelial cells of the lung. Knockdown of GPRC5A reduced the antiapoptotic and barrier regeneration abilities of BMSC-Exs and diminished their therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo. BMSC-Exs-caused upregulation of GPRC5A promoted the expression of Bcl-2 and junction proteins via regulating the YAP pathway. In summary, BMSC-Exs treatment exerts protective effects against SM-induced ALI by promoting alveolar epithelial barrier repair and may be an alternative approach to stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Chao Mao
- Lab of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chu-Chu Gong
- Lab of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Lab of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Preventive Medicinne, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Xue Sun
- Lab of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Pei
- Lab of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wen-Qi Meng
- Lab of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin-Feng Cen
- Lab of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Wen He
- Origincell Technology Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qing-Qiang Xu
- Lab of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Kai Xiao
- Lab of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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11
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Viola H, Washington K, Selva C, Grunwell J, Tirouvanziam R, Takayama S. A High-Throughput Distal Lung Air-Blood Barrier Model Enabled By Density-Driven Underside Epithelium Seeding. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100879. [PMID: 34174173 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput tissue barrier models can yield critical insights on how barrier function responds to therapeutics, pathogens, and toxins. However, such models often emphasize multiplexing capability at the expense of physiologic relevance. Particularly, the distal lung's air-blood barrier is typically modeled with epithelial cell monoculture, neglecting the substantial contribution of endothelial cell feedback in the coordination of barrier function. An obstacle to establishing high-throughput coculture models relevant to the epithelium/endothelium interface is the requirement for underside cell seeding, which is difficult to miniaturize and automate. Therefore, this paper describes a scalable, low-cost seeding method that eliminates inversion by optimizing medium density to float cells so they attach under the membrane. This method generates a 96-well model of the distal lung epithelium-endothelium barrier with serum-free, glucocorticoid-free air-liquid differentiation. The polarized epithelial-endothelial coculture exhibits mature barrier function, appropriate intercellular junction staining, and epithelial-to-endothelial transmission of inflammatory stimuli such as polyinosine:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). Further, exposure to influenza A virus PR8 and human beta-coronavirus OC43 initiates a dose-dependent inflammatory response that propagates from the epithelium to endothelium. While this model focuses on the air-blood barrier, the underside seeding method is generalizable to various coculture tissue models for scalable, physiologic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Viola
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr. NW Atlanta GA 30308 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr. NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Kendra Washington
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr. NW Atlanta GA 30308 USA
| | - Cauviya Selva
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr. NW Atlanta GA 30308 USA
| | - Jocelyn Grunwell
- Division of Critical Care Medicine Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston 1405 Clifton Road NE Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine and Center for CF & Airways Disease Research 2015 Uppergate Dr NE, Rm 344 Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr. NW Atlanta GA 30308 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology 315 Ferst Dr. NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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12
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Ozsaygılı C, Bayram N, Ozdemir H. Cilioretinal artery occlusion with paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with COVID-19. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:1956-1959. [PMID: 34146068 PMCID: PMC8374807 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_563_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to describe cilioretinal artery (CILRA) occlusion that is presumed to be associated with COVID-19 without severe respiratory distress and inform ophthalmologists of unusual ocular presentations of COVID-19. Here, we present the first case of a patient with isolated CILRA occlusion and paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) after recently polymerase chain reaction-proven COVID-19. A 26-year-old female patient presented with a visual field defect in her left eye for 2 days and decreased vision compared to her right eye. It was learned that the patient had a laboratory-proven COVID-19 infection with mild respiratory symptoms that did not require hospitalization 2 weeks ago. Fundus examination revealed retinal edema in the left eye area supplied by the CILRA. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed a prominent hyperreflective band at the inner nuclear layer level. These findings led us to the diagnosis of isolated CILRA occlusion and PAMM associated with recent COVID-19. CILRA occlusion and PAMM could be associated with the inflammatory and procoagulant condition caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Ozsaygılı
- Kayserı City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kocasinan, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Bayram
- Kayserı City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kocasinan, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ozdemir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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13
