1
|
Zheng J, Huang B, Xiao L, Wu M. Effects of BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 on the expression profile of super-enhancer related lncRNAs and mRNAs in cervical cancer HeLa cells. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17035. [PMID: 38410799 PMCID: PMC10896078 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of bromine domain protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor JQ1 on the expression profile of super-enhancer-related lncRNAs (SE-lncRNAs) and mRNAs in cervical cancer (CC) HeLa-cells. Methods The CCK8 method was implemented to detect the inhibitory effect of JQ1 on HeLa cells and explore the best inhibitory concentration. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect the changes of lncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in cells of the JQ1 treatment group and control group, respectively. The differentially expressed SE-lncRNAs were obtained by matching, while the co-expressed mRNAs were obtained by Pearson correlation analysis. Results The inhibitory effect of JQ1 on HeLa cell proliferation increased significantly with increasing concentration and treatment time (P < 0.05). Under the experimental conditions of three concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L of JQ1 on HeLa cells at 24, 48, 72 and 120 h, 1 μmol/L of JQ1 at 72 and 120 h had the same cell viability and the strongest cell proliferation inhibition. In order to understand the inhibitory mechanism of JQ1 on HeLa cells, this study analyzed the expression profile differences from the perspective of SE-lncRNAs and mRNAs. A total of 162 SE-lncRNAs were identified, of which 8 SE-lncRNAs were down-regulated and seven SE-lncRNAs were up-regulated. A total of 418 differentially expressed mRNAs related to SE-lncRNAs were identified, of which 395 mRNAs had positive correlation with 12 SE-lncRNAs and 408 mRNAs had negative correlation with 15 SE-lncRNAs. Conclusion JQ1 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and affect the expression profile of SE-lncRNAs and mRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bifen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quanzhou Medical College People's Hospital Affiliated, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang ZQ, Zhang ZC, Wu YY, Pi YN, Lou SH, Liu TB, Lou G, Yang C. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins: biological functions, diseases, and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:420. [PMID: 37926722 PMCID: PMC10625992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins, which influence gene expression and contribute to the development of cancer, are epigenetic interpreters. Thus, BET inhibitors represent a novel form of epigenetic anticancer treatment. Although preliminary clinical trials have shown the anticancer potential of BET inhibitors, it appears that these drugs have limited effectiveness when used alone. Therefore, given the limited monotherapeutic activity of BET inhibitors, their use in combination with other drugs warrants attention, including the meaningful variations in pharmacodynamic activity among chosen drug combinations. In this paper, we review the function of BET proteins, the preclinical justification for BET protein targeting in cancer, recent advances in small-molecule BET inhibitors, and preliminary clinical trial findings. We elucidate BET inhibitor resistance mechanisms, shed light on the associated adverse events, investigate the potential of combining these inhibitors with diverse therapeutic agents, present a comprehensive compilation of synergistic treatments involving BET inhibitors, and provide an outlook on their future prospects as potent antitumor agents. We conclude by suggesting that combining BET inhibitors with other anticancer drugs and innovative next-generation agents holds great potential for advancing the effective targeting of BET proteins as a promising anticancer strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhao-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yu-Yang Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Sheng-Han Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tian-Bo Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Edwards K, Lydyard PM, Kulikova N, Tsertsvadze T, Volpi EV, Chiorazzi N, Porakishvili N. The role of CD180 in hematological malignancies and inflammatory disorders. Mol Med 2023; 29:97. [PMID: 37460961 PMCID: PMC10353253 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors play a significant role in the innate immune system and are also involved in the pathophysiology of many different diseases. Over the past 35 years, there have been a growing number of publications exploring the role of the orphan toll-like receptor, CD180. We therefore set out to provide a narrative review of the current evidence surrounding CD180 in both health and disease. We first explore the evidence surrounding the role of CD180 in physiology including its expression, function and signaling in antigen presenting cells (APCs) (dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells). We particularly focus on the role of CD180 as a modulator of other TLRs including TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9. We then discuss the role of CD180 in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as in hematological malignancies of B cell origin, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Based on this evidence we produce a current model for CD180 in disease and explore the potential role for CD180 as both a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Throughout, we highlight specific areas of research which should be addressed to further the understanding of CD180 biology and the translational potential of research into CD180 in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis Edwards
