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Shoji A, Kudo K, Murashita K, Nakaji S, Igarashi A. Reduction in the incidence of cognitive impairment and related costs through an innovative health awareness programme in rural Japan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0311826. [PMID: 39401201 PMCID: PMC11472916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the impact of the Center of Healthy Aging Program (CHAP) on the cognitive function and economic burden associated with dementia. METHODS This observational study utilised Iwaki cohort data. We included participants with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores and categorised them into pre- and post-CHAP groups based on their year of entry into the cohort (before 2013 or after) (index year). We defined participants with suspected severe cognitive impairment and suspected mild cognitive impairment using their MMSE scores, with their incidence being the first observation meeting these definitions during the follow-up period. We compared the incidence rates between the pre- and post-CHAP groups using Cox proportional hazard analysis. Medical and caregiving costs were estimated based on the projected number of residents in Iwaki area with suspected mild cognitive impairment and sSCI during hypothetical 10 years of the CHAP implemented or not and compared. RESULTS Of the 2,569 participants, 1716 and 853 were included in the pre- and post-CHAP groups, respectively. The incidence rate of suspected mild cognitive impairment was significantly lower in the post-CHAP group even after adjusted known factors associated with cognitive disorders. No cases of suspected severe cognitive impairment occurred in the post-CHAP group during the follow-up period. Estimated costs of JPY 1,628,450 (USD 11562.00 or EUR 10259.24, JPY 100 = USD 0.71 or EUR 0.63) and JPY 789,560 (USD 5605.88 or EUR 4974.23) per person per year were projected after 10 years with and without the CHAP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a reduction in the incidence rate of suspected mild cognitive impairment among residents who participated in the CHAP and a decrease in the medical and caregiving costs associated with suspected severe cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Shoji
- Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Healthcare Consulting Inc., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kudo
- Center of Healthy Aging Innovation, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City, Aomori, Japan
- Integrated Clinical Care Informatics Inc., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Murashita
- Center of Healthy Aging Innovation, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Center of Healthy Aging Innovation, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City, Aomori, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ataru Igarashi
- Department of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Watanabe T, Tamiya N. Utilization of Japanese long-term care-related data including Kaigo-DB: An analysis of current trends and future directions. Glob Health Med 2024; 6:63-69. [PMID: 38450118 PMCID: PMC10912809 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite high expectations from the government and researchers regarding data utilization, comprehensive analysis of long-term care (LTC)-related data use has been limited. This study reviewed the use of LTC-related data, including Kaigo-DB, in Japan after 2020. There was an increase in studies using LTC-related data in Japan between 2020 and 2021, followed by a stabilization period. The national government provided 13.5% of this data (6.5% from Kaigo-DB), while prefectures and municipalities contributed 85.2%, and facilities provided 1.3%. The linked data used in 90.4% of the studies primarily consisted of original questionnaire or interview surveys (34.6%) and medical claims (34.0%). None of the studies based on Kaigo-DB utilized linked data. In terms of study design, cohort studies were the most common (84.6%), followed by descriptive (5.1%), cross-sectional (3.2%), and case-control studies (1.3%). Among the 138 individual-based analytical descriptive studies, the most frequently used LTC-related data as an exposure was LTC services (26.8%), and the most common data used as an outcome was LTC certification or care need level (43.5%), followed by the independence degree of daily living for the older adults with dementia (18.1%). To enhance the use of LTC-related data, especially the valuable national Kaigo-DB, insights can be gleaned from how researchers effectively utilize municipal and prefectural data. Streamlining access to Kaigo-DB and enabling its linkage with other datasets are promising for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Watanabe
- Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nanako Tamiya
- Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Miladitiya A, Juniarto AZ, Nugrohowati AK, Winarni TI. The Role of Body Mass Index, Advanced Age, and Low Educational Attainment in Mild Cognitive Impairment among the Older Adult Population: A Study in a Rural Area in Indonesia. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 42:144-160. [PMID: 37610863 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2023.2249835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and factors associated with MCI among older adults in a rural area of Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of East Java, Indonesia. Four hundred and twenty-seven older adults aged ≥60 years were included in the study. MCI was assessed using the Brain Health Test Cognitive Tool. Data related to possible risk factors were obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. The indirect body mass index was determined based on ulnar length. The prevalence of MCI was 12.9%. Being underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) (odds ratio [OR], 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-4.97; p = 0.016), requiring assistance to manage money or medications (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.02-7.23; p = 0.045), age ≥70 years (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.11-5.60; p = 0.026), and having an educational attainment of ≤6 years (OR, 4.92; 95% CI, 1.92-12.60; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with MCI. In this Indonesian older adult population, underweight people who had an educational attainment of <6 years, those aged ≥70 years, and those who needed assistance to manage money or medications were more likely to have MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aulia Miladitiya
