1
|
Badenes-Sastre M, Beltrán-Morillas AM, Expósito F. Absence Versus Presence of Intimate Partner Violence in a Sample of Spanish Women: Conflict Resolution Strategies and Associated Variables. Violence Against Women 2024; 30:832-853. [PMID: 36628445 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221147907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Through two studies (N = 544 women), the role of types of relational problems (absence vs. presence of intimate partner violence [IPV]) in the use of conflict resolution strategies (exit and loyalty) was analyzed, considering the serial mediating effect of dependency and commitment and the moderating effect of benevolent sexism. The main results showed that higher scores in dependency and commitment predicted less use of exit strategies among women who reported IPV. No significant results were found regarding loyalty strategy and benevolent sexism. Ultimately, implications for women's perceived risk of future violence were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Badenes-Sastre
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M Beltrán-Morillas
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Expósito
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bornstein RF, Thomson SM. Intrapersonal dynamics of closeness versus distance: Qualities of the self-concept distinguish destructive overdependence, dysfunctional detachment, and healthy dependency. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:306-322. [PMID: 37882635 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People vary in the degree to which they affiliate with others; exaggerated efforts maintain interpersonal closeness versus distance are codified in longstanding categorical models of personality pathology, and in contemporary dimensional frameworks as well. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between destructive overdependence (DO), dysfuntional detachment (DD), and healthy dependency (HD) and qualities of the self-concept. METHOD A mixed-sex sample of 229 adults completed the Relationship Profile Test to assess DO, DD, and HD, and the Object Relations Inventory (ORI) to assess qualities of the self-concept. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Analyses indicated that (1) the ORI Strong dimension was uniquely predictive of DO (inversely related); (2) ORI Warm and Nurturing were unique predictors of DD (both inversely related); and (3) ORI Nurturing and Successful were unique predictors of HD. This study illuminates key intrapersonal features of these three personality styles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Bornstein
- Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
| | - Shannon M Thomson
- Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antuña E, Potes Y, Baena-Huerta FJ, Cachán-Vega C, Menéndez-Coto N, Álvarez Darriba E, Fernández-Fernández M, Burgos Bencosme N, Bermúdez M, López Álvarez EM, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Boga JA, Caballero B, Vega-Naredo I, Coto-Montes A, Garcia-Gonzalez C. NLRP3 Contributes to Sarcopenia Associated to Dependency Recapitulating Inflammatory-Associated Muscle Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1439. [PMID: 38338718 PMCID: PMC10855188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a complex and debilitating condition characterized by progressive deterioration of skeletal muscle, is the primary cause of age-associated disability and significantly impacts healthspan in elderly patients. Despite its prevalence among the aging population, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still under investigation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is crucial in the innate immune response and has a significant impact on diseases related to inflammation and aging. Here, we investigated the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle and peripheral blood of dependent and independent patients who underwent hip surgery. Patients were categorized into independent and dependent individuals based on their Barthel Index. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components was significantly upregulated in sarcopenic muscle from dependent patients, accompanied by higher levels of Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-6. Among older dependent individuals with sarcopenia, there was a significant increase in the MYH3/MYH2 ratio, indicating a transcriptional shift in expression from mature to developmental myosin isoforms. Creatine kinase levels and senescence markers were also higher in dependent patients, altogether resembling dystrophic diseases and indicating muscle degeneration. In summary, we present evidence for the involvement of the NLRP3/ASC/NEK7/Caspase-1 inflammasome pathway with activation of pro-inflammatory SASP in the outcome of sarcopenia in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Antuña
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Cachán-Vega
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nerea Menéndez-Coto
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Bermúdez
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva María López Álvarez
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Boga
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Traslacional, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Research Group OSKAR, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jalil-Abkenar SS. Triple-P: Interaction of mother-adolescent with intellectual and developmental disability. J Intellect Disabil 2023:17446295231224125. [PMID: 38129746 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231224125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a Positive Parenting Program (Triple-P) on the interaction of the mother-adolescent with intellectual disability. The pre-test and post-test randomized experimental design was used for this research. Thirty-four mothers of adolescents with intellectual disability took part in the present research and were assigned to experimental and control groups, each comprised of 17 people. The experimental group took part in an 8-session Triple-P and each session lasted 75 minutes, but the control group did not participate in this intervention. The data were analyzed using MANCOVA. The findings revealed that Triple-P intervention significantly influenced dependency, closeness, conflict, and positive interaction between the mother and the child with intellectual disability. The present study emphasized that Triple-P will improve the interaction of mother-adolescent with intellectual disability; therefore, Triple-P is a useful intervention.