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Peter M Lydyard
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
- The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- Division of Infection of Immunity, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Nino Kulikova
- Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maher N, Mouhssine S, Matti BF, Alwan AF, Gaidano G. Treatment Refractoriness in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Old and New Molecular Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10374. [PMID: 37373521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. Despite its indolent clinical course, therapy refractoriness and disease progression still represent an unmet clinical need. Before the advent of pathway inhibitors, chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) was the commonest option for CLL treatment and is still widely used in areas with limited access to pathway inhibitors. Several biomarkers of refractoriness to CIT have been highlighted, including the unmutated status of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable genes and genetic lesions of TP53, BIRC3 and NOTCH1. In order to overcome resistance to CIT, targeted pathway inhibitors have become the standard of care for the treatment of CLL, with practice-changing results obtained through the inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and BCL2. However, several acquired genetic lesions causing resistance to covalent and noncovalent BTK inhibitors have been reported, including point mutations of both BTK (e.g., C481S and L528W) and PLCG2 (e.g., R665W). Multiple mechanisms are involved in resistance to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, including point mutations that impair drug binding, the upregulation of BCL2-related anti-apoptotic family members, and microenvironmental alterations. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells have been tested for CLL treatment, obtaining conflicting results. Potential refractoriness biomarkers to immunotherapy were identified, including abnormal levels of circulating IL-10 and IL-6 and the reduced presence of CD27+CD45RO- CD8+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawar Maher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Samir Mouhssine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Bassam Francis Matti
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
| | - Alaa Fadhil Alwan
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10015, Iraq
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sullivan GP, Flanagan L, Rodrigues DA, Ní Chonghaile T. The path to venetoclax resistance is paved with mutations, metabolism, and more. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo6891. [PMID: 36475901 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Venetoclax is a B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-selective antagonist used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Although this has been a promising therapeutic option for these patients, many of these patients develop resistance and relapsed disease. Here, we summarize the emerging mechanisms of resistance to venetoclax treatment, discuss the promising combination strategies, and highlight the combinations that are currently in clinical trials. Efforts to understand mechanisms of resistance are critical to advance the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies and further our understanding of the biological functions of BCL-2 in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme P Sullivan
- Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lyndsey Flanagan
- Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel Alencar Rodrigues
- Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tríona Ní Chonghaile
- Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Systems Medicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smith AL, Eiken AP, Skupa SA, Moore DY, Umeta LT, Smith LM, Lyden ER, D’Angelo CR, Kallam A, Vose JM, Kutateladze TG, El-Gamal D. A Novel Triple-Action Inhibitor Targeting B-Cell Receptor Signaling and BRD4 Demonstrates Preclinical Activity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6712. [PMID: 35743155 PMCID: PMC9224275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) results from intrinsic genetic defects and complex microenvironment stimuli that fuel CLL cell growth through an array of survival signaling pathways. Novel small-molecule agents targeting the B-cell receptor pathway and anti-apoptotic proteins alone or in combination have revolutionized the management of CLL, yet combination therapy carries significant toxicity and CLL remains incurable due to residual disease and relapse. Single-molecule inhibitors that can target multiple disease-driving factors are thus an attractive approach to combat both drug resistance and combination-therapy-related toxicities. We demonstrate that SRX3305, a novel small-molecule BTK/PI3K/BRD4 inhibitor that targets three distinctive facets of CLL biology, attenuates CLL cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. SRX3305 also inhibits the activation-induced proliferation of primary CLL cells in vitro and effectively blocks microenvironment-mediated survival signals, including stromal cell contact. Furthermore, SRX3305 blocks CLL cell migration toward CXCL-12 and CXCL-13, which are major chemokines involved in CLL cell homing and retention in microenvironment niches. Importantly, SRX3305 maintains its anti-tumor effects in ibrutinib-resistant CLL cells. Collectively, this study establishes the preclinical efficacy of SRX3305 in CLL, providing significant rationale for its development as a therapeutic agent for CLL and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L. Smith