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Wang F, Xiao Y, Neupane S, Ptak SH, Römer R, Xiong J, Ohmes J, Seekamp A, Fretté X, Alban S, Fuchs S. Influence of Fucoidan Extracts from Different Fucus Species on Adult Stem Cells and Molecular Mediators in In Vitro Models for Bone Formation and Vascularization. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:194. [PMID: 33805470 PMCID: PMC8066524 DOI: 10.3390/md19040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown algae, are marine products with the potential to modulate bone formation and vascularization processes. The bioactivity and safety of fucoidans are highly associated with their chemical structure, which may vary with algae species and extraction method. Thus, in depth evaluation of fucoidan extracts in terms of endotoxin content, cytotoxicity, and their detailed molecular biological impact on the individual cell types in bone is needed. In this study, we characterized fucoidan extracts from three different Fucus species including Fucus vesiculosus (Fv), Fucus serratus (Fs), and Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens (Fe) for their chemical features, endotoxin content, cytotoxicity, and bioactive effects on human outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC) and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as in vitro models for bone function and vascularization. Extracts contained mainly high molecular weight (HMW) fucoidans and were free of endotoxins that may cause inflammation or influence vascularization. OEC tolerated fucoidan concentrations up to 200 µg/mL, and no indication of cytotoxicity was observed. The inflammatory response, however, investigated by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and endothelial barrier assessed by impedance measurement differed for the individual extracts. MSC in comparison with endothelial cells were more sensitive to fucoidans and showed partly reduced metabolic activity and proliferation at higher doses of fucoidans. Further results for MSC indicated impaired osteogenic functions in alkaline phosphatase and calcification assays. All tested extracts consistently lowered important molecular mediators involved in angiogenesis, such a VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), ANG-1 (angiopoietin 1), and ANG-2 (angiopoietin 2), as indicated by RT-PCR and ELISA. This was associated with antiangiogenic effects at the functional level using selected extracts in co-culture models to mimic bone vascularization processes during bone regeneration or osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlu Wang
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.W.); (Y.X.); (R.R.); (J.X.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Yuejun Xiao
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.W.); (Y.X.); (R.R.); (J.X.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Sandesh Neupane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, 24148 Kiel, Germany; (S.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Signe Helle Ptak
- SDU Chemical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.H.P.); (X.F.)
| | - Ramona Römer
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.W.); (Y.X.); (R.R.); (J.X.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Junyu Xiong
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.W.); (Y.X.); (R.R.); (J.X.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Julia Ohmes
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.W.); (Y.X.); (R.R.); (J.X.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Seekamp
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.W.); (Y.X.); (R.R.); (J.X.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Xavier Fretté
- SDU Chemical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.H.P.); (X.F.)
| | - Susanne Alban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, 24148 Kiel, Germany; (S.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (F.W.); (Y.X.); (R.R.); (J.X.); (J.O.); (A.S.)
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14
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Wen XP, Zhang YZ, Wan QQ. Non-targeted proteomics of acute respiratory distress syndrome: clinical and research applications. Proteome Sci 2021; 19:5. [PMID: 33743690 PMCID: PMC7980750 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-021-00174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by refractory hypoxemia caused by accumulation of pulmonary fluid with a high mortality rate, but the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood, causing absent specific therapeutic drugs to treat with ARDS. In recent years, more and more studies have applied proteomics to ARDS. Non-targeted studies of proteomics in ARDS are just beginning and have the potential to identify novel drug targets and key pathways in this disease. This paper will provide a brief review of the recent advances in the application of non-targeted proteomics to ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Peng Wen
- Transplantation Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yue-Zhong Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Qi-Quan Wan
- Transplantation Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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15
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A cross-talk between epithelium and endothelium mediates human alveolar-capillary injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1042. [PMID: 33293527 PMCID: PMC7721862 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an acute and rapidly developing pandemic, which leads to a global health crisis. SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks human alveoli and causes severe lung infection and damage. To better understand the molecular basis of this disease, we sought to characterize the responses of alveolar epithelium and its adjacent microvascular endothelium to viral infection under a co-culture system. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused massive virus replication and dramatic organelles remodeling in alveolar epithelial cells, alone. While, viral infection affected endothelial cells in an indirect manner, which was mediated by infected alveolar epithelium. Proteomics analysis and TEM examinations showed viral infection caused global proteomic modulations and marked ultrastructural changes in both epithelial cells and endothelial cells under the co-culture system. In particular, viral infection elicited global protein changes and structural reorganizations across many sub-cellular compartments in epithelial cells. Among the affected organelles, mitochondrion seems to be a primary target organelle. Besides, according to EM and proteomic results, we identified Daurisoline, a potent autophagy inhibitor, could inhibit virus replication effectively in host cells. Collectively, our study revealed an unrecognized cross-talk between epithelium and endothelium, which contributed to alveolar–capillary injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection. These new findings will expand our understanding of COVID-19 and may also be helpful for targeted drug development.