Collapse
|
5
|
Järbrink H, Forsberg A, Erhag HF, Lundälv J, Bjerså K, Engström M. Recovering from physical trauma in late life, a struggle to recapture autonomy: A grounded theory study. J Adv Nurs 2023. [PMID: 38130055 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to explore the experiences of care and recovery among older patients treated for physical trauma. DESIGN A qualitative study with a constructivist grounded theory design. METHODS Fifteen in-depth interviews with older adults recovering from physical trauma were conducted and analysed between 2019 and 2023, in accordance with grounded theory methodology. RESULTS The findings show that for older patients who suffered physical trauma, the core category was the strive to recapture autonomy. This was achieved by means of Adaptation, Reflection and Interactions, which constitute the three main categories. Recovery involves facing and navigating various new life challenges, such as increased dependency on others, managing difficult symptoms and adapting in various ways to everyday life. The recovery process was influenced by fear, hope and the attitude towards new challenges. CONCLUSION Older adults being cared for after a traumatic event have a difficult path to recovery ahead of them. Dealing with increased unwanted dependency on others was a main concern for the participants. Undertreated symptoms can lead to undesired isolation, delayed recovery and further increase unwanted dependency. On the other hand, hope, which was defined as having a positive approach to life and longing for the future, was a strong accelerating factor in the recovery process. IMPACT As a result of this study, we have established that older patients experience the initial period after trauma as difficult and that support in the initial phase can be helpful when returning home. As healthcare services are under increasing pressure because of an ageing population, this study contributes by addressing an understudied population and clarifying their concerns. REPORTING METHOD Reporting adheres to the COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) Checklist. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Järbrink
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery Sahlgrenska, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Forsberg
- Institute of Health Sciences, Lund university, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hanna Falk Erhag
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Lundälv
- Department of Social Work, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Unit of Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Bjerså
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Primary Care, Närhälsan Majorna, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - My Engström
- Department of Surgery Sahlgrenska, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Snider SB, Temkin NR, Barber J, Edlow BL, Giacino JT, Hammond FM, Izzy S, Kowalski RG, Markowitz AJ, Rovito CA, Shih SL, Zafonte RD, Manley GT, Bodien YG. Predicting Functional Dependency in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: A TBI-Model Systems and TRACK-TBI Study. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:1008-1023. [PMID: 37470289 PMCID: PMC10799195 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is not currently possible to predict long-term functional dependency in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our objective was to fit and externally validate a prediction model for 1-year dependency in patients with DoC ≥ 2 weeks after TBI. METHODS We included adults with TBI enrolled in TBI Model Systems (TBI-MS) or Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) studies who were not following commands at rehabilitation admission or 2 weeks post-injury, respectively. We fit a logistic regression model in TBI-MS and validated it in TRACK-TBI. The primary outcome was death or dependency at 1 year post-injury, defined using the Disability Rating Scale. RESULTS In the TBI-MS Discovery Sample, 1,960 participants (mean age 40 [18] years, 76% male, 68% white) met inclusion criteria, and 406 (27%) were dependent 1 year post-injury. In a TBI-MS held out cohort, the dependency prediction model's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (95% CI 0.74-0.85), positive predictive value was 53% and negative predictive value was 86%. In the TRACK-TBI external validation (n = 124, age 40 [16] years, 77% male, 81% white), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.66 (0.53, 0.79), equivalent to the standard IMPACTcore + CT score (p = 0.8). INTERPRETATION We developed a 1-year dependency prediction model using the largest existing cohort of patients with DoC after TBI. The sensitivity and negative predictive values were greater than specificity and positive predictive values. Accuracy was diminished in an external sample, but equivalent to the IMPACT model. Further research is needed to improve dependency prediction in patients with DoC after TBI. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1008-1023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Snider
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy R. Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason Barber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian L. Edlow
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T. Giacino
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Flora M. Hammond
