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Bostan SA, Yemenoglu H, Kose O, Akyildiz K, Mercantepe T, Saral S, Tumkaya L, Yilmaz A. Preventive effects of melatonin on periodontal tissue destruction due to psychological stress in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:500-511. [PMID: 38214233 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND Psychological stress is a potential modifiable environmental risk factor causally related to the exacerbation of periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. This animal study aimed to investigate comprehensively the preventive efficacy of systemic melatonin administration on the possible effects of restraint stress on the periodontal structures of rats with periodontitis. METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, restraint stress (S), S-melatonin (S-Mel), experimental periodontitis (Ep), S-Ep, and S-Ep-Mel. Periodontitis was induced by placing a 3.0 silk suture in a sub-paramarginal position around the cervix of the right and left lower first molars of the rats and keeping the suture in place for 5 weeks. Restraint stress was applied simultaneously by ligation. Melatonin and carriers were administered to the control, S, Ep, and S-Ep groups intraperitoneally (10 mg/body weight/day, 14 days) starting on day 21 following ligation and subjection to restraint stress. An open field test was performed on all groups on day 35 of the study. Periodontal bone loss was measured via histological sections. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (RANKL and OPG) evaluations were performed on right mandibular tissue samples and biochemical (TOS (total oxidant status), TAS (total antioxidant status), OSI (oxidative stress index), IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-1β/IL-10) evaluations were performed on left mandibular tissue samples. RESULTS Melatonin significantly limited serum corticosterone elevation related to restraint stress (p < .05). Restraint stress aggravated alveolar bone loss in rats with periodontitis, while systemic melatonin administration significantly reduced stress-related periodontal bone loss. According to the biochemical analyses, melatonin significantly lowered IL-1β/IL-10, OSI (TOS/TAS), and RANKL/OPG rates, which were significantly elevated in the S-Ep group. CONCLUSION Melatonin can significantly prevent the limited destructive effects of stress on periodontal tissues by suppressing RANKL-related osteoclastogenesis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Alperen Bostan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yemenoglu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Kose
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, School of Vocational Health Care Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sinan Saral
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Hosseinzadeh A, Jamshidi Naeini A, Sheibani M, Gholamine B, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin and oral diseases: possible therapeutic roles based on cellular mechanisms. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:487-503. [PMID: 38607587 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases, including periodontal disorders, oral cancer, periodontitis, and mucositis are the major challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. These conditions often involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired cellular processes, leading to symptoms ranging from discomfort to severe debilitation. Conventional treatments for such oral diseases exhibit constraints, prompting the investigation of innovative therapeutic approaches. Considering the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects of melatonin, this study was carried out to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin in mitigating the severity of oral diseases. Studies indicate that melatonin influences the differentiation of periodontal stem cells, inhibits oral cancer progression, reduces inflammation associated with periodontitis, and alleviates the severity of oral mucositis. Melatonin has demonstrated potential efficacy in both preclinical and clinical investigations; however, findings are frequently heterogeneous and contingent upon contextual factors. This review provides a comprehensiveoverview of current state of knowledge in this domain, elucidating the multifaceted role that melatonin may assume in combatingoral diseases. Further research should be directed toward determining the most effective dosing, timing, and administration methods for melatonin-based therapies for oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jamshidi Naeini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Gholamine
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sarac Gul Y, Kose O, Altin A, Yemenoglu H, Arslan H, Akyildiz K, Yilmaz A. Melatonin supports nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2023. [PMID: 38055628 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM)-associated hyperinflammatory host response significantly provokes periodontal tissue destruction. In this context, the support of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in diabetics with host modulation agents is a current field of study. This clinical study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of melatonin supplementation and discuss its possible biological mechanisms in nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with DM and periodontitis through some fundamental markers. METHODS In this randomized controlled and single-blind study, 27 of 55 diabetic patients with periodontitis (stage III/IV and grade C) underwent full-mouth scaling and root planing (fmSRP) alone and 28 patients underwent melatonin administration (6 mg daily, 30 days) in addition to fmSRP (full-mouth scaling and root planing plus melatonin, fmSRP-mel). The potential therapeutic contribution of melatonin was evaluated clinically and biochemically (gingival crevicular fluid RANKL, OPG, MMP-8, and serum IL-1β levels) at 3rd and 6th months. RESULTS Melatonin (tablet, 6 mg daily, 30 days) did not cause any local or systemic side effects. fmSRP alone resulted in significant reduction in serum IL-1β levels, pocket depths, gingival inflammation, and gingival crevicular fluid RANKL and MMP-8 levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, melatonin supplementation resulted in a more significant decrease in bleeding and pocket depth scores at probing, especially at 3 months (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RANKL and MMP-8 levels were significantly lower at 3 months and IL-1β levels at 6 months compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, OPG levels were not affected significantly by the treatments (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Melatonin, as a host modulation agent, significantly increases the clinical efficacy of fmSRP. The reduction in periodontal inflammation and pocket depths may be a result of marked suppression of RANKL-associated osteoclastogenesis and extracellular matrix damage by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Sarac Gul
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Oguz Kose
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altin
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yemenoglu
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Hatice Arslan
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- School of Vocational Health Care Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Santos RMD, Machado NEDS, Cantiga-Silva C, Belardi BE, Tsosura TVS, Chiba FY, Tessarin GWL, Mattera MSDLC, Nobumoto ACTY, Ervolino E, Cintra LTA, Matsushita DH. Modulatory influence of melatonin on apical periodontitis in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 153:105749. [PMID: 37320884 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the influence of high-fat diet (HFD) and melatonin (MEL) treatment on the progression of inflammation and alveolar bone resorption (ABR) in rats with AP. DESIGN Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: apical periodontitis (AP), HFDAP, APMEL and HFDAPMEL. The animals were fed an HFD or standard diet for 107 days. On the 7th day, the rats were subjected to AP, and after 70 days, the rats in the MEL groups were treated with MEL for 30 days. Post treatment, the animals were euthanized, and their jaws were retrieved for evaluation of bone resorption, intensity of the inflammatory response, and immunohistochemical analysis including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression. RESULTS The APMEL group showed reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate and IL-1β expression relation to HFDAP, while the TNF-α levels did not differ among the groups. The HFDAP group showed an increase in the ABR. MEL reduced the TRAP levels in the APMEL and HFDAPMEL groups. CONCLUSIONS while MEL could reduce TRAP levels in the APMEL and HFDAPMEL groups, the reduction in the HFDAPMEL group was smaller than that in the APMEL group, demonstrating that the interaction between AP and HFD decreased the anti-resorptive effects of MEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Evelyn da Silva Machado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cantiga-Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Elvira Belardi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Thais Verônica Saori Tsosura
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gestter Willian Lattari Tessarin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; North University Center of São Paulo, Unorte, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Thalez Ywabuchi Nobumoto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Doris Hissako Matsushita
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araçatuba, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Jia R, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Hu B, Wang Z, Qiao H. Association between lipid metabolism and periodontitis in obese patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:119. [PMID: 37231396 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between clinical periodontal parameters of periodontitis, serum lipid metabolism markers and adipokines' levels in patients with obesity and periodontitis. METHODS A total of 112 patients admitted to Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were included in this study. They were divided into normal body weight group (18.5 < body mass index, BMI < 25, n = 36), overweight group (25 ≤ BMI < 30, n = 38), and obesity group (BMI ≥ 30, n = 38) accordingly. The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on the newest international classification of periodontitis. Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements included: plaque index, periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were analyzed for: Interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured. Visfatin, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels in serum were also measured. RESULTS The ratio of participants without periodontitis was significantly highest in normal weight group, and the proportion of severe periodontitis (stage III and IV) was highest in obesity group. The periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and the inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid in obesity group and overweight group were higher than those in normal body weight group. The BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly positive correlated with periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Using a Multivariate logistic regression model, periodontitis correlates to BMI, WHR, serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and adipokines such as visfatin, leptin, and resistin. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is positively correlated with the aggravation of periodontitis. Obesity may aggravate the damage to periodontal tissue by regulating the secretion level of adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Dos Santos RM, Tsosura TVS, Belardi BE, Chaves-Neto AH, Chiba FY, Mattera MSDLC, Tessarin GWL, Bravo LT, Cintra LTA, Matsushita DH. Melatonin decreases plasma TNF-α and improves nonenzymatic antioxidant defence and insulin sensitivity in rats with apical periodontitis fed a high-fat diet. Int Endod J 2023; 56:164-178. [PMID: 36261317 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the effects of melatonin (ME) treatment on oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) in rats with apical periodontitis (AP) fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODOLOGY Eighty 60-day-old rats were divided into eight groups: control (CN), AP, HFD with AP (HFDAP), control with ME (CNME), AP with ME (APME), HFD with ME (HFDME) and HFD with AP+ME (HFDAPME). The animals from the HFD groups were fed a HFD throughout the experimental period. On day 7, the animals from the AP groups were subjected to experimental AP, and after 70 days, the ME groups were treated for 30 days. Glycaemia, insulinaemia, homeostatic model assessment for IR index, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 were analysed in plasma using biochemical tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl protein (CP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) were analysed in the gastrocnemius muscle. RESULTS (1) Association of AP and HDF exacerbated IR, and ME treatment improved this alteration; (2) AP and HFD and their association showed increased TNF-α, and ME reversed it; (3) TBARS increased in the AP and HFDAP groups, and ME reversed only in the group with the association of disease and diet; (4) CP increased in all HFD groups and improved in the ME groups; (5) GSH activity decreased in all experimental groups, and ME increased this parameter only in the CN and AP groups; (6) FRAP did not change between the groups, but ME treatment increased its activity in the AP and HFD groups; (7) ME increased SOD in the CN and AP groups. CONCLUSION Apical periodontitis and HFD promoted IR, and the association of AP with diet promoted IR exacerbation; this resistance might have been caused by an increase in TNF-α. AP promoted more intense changes in lipid oxidative damage than in protein oxidative damage. In non-enzymatic antioxidant defence, it was observed that both AP and HFD and their association promoted a decrease in GSH levels. Overall, ME treatment reversed changes such as oxidative stress and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Dos Santos
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Programa dePós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Thais Verônica Saori Tsosura
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Programa dePós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Bianca Elvira Belardi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Programa dePós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Programa dePós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF)/Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lara Teschi Bravo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Dóris Hissako Matsushita
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Melatonin decreases IRF-3 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle, reduces IL-1β and LPS plasma concentrations, and improves the lipid profile in rats with apical periodontitis fed on a high-fat diet. Odontology 2022:10.1007/s10266-022-00782-w. [PMID: 36567367 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of melatonin (MEL) on the expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4); myeloid differentiation primary response protein-88 (MyD88); TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF); IFN regulatory-factor-3 (IRF-3); nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB); plasma concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and lipid profile of rats with apical periodontitis (AP) fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). Eighty 60-day-old rats were divided into eight groups: control, AP, HFD, HFDAP, CNMEL, APMEL, HFDMEL and HFDAPMEL. HFD groups were fed on a HFD for 107 days. On day 7, experimental AP was induced in the AP groups, and after 70 days, MEL (5 mg/kg) was administered to the MEL groups for 30 days. Plasma concentrations of LPS and IL-1β were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the lipid profile was analyzed using biochemical tests. The expression of proteins involved in the TLR4 pathway (TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, IRF-3 and NF-κB) in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) was evaluated using western blotting and qRT-PCR. Treatment with MEL decreased IRF-3 protein expression in GM and IL-1β plasma concentration in the APMEL and HFDMEL groups. Reduction in LPS plasma concentration was reported only in the HFDMEL group. Additionally, a decrease in LDL and an increase in HDL were observed in the HFDMEL and HFDAPMEL groups. Treatment with MEL exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic effects attributed to HFD and AP by reducing the plasma concentrations of IL-1β and LPS in addition to reducing IRF-3 protein expression in the GM, which is associated with the production of inflammatory cytokines.