- Magister of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Zulfa Juniarto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Annta Kern Nugrohowati
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Tri Indah Winarni
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
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4
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Maki K, Ohara T, Hata J, Shibata M, Hirabayashi N, Honda T, Sakata S, Furuta Y, Akiyama M, Yamasaki K, Tatewaki Y, Taki Y, Kitazono T, Mikami T, Maeda T, Ono K, Mimura M, Nakashima K, Iga JI, Takebayashi M, Ninomiya T. CKD, Brain Atrophy, and White Matter Lesion Volume: The Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia. Kidney Med 2023; 5:100593. [PMID: 36874508 PMCID: PMC9982615 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Chronic kidney disease, defined by albuminuria and/or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), has been reported to be associated with brain atrophy and/or higher white matter lesion volume (WMLV), but there are few large-scale population-based studies assessing this issue. This study aimed to examine the associations between the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and eGFR levels and brain atrophy and WMLV in a large-scale community-dwelling older population of Japanese. Study Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Setting & Participants A total of 8,630 dementia-free community-dwelling Japanese aged greater than or equal to 65 years underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning and screening examination of health status in 2016-2018. Exposures UACR and eGFR levels. Outcomes The total brain volume (TBV)-to-intracranial volume (ICV) ratio (TBV/ICV), the regional brain volume-to-TBV ratio, and the WMLV-to-ICV ratio (WMLV/ICV). Analytical Approach The associations of UACR and eGFR levels with the TBV/ICV, the regional brain volume-to-TBV ratio, and the WMLV/ICV were assessed by using an analysis of covariance. Results Higher UACR levels were significantly associated with lower TBV/ICV and higher geometric mean values of the WMLV/ICV (P for trend = 0.009 and <0.001, respectively). Lower eGFR levels were significantly associated with lower TBV/ICV, but not clearly associated with WMLV/ICV. In addition, higher UACR levels, but not lower eGFR, were significantly associated with lower temporal cortex volume-to-TBV ratio and lower hippocampal volume-to-TBV ratio. Limitations Cross-sectional study, misclassification of UACR or eGFR levels, generalizability to other ethnicities and younger populations, and residual confounding factors. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that higher UACR was associated with brain atrophy, especially in the temporal cortex and hippocampus, and with increased WMLV. These findings suggest that chronic kidney disease is involved in the progression of morphologic brain changes associated with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Maki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hirabayashi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamasaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Department of Preemptive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Maeda
- Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakashima
- National Hospital Organization, Matsue Medical Center, Shimane, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Ikeuchi T, Kanda M, Kitamura H, Morikawa F, Toru S, Nishimura C, Kasuga K, Tokutake T, Takahashi T, Kuroha Y, Miyazawa N, Tanaka S, Utsumi K, Ono K, Yano S, Hamano T, Naruse S, Yajima R, Kawashima N, Kaneko C, Tachibana H, Yano Y, Kato Y, Toue S, Jinzu H, Kitamura A, Yokoyama Y, Kaneko E, Yamakado M, Nagao K. Decreased circulating branched-chain amino acids are associated with development of Alzheimer's disease in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1040476. [PMID: 36590218 PMCID: PMC9794986 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional epidemiology has shown that inadequate dietary protein intake is associated with poor brain function in the elderly population. The plasma free amino acid (PFAA) profile reflects nutritional status and may have the potential to predict future changes in cognitive function. Here, we report the results of a 2-year interim analysis of a 3-year longitudinal study following mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants. Method In a multicenter prospective cohort design, MCI participants were recruited, and fasting plasma samples were collected. Based on clinical assessment of cognitive function up to 2 years after blood collection, MCI participants were divided into two groups: remained with MCI or reverted to cognitively normal ("MCI-stable," N = 87) and converted to Alzheimer's disease (AD) ("AD-convert," N = 68). The baseline PFAA profile was compared between the two groups. Stratified analysis based on apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele possession was also conducted. Results Plasma concentrations of all nine essential amino acids (EAAs) were lower in the AD-convert group. Among EAAs, three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), valine, leucine and isoleucine, and histidine (His) exhibited significant differences even in the logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and APOE ε4 possession (p < 0.05). In the stratified analysis, differences in plasma concentrations of these four EAAs were more pronounced in the APOE ε4-negative group. Conclusion The PFAA profile, especially decreases in BCAAs and His, is associated with development of AD in MCI participants, and the difference was larger in the APOE ε4-negative population, suggesting that the PFAA profile is an independent risk indicator for AD development. Measuring the PFAA profile may have importance in assessing the risk of AD conversion in the MCI population, possibly reflecting nutritional status. Clinical trial registration [https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000025322], identifier [UMIN000021965].