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Saef Izzy
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert G. Kowalski
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora CO, USA
| | | | - Craig A. Rovito
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shirley L. Shih
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ross D. Zafonte
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Geoffrey T. Manley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA USA
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Yelena G. Bodien
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dorner Z. Unnamed, not unskilled: Toward a new labor history of pharmacy. Hist Sci 2023; 61:522-545. [PMID: 38037374 DOI: 10.1177/00732753231187477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
By recovering the dependent, often enslaved, laborers who helped to make European medicines commercially available in the New England colonies, this article offers a new history of early American pharmaceutical knowledge and production. It does so by considering the life and labor of an unnamed, enslaved assistant who was said to make tinctures, elixirs, and other common remedies in a 1758 letter between two business partners, Silvester Gardiner, a successful surgeon and apothecary in Boston, Massachusetts, and William Jepson, his former apprentice, in Hartford, Connecticut. Using strategies from slavery and critical archive studies, as well as from social history and the history of medicine, this article emphasizes the materiality and embodiment of pharmaceutical production and follows fragmentary evidence beyond the business archive to reverse the systemic erasure of enslaved and indentured laborers from the records of eighteenth-century manufacturers of medicines. The medicine trades of men like Gardiner and Jepson appear more reliant upon dependent laborers - named and unnamed - who not only performed rote tasks but brought their experience and judgment to their labors as well. Their contributions could be obviously medical (preparing remedies) or more ambiguous (stoking fires, shipping goods), but these actions together constituted early modern pharmacy, enabled the expansion of the transatlantic medicine trade, and laid the foundations for the more self-sufficient and industrialized pharmacy that developed in the nineteenth century. Centering the skill and knowledge among subordinated laborers in one facet of an emergent transatlantic care economy affirms the entanglement of slavery and science and underscores the necessity of asking new questions of old sources.
Collapse
|
8
|
Alalalmeh SO, Hegazi OE, Shahwan M, Alshehri FS, Ashour AM, Algarni AS, Alorfi NM. Amphetamines in child medicine: a review of ClinicalTrials.gov. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1280562. [PMID: 37854716 PMCID: PMC10579567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1280562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Globally, the use of amphetamines as therapeutic agents in pediatric medicine is a crucial area of concern, especially given the population's vulnerability. Methods: On 6 August 2023, a search was conducted on ClinicalTrials.gov using "amphetamine" as the keyword. Two independent examiners screened trials against set criteria, including a focus on amphetamine, completion status, an interventional approach, and included children. Ongoing or observational studies were excluded. Data extracted from the qualified trials encompassed primary objectives, participant counts, study duration, and outcomes, with the aim of analyzing children disorders treated by amphetamine. Results: On 6 August 2023, a search of the ClinicalTrials.gov database with the term "amphetamines" identified 179 clinical trials. After extensive exclusion criteria, 19 trials were ultimately selected for analysis. The predominant condition under investigation was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), present in 84.2% of studies. Key study characteristics included: phase 4 trials (36.8%), randomized allocation (63.2%), and the parallel intervention model (42.1%). Masking techniques varied, with no masking in 42.1% of studies, and double and quadruple masking both accounting for 21.1%. Geographically, 78.9% of the studies' participants were from the United States. Conclusion: This study highlights the notable therapeutic potential of amphetamines in pediatric ADHD populations and emphasizes the importance of recognizing potential side effects and addiction risks. As pharmacogenomics offers the prospect of personalized treatments, there is potential to increase therapeutic efficacy and decrease adverse reactions. It is vital to balance these benefits against the inherent risks, understanding the need for continued research to optimize the use of amphetamines in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer O. Alalalmeh
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar E. Hegazi