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16
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Maiuolo J, Mollace R, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Paone S, Scicchitano M, Macrì R, Nucera S, Bosco F, Scarano F, Zito MC, Ruga S, Tavernese A, Mollace V. The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9309. [PMID: 33291346 PMCID: PMC7730352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection is associated, alongside with lung infection and respiratory disease, to cardiovascular dysfunction that occurs at any stage of the disease. This includes ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies. The common pathophysiological link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cardiovascular events is represented by coagulation abnormalities and disruption of factors released by endothelial cells, which contribute in maintaining the blood vessels into an anti-thrombotic state. Thus, early alteration of the functionality of endothelial cells, which may be found soon after SARS-CoV-2 infection, seems to represent the major target of a SARS CoV-2 disease state and accounts for the systemic vascular dysfunction that leads to a detrimental effect in terms of hospitalization and death accompanying the disease. In particular, the molecular interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor located in the endothelial cell surface, either at the pulmonary and systemic level, leads to early impairment of endothelial function, which, in turn, is followed by vascular inflammation and thrombosis of peripheral blood vessels. This highlights systemic hypoxia and further aggravates the vicious circle that compromises the development of the disease, leading to irreversible tissue damage and death of people with SARS CoV-2 infection. The review aims to assess some recent advances to define the crucial role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular complications accompanying SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, the molecular mechanisms associated with the interaction of SARS CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor located on the endothelial cells are highlighted to support its role in compromising endothelial cell functionality. Finally, the consequences of endothelial dysfunction in enhancing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are assessed in order to identify early therapeutic interventions able to reduce the impact of the disease in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Roma, Italy
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17
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Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2 Reduces Inflammatory Response to Acute Lung Injury Induced by Oleic Acid in Rats by Regulating Key Proteins of the Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8350579. [PMID: 32655669 PMCID: PMC7322598 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8350579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reducing inflammation can effectively relieve acute lung injury (ALI). Objective. To test whether keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) can reduce oleic acid-induced inflammation in ALI of rats and explore its possible mechanism. Methods. 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, ALI group, and ALI + KGF-2 group. The animal model of acute lung injury was established by injecting 0.1 mL/kg oleic acid into the tail vein of rats. Rats in the control group were injected with equal volume of normal saline (NS). Each group needs pretreatment 72 hours before the preparation of the acute lung injury model. The control group and ALI group were instilled with 5 ml/kg NS through the airway, and the same amount of KGF-2 was instilled in the ALI + KGF-2 group. It takes 8 hours to successfully prepare the ALI model. Observe the pathological changes of lung tissue through light microscopy, ultrastructural changes through electron microscopy, and the lung wettability/dry weight (w/d) ratio and lung permeability index (LPI). By detecting changes in inflammatory factors in lung tissue and changes in the number of BALF cells, the changes in inflammation in each group were observed. The expressions of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The changes of key proteins in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the lung tissue of each group were observed. Result. Compared with the ALI group, after KGF-2 pretreatment, the degree of lung injury was reduced, the expression of inflammatory factors was reduced, and the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in BALF was reduced. It can also be observed that the expression of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC, a key protein in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is reduced. The analysis showed that the number of inflammatory factors, red blood cells, and white blood cells in BALF was positively correlated with the expression of Wnt5a, β-catenin, and APC. Conclusion. KGF-2 may reduce the inflammatory response in ALI induced by oleic acid by regulating key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Lucas R, Hadizamani Y, Gonzales J, Gorshkov B, Bodmer T, Berthiaume Y, Moehrlen U, Lode H, Huwer H, Hudel M, Mraheil MA, Toque HAF, Chakraborty T, Hamacher J. Impact of Bacterial Toxins in the Lungs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040223. [PMID: 32252376 PMCID: PMC7232160 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial toxins play a key role in the pathogenesis of lung disease. Based on their structural and functional properties, they employ various strategies to modulate lung barrier function and to impair host defense in order to promote infection. Although in general, these toxins target common cellular signaling pathways and host compartments, toxin- and cell-specific effects have also been reported. Toxins can affect resident pulmonary cells involved in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and barrier function through impairing vectorial Na+ transport and through cytoskeletal collapse, as such, destroying cell-cell adhesions. The resulting loss of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity and fluid clearance capacity will induce capillary leak and foster edema formation, which will in turn impair gas exchange and endanger the survival of the host. Toxins modulate or neutralize protective host cell mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immunity response during chronic infection. In particular, toxins can either recruit or kill central players of the lung's innate immune responses to pathogenic attacks, i.e., alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils. Pulmonary disorders resulting from these toxin actions include, e.g., acute lung injury (ALI), the acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and severe pneumonia. When acute infection converts to persistence, i.e., colonization and chronic infection, lung diseases, such as bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) can arise. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of bacterial toxins in the lungs and the resulting outcomes for pathogenesis, their roles in promoting bacterial dissemination, and bacterial survival in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joyce Gonzales