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Alexandria P. Eiken
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Sydney A. Skupa
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Dalia Y. Moore
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Lelisse T. Umeta
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| | - Lynette M. Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.M.S.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Elizabeth R. Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.M.S.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Christopher R. D’Angelo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.D.); (A.K.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Avyakta Kallam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.D.); (A.K.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Julie M. Vose
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (C.R.D.); (A.K.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Dalia El-Gamal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.L.S.); (A.P.E.); (S.A.S.); (D.Y.M.); (L.T.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
High expression level of ROR1 and ROR1-signaling associates with venetoclax resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2022; 36:1609-1618. [PMID: 35418613 PMCID: PMC9162914 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the BH3-mimetic venetoclax is highly cytotoxic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, some patients with CLL fail to clear minimal residual disease (MRD). We examined the CLL cells of seven such patients (CLL1-7) and found each had high-level expression of ROR1. By examining the CLL cells from such patients prior to therapy at SC1 and then more than 1 year later (Sample Collection 2 (SC2)), when they had progressive increases in MRD despite continued venetoclax therapy, we found the levels of ROR1 expressed on CLL cells at SC2 were significantly higher than that on CLL cells collected at SC1. At SC2, we also observed upregulation of genes induced by Wnt5a-induced ROR1 signaling, including BCL2L1. Transduction of the CLL-cell-line MEC1 to express ROR1 enhanced expression of target genes induced by ROR1-signaling, increased expression of BCL-XL, and enhanced resistance to venetoclax, even in MEC1 made to express mutant forms of BCL2, which are associated with venetoclax resistance. Treatment of primary CLL cells with Wnt5a also increased their resistance to venetoclax, an effect that could be inhibited by the anti-ROR1 mAb (UC-961, zilovertamab). Collectively, these studies indicate that Wnt5a-induced ROR1-signaling can enhance resistance to venetoclax therapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Prado G, Kaestner CL, Licht JD, Bennett RL. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms to overcome venetoclax resistance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119047. [PMID: 33945824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The BH-3 mimetic venetoclax overcomes apoptosis and therapy resistance caused by high expression of BCL2 or loss of BH3-only protein function. Although a promising therapy for hematologic malignancies, increased expression of anti-apoptotic MCL-1 or BCL-XL, as well as other resistance mechanisms prevent a durable response to venetoclax. Recent studies demonstrate that agents targeting epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitors, or bromodomain reader protein inhibitors may disable oncogenic gene expression signatures responsible for venetoclax resistance. Combination therapies including venetoclax and epigenetic therapies are effective in preclinical models and the subject of many current clinical trials. Here we review epigenetic strategies to overcome venetoclax resistance mechanisms in hematologic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Prado
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center and University of Florida Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Charlotte L Kaestner
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center and University of Florida Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center and University of Florida Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Richard L Bennett
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center and University of Florida Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Shen N, Li S, Yu H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Han L, Tang Z. Synergistic Therapy for Cervical Cancer by Codelivery of Cisplatin and JQ1 Inhibiting Plk1-Mutant Trp53 Axis. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2412-2421. [PMID: 33705152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
