Long noncoding RNA LINC00511 induced by SP1 accelerates the glioma progression through targeting miR-124-3p/CCND2 axis

YY1-induced lncRNA00511 promotes melanoma progression via the miR-150-5p/ADAM19 axis

Increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are therapeutic targets and key regulators of tumors development and progression, including melanoma. Long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 511 (LINC00511) has been demonstrated as an oncogenic molecule in breast, stomach, colorectal, and lung cancers. However, the precise role and functional mechanisms of LINC00511 in melanoma remain unknown. This study confirmed that LINC00511 was highly expressed in melanoma cells (A375 and SK-Mel-28 cells) and tissues, knockdown of LINC00511 could inhibit melanoma cell migration and invasion, as well as the growth of subcutaneous tumor xenografts in vivo. By using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, it was demonstrated that the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is capable of binding to the LINC00511 promoter and enhancing its expression in cis. Further mechanistic investigation showed that LINC00511 was mainly enriched in the cytoplasm of melanoma cells and interacted directly with microRNA-150-5p (miR-150-5p). Consistently, the knockdown of miR-150-5p could recover the effects of LINC00511 knockdown on melanoma cells. Furthermore, ADAM metallopeptidase domain expression 19 (ADAM19) was identified as a downstream target of miR-150-5p, and overexpression of ADAM19 could promote melanoma cell proliferation. Rescue assays indicated that LINC00511 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-150-5p and increase the expression of ADAM19, thereby activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. In summary, we identified LINC00511 as an oncogenic lncRNA in melanoma and defined the LINC00511/miR-150-5p/ADAM19 axis, which might be considered a potential therapeutic target and novel molecular mechanism the treatment of patients with melanoma.

Specificity Proteins (Sp) and Cancer

The specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) Sp1, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 exhibit structural and functional similarities in cancer cells and extensive studies of Sp1 show that it is a negative prognostic factor for patients with multiple tumor types. In this review, the role of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in the development of cancer and their regulation of pro-oncogenic factors and pathways is reviewed. In addition, interactions with non-coding RNAs and the development of agents that target Sp transcription factors are also discussed. Studies on normal cell transformation into cancer cell lines show that this transformation process is accompanied by increased levels of Sp1 in most cell models, and in the transformation of muscle cells into rhabdomyosarcoma, both Sp1 and Sp3, but not Sp4, are increased. The pro-oncogenic functions of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in cancer cell lines were studied in knockdown studies where silencing of each individual Sp TF decreased cancer growth, invasion and induced apoptosis. Silencing of an individual Sp TF was not compensated for by the other two and it was concluded that Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are examples of non-oncogene addicted genes. This conclusion was strengthened by the results of Sp TF interactions with non-coding microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs where Sp1 contributed to pro-oncogenic functions of Sp/non-coding RNAs. There are now many examples of anticancer agents and pharmaceuticals that induce downregulation/degradation of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4, yet clinical applications of drugs specifically targeting Sp TFs are not being used. The application of agents targeting Sp TFs in combination therapies should be considered for their potential to enhance treatment efficacy and decrease toxic side effects.

A review on the role of LINC00511 in cancer

Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 511 (LINC00511) is an RNA gene being mostly associated with lung cancer. Further assessments have shown dysregulation of this lncRNA in a variety of cancers. LINC00511 has interactions with hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-765, hsa-mir-150, miR-1231, TFAP2A-AS2, hsa-miR-185-3p, hsa-miR-29b-1-5p, hsa-miR-29c-3p, RAD51-AS1 and EZH2. A number of transcription factors have been identified that regulate expression of LINC00511. The current narrative review summarizes the role of LINC00511 in different cancers with an especial focus on its prognostic impact in human cancers.

LINC00511 promotes melanoma progression by targeting miR-610/NUCB2

Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00511 (LINC00511) predicts poor prognosis in various malignancies and functions as an oncogene in distinct malignant tumors. The role of LINC00511 in melanoma progression was assessed. In our research, expression of LINC00511 in melanoma cells was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Colony formation and CCK8 assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Cell metastasis was evaluated by transwell and wound healing assays. Downstream target of LINC00511 was investigated by luciferase activity assay. As a results, LINC00511 was elevated in melanoma cells and tissues. Loss of LINC00511 decreased cell viability, reduced proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma. miR-610 was target of LINC00511, and miR-610 binds to 3'UTR of nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2). Inhibition of miR-610 attenuated LINC00511 deficiency-induced decrease of NUCB2 in melanoma cells. Loss of miR-610 weakened LINC00511 deficiency-induced decrease of cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma. In conclusion, silence of LINC00511 reduced cell proliferation and metastasis of melanoma through down-regulation of miR-610-mediated NUCB2.

miR-124: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Central Nervous System Injuries and Diseases

Central nervous system injuries and diseases, such as ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, glioblastoma, multiple sclerosis, and the resulting neuroinflammation often lead to death or long-term disability. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression in both physiological and pathological cellular processes, including central nervous system injuries and disorders. Studies on miR-124, one of the most abundant microRNAs in the central nervous system, have shown that its dysregulation is related to the occurrence and development of pathology within the central nervous system. Herein, we review the molecular regulatory functions, underlying mechanisms, and effective delivery methods of miR-124 in the central nervous system, where it is involved in pathological conditions. The review also provides novel insights into the therapeutic target potential of miR-124 in the treatment of human central nervous system injuries or diseases.