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Takeshi Ikeuchi,
| | - Mayuka Kanda
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kitamura
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Asahikawa Keisenkai Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shuta Toru
- Department of Neurology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tokutake
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Yasuko Kuroha
- Department of Neurology, Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miyazawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kofu Neurosurgical Hospital, Kofu, Japan
| | | | - Kumiko Utsumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Sunagawa, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yano
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naruse
- Department of Neurology, Midori Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yajima
- Department of Neurology, Midori Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yuki Yano
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kato
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sakino Toue
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Jinzu
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Yokoyama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Kaneko
- Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Nagao
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan,*Correspondence: Kenji Nagao,
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6
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Jacob L, Smith L, Koyanagi A, Konrad M, Haro JM, Shin JI, Kostev K. Sex-Differential Associations Between Body Mass Index and the Incidence of Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:631-639. [PMID: 35662122 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the sex differences in the association between body mass index (BMI) and dementia in late life. OBJECTIVE Therefore, this retrospective cohort study aimed to analyze associations between BMI and dementia in older women and men separately in general practices in Germany. METHODS This study included patients followed in one of 832 general practices in Germany between 2006 and 2019 (index date: first visit date). Study variables included dementia (dependent variable), BMI (independent variable), age, sex, and comorbidities (control variables). Kaplan-Meier curves and adjusted Cox regression analyses were conducted to analyze associations between BMI and the 10-year incidence of dementia in women and men, separately. RESULTS There were 296,767 patients included in this study (mean [standard deviation] age 70.2 [5.9] years; 54.3% women). The proportion of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity was 0.9%, 25.5%, 41.5%, and 32.1%, respectively. The 10-year incidence of dementia significantly decreased with increasing BMI, from 11.5% in women with underweight to 9.1% in those with obesity (log-rank p < 0.001). Respective figures in men were 12.0% and 8.2% (log-rank p < 0.001). In women, only overweight (versus normal weight) was significantly associated with dementia (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88-0.97). In contrast, in men, the only BMI category significantly associated with the incidence of dementia was underweight (HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.11-2.25). CONCLUSION In this study conducted in Germany, overweight was negatively associated with dementia in women, whereas there was a positive underweight-dementia relationship in men. More data are needed to confirm or refute these findings in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Konrad
- Health & Social, FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Lei Q, Tian H, Xiao Z, Wu W, Liang X, Zhao Q, Ding D, Deng W. Association Between Body Mass Index and Incident Dementia Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Shanghai Aging Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:919-929. [PMID: 35147546 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dementia is inconclusive. Undesirable loss of fat-free mass is a risk factor for cognitive decline while obesity is also a risk factor for cardio-metabolic disorders among the older adults. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between BMI and incident all-cause dementia among Chinese older adults using a prospective study. METHODS Participants were 1,627 community residents aged 60 or older without dementia from the Shanghai Aging Study. Cox regression models, incorporated with restricted cubic splines, were used to explore a nonlinear association between baseline BMI and risk of all-cause dementia as measured by hazard ratio (HR) using both frequentist and Bayesian approach. RESULTS We diagnosed 136 incident dementia cases during the mean follow-up of 5.3 years. Compared with moderate BMI (18.5-24.0 kg/m2), low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2) were related to an increased risk of dementia with the HR as 3.38 (95% CI 1.50-7.63), while high BMI (≥24.0 kg/m2) showed a decreased risk of dementia without statistical significance (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.39). Sensitivity analysis in participants without central obesity indicated that the association was still significant with even higher HR. Bayesian approach presented the similar results. CONCLUSION Our result indicates that low BMI may contribute to high risk of incident dementia, even in individuals without central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Lei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongdou Tian