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad S. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanood S. Algarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Alorfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Noghan N, Sadri M, Hejazi SS, Noghan N, Jalilv M, Shirahmadi S. Nursing Performance and Smartphone Use in Clinical Settings. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2023; 27:286-292. [PMID: 38390489 PMCID: PMC10880827 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_107_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between smartphone dependency and its effect on clinical tasks of nurses in educational and medical centers of Hamadan, in western Iran. Method In this cross-sectional study, 248 nurses were selected via the proportional allocation sampling method. The required data were collected using a self-report, reliable and validated questionnaire, covering patterns of smartphone use, smartphone dependency, effects of smartphone dependency, and influence of smartphone on the clinical performance of nurses. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Results The average age of the participants was 30.43 (± 5.68) years. The average smartphone dependency, effects of smartphone dependency, and clinical performance of the examined nurses were, respectively, 38.65 (20.93), 20.78 (13.90), and 29.48 (10.03). Clinical performance of nurses decreased with age (P = 0.02) and increase of smartphone dependency (P = 0.02), effects of smartphone dependency (P ≤ 0.001), and smartphone use while working (P ≤ 0.001). Higher work experience (P = 0.02) and the application of smartphone multiple capabilities (P = 0.02) had positive effects on the clinical performance of the examined nurses. Conclusions The results of this study indicated that using smartphones affects the clinical performance of nurses, and if not well managed, it can lead to some physical, psychological, and social problems for the individual nurse, patients, and society. Thus, training nurses and developing regulations for the use of smartphones in the workplace must be considered by the relevant authorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Noghan
- Department of Nursing, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Mohadese Sadri
- Department of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sima Sadat Hejazi
- Department of Nursing, Bojnurd Faculty of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nima Noghan
- Department of Vocational Technical University, Technical and Vocational School No. 2, Hamedan (Shahid Jabbarian), Iran
| | - Meysam Jalilv
- Department of Nursing, Asadabad University of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shirahmadi
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Centers, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rinaldi T, Castelli I, Palena N, Greco A, Pianta R, Marchetti A, Valle A. The representation of child-parent relation: validation of the Italian version of the child-parent relationship scale (CPRS-I). Front Psychol 2023; 14:1194644. [PMID: 37799528 PMCID: PMC10547905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a psychometric validation of the Italian version of the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) developed by Pianta in 1992. Based on attachment theory, the scale assesses parents' relationship perceptions with their own child and comprises three scales: Closeness, Conflict, and Dependency. A sample of 501 parents (188 fathers and 313 mothers) completed 30 items of the Italian version of the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS-I) online, but only 437 answered 85% of the entire protocol; hence, the analyses only focused on 437 participants. The first analysis of the original theoretical model revealed poor fit, item loadings, and internal consistency. Therefore, a follow-up analysis was conducted. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses with a split sample (EFA = 218; CFA = 219) confirmed the original three-factor structure of the Italian sample, although some items were eliminated. The validity and reliability of the Italian version of the CPRS-I were also verified by correlating the above three factors with measures of adult attachment styles and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The CPRS-I showed significant correlations with all tested constructs, in line with those found by Driscoll and Pianta for the short form of the scale. Our results confirm that the CPRS-I has the same structure as the original scale; therefore, it can be a useful tool for assessing parents' perceptions of their relationship with their children. The implications for educational and clinical settings are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rinaldi
- Department of Psychology, Università eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castelli
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicola Palena
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Greco
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Robert Pianta
- Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning, Curry School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Antonella Marchetti
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Valle