LncRNA CBR3-AS1 promotes osteosarcoma progression through the network of miR-140-5p/DDX54-NUCKS1-mTOR signaling pathway

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CBR3-AS1 (termed as CBR3-AS1) has been reported to be upregulated in several cancers including osteosarcoma. Its positive impact on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells has been unveiled; nevertheless, whether it also affects the stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells is unclear. The purpose for this study was to explore the effects of CBR3-AS1 on the stemness and EMT of osteosarcoma cells as well as its underlying mechanism. qRT-PCR and western blot were applied to detect target gene expression. Function assays were conducted to evaluate the effect of genes on the stemness and EMT of osteosarcoma cells. Mechanism assays were done to verify the association among different genes. In vivo assays were also performed. The obtained data showed that CBR3-AS1 demonstrated a high expression in osteosarcoma cells. CBR3-AS1 could promote stemness and EMT of osteosarcoma cells as well as osteosarcoma tumor growth. Mechanically, CBR3-AS1 sponged miR-140-5p and recruited DDX54 to upregulate NUCKS1, thus activating the mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, NUCKS1 could facilitate stemness and EMT of osteosarcoma cells. In summary, this study reveals that CBR3-AS1 exerts an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma through modulating the network of the miR-140-5p/DDX54-NUCKS1-mTOR signaling pathway.

LINC00511 facilitates Temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma cells via sponging miR-126-5p and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for glioblastoma (GBM) but acquired TMZ resistance is frequently observed. Thus, a TMZ resistant GBM cell line U87-R was established to search for potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) used in TMZ resistance. In our study, LINC00511 was identified as a TMZ resistance-associated lncRNA in U87-R cells by transcriptome RNA sequencing. The potential functions of LINC00511 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, cell viability assay, colony formation assay, western blot, soft agar assay, flow cytometry, tumor xenograft model, immunofluorescence, sphere formation assay, fluorescent in situ hybridization, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA pull-down assay. We found that LINC00511 was upregulated in U87-R cells and GBM samples, and correlated with poor prognosis of GBM patients. Silencing LINC00511 impaired TMZ tolerance of U87-R cells, while LINC00511 overexpression increased TMZ resistance of sensitive GBM cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated in U87-R cells, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhanced TMZ sensitivity. Furthermore, LINC00511 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of GBM cells and regulated Wnt/β-catenin activation by acting as a molecular sponge for miR-126-5p. Multiple genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling such as DVL3, WISP1, and WISP2 were targeted by miR-126-5p. MiR-126-5p restoration impaired TMZ resistance of GBM cells. In conclusion, our results provided a novel insight into acquired TMZ resistance of GBM cells and suggested LINC00511 as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for GBM patients.

The role of long intergenic noncoding RNA 00511 in malignant tumors: a meta-analysis, database validation and review

Increasing studies suggested that long intergenic noncoding RNA 00511 (LINC00511) could facilitate the progression of various malignancies and correlates with prognosis of patients with malignant tumors. However, its clinical significance is still not completely clarified. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis to further evaluate the correlation of LINC00511 expression level with prognosis and metastasis in patients with tumors. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the prognostic significance of LINC00511 expression level. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was applied to assess the association between LINC00511 expression level and tumor metastasis. A total of 12 studies involving 1040 tumor patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analyses suggested that higher LINC00511 expression level correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.49–2.49, P < 0.001) and higher incidence of lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.07, 95% CI 2.23–4.23, P < 0.001). Additionally, bioinformatics analysis based on TCGA datasets also showed that increased LINC00511 expression level may predict poor OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with malignant tumors. Taken together, our finding suggested that high LINC00511 expression level may be correlated with poor prognosis and high incidence of metastasis. Nevertheless, further large-scale and high-quality studies are needed to validate our findings.

LINC00511 knockdown suppresses glioma cell malignant progression through miR-15a-5p/AEBP1 axis

BACKGROUND

A strong relationship between long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 511 (LINC00511) and glioma has been previously reported but the mechanism of LINC00511 in glioma is yet to be determined. This study examined the mechanism of LINC00511 in glioma.

METHODS

The expression of LINC00511 in glioma was determined by bioinformatics analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. The target relationship between genes was predicted by starBase, TargetScan, and was verified by dual-luciferase. Subsequently, siRNA targeting LINC00511 (siLINC00511) and miR-15a-5p mimic were transfected into glioma cells to examine the effect on biological characteristics using cell counting kit-8, clone formation, flow cytometry, wound-healing, and transwell. MiR-15a-5p inhibitor and AEBP1 were used for in vitro rescue experiments, and tumorigenesis assay and immunohistochemical assays were performed for in vivo experiments. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and p65 phosphorylation were examined by Western blot.

RESULTS

LINC00511 was predicted and verified to be up-regulated in glioma. SiLINC00511 suppressed cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, accelerated apoptosis of glioma cells. Mechanically, siLINC00511 promoted E-cadherin expression but suppressed N-cadherin and Snail expressions. MiR-15a-5p bound to LINC00511, and miR-15a-5p inhibitor partially reversed the effect and regulation of siLINC00511 on glioma cells. AEBP1, a target gene of miR-15a-5p, could activate p65 phosphorylation to promote EMT protein expression and partially reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-15a-5p mimic on the malignant phenotype of glioma cells. SiLINC00511 inhibited tumor growth, down-regulated miR-15a-5p expression and up-regulated AEBP1 and Ki67 expressions in vivo.

CONCLUSION

LINC00511 knockdown inhibits glioma cell progression via miR-15a-5p/AEBP1 axis.