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhenxu Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Arafa A, Kokubo Y, Kashima R, Teramoto M, Sakai Y, Nosaka S, Nakao YM, Watanabe E. The Lifelong Health Support 10: a Japanese prescription for a long and healthy life. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:23. [PMID: 35675977 PMCID: PMC9251624 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the age-adjusted incidence and mortality of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been decreasing steadily in Japan, both diseases remain major contributors to morbidity and mortality along with the aging society. Herein, we aim to provide a prescription of 10 health tips for long and healthy life named the "Lifelong Health Support 10 (LHS10)." METHOD The LHS10 was developed by the preventive medicine specialists at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Suita, where it has been used for health guidance to prevent CVD, cancer, and cognitive decline in addition to their major risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. It consisted of the lifestyle modification recommendations of the 2014 Japanese Society of Hypertension guidelines and the 2017 Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for preventing atherosclerotic CVD. Further, it came in line with other international lifestyle modification guidelines. In this narrative review, we summarized the results of several Japanese epidemiological studies investigating the association between the LHS10 items and the risk of cancer, CVD, and other chronic diseases including dementia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. RESULTS The LHS10 included avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, engaging in physical activity, refraining from excessive alcohol drinking, reducing fried foods and sugary soft drinks, cutting salt in food, consuming more vegetables, fruits, fish, soy foods, and fibers, and maintaining proper body weight. All items of the LHS10 were shown to reduce the risk of cancer, CVD, and other chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS The LHS10 can be a helpful tool for health guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Rena Kashima
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masayuki Teramoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukie Sakai
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Saya Nosaka
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Youko M. Nakao
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Emi Watanabe
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Nara, Japan
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9
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Ozato N, Saitou S, Yamaguchi T, Katashima M, Misawa M, Jung S, Mori K, Kawada H, Katsuragi Y, Mikami T, Nakaji S. Association between Visceral Fat and Brain Structural Changes or Cognitive Function. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081036. [PMID: 34439655 PMCID: PMC8391376 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral fat accumulation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Visceral fat is a causal risk factor for hypertension and type 2 diabetes, which was reported as one of the risk factors for dementia. Visceral fat areas (VFA) might be clinically important to prevent dementia; however, the association between VFA and cognitive function in the elderly remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between brain structural abnormalities using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and VFA, and the association between cognitive function and VFA, in the elderly. A total of 2364 healthy individuals were enrolled, and we excluded those diagnosed with dementia. Participants were divided into a high-VFA and a low-VFA group based on median VFA. The high-VFA group had significantly lower cognitive function than the low-VFA group (p = 0.025), after adjustment for related factors using a linear regression model. Regarding brain structure in MRI, VFA remained significantly associated with white matter lesions (odds ratio (OR), 1.90; 95% confidence interval (1.33-2.70); adjusted p < 0.001) and perivascular space (OR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval (1.02-1.61); adjusted p = 0.033). Further follow-up studies are needed, but reducing visceral fat might be important, not only to prevent cardiovascular disease but also to prevent dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ozato
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)172-39-5041
| | - Shinnichiro Saitou
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan;
| | - Tohru Yamaguchi
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Katashima
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Mina Misawa
- COI Research Initiatives Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Songee Jung
- COI Research Initiatives Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Kenta Mori
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiromitsu Kawada
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoshihisa Katsuragi
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan;
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10
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Yokomichi H, Mochizuki M, Hirata M, Nagai A, Kojima R, Horiuchi S, Ooka T, Akiyama Y, Shinohara R, Miyake K, Yamagata Z. All-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in underweight patients with diabetic nephropathy: BioBank Japan cohort. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1425-1429. [PMID: 33340268 PMCID: PMC8354489 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine mortality risk in underweight patients with diabetic nephropathy for microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. We analyzed mortality and death-cause data from BioBank Japan, with baseline years 2003-2007. We analyzed mortality rates from all causes and ischemic heart disease, according to body mass index (<18.5, 18.5-21.9, 22-24.9 and ≥25 kg/m2 ). The mean (standard deviation) of patient age, body mass index, and glycated hemoglobin at enrollment was 61.6 years (11.7 years), 25.0 kg/m2 (4.4 kg/m2 ) and 7.7% (1.5%), respectively. Hazard ratios of all-cause and ischemic heart disease mortality were highest (1.79 [P = 0.0001] and 2.95 [P = 0.027], respectively) in patients with body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 , as compared with body mass index 22-24.9 kg/m2 . All-cause mortality risk for body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 was similar to that for current smokers (hazard ratio 1.70, P < 0.0001). Underweight could be a predictor of mortality risk in patients with diabetic nephropathy for microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mie Mochizuki
- University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagai
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiji Kojima