JQ1, a specific inhibitor of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), could have great potential in the treatment of cervical cancer. However, its clinical application is limited by its short plasma half-life and limited antitumor efficacy. In this work, cisplatin (CDDP) was first utilized as the stabilizer and cooperator in the nanosystem (mPEG113-b-P(Glu10-co-Phe10)-CDDP/JQ1, called PGP-CDDP/JQ1) to break through the efficiency limitation of JQ1. The PGP-CDDP/JQ1 had a combination index (CI) of 0.21, exerting a strong cytotoxic synergistic effect. In vivo experiments revealed that PGP-CDDP/JQ1 had a significantly higher tumor inhibition effect (tumor inhibition rate: 85% vs 14%) and plasma stability of JQ1 (area under the curve (AUC0-∞): 335.97 vs 16.88 μg × h/mL) than free JQ1. The mechanism underling the synergism of JQ1 with CDDP in PGP-CDDP/JQ1 was uncovered to be inhibiting Plk1-mutant Trp53 axis. Thus, this study provides an optional method for improving the clinical application of JQ1 in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Na Shen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Shuchun Li
- The Department of Pain, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Liying Han
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novel Agents in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: New Combination Therapies and Strategies to Overcome Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061336. [PMID: 33809580 PMCID: PMC8002361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nowadays, many patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are treated with so-called novel agents, including BTK inhibitors, Bcl-2 inhibitors and PI3K inhibitors. As CLL is a chronic disease, most patients will relapse on or after treatment with these drugs and various mechanisms behind this resistance to novel agents have been described. In this review, we present the current evidence on resistance to novel agents, discuss approaches to prevent its development and provide guidance on the treatment of patients who have already acquired resistance. Abstract The approval of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors such as ibrutinib and acalabrutinib and the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax have revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). While these novel agents alone or in combination induce long lasting and deep remissions in most patients with CLL, their use may be associated with the development of clinical resistance. In this review, we elucidate the genetic basis of acquired resistance to BTK and Bcl-2 inhibition and present evidence on resistance mechanisms that are not linked to single genomic alterations affecting these target proteins. Strategies to prevent resistance to novel agents are discussed in this review with a special focus on new combination therapies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fairlie WD, Lee EF. Co-Operativity between MYC and BCL-2 Pro-Survival Proteins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062841. [PMID: 33799592 PMCID: PMC8000576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), c-MYC and related proteins are arguably amongst the most widely studied in all of biology. Every year there are thousands of papers reporting on different aspects of their biochemistry, cellular and physiological mechanisms and functions. This plethora of literature can be attributed to both proteins playing essential roles in the normal functioning of a cell, and by extension a whole organism, but also due to their central role in disease, most notably, cancer. Many cancers arise due to genetic lesions resulting in deregulation of both proteins, and indeed the development and survival of tumours is often dependent on co-operativity between these protein families. In this review we will discuss the individual roles of both proteins in cancer, describe cancers where co-operativity between them has been well-characterised and finally, some strategies to target these proteins therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3084, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zou HS, Yi SH, Qiu LG. [Resistance mechanisms and treatment strategies of Venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 41:783-787. [PMID: 33113617 PMCID: PMC7595867 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H S Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - S H Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - L G Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matissek SJ, Han W, Karbalivand M, Sayed M, Reilly BM, Mallat S, Ghazal SM, Munshi M, Yang G, Treon SP, Walker SR, Elsawa SF. Epigenetic targeting of Waldenström macroglobulinemia cells with BET inhibitors synergizes with BCL2 or histone deacetylase inhibition. Epigenomics 2020; 13:129-144. [PMID: 33356554 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma characterized by overproduction of monoclonal IgM. To date, there are no therapies that provide a cure for WM patients, and therefore, it is important to explore new therapies. Little is known about the efficiency of epigenetic targeting in WM. Materials & methods: WM cells were treated with BET inhibitors (JQ1 and I-BET-762) and venetoclax, panobinostat or ibrutinib. Results: BET inhibition reduces growth of WM cells, with little effect on survival. This finding was enhanced by combination therapy, with panobinostat (LBH589) showing the highest synergy. Conclusion: Our studies identify BET inhibitors as effective therapy for WM, and these inhibitors can be enhanced in combination with BCL2 or histone deacetylase inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J Matissek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Weiguo Han
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Mona Karbalivand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Mohamed Sayed
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Brendan M Reilly
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Shayna Mallat
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Shimaa M Ghazal
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Manit Munshi
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah R Walker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Sherine F Elsawa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Spriano F, Stathis A, Bertoni F. Targeting BET bromodomain proteins in cancer: The example of lymphomas. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107631. [PMID: 32693114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Bromo- and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) family proteins act as "readers" of acetylated histones and they are important transcription regulators. BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, part of the BET family, are important in different tumors, where upregulation or translocation often occurs. The potential of targeting BET proteins as anti-cancer treatment originated with data obtained with a first series of compounds, and there are now several data supporting BET inhibition in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Despite very positive preclinical data in different tumor types, the clinical results have been so far moderate. Using lymphoma as an example to review the data produced in the laboratory and in the context of the early clinical trials, we discuss the modalities to make BET targeting more efficient both generating novel generation of compounds and by exploring the combination with small molecules affecting various signaling pathways, BCL2, or DNA damage response signaling, but also with additional epigenetic agents and with immunotherapy. We also discuss the mechanisms of resistance and the toxicity profiles so far reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Satta T, Grant S. Enhancing venetoclax activity in hematological malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:697-708. [PMID: 32600066 PMCID: PMC7529910 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1789588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeting anti-apoptotic pathways involving the BCL2 family proteins represents a novel treatment strategy in hematologic malignancies. Venetoclax, a selective BCL2 inhibitor, represents the first approved agent of this class, and is currently used in CLL and AML. However, monotherapy is rarely sufficient for sustained responses due to the development of drug resistance and loss of dependence upon the targeted protein. Numerous pre-clinical studies have shown that combining venetoclax with other agents may represent a more effective therapeutic strategy by circumventing resistance mechanisms. In this review, we summarize pre-clinical data providing a foundation for rational combination strategies involving venetoclax. AREAS COVERED Novel combination strategies in hematologic malignancies involving venetoclax, primarily at the pre-clinical level, will be reviewed. We emphasize novel agents that interrupt complementary or compensatory pro-survival pathways, and particularly mechanistic insights underlying synergism. PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google scholar were searched from 2000. EXPERT OPINION Although venetoclax has proven to be an effective therapeutic in hematologic malignancies, monotherapy may be insufficient for maximal effectiveness due to the development of resistance and/or loss of BCL2 addiction. Further pre-clinical and clinical development of combination therapies may be necessary for optimal outcomes in patients with diverse blood cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Satta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carrà G, Nicoli P, Lingua MF, Maffeo B, Cartellà A, Circosta P, Brancaccio M, Parvis G, Gaidano V, Guerrasio A, Saglio G, Taulli R, Morotti A. Inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins increases sensitivity to venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1650-1657. [PMID: 31821686 PMCID: PMC6991693 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drugs able to target BTK, PI3k‐delta and BCL2 has dramatically improved chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) therapies. However, drug resistance to these therapies has already been reported due to non‐recurrent changes in oncogenic pathways and genes expression signatures. In this study, we investigated the cooperative role of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax and the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1. In particular, we found that JQ1 shows additional activity with venetoclax, in CLL cell lines and in ex vivo isolated primary CD19+ lymphocytes, arguing in favour of combination strategies. Lastly, JQ1 is also effective in venetoclax‐resistant CLL cell lines. Together, our findings indicated that the BET inhibitor JQ1 could be a promising therapy in CLL, both as first‐line therapy in combination with venetoclax and as second‐line therapy, after the emergence of venetoclax‐resistant clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carrà
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paolo Nicoli
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Maffeo
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Antonio Cartellà
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Paola Circosta
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Parvis
- Division of Hematology, Ospedale Mauriziano, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Guerrasio
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.,Division of Hematology, Ospedale Mauriziano, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Morotti
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|