LINC00511 exacerbated T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via miR-195-5p/LRRK1 axis

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a malignant disease arising from the abnormal proliferation of T lymphocyte in marrow. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one kind of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which were reported to modulate the initiation or progression of diverse cancers. However, the role of LINC00511 in T-ALL was unknown. To figure out the function and mechanism of LINC00511 in T-ALL, a series of experiments were carried out. Based on the experimental results, we discovered that LINC00511 boosted cell proliferation and invasion, but hindered cell apoptosis in T-ALL cells. Besides, based on bio-informatics tool, miR-195-5p was selected for further exploration. Then, miR-195-5p was validated to bind with LINC00511. Hereafter, LRRK1 was testified to serve as a target gene of miR-195-5p. At last, rescue assays suggested that LRRK1 overexpression restored sh-LINC00511#1-mediated effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. All in all, LINC00511 exacerbated T-ALL progression via miR-195-5p/LRRK1 axis, implying a potential therapeutic clue for the patients with T-ALL.

MicroRNA-4429 restrains colorectal cancer cell invasion and migration via regulating SMAD3-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest human cancers and the fourth primary cause of cancer-related death. Previous studies have reported that miR-4429 develops anticancer function in follicular thyroid carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. However, whether miR-4429 is implicated in the CRC progression remains to be clarified. The aim of our current study was to explore the potential role of miR-4429 in CRC. According to the result of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, miR-4429 was expressed at a low level in CRC cells. Gain-of-function assays showed that the upregulation of miR-4429 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in CRC, whereas miR-4429 inhibition led to the opposite results. It was uncovered from mechanism experiments that miR-4429 targeted forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and therefore regulating SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) expression. Rescue experiments elucidated that miR-4429 influenced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process in CRC by targeting FOXM1 to inactivate SMAD3. In conclusion, our study revealed that miR-4429 targeted FOXM1 to decrease SMAD3 expression and thus impeding cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process of CRC cells.

ELK1 activated-long noncoding RNA LBX2-AS1 aggravates the progression of ovarian cancer through targeting miR-4784/KDM5C axis

As one of the most common cancers in female, ovarian cancer (OC) has become a serious public burden now. Mounting researches have indicated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can affect many biological processes including cancer development. LncRNA LBX2-AS1 was identified to be an oncogene in some cancers, but the role of LBX2-AS1 in OC remains to be elucidated. Bioinformatics analysis and experiments including ChIP, RT-qPCR, RIP, luciferase reporter, western blot and CCK-8 were performed to explore the role of LBX2-AS1 in OC. LBX2-AS1 expression was markedly increased in OC tissues and cell lines. Functionally, LBX2-AS1 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, migration and stemness but facilitated cell apoptosis in OC. Moreover, depletion of LBX2-AS1 suppressed tumor growth of OC in vivo. Mechanically, LBX2-AS1 was activated by transcriptional factor ELK1. ELK1 enhanced the expression of LBX2-AS1 in OC cells. In addition, miR-4784 was confirmed to be sponged by LBX2-AS1. There was a negative expression correlation between LBX2-AS1 and miR-4784 in OC tissues. Subsequently, KDM5C was identified to be a direct target of miR-4784 in OC cells. KDM5C was negatively regulated by miR-4784 and positively regulated by LBX2-AS1 in terms of expression level. Upregulation of KDM5C reversed the inhibitory effect of LBX2-AS1 depletion on the progression of OC. This study proved that ELK1 activated-LBX2-AS1 aggravated the progression of OC by targeting the miR-4784/KDM5C axis, suggesting that LBX2-AS2 may be a promising diagnostic biomarker of OC.

Construction and Analysis of a ceRNA Network in Cardiac Fibroblast During Fibrosis Based on in vivo and in vitro Data

Aims

Activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CF) is crucial to cardiac fibrosis. We constructed a cardiac fibroblast-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Potential functions related to fibrosis of “hub genes” in this ceRNA network were explored.

Materials and Methods

The Gene Expression Omnibus database was searched for eligible datasets. Differentially expressed messenger (m)RNA (DE-mRNA) and long non-coding (lnc)RNA (DE-lncRNA) were identified. microRNA was predicted and validated. A predicted ceRNA network was constructed and visualized by Cytoscape, and ceRNA crosstalk was validated. A Single Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (SGSEA) was done, and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was employed to analyze the most closely associated pathways and diseases of DE-mRNA in the ceRNA network. The functions of DE-mRNA and DE-lncRNA in the ceRNA network were validated by small interfering (si)RNA depletion.

Results

The GSE97358 and GSE116250 datasets (which described differentially expressed genes in human cardiac fibroblasts and failing ventricles, respectively) were used for analyses. Four-hundred-and-twenty DE-mRNA and 39 DE-lncRNA, and 369 DE-mRNA and 93 DE-lncRNA were identified, respectively, in the GSE97358 and GSE116250 datasets. Most of the genes were related to signal transduction, cytokine activity, and cell proliferation. Thirteen DE-mRNA with the same expression tendency were overlapped in the two datasets. Twenty-three candidate microRNAs were predicted and the expression of 11 were different. Only two DE-lncRNA were paired to any one of 11 microRNA. Finally, two mRNA [ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19, (ADAM19) and transforming growth factor beta induced, (TGFBI)], three microRNA (miR-9-5p, miR-124-3p, and miR-153-3p) and two lncRNA (LINC00511 and SNHG15) constituted our ceRNA network. siRNA against LINC00511 increased miR-124-3p and miR-9-5p expression, and decreased ADAM19 and TGFBI expression, whereas siRNA against SNHG15 increased miR-153-3p and decreased ADAM19 expression. ADAM19 and TGFBI were closely related to the TGF-β1 pathway and cardiac fibrosis, as shown by SGSEA and CTD, respectively. Depletion of two mRNA or two lncRNA could alleviate CF activation.