- Research Unit on Theory of Mind, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murillo-Llorente MT, Lafuente-Sarabia B, Samper de la Paz J, Flores-Púa M, Tejeda-Adell M, Legidos-García ME, Perez-Bermejo M. Assessing Nutritional Status and Frailty among Poor Elderly Individuals in Requena del Tapiche, Peru. Nutrients 2023; 15:3840. [PMID: 37686872 PMCID: PMC10490412 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a biological syndrome that leads to a loss of physiological reserve, increasing susceptibility to adverse health events. In the Peruvian Amazon, the elderly live with hardly any economic resources, presenting a caloric deficit that is related to functional and cognitive deterioration. Our objective was to identify the health needs of elderly people living in extreme poverty in Requena (Peru) by means of a geriatric assessment of the nutritional and functional spheres to design, in the future, a cooperation project appropriate to the needs detected. This is an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. Sixty participants were included, and sociodemographic and functional status variables were analyzed using the MNA and Barthel scales and the Get Up and Go test. The mean age of the participants was 79 ± 6.67 (women 55% and men 45%), where 60% had frailty. A statistically significant relationship was found between the MNA scores and Barthel test. Eighty-five percent were malnourished or at risk and thirteen percent had total or moderate dependence. We conclude that the nutritional status of the elderly was deficient. The high degree of living alone in which they live forces them to maintain their independence and their walking stability is normal. The situation of frailty exceeds the national average, a situation that has repercussions for their quality of life. We found a statistically significant association between nutritional status, dependence, and frailty. The better-nourished elderly are less frail and less dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Murillo-Llorente
- SONEV Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo nº 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.T.M.-L.); (M.E.L.-G.)
| | - Blanca Lafuente-Sarabia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo nº 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (B.L.-S.); (J.S.d.l.P.); (M.T.-A.)
| | - Jennifer Samper de la Paz
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo nº 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (B.L.-S.); (J.S.d.l.P.); (M.T.-A.)
| | - Merita Flores-Púa
- Nurse Coordinator of the “Padre Nicolás Giner” Health Cente, Requena del Tapiche 16341, Peru;
| | - Manuel Tejeda-Adell
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo nº 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (B.L.-S.); (J.S.d.l.P.); (M.T.-A.)
| | - María Ester Legidos-García
- SONEV Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo nº 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.T.M.-L.); (M.E.L.-G.)
| | - Marcelino Perez-Bermejo
- SONEV Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo nº 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.T.M.-L.); (M.E.L.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ding X, Pan Y, Chen Y, Li Y. Association between dependency and long sleep duration among elderly people: a community-based study. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:789-799. [PMID: 37332148 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long sleep duration is a common sleep disorder among elderly people. Dependency increases with increasing age. This study aimed to assess the association between dependency and long sleep duration among elderly people. METHODS This study is a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 1152 participants aged ≥ 60 years were selected from 26 locations in China by a complex multistage sampling design. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Sleep duration was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dependency was assessed using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of sleep-related factors and psychological factors for sleep duration. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association between the dependency score and sleep duration, and the strength of dependency effect on sleep duration. RESULTS A total of 1120 participants were valid for the analysis. Among them, 15.8% of participants had a dependency score ≥60 points. The results of hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that sleep duration was positively associated with dependency scores. Analysis of covariance indicated a J-shaped association between dependency scores and sleep duration. The results of logistic regression analysis showed dependency was significantly associated with long sleep duration, and the odds ratio was 3.52 (95% CI, 1.87-6.63; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dependency was significantly associated with long sleep duration among elderly people. The results suggested that dependent intervention may be a strategy that needs urgent implementation to reduce long sleep duration among elderly people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiWen Ding
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - YiYang Pan