- University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | - Tadao Ooka
- University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuka Akiyama
- University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | - Kunio Miyake
- University of Yamanashi, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
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- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Tamaki Y, Hiratsuka Y, Kumakawa T. Risk Factors for Dementia Incidence Based on Previous Results of the Specific Health Checkups in Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040491. [PMID: 33213100 PMCID: PMC7712562 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a common disease in elderly people, with its prevalence expanding rapidly worldwide. Longitudinal and cohort studies on lifestyle and health conditions are needed to identify the risk of dementia. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for dementia incidence in Japan and to clarify the strategy for its primary care. In this study, an analysis was performed to investigate the association between the cognitive faculty level of the long-term care certification survey and the previous results of the specific health checkups in Japan. To investigate the risk factor for dementia incidence, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, which showed a significant odds ratio for the incidence of dementia for two items, including abdominal circumference and insulin injections or oral hypoglycemic medications. The findings of our study suggested that a lower abdominal circumference had a higher risk for dementia incidence, and individuals who received insulin injections or oral hypoglycemic medications had a higher risk for dementia incidence based on the results of the health checkups conducted 10 years previously. Further, longer duration study with a larger sample is needed to identify the items from the specific health checkups that are associated with the risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Tamaki
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-48-458-6111
| | - Yoshimune Hiratsuka
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kumakawa
- Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan; (Y.H.); (T.K.)
- The University of Fukuchiyama, Kyoto 620-0886, Japan
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12
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Haruyama K, Yokomichi H, Yamagata Z. Farm working experience could reduce late-life dependency duration among Japanese older adults: The Yamanashi Healthy-Active Life Expectancy cohort study based on the STROBE guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22248. [PMID: 32957372 PMCID: PMC7505340 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advance of medical care, the duration of dependency on nursing care in later life has increased worldwide. There is a question of whether farm work could extend or shorten the dependency duration. We investigated the association between farm work experience and the duration of dependency on nursing support or care in late life.We randomly selected 600 adults aged ≥65 years, who were independent and not hospitalized, as part of the Yamanashi Healthy-Active Life Expectancy cohort and followed them for 13 years. We defined the duration of dependency as the time from reception of long-term care insurance benefits to death, and we adjusted for multiple covariates.We analyzed data from 225 adults (139 men and 86 women) who died during the follow-up period. Ninety four had received long-term care benefits. Mean age was 79.6 years (standard deviation [SD]: 6.3) in individuals with farm work experience and 80.1 years (SD: 7.2) in individuals without farm work experience. The estimated duration of dependency on long-term care was 1.3 years (standard error [SE]: 0.4) in individuals with farm work experience vs 2.1 years (SE: 0.5) in individuals without farm work experience (P = .01). The estimated duration of dependency in individuals with farm work experience and without farm work experience was 0.4 years (SE: 0.5) vs 1.3 years (SE: 0.6) in men respectively (P = .03) and 1.6 years (SE: 0.9) vs 2.4 years (SE: 0.9) in women, respectively (P = .16). The sensitivity analysis yielded an estimated duration of 1.2 years (SE: 0.5) in those with farm work experience and 2.3 years (SE: 0.5) in those without farm work experience (P = .004).Individuals with farm work experience required less long-term care prior to death, suggesting that agricultural and physical activities promote health. Policymakers focusing on preventing the need for nursing care in older populations could consider promoting farming or gardening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Haruyama
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Iryo Sosei University, 5-5-1 Chuodai Iino, Iwaki City, Fukushima
| | - Hiroshi Yokomichi
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi, Japan
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Garrett MD. Multiple Causes of Dementia as Engineered Senescence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 2. [DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
All traumas—cranial, cardiovascular, hormone, viral, bacterial, fungi, parasites, misfolded protein, genetic, behavior, environmental and medication—affect the brain. This paper itemizes studies showing the many different causes of dementia including Alzheimer’s disease. Causes interact with each other, act sequentially by preparing the optimal conditions for its successor, initiate other diseases, allow for other traumas to accumulate and degrade protective features of the brain. Since such age-related cognitive impairment is not exclusively a human attribute there might be support for an evolutionary theory of dementia. Relying on theories of antagonistic pleiotropy and polymorphism, the brain has been designed to sequester trauma. Because of increased longevity, the short-term tactic of sequestering trauma becomes a long-term liability. We are engineered to sequester these insults until a tipping point is reached. Dementia is an evolutionary trade-off for longevity. We cannot cure dementia without understanding the overall biology of aging.
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