Conclusions

The CF-specific ceRNA network, including two lncRNA, three miRNA, and two mRNA, played a crucial role during cardiac fibrosis, which provided potential target genes in this field.

An update on the role of miR-124 in the pathogenesis of human disorders

MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is a copious miRNA in the brain, but it is expressed in a wide range of human/animal tissues participating in the pathogenesis of several disorders. Based on its important function in the development of the nervous system, abnormal expression of miR-124 has been detected in nervous system diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, Huntington's disease, and ischemic stroke. In addition to these conditions, miR-124 contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Besides, it has been shown to be down-regulated in a wide range of human cancers such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, glioma, pancreatic cancer, and other types of cancer. Yet, few studies have reported upregulation of miR-124 in some cancer types. In the current study, we describe the role of miR-124 in these malignant and non-malignant conditions.

MiR-4310 induced by SP1 targets PTEN to promote glioma progression

Background

miRNAs have been reported to be involved in multiple biological processes of gliomas. Here, we aimed to analyze miR-4310 and its correlation genes involved in the progression of human glioma.

Methods

miR-4310 expression levels were examined in glioma and non-tumor brain (NB) tissues. The molecular mechanisms of miR-4310 expression and its effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were explored using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, Transwell chamber, Boyden chamber, and western blot analyses, as well as its effect on tumorigenesis was explored in vivo in nude mice. The relationships between miR-4310, SP1, phosphatase, and tensin homolog (PTEN) were explored using chromatin immunoprecipitation, agarose gel electrophoresis, electrophoresis mobility shift, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays.

Results

miR-4310 expression was upregulated in glioma tissues compared to that in NB tissues. Overexpressed miR-4310 promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis in vivo. The inhibition of miR-4310 expression was sufficient to reverse these results. Mechanistic analyses revealed that miR-4310 promoted glioma progression through the PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting PTEN. Additionally, SP1 induced the expression of miR-4310 by binding to its promoter region.

Conclusion

miR-4310 promotes the progression of glioma by targeting PTEN and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway; meanwhile, the expression of miR-4310 was induced by SP1.

Prognostic significance of long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 511expression in malignant tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

A growing number of studies have suggested that the Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00511 (LINC00511) is aberrantly expressed in multiple malignancies and is related to patient survival. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic significance of LINC00511 in human malignancies.

METHODS

Eligible studies published by March 11, 2020 were identified in 4 electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of LINC00511 expression in malignant tumors. The association between LINC00511 expression and cancer clinicopathologic features were assessed using Odds ratios (ORs) and CIs.

RESULTS

A total of 13 studies, comprising 1,053 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The calculated hazard ratio was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.59-2.52, P < .000), suggesting that higher LINC00511 expression could predict poorer overall survival in patients with malignancies. Additionally, our statistical analysis indicated that elevated LINC00511 expression closely associated with bigger tumors (OR = 2.92, 95% CI 1.65-5.18, P < .000), higher incidence of lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.46, 95% CI 2.11-5.66, P < .000) and distant metastasis (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.14-5.05, P = .02), poorer differentiation (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.11-2.16, P = .01), as well as more advanced TNM stage (OR = 3.90, 95% CI 2.70-5.63, P < .000).

CONCLUSIONS

High LINC00511 expression may predict unfavorable prognosis in patients with malignancies. It should be further explored as a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for human cancer.

Yin Yang 1-induced LINC00667 up-regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 to promote proliferation, migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells by sponging miR-200c-3p

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being found to play crucial roles in CCA progression. This work aims to investigate the roles of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 667 (LINC00667) in progression of CCA. RT-qPCR and western blot were applied to detect gene expression. Clinical correlation and survival were analyzed by statistical methods. Overexpression and RNA interference approaches were used to investigate the effects of LINC00667 on CCA cells. Tumor xenograft assay was performed to detect the function of LINC00667 in vivo. Transcriptional regulation and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism were predicted via bioinformatics analysis. ChIP, luciferase reporter, and Ago2 RIP assays further confirmed the predicted results. Our data indicated that LINC00667 was highly expressed in CCA tissues and cells, and transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) induced LINC00667 expression in CCA cells. Up-regulated LINC00667 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and poor prognosis. Knockdown of LINC00667 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CCA cells, while overexpression of LINC00667 acquired opposite effects. Moreover, knockdown of LINC00667 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In addition, LINC00667 was demonstrated to function as a ceRNA for miR-200c-3p, and then LINC00667 up-regulated pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) to promote CCA development by inhibiting miR-200c-3p. These findings identified a pivotal role of LINC00667 in tumorigenesis and development of CCA. Targeting the YY1/LINC00667/miR-200c-3p/PDK1 axis may provide a new therapeutic strategy for CCA treatment.