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Fatlawi M, Pak F, Farzanefar S, Salehi Y, Monsef A, Sheikhzadeh P. Optimization of the Acquisition Time and Injected Dose of 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Based on Patient Specifications for High-Sensitive Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scanner. World J Nucl Med 2023; 22:196-202. [PMID: 37854082 PMCID: PMC10581753 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was aimed to optimize the fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-administered dose and scan time based on patient specifications using a highly sensitive five-ring bismuth germanium oxide (BGO)-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanner (Discovery IQ). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 101 whole-body 18 F-FDG PET/CT images. Patient data were reconstructed using ordered subset expectation maximization with resolution recovery algorithms (OSEM + SharpIR). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated for each patient, standardized to SNR norm , and plotted against three body index parameters (weight, body mass index, and lean body mass). Two professional physicians blindly examined image quality at different patient time per bed positions to determine the minimum acceptable quality. To select images of acceptable quality, the noise index parameter was also measured. A new dose-time product (DTP) was established for each patient, and a predicted injected dose was assumed. Results We found an almost linear association between patient weight and normalized SNR, and patient weight had the highest R 2 in the fitting. The redesigned DTP can reduce results by approximately 74 and 38% compared with ordinary DTP for 80- and 160-s scan durations. The new dose regimen formula was found to be DTP = c/t × m 1.24 , where m is the patient weight, t is the scan time per bed position, and c is 1.8 and 4.3 for acceptable and higher confidence states, respectively, in Discovery IQ PET/CT. Conclusion Patient weight is the best clinical parameter for the implementation of 18 F-FDG PET/CT image quality assessment. A new dose-time regimen based on body weight was proposed for use in highly sensitive five-ring BGO PET-CT scanners to significantly reduce the injection dose and scan times while maintaining sufficient image quality for diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murtadha Al-Fatlawi
- Radiological Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Babel, Iraq
| | - Farideh Pak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States
| | - Saeed Farzanefar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Salehi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Monsef
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Peyman Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nilsen C, Agerholm J, Kelfve S, Wastesson JW, KÅreholt I, Nabe-Nielsen K, Meinow B. History of working conditions and the risk of old-age dependency: a nationwide Swedish register-based study. Scand J Public Health 2023:14034948231188999. [PMID: 37537973 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231188999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There is substantial evidence that previous working conditions influence post-retirement health, yet little is known about previous working conditions' association with old-age dependency. We examined job strain, hazardous and physical demands across working life, in relation to the risk of entering old-age dependency of care. METHODS Individually linked nationwide Swedish registers were used to identify people aged 70+ who were not receiving long-term care (residential care or homecare) at baseline (January 2014). Register information on job titles between the years 1970 and 2010 was linked with a job exposure matrix of working conditions. Random effects growth curve models were used to calculate intra-individual trajectories of working conditions. Cox regression models with age as the timescale (adjusted for living situation, educational attainment, country of birth, and sex) were conducted to estimate hazard ratios for entering old-age dependency during the 24 months of follow-up (n = 931,819). RESULTS Having initial adverse working conditions followed by an accumulation throughout working life encompassed the highest risk of entering old-age dependency across the categories (job strain: HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.19-1.27; physical demands: HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.31-1.40, and hazardous work: HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.30-1.40). Initially high physical demands or hazardous work followed by a stable trajectory, or initially low-level physical demand or hazardous work followed by an accumulation throughout working life also encompassed a higher risk of dependency. CONCLUSIONS A history of adverse working conditions increased the risk of old-age dependency. Reducing the accumulation of adverse working conditions across the working life may contribute to postponing old-age dependency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Nilsen
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Janne Agerholm
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Susanne Kelfve
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department of Culture and Society, Division Ageing and Social Change & Division of Social Work, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Jonas W Wastesson
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Ingemar KÅreholt
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Nabe-Nielsen
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bettina Meinow