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Boris Gorshkov
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Thomas Bodmer
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Waldeggstr. 37 CH-3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland;
| | - Yves Berthiaume
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital, Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zürch, Switzerland;
| | - Hartmut Lode
- Insitut für klinische Pharmakologie, Charité, Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Reichsstrasse 2, D-14052 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Hanno Huwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Voelklingen Heart Center, 66333 Voelklingen/Saar, Germany;
| | - Martina Hudel
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Haroldo Alfredo Flores Toque
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Medical Clinic V-Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
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Short-Term versus Long-Term Culture of A549 Cells for Evaluating the Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Oxidative Stress, Surfactant Proteins and Cathelicidin LL-37. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031148. [PMID: 32050475 PMCID: PMC7036965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells and their proper function are essential for maintaining lung integrity and homeostasis. However, they can be damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during Gram-negative bacterial infection. Thus, this study evaluated and compared the effects of LPS on short and long-term cultures of A549 cells by determining the cell viability, levels of oxidative stress and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37 and changes in the expression of surfactant proteins (SPs). Moreover, we compared A549 cell response to LPS in the presence of different serum concentrations. Additionally, the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on LPS-induced oxidative stress as a possible treatment was determined. Our results indicate that A549 cells are relatively resistant to LPS and able to maintain integrity even at high LPS concentrations. Their response to endotoxin is partially dependent on serum concentration. NAC failed to lower LPS-induced oxidative stress in A549 cells. Finally, LPS modulates SP gene expression in A549 cells in a time dependent manner and differences between short and long-term cultures were present. Our results support the idea that long-term cultivation of A549 cells could promote a more ATII-like phenotype and thus could be a more suitable model for ATII cells, especially for in vitro studies dealing with surfactant production.
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Nova Z, Skovierova H, Calkovska A. Alveolar-Capillary Membrane-Related Pulmonary Cells as a Target in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040831. [PMID: 30769918 PMCID: PMC6412348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lungs is oxygen transport from the atmosphere into the blood circulation, while it is necessary to keep the pulmonary tissue relatively free of pathogens. This is a difficult task because the respiratory system is constantly exposed to harmful substances entering the lungs by inhalation or via the blood stream. Individual types of lung cells are equipped with the mechanisms that maintain pulmonary homeostasis. Because of the clinical significance of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) the article refers to the physiological role of alveolar epithelial cells type I and II, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and fibroblasts. However, all these cells can be damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which can reach the airspaces as the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and lead to local and systemic inflammation and toxicity. We also highlight a negative effect of LPS on lung cells related to alveolar-capillary barrier and their response to LPS exposure. Additionally, we describe the molecular mechanism of LPS signal transduction pathway in lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nova
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Henrieta Skovierova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Molecular Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
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21
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Simmons S, Erfinanda L, Bartz C, Kuebler WM. Novel mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier function in the pulmonary microcirculation. J Physiol 2018; 597:997-1021. [PMID: 30015354 DOI: 10.1113/jp276245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary epithelial and vascular endothelial cell layers provide two sequential physical and immunological barriers that together form a semi-permeable interface and prevent alveolar and interstitial oedema formation. In this review, we focus specifically on the continuous endothelium of the pulmonary microvascular bed that warrants strict control of the exchange of gases, fluid, solutes and circulating cells between the plasma and the interstitial space. The present review provides an overview of emerging molecular mechanisms that permit constant transcellular exchange between the vascular and interstitial compartment, and cause, prevent or reverse lung endothelial barrier failure under experimental conditions, yet with a clinical perspective. Based on recent findings and at times seemingly conflicting results we discuss emerging paradigms of permeability regulation by altered ion transport as well as shifts in the homeostasis of sphingolipids, angiopoietins and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szandor Simmons
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lasti Erfinanda
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bartz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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