Long non-coding RNA ARAP1-AS1 promotes the proliferation and migration in cervical cancer through epigenetic regulation of DUSP5

Emerging reports have indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in multiple cancers, containing cervical cancer. LncRNA ARAP1 antisense RNA 1 (ARAP1-AS1) was previously identified as a tumor-promoter in bladder cancer. However, the expression profile and possible modulation mechanism of ARAP1-AS1 in cervical cancer need to be further studied. In the current research, ARAP1-AS1 was discovered to exhibit a high level in cervical cancer cells. Besides, the knockdown of ARAP1-AS1 repressed cell proliferative and migratory capacities in cervical cancer, as detected by loss-of-function assays including CCK-8, EdU, colony formation, and transwell assays. Additionally, dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5), lowly expressed in cervical cancer cells, was found to be negatively modulated by ARAP1-AS1. In subsequence, mechanism experiments proved that ARAP1-AS1 recruited enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) to regulate DUSP5 expression. Finally, rescue assays certified the oncogenic function of ARAP1-AS1/EZH2/DUSP5 axis in cervical cancer. This research probed the expression level and regulatory mechanism of ARAP1-AS1 underlying cervical cancer, which might shed novel lights into the exploration on cervical cancer treatment.

miR-5188 augments glioma growth, migration and invasion through an SP1-modulated FOXO1-PI3K/AKT-c-JUN-positive feedback circuit

The biological effect and molecular mechanism of miR-5188 have not been thoroughly investigated. The study aims at elucidating the role of miR-5188 in glioma progression. Human glioma cell lines and tissues were used for functional and expression analysis. Cellular and molecular techniques were performed to explore the functions and mechanisms of miR-5188 in glioma. In our investigation, we demonstrated that miR-5188 promoted cell proliferation, the G1/S transition of the cell cycle, migration and invasion in glioma and reduced the lifespan of glioma-bearing mice. miR-5188 directly targeted FOXO1 and activated PI3K/AKT-c-JUN signalling, which enhanced miR-5188 expression. Moreover, the c-JUN transcription factor functionally bound to the miR-5188 promoter region, forming the positive feedback loop. The feedback loop promoted glioma progression through activating the PI3K/AKT signalling, and this loop is augmented by the interaction between SP1 and c-JUN. Moreover, it was also found that the miR-5188/FOXO1 axis is facilitated by SP1-activated PI3K/AKT/c-JUN signalling. In glioma samples, miR-5188 expression was found to be an unfavourable factor and was positively associated with the mRNA levels of SP1 and c-JUN, whereas negatively associated with the mRNA levels of FOXO1. Our investigation demonstrates that miR-5188 could function as a tumour promoter by directly targeting FOXO1 and participating in SP1-mediated promotion of cell growth and tumorigenesis in glioma.

Highly penetrating nanobubble polymer enhances LINC00511-siRNA delivery for improving the chemosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer

Ultrasound-mediated nanobubble destruction (UMND), which can utilize the physical energy of ultrasound irradiation to improve the transfer efficiency to target cells is becoming one of the most promising carriers for gene delivery. The purpose of this study was to establish cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-loaded nanobubbles (CNBs) connected with long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 00511-small interfering RNA (LINC00511-siRNA) and evaluate its feasibility for improving the chemosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer in vitro. First, fluorescence imaging confirmed the loading of siLINC00511 on CNBs, and the CNBs-siLINC00511 were characterized by the Zetasizer Nano ZS90 analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. Next, cell counting kit 8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory activity of cisplatin on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the 50% inhibition concentration value before and after transfer was calculated. Finally, the silencing effect of siLINC00511 was evaluated in vitro using an apoptosis assay, transwell assay, real time-PCR and western blotting. UMND combined with CNBs could effectively transfer the siRNA to MDA-MB-231 cells, thus evidently reducing the expression of LINC00511. Furthermore, inhibitory activity of cisplatin on MDA-MB-231 cells was enhanced after downregulation of LINC00511 expression. Downregulation of LINC00511 alters expression of cell cycle-related (CDK 6) and apoptosis-related (Bcl-2 and Bax) proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results suggested that siRNA-CNBs may be an ideal vector for the treatment of tumors, with high efficiency RNA interference under the combined action of UMND. It may provide a new therapeutic method for triple negative breast cancer.

LINC00511 promotes lung squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and migration via inhibiting miR-150-5p and activating TADA1

Background

Recently, accumulating data have supported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to tumorigenesis. LncRNA LINC00511 (LINC00511) has been proved to serve as an oncogene in several tumors. However, as a novel lncRNA, the crucial role and potential mechanism of LINC00511 in LUSC is largely unknown.

Methods

Here, we performed a differential gene expression analysis of the LINC00511 in LUSC using data from TCGA database. Loss-of-functional assays were used to gain further insights into the latter function of LINC00511 on the malignant phenotypes in vitro. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR, western blot, dual-luciferase reporter, and RIP assays were utilized to highlight the molecular basis of LINC00511 in LUSC.

Results

LINC00511 was upregulated in LUSC tissues in TCGA database compared to adjacent non-tumor counterparts, and its expression level was strongly associated with tumor stage. LINC00511 deficiency significantly suppressed LUSC cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation demonstrated that LINC00511 accelerated LUSC progression partially through its up-regulation of TADA1 via targeting miR-150-5p.

Conclusions

our study highlights that LINC00511 facilitates LUSC progression via sequestering miR-150-5p and targeting TADA1, suggesting a need for development of a strategy for therapeutic targeting of LINC00511 in LUSC.

LINC00511 as a prognostic biomarker for human cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Long intergenic non-coding RNA 00511 (LINC00511) is highly expressed in diverse cancers and has a correlation with poor clinical outcomes for cancer patients. In view of contradictory data among published data, we aim to evaluate the prognostic role of LINC00511 for cancer patients.

METHODS

In the present study, a meta-analysis of related studies has been performed to investigate the prognostic significance of LINC00511 in cancer patients. Relevant studies published before December 22, 2019 were systematically searched online in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. The relationship between LINC00511 expression and cancer patients' survival, including overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS), was evaluated using pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The association between LINC00511 expression and clinicopathological features was assessed using odd ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% CIs.