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Gonde NP, Rathod SR, Kolte AP. Comparative evaluation of 1% melatonin gel in the treatment of intrabony defect: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1878-1888. [PMID: 35238041 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of locally delivered 1% melatonin gel as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in treatment of intrabony defect in Stage III periodontitis, clinically, and radiographically using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS This split-mouth clinical trial randomly allotted 44 bilateral intrabony defect (in 22 patients) into two groups where Group I was treated with NSPT with locally delivered placebo gel while Group II was treated with NSPT with 1% melatonin gel. The intrabony defect fill measured from cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)-base of the defect (BD), and the difference in the measurement values of CEJ-BD from baseline to 6 months denoting the bone fill and bone volume evaluated at 6 months using CBCT were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures were change in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, and modified sulcus bleeding index recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS Both the study groups showed improvements in assessed parameters, however, a significant gain in intrabony defect fill was observed in Group II (1.46 ± 0.58) as compared with Group I (0.50 ± 0.38) and change in bone volume for Group I was 21.4645 ± 8.8980 mm3 and for Group II was 51.8418 ± 30.2329 mm3 with P < 0.0001.The mean reduction in PD and gain in CAL was 3.90 ± 0.78 and 2.94 ± 0.80 in Group II and in Group I it was 3.23 ± 0.90 and 1.96 ± 0.80 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The use of 1% melatonin gel as an adjunct to NSPT is more beneficial in achieving better clinical and radiographic outcome at 6 months which indicates that adjunct use of melatonin gel to NSPT as a local drug delivery is preferred when compared with NSPT and placebo gel alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur P Gonde
- Department of Periodontics & Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Center, Nagpur, India
| | - Surekha R Rathod
- Department of Periodontics & Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Center, Nagpur, India
| | - Abhay P Kolte
- Department of Periodontics & Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Center, Nagpur, India
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Wang C, Wang L, Wang X, Cao Z. Beneficial Effects of Melatonin on Periodontitis Management: Far More Than Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314541. [PMID: 36498871 PMCID: PMC9739298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis as a highly prevalent chronic infection/inflammatory disease can eventually lead to tooth loss and masticatory dysfunction. It also has a negative impact on general health and largely impairs quality of life. The tissue destruction during periodontitis is mainly caused by the excessive immune-inflammatory response; hence, how to modulate the host's reaction is of profound importance for effective periodontal treatment and tissue protection. Melatonin, as an endogenous hormone exhibiting multiple biological functions such as circadian rhythm regulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation, has been widely used in general healthcare. Notably, the past few years have witnessed increasing evidence for the application of melatonin as an adjunctive approach in the treatment of periodontitis and periodontitis-related systemic comorbidities. The detailed underlying mechanisms and more verification from clinical practice are still lacking, however, and further investigations are highly required. Importantly, it is essential to establish standard guidelines in the near future for the clinical administration of melatonin for periodontal health and general wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhong M, Huang J, Wu Z, Chan KG, Wang L, Li J, Lee LH, Law JWF. Potential Roles of Selectins in Periodontal Diseases and Associated Systemic Diseases: Could They Be Targets for Immunotherapy? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214280. [PMID: 36430760 PMCID: PMC9698067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are predisposing factors to the development of many systemic disorders, which is often initiated via leukocyte infiltration and vascular inflammation. These diseases could significantly affect human health and quality of life. Hence, it is vital to explore effective therapies to prevent disease progression. Periodontitis, which is characterized by gingival bleeding, disruption of the gingival capillary's integrity, and irreversible destruction of the periodontal supporting bone, appears to be caused by overexpression of selectins in periodontal tissues. Selectins (P-, L-, and E-selectins) are vital members of adhesion molecules regulating inflammatory and immune responses. They are mainly located in platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells. Furthermore, selectins are involved in the immunopathogenesis of vascular inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers, and so on, by mediating leukocyte recruitment, platelet activation, and alteration of endothelial barrier permeability. Therefore, selectins could be new immunotherapeutic targets for periodontal disorders and their associated systemic diseases since they play a crucial role in immune regulation and endothelium dysfunction. However, the research on selectins and their association with periodontal and systemic diseases remains limited. This review aims to discuss the critical roles of selectins in periodontitis and associated systemic disorders and highlights the potential of selectins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhong
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jiangyong Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (K.-G.C.); (L.-H.L.)