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lindgren E, Krzywicka K, de Winter MA, Sánchez van Kammen M, Heldner MR, Hiltunen S, Aguiar de Sousa D, Mansour M, Canhão P, Ekizoglu E, Rodrigues M, Silva EM, Garcia-Esperon C, Arnao V, Aridon P, Simaan N, Silvis SM, Zuurbier SM, Scutelnic A, Sezgin M, Alasheev A, Smolkin A, Guisado-Alonso D, Yesilot N, Barboza MA, Ghiasian M, Leker RR, Arauz A, Arnold M, Putaala J, Tatlisumak T, Coutinho JM, Jood K. A scoring tool to predict mortality and dependency after cerebral venous thrombosis. Eur J Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37165521 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a prognostic score to predict dependency and death after cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) to identify patients for targeted therapy in future clinical trials.. METHODS We used data from the International CVT Consortium. We excluded patients with pre-existent functional dependency. We used logistic regression to predict poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3-6) at 6 months and Cox regression to predict 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality. Potential predictors derived from previous studies were selected with backward stepwise selection. Coefficients were shrunken using Ridge regression to adjust for optimism in internal validation. RESULTS Of 1454 patients with CVT, the cumulative number of deaths was 44 (3%) and 70 (5%) for 30 days and 1 year, respectively. Of 1126 patients evaluated regarding functional outcome, 137 (12%) were dependent or dead at 6 months. From the retained predictors for both models, we derived the SI2 NCAL2 C score utilizing the following components: absence of female Sex-specific risk factor, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Infection of the central nervous system, Neurologic focal deficits, Coma, Age, lower Level of hemoglobin (g/L), higher Level of glucose (mmol/L) at admission, and Cancer. C-statistics were 0.80 (95%CI 0.75-0.84), 0.84 (95%CI 0.80-0.88) and 0.84 (95%CI 0.80-0.88) for the poor outcome, 30 days and 1 year mortality model, respectively. Calibration plots indicated good model fit between predicted and observed values. The SI2 NCAL2 C score calculator is freely available at www.cerebralvenousthrombosis.com. CONCLUSIONS The SI2 NCAL2 C score shows adequate performance for estimating individual risk of mortality and dependency after CVT but external validation of the score is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Krzywicka
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A de Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine, UMC, Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Sánchez van Kammen
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M R Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Hiltunen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Aguiar de Sousa
- Stroke Centre, Centro Hospital Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
- CEEM and Institute of Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Mansour
- Sina Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - P Canhão
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (Neurology), Hospital de Santa Maria/CHULN; University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E Ekizoglu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Rodrigues
- Department of Neurology. Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - E M Silva
- Department of Neurology. Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal
| | - C Garcia-Esperon
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - V Arnao
- U.O.C. Neurologia con Stroke Unit A.R.N.A.S. Civico, Palermo, Italy
| | - P Aridon
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - N Simaan
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S M Silvis
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Zuurbier
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Scutelnic
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Sezgin
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Alasheev
- Department of Neurology, Sverdlovsk, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - A Smolkin
- Department of Neurology, Sverdlovsk, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - D Guisado-Alonso
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Yesilot
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M A Barboza
- Neurosciences Department, Hospital Dr. R.A. Calderón Guardia, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - M Ghiasian
- Sina Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - R R Leker
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Arauz
- Instituto Nacional de Neurologia and Neurocirugia Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - M Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Tatlisumak
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J M Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Jood
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jakobsen LM, Lind R. ´You are not yourself anymore´: The place of the ethical demand in a practical home care context. Scand J Caring Sci 2023; 37:79-87. [PMID: 35348235 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