RESULTS

A total of 14 eligible studies with 1883 patients were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that elevated expression of LINC00511 was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 2.62; 95% CI: 2.00-3.45; p <  0.001), PFS (HR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.29-2.51; p = 0.001) and DFS/RFS (HR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.04-8.12; p = 0.04). Additionally, High LINC00511 expression was associated with large tumor size (OR = 3.10; 95% CI: 1.97-4.86; p <  0.00001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.11; 95% CI: 2.30-4.21; p <  0.00001), advanced clinical stage (OR = 3.95; 95% CI: 2.68-5.81; p <  0.00001), distant metastasis (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.16-4.93; p = 0.02), and disease recurrence (OR = 4.62; 95% CI: 2.47-8.65; p <  0.00001). Meanwhile, no correlation was found between LINC00511 expression and age, gender, and histological grade. These findings were consolidated by the results of bioinformatics analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on our findings, LINC00511 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for cancer patients.

Long Intergenic Non-protein Coding RNA 511 in Cancers

Background: Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 511 (LINC00511) is upregulated in diverse cancers and involved in prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic profile of LINC00511 in cancer patients.

Methods: Published studies evaluating the prognosis of LINC00511 in patients with different cancers were identified from Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Analysis of the association between LINC00511 and clinicopathological characteristics was conducted. GEPIA was used to validation and functional analysis and LnCeVar was used to get genomic variations.

Results: We eventually included 9 studies, and the combined results showed LINC00511 was significantly associated with decreased OS (HR = 3.18, 95% CI = 2.29 ~ 4.42, P < 0.001) albeit with mild heterogeneity (I² = 58.1%, P_h = 0.014), similarly in cancer type subgroups: breast cancer, digestive system cancer, and cervical cancer (all P < 0.001). There is no publication bias and meta-regression indicated follow-up time maybe heterogeneity of the results (P = 0.008). Additionally, LINC00511 appeared to be correlated with age, clinical stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis. Those findings were confirmed in GEPIA. Through LnCeVars, gene ontology and functional pathways were enriched, and dysregulated hallmarks and related ceRNA network of LINC00511 were disturbed.

Conclusions: LINC00511 could be predictive of poor OS and lymph node metastasis in multiple cancers, in another word, LINC00511 serves as an unfavorable prognostic factor, and its mechanism is related to ceRNA.

Identification of a Novel Eight-lncRNA Prognostic Signature for HBV-HCC and Analysis of Their Functions Based on Coexpression and ceRNA Networks

Studies have demonstrated the prognosis potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but specific lncRNAs for hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) related HCC have rarely been reported. This study was aimed at identifying a lncRNA prognostic signature for HBV-HCC and exploring their underlying functions. The sequencing dataset was collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas database as the training set, while the microarray dataset was obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute database (E-TABM-36) as the validation set. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified that eight lncRNAs (TSPEAR-AS1, LINC00511, LINC01136, MKLN1-AS, LINC00506, KRTAP5-AS1, ZNF252P-AS1, and THUMPD3-AS1) were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). These eight lncRNAs were used to construct a risk score model. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve results showed that this risk score can significantly differentiate the OS between the high-risk group and the low-risk group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that this risk score exhibited good prediction effectiveness (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.990 for the training set; AUC = 0.903 for the validation set). Furthermore, this lncRNA risk score was identified as an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis after adjusting other clinical characteristics. The crucial coexpression (LINC00511-CABYR, THUMPD3-AS1-TRIP13, LINC01136-SFN, LINC00506-ANLN, and KRTAP5-AS1/TSPEAR-AS1/MKLN1-AS/ZNF252P-AS1-MC1R) or competing endogenous RNA (THUMPD3-AS1-hsa-miR-450a-TRIP13) interaction axes were identified to reveal the possible functions of lncRNAs. These genes were enriched into cell cycle-related biological processes or pathways. In conclusion, our study identified a novel eight-lncRNA prognosis signature for HBV-HCC patients and these lncRNAs may be potential therapeutic targets.

Long noncoding RNA LINC00657 induced by SP1 contributes to the non-small cell lung cancer progression through targeting miR-26b-5p/COMMD8 axis

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a kind of lung cancer with high incidence and poor outcomes all over the world. Studies have validated that the upregulation of long noncoding RNA LINC00657 is related to several cancers. Nevertheless, the underlying regulatory mechanism of LINC00657 in NSCLC has not been well elucidated. In the present study, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that LINC00657 level was apparently elevated in NSCLC cells. Loss-of function assays demonstrated that LINC00657 silence retarded cell proliferation and migration in NSCLC cells. Moreover, the chromatin immunoprecipitation result identified the transcription factor SP1 could bind with LINC00657 promoter, and RT-qPCR proved SP1 positively regulated LINC00657 expression in NSCLC cells. In addition, the mechanistic investigations unveiled that LINC00657 was an endogenous sponge of miR-26b-5p and therefore boosted the expression of copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing 8 (COMMD8), one of the targets of miR-26b-5p. Besides, miR-26b-5p could negatively regulate LINC00657 or COMMD8 in NSCLC cells. With the application of rescue assays, we uncovered that overexpression of COMMD8 partly mitigated the impairment of LINC00657 repression on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. Together, our study illustrated that SP1-stimulated LINC00657 promoted NSCLC progression through targeting miR-26b-5p/COMMD8 axis, offering a novel potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.