| | - Lijing Wang
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.-G.C.); (L.-H.L.)
| | - Jodi Woan-Fei Law
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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11
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Zhao P, Xu A, Leung WK. Obesity, Bone Loss, and Periodontitis: The Interlink. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070865. [PMID: 35883424 PMCID: PMC9313439 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and periodontitis are both common health concerns that have given rise to considerable economic and societal burden worldwide. There are established negative relationships between bone metabolism and obesity, obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM and periodontitis, to name a few, with osteoporosis being considered a long-term complication of obesity. In the oral cavity, bone metabolic disorders primarily display as increased risks for periodontitis and alveolar bone loss. Obesity-driven alveolar bone loss and mandibular osteoporosis have been observed in animal models without inoculation of periodontopathogens. Clinical reports have also indicated a possible association between obesity and periodontitis. This review systematically summarizes the clinical periodontium changes, including alveolar bone loss in obese individuals. Relevant laboratory-based reports focusing on biological interlinks in obesity-associated bone remodeling via processes like hyperinflammation, immune dysregulation, and microbial dysbiosis, were reviewed. We also discuss the potential mechanism underlying obesity-enhanced alveolar bone loss from both the systemic and periodontal perspectives, focusing on delineating the practical considerations for managing periodontal disease in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2859-0417
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12
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Zhang B, Chen T, Cao M, Yuan C, Reiter RJ, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Chen L, Fan W, Wang X, Zhou X, Li C. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Induced by Decreasing Endogenous Melatonin Mediates the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900132. [PMID: 35619714 PMCID: PMC9127079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle choices, external environment, aging, and other factors influence the synthesis of melatonin. Although the physiological functions of melatonin have been widely studied in relation to specific organs, the systemic effects of endogenous melatonin reduction has not been reported. This study evaluates the systemic changes and possible pathogenic risks in an endogenous melatonin reduction (EMR) mouse model deficient in the rate limiting enzyme in melatonin production, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat) gene. Using this model, we identified a new relationship between melatonin, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and gut microbiota. Systematic changes were evaluated using multi-omics analysis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to examine the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenic risks of EMR. EMR mice exhibited a pan-metabolic disorder, with significant transcriptome changes in 11 organs, serum metabolome alterations as well as microbiota dysbiosis. Microbiota dysbiosis was accompanied by increased gut permeability along with gut and systemic inflammation. Correlation analysis revealed that systemic inflammation may be related to the increase of Ruminiclostridium_5 relative abundance. 8-month-old EMR mice had AD-like phenotypes, including Iba-1 activation, A β protein deposition and decreased spatial memory ability. Moreover, EMR mice showed decreased anti stress ability, under high-fat diet, EMR mice had greater body weight and more obvious hepatic steatosis compared with WT group. FMT improved gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and AD-related phenotypes, while reducing obesity in EMR mice. Our findings suggest EMR causes systemic changes mediated by gut microbiota dysbiosis, which may be a pathogenic factor for AD and obesity, we further proved the gut microbiota is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of AD and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenfeng Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zijiao Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjing Fan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Küçük M, Aksoy U, Özer Şehirli A. Possible protective effects of the Bmal1 gene and melatonin on the prognosis of apical periodontitis. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Balaji TM, Varadarajan S, Jagannathan R, Mahendra J, Fageeh HI, Fageeh HN, Mushtaq S, Baeshen HA, Bhandi S, Gupta AA, Raj AT, Reda R, Patil S, Testarelli L. Melatonin as a Topical/Systemic Formulation for the Management of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092417. [PMID: 34066498 PMCID: PMC8124881 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To qualitatively and quantitatively review the use of melatonin as a topical/systemic formulation for the management of periodontitis. Materials and methods: PubMed; Scopus; and Web of Science databases were searched using the MesH terms “melatonin” and “periodontitis”. Title and abstracts were screened to eliminate irrelevant and duplicate articles. The full text data of the screened articles were assessed using the selection criteria. Results: Of 176 identified articles (PubMed-66; Scopus-56; Web of Science-52; Cross-reference-2), only 12 studies qualified to be included in the systematic review. Four studies assessed the independent effect of 1% topical melatonin formulation while 8 articles assessed the adjunctive use of systemic melatonin formulation (1–10 mg) following scaling and root planing (SRP). All studies showed an improvement in periodontal parameters such as pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, periodontal disease index, community periodontal index, gingival bleeding scores, and prognostic marker levels in saliva and serum. A meta-analysis of data from 2 studies revealed that 1–2 mg (systemic) melatonin supplementation reduced pocket depth; although the difference was not statistically significant and hence cannot be interpreted or used for conclusive evidence. Risk of Bias Assessment tool (RoBANS) and Cochrane Collaboration RoB tool elicited a high risk of bias in the included studies. GRADE (recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation) inferred a weak recommendation for the use of melatonin in periodontitis management. Conclusions: Melatonin supplementation (topical and systemic) in periodontitis patients improved key periodontal parameters including pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Clinical relevance: Melatonin could be a potential host modulatory agent for periodontitis management; although the data from the present review should be interpreted carefully due to the associated high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thodur Madapusi Balaji
- Department of Dentistry, Bharathiraja Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai 600017, India;
| | - Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | | | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600095, India;
| | - Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (H.N.F.)
| | - Hytham N. Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (H.N.F.)
| | - Shazia Mushtaq
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Archana A. Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India;
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; (S.V.); (A.T.R.)
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
| | - Shankaragouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.R.); (L.T.)
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Lu X, Yu S, Chen G, Zheng W, Peng J, Huang X, Chen L. Insight into the roles of melatonin in bone tissue and bone‑related diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:82. [PMID: 33760138 PMCID: PMC7979260 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone‑related diseases comprise a large group of common diseases, including fractures, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (OA), which affect a large number of individuals, particularly the elderly. The progressive destruction and loss of alveolar bone caused by periodontitis is a specific type of bone loss, which has a high incidence and markedly reduces the quality of life of patients. With the existing methods of prevention and treatment, the incidence and mortality of bone‑related diseases are still gradually increasing, creating a significant financial burden to societies worldwide. To prevent the occurrence of bone‑related diseases, delay their progression or reverse the injuries they cause, new alternative or complementary treatments need to be developed. Melatonin exerts numerous physiological effects, including inducing anti‑inflammatory and antioxidative functions, resetting circadian rhythms and promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. Melatonin also participates in the health management of bone and cartilage. In the present review, the potential roles of melatonin in the pathogenesis and progression of bone injury, osteoporosis, OA and periodontitis are summarized. Furthermore, the high efficiency and diversity of the physiological regulatory effects of melatonin are highlighted and the potential benefits of the use of melatonin for the clinical prevention and treatment of bone‑related diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Tavares BS, Tsosura TVS, Mattera MSLC, Santelli JO, Belardi BE, Chiba FY, Cintra LTA, Silva CC, Matsushita DH. Effects of melatonin on insulin signaling and inflammatory pathways of rats with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2021; 54:926-940. [PMID: 33411973 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To verify the effects of melatonin supplementation on insulin sensitivity, plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, insulin signalling and inflammatory pathways in the soleus (SM) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats with apical periodontitis (AP). METHODOLOGY Seventy-two Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: (a) control (C), (b) control supplemented with melatonin (M), (c) AP (AP), and (d) AP supplemented with melatonin (AP + M). AP was induced by pulp exposure of the maxillary and mandibular right first and second molars to the oral environment. After AP induction, oral supplementation with 5 mg kg-1 melatonin (diluted in drinking water) for 60 days was initiated. At the end of the treatment, the following were analysed: (1) plasma concentrations of insulin and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10) using ELISA kits; (2) glycaemia using enzymatic assay; (3) insulin resistance using homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index; and (4) phosphorylation status of pp185 tyrosine, Akt serine, IKKα/β, and JNK in SM and EDL using Western blot. Analysis of variance of two or three factors was performed, followed by the Bonferroni test. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS AP promoted insulin resistance, significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, impaired insulin signalling in SM, and increased IKKα/β phosphorylation status in SM and EDL. Melatonin supplementation in rats with AP improved insulin sensitivity, significantly decreased (P < 0.05) TNF-α and IL-1β, significantly increased (P < 0.05) IL-10 plasma concentrations, and changed the insulin signalling in soleus muscle and IKKα/β phosphorylation status in SM and EDL muscles. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin is a potent adjuvant treatment for improving apical periodontitis-associated changes in insulin sensitivity, insulin signalling and inflammatory pathways. In addition, the negative impact of AP on general health was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Tavares
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - T V S Tsosura
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - M S L C Mattera
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - J O Santelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - B E Belardi
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - F Y Chiba
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - L T A Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - C C Silva
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - D H Matsushita
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, PPGMCF, SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Effects of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium: Evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 123:105037. [PMID: 33440268 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Database research has revealed that melatonin has beneficial effects in pulpal and periodontal regeneration. Several studies reported protective effects of melatonin against inflammation in several organs including the heart, brain, and teeth. In addition to inflammation reduction, melatonin has been involved in tissue regeneration and wound healing. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies on the effects of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium. This review gives a thorough summary of the possible role of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium in connection with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Any contradictory evidence is also assessed. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for all research articles published before April 2020 with the search terms "melatonin" and "dental pulp". Articles with the search terms "melatonin", "periodontal disease" and "bone" published before October 2019 were also included. Non-English articles were excluded. RESULTS Melatonin has been shown to reduce inflammation, inhibit cell proliferation and regulate differentiation of pulp cells. Melatonin increased odontoblast activities, resulting in the differentiation in the dental pulp. However, melatonin did not initiate differentiation in undifferentiated pulp cells but seemed to have beneficial effects in periodontitis by promoting periodontium's wound healing. CONCLUSION Those findings suggest that melatonin could have beneficial effects on pulpal and periodontal cells under inflammatory conditions. However, discrepancies remain between in vitro and in vivo findings regarding the effect of melatonin on dental pulp and periodontium.
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18
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Sola VM, Aguilar JJ, Vazquez Mosquera AP, Carpentieri AR. Melatonin is an effective protector of gingival cells damaged by the cytotoxic effect of glutamate and DL-buthionine sulfoximine. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:154-161. [PMID: 32965035 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cellular damage related to oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in periodontal diseases (PD). Melatonin (MEL) has multiple functions, and it has been described as a potential treatment for PD. We aim at evaluating the protective effects of MEL on an in vitro model of cellular damage triggered by glutamate (GLUT) and DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), on gingival cells (GCs) in culture. MATERIAL AND METHODS A primary culture of GCs from Wistar rats was developed in order to test the protective property of MEL; BSO and GLUT were administered alone as well as in combination with MEL. The viability and apoptosis were measured with MTT assay and TUNEL, respectively, and the concentration of superoxide anion ( O 2 - ) was measured with the NBT method. RESULTS The combination of BSO and GLUT treatment resulted in a decreased viability of GCs. This was evidenced by the increase in both the production of superoxide anion and apoptosis. After MEL administration, the oxidant and pro-apoptotic effects of BSO and GLUT were totally counteracted. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that MEL has an effective protective role on GCs subjected to cellular damage in a model of OS and cytotoxicity triggered by BSO and GLUT. Consequently, MEL could be used as a therapeutic agent in PD which begin with a significative loss of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M Sola
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan J Aguilar
- Instituto Dr. José M.Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana P Vazquez Mosquera
- INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.,Cátedra "B" de Introducción a la Física y Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Agata R Carpentieri
- Cátedra "B" de Química Biológica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,INICSA/UNC-CONICET, Enrique Barros esquina Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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19
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Köse O, Kurt Bayrakdar S, Akyıldız K, Altın A, Arabacı T, Yemenoglu H, Zihni Korkmaz M, Köse TE, Türker Sener L, Mercantepe T, Tümkaya L, Yılmaz A. Melatonin ameliorates periodontitis-related inflammatory stress at cardiac left ventricular tissues in rats. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1486-1494. [PMID: 32279321 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this experimental rat study was to investigate the potential inflammatory effects of periodontitis on cardiac left ventricular tissue and the therapeutic activity of melatonin on these effects. METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental periodontitis (Ep), and Ep-melatonin (Ep-Mel). Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing and maintaining 3.0 silk ligatures at a peri marginal position on the left and right mandibular first molars for 5 weeks. Afterward, following the removal of ligatures, melatonin (10 mg/body weight) to Ep-Mel group, and vehicle (saline) to Ep and control groups were administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. On the first day of the eighth week, mandibular and cardiac left ventricular tissue samples were obtained following the euthanasia of the rats in all groups. Alveolar bone loss measurements were made on histological and microcomputed tomographic slices. Cardiac tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cardiac Troponin-T (cTnT) were evaluated by appropriate biochemical methods. RESULTS Measurements made on the histological and microcomputed tomographic slices showed that melatonin significantly limits the ligature-induced periodontal tissue destruction (P <0.01). In addition, melatonin was detected to cause a significant decrease of MDA, MMP-9, and cTnT levels which were found to be significantly higher on rats with Ep (P <0.05) while having no significant effect on antioxidant levels (GSH, SOD, and CAT) (P >0.05). CONCLUSION Melatonin might be regarded as an important supportive therapeutic agent to reduce the early degenerative changes and possible hypertrophic remodeling at cardiac left ventricular tissues provoked by periodontitis-related bacteria and/or periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Köse
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sevda Kurt Bayrakdar
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyıldız
- School of Healh Care Services Vocational, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altın
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Taner Arabacı
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yemenoglu
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Meltem Zihni Korkmaz
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Taha Emre Köse
- School of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Leyla Türker Sener
- School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tümkaya
- School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yılmaz
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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20
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Effects of melatonin on cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:521-536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Tinto M, Sartori M, Pizzi I, Verga A, Longoni S. Melatonin as host modulating agent supporting nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients affected by untreated severe periodontitis: A preliminary randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:61-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tinto
- Unit of Periodontology Santa Apollonia Dental Center Lazzate MB Italy
| | - Matteo Sartori
- Unit of Periodontology Santa Apollonia Dental Center Lazzate MB Italy
| | - Ileana Pizzi
- Unit of Periodontology Santa Apollonia Dental Center Lazzate MB Italy
| | - Alessandra Verga
- Unit of Periodontology Santa Apollonia Dental Center Lazzate MB Italy
| | - Salvatore Longoni
- Unit of Periodontology Santa Apollonia Dental Center Lazzate MB Italy
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