THE STUDY'S RATIONALE The Scandinavian nursing tradition is based on caring science as the ontological backdrop. This means that meeting the patient with openness and respect is essential in care. The experiences of an elderly woman receiving home nursing provide insight into a world many healthcare workers need to understand; meaning what is important in the encounter with the fragile old patient whose voice is not often heard in the society nor in research. Caring science with its person-oriented care clashes with the New Public Management's ideal for municipal health care in Norway, at the expense of the needs of the elderly patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This article aims to express the phenomenon of lived experience as presented by an elderly woman, more specifically her experience of care in home nursing run according to the principles of new public management. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN The article is based on an empirical narrative in the form of an individual qualitative research interview. FINDINGS The patient has needs that cannot be defined without the nurse having an ethical understanding of what may be important in the patient´s lifeworld. The core findings are: Feeling disregarded as a human being, Broken agreements, Surrendering in anonymous relationships and Each day is a different day with altered needs. CONCLUSION The system of New Public Management sets a strain on the time at hand for the nurse to develop a relationship that acknowledges and supports the patient´s life courage. The ethical demand and care ethics can explain how the patient´s will to live can be preserved, and provide knowledge of how the caregiver can best attend to the patient's ways of expressing what is important to her. Nevertheless, within the time at disposal, the nurse has an opportunity to either marginalize or strengthen the old person´s dignity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Jakobsen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Ranveig Lind
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway and Research Nurse at Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Corral-Pérez J, Ávila-Cabeza-de-Vaca L, González-Mariscal A, Espinar-Toledo M, Ponce-González JG, Casals C, Vázquez-Sánchez MÁ. Risk and Protective Factors for Frailty in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3123. [PMID: 36833817 PMCID: PMC9961851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the differences in body composition, physical function, and physical activity between pre-frail/frail older adults and to detect risk and protective factors against frailty and physical frailty. Fried's criteria for frailty and physical frailty using the short-performance physical battery (SPPB) were measured in 179 older participants (75.3 ± 6.4 years old). Body weight, height, and waist, arm, and leg circumferences were obtained as body composition variables. Daily accelerometer outcomes (physical activity and inactivity) were obtained. Pre-frail participants showed overall better physical function and spent more time in physical activity and less time in long inactivity periods than frail participants (p < 0.05). Risk frailty factors were higher waist perimeter (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.032, 95%CI: 1.003-1.062), low leg performance (OR: 1.025, 95%CI: 1.008-1.043), and inactivity periods longer than 30 min (OR:1.002, 95%CI: 1.000-1.005). Protective factors were standing balance (OR:0.908, 95%CI: 0.831-0.992) and SPPB score (OR: 0.908, 95%CI: 0.831-0.992) for frailty, handgrip strength (OR: 0.902, 95%CI: 0.844-0.964) for physical frailty, and light (OR: 0.986, 95%CI: 0.976-0.996) and moderate-to-vigorous (OR: 0.983, 95%CI: 0.972-0.996) physical activity for both. Our findings suggest that handgrip strength, balance, and physical activity are protective frailty factors and can be monitored in pre-frail older adults. Moreover, poor lower body performance and long inactivity periods are frailty risk factors, which highlights their importance in frailty assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Corral-Pérez
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Laura Ávila-Cabeza-de-Vaca
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Andrea González-Mariscal
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Milagrosa Espinar-Toledo
- Clinical Management Unit, Malaga-Guadalhorce Health District, Rincón de la Victoria, 29730 Malaga, Spain
| | - Jesús G. Ponce-González
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Vázquez-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
- PASOS Research Group, UMA REDIAS Network of Law and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Health and Biotechnology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Haghparast Z, Riazi H, Shams J, Montazeri A. Couple Burnout and Partner's Substance- Dependency: Is there any Association? Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol 2023; 10:23333928221144445. [PMID: 36760678 PMCID: PMC9905033 DOI: 10.1177/23333928221144445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Substance-dependency is a significant health problem that might affect couples' relationships and lead to several complications such as burnout. This study aimed to assess and compare couple burnout in women with and without substance-dependent partners. Methods In this cross-sectional study samples of women with and without substance-dependent partners were studied. Couple burnout was assessed using the Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). The data then were compared between the study groups by performing descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and chi-square. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between couple burnout and independent variables. Results In all 264 women with (n = 121) and without (n = 143) substance-dependent partners were studied. Couple burnout was assessed using the Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