HIF-1α induced lncRNA LINC00511 accelerates the colorectal cancer proliferation through positive feedback loop

Long noncoding RNAs lncRNAs play an essential role in the epigenetic regulation of colorectal cancer CRC. However, the biological function of lncRNA Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA 00511 LINC00511 in the CRC is unclear. Here, present research found that LINC00511 was significantly up-regulated in the CRC tissue samples and cell lines. Consistently, LINC00011 overexpression was correlated with larger tumor size and advanced tumor stage. Functionally, LINC00511 promoted the proliferation and reduced the apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro, and LINC00511 knockdown repressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) bound the promoter region of LINC00511 to active tits transcription. Moreover, LINC00511 functioned as the miR-153-5p sponge in the cytoplasmic portion, and miR-153-5p also targeted the 3'-UTR of HIF-1α. In conclusion, this study identifies the roles of LINC00511 in CRC progression and uncovers the positive feedback loop of HIF-1α/LINC00511/miR-153-5p in CRC, providing a potential therapeutic target.

Positive feedback loop SP1/SNHG1/miR-199a-5p promotes the malignant properties of thyroid cancer

Abundant evidences have demonstrated the essential roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Here, we aim to explore the biological roles of lncRNA SNHG1 in the PTC tumorigenesis. Firstly, we discovered the ectopically expressed ncRNAs using lncRNA microarray profiling. Among these candidate lncRNAs, SNHG1 was identified to be up-regulated in both PTC tissue and cells. Functionally, knockdown of SNHG1 repressed the proliferation, invasion and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SNHG1 sponged miR-199a-5p by complementary binding with specificity protein 1 (SP1) 3'-UTR. Interestingly, transcription factor SP1 targeted the promoter region of SNHG1 to promote its transcriptional level. The interaction within lncRNA, miRNA and target mRNA constructed the feedback loop of SP1/SNHG1/miR-199a-5p/SP1 in PTC. Collectively, these findings unveil the potential regulation of SNHG1 on the PTC tumorigenesis via feedback loop, providing a novel insight for PTC.

The regulation and interaction of colon cancer-associated transcript-1 and miR7-5p contribute to the inhibition of SP1 expression by solamargine in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy with higher incidence in Southern China and Southeast Asia. Solamargine (SM), a steroidal alkaloid glycoside, has been shown to have anticancer properties. However, the underlying mechanism involved remains undetermined. In this study, we showed that SM inhibited the growth of NPC cells. Mechanistically, we found that solamargine decreased lncRNA colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) and increased miR7-5p expression. There was a reciprocal interaction of CCAT1 and miR7-5p. In addition, SM inhibited the expression of SP1 protein and promoter activity, which was strengthened by miR7-5p mimics and inhibited by overexpressed CCAT1. MiR7-5p could bind to 3'-UTR of SP1 and attenuated SP1 gene expression. Exogenously expressed SP1 feedback resisted SM-increased miR7-5p expression and more importantly reversed SM-inhibited growth of NPC cells. Finally, SM inhibited NPC tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, our results show that SM inhibits the growth of NPC cells through reciprocal regulation of CCAT1 and miR7-5p, followed by inhibition of SP1 gene expression in vitro and in vivo. The interregulation and correlation among CCAT1, miR7-5p and SP1, and the feedback regulatory loop unveil the novel molecular mechanism underlying the overall responses of SM in anti-NPC.

Long intergenic non-coding RNA 511 correlates with improved prognosis, and hinders osteosarcoma progression both in vitro and in vivo

Background

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of long intergenic non‐coding RNA 511 (LINC00511) with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) in osteosarcoma patients and to explore its function in osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

Tumor tissues and adjacent tissues from 45 osteosarcoma patients were acquired, and LINC00511 expression was detected. In vitro, LINC00511 expression was detected in osteosarcoma cell lines and osteoblast cell line. LINC00511 overexpression‐treated (OE‐LINC00511) and nonsense overexpression‐treated (OE‐control) MG‐63 and Saos‐2 cells were cultured, followed by the assessment of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. In vivo, tumor weight and volume were measured in OE‐LINC00511 and OE‐control xenografted mice.

Results

LINC00511 expression was decreased in tumor tissues compared with adjacent tissues (P < .001), and its high expression correlated with increased tumor cell necrosis rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = .025) and prolonged OS (P = .010). In vitro, LINC00511 expression was decreased in osteosarcoma cell lines (including MG‐63, U‐2OS, Saos‐2, and HOS) compared with osteoblast cell line (All P < .001). Cell proliferation was decreased at 48 hours (Both P < .01) and 72 hours (Both P < .001) (in MG‐63 and Saos‐2 cells); cell apoptosis was increased (P < .05) (in Saos‐2 cells); cell migration and invasion were decreased (All P < .01) (in MG‐63 cells and Saos‐2 cells) in OE‐LINC00511 compared with OE‐control. In vivo, tumor volume was reduced at week 4 (P < .001), week 5 (P < .001), week 6 (P < .001) in OE‐LINC00511 compared with OE‐control. Tumor weight was declined in OE‐LINC00511 than OE‐control (P < .001).

Conclusions

LINC00511 acts as a potential biomarker and therapeutic option for osteosarcoma.

LINC00511 contributes to glioblastoma tumorigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via LINC00511/miR-524-5p/YB1/ZEB1 positive feedback loop

Tumour invasion is closely related to the prognosis and recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme and partially attributes to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Long intergenic non‐coding RNA 00511 (LINC00511) plays a pivotal role in tumour; however, the role of LINC00511 in GBM, especially in the epigenetic molecular regulation mechanism of EMT, is still unclear. Here, we found that LINC00511 was up‐regulated in GBM tissues and relatively high LINC00511 expression predicted poorer prognosis. Moreover, ectopic LINC00511 enhanced GBM cells proliferation, EMT, migration and invasion, whereas LINC00511 knockdown had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, we confirmed that ZEB1 acted as a transcription factor for LINC00511 in GBM cells. Subsequently, we found that LINC00511 served as a competing endogenous RNA that sponged miR‐524‐5p to indirectly regulate YB1, whereas, up‐regulated YB1 promoted ZEB1 expression, which inversely facilitated LINC00511 expression. Finally, orthotopic xenograft models were performed to further demonstrate the LINC00511 on GBM tumorigenesis. This study demonstrates that a LINC00511/miR‐524‐5p/YB1/ZEB1 positive feedback loop provides potential therapeutic targets for GBM progression.

LINC01234 promotes multiple myeloma progression by regulating miR-124-3p/GRB2 axis

LncRNA is gradually considered as a vital regulator in various physiological and pathological processes. Recently, the role of LINC01234 in several cancers has been reported. However, the function and underlying regulatory mechanism of LINC01234 in multiple myeloma (MM) remain unclear. Our results indicated that LINC01234 was over-expressed in tumor tissues of MM patients, and LINC01234 down-regulation remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, cycle progression and promoted cell apoptosis in MM cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that LINC01234 could sponge miR-124-3p and decreased its expression, thereby up-regulated the protein level of miR-124-3p's targets growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). Additionally, in vivo experiments revealed that LINC01234 shRNA could serve as a tumor suppressor through down-regulating GRB2 in MM. In this study, a novel established regulatory manner of LINC01234/miR-124-3p/GRB2 axis was systematically studied, which may hold promise as a promising target for MM treatment.

LINC00511 promotes the malignant phenotype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by sponging microRNA-625 and thereby increasing cyclin D1 expression

The expression pattern and detailed roles of long noncoding RNA LINC00511 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unknown. We measured LINC00511 expression in ccRCC. We clarified the clinical characteristics associated with LINC00511 in ccRCC. We examined the biological roles of LINC00511 in the progression of ccRCC, and we identified the potential mechanisms involved. LINC00511 was upregulated in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. High LINC00511 expression significantly correlated with TNM classification, lymph node metastasis, and short overall survival among patients with ccRCC. Additionally, LINC00511 knockdown restricted ccRCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and metastasis in vitro; accelerated cell cycle arrest at G0–G1 and apoptosis in vitro; and decreased tumor growth in vivo. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that LINC00511 directly interacted with microRNA-625 (miR-625), and the inhibitory effects of the LINC00511 knockdown on malignant characteristics were neutralized by miR-625 silencing. Furthermore, cyclin D1 (CCND1) was identified as a direct target of miR-625 in ccRCC cells. The tumor-suppressive activity of miR-625 upregulation on ccRCC cells was reversed by CCND1 reintroduction. In conclusion, LINC00511 serves as a competing endogenous RNA that regulates CCND1 expression by sponging miR-625 in ccRCC. Hence, the LINC00511/miR-625/CCND1 pathway might be a promising therapeutic target in ccRCC.

The transcriptional landscape of lncRNAs reveals the oncogenic function of LINC00511 in ER-negative breast cancer

Advances in the molecular characteristics of cancers have facilitated the classification system from morphology to molecular characteristic-based subtypes. Cancer profiling has expanded in its focus from protein-coding genes to noncoding RNAs, with advances in the depth and quality of transcriptome sequencing. Here, we examined the profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) according to breast cancer subtype categories in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify a cohort of breast cancer- and oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative-associated lncRNAs. According to the prioritization of variation in ER-negative-associated lncRNAs, we identified and investigated the role of LINC00511 in breast cancer. We determined that high LINC00511 expression was an unfavourable prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, LINC00511 promoted tumour growth by accelerating the G1/S transition and inhibiting apoptosis. At the transcriptional level, ER deficiency directly affected the expression of LINC00511 activated by transcription factor AP-2 (TFAP-2) in breast cancer cells. Moreover, mechanistic investigations demonstrated that ER-negative-associated LINC00511 interacted with enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2, PRC2) and recruited PRC2 to mediate histone methylation, contributing to the repression of CDKN1B in the nucleus. This process resulted in altered ER-negative breast cancer cell biology. By highlighting the oncogenic function of LINC00511, we revealed the role of lncRNAs in regulating the network of cell cycle control in ER-negative breast cancer and suggested the exploitation of LINC00511 as an anticancer therapy in the future.

Long noncoding RNA LINC00511 induced by SP1 accelerates the glioma progression through targeting miR-124-3p/CCND2 axis

Mounting evidence suggests the vital roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) in the glioma. However, the role of LINC00511 in gliomagenesis is still uncovered. Here, in this study, we aim to investigate the effects of LINC00511 on the glioma cancer phenotype and its deepgoing mechanism. Results indicated that LINC00511 was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines, moreover its overexpression positively correlated with the poor prognosis and advanced pathological stages. For the upstream regulation, LINC00511 was epigenetically up-regulated by transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1). Gain and loss of functional experiments demonstrated that LINC00511 promoted the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells in vitro. The knockdown of LINC00511 repressed the tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00511 positively regulated the CCND2 expression via competitively sponging with miR-124-3p. Overall, our finding illuminates that LINC00511 is induced by SP1 and accelerates the glioma progression through targeting miR-124-3p/CCND2 axis, constructing the SP1/LINC00511/miR-124-3p/CCND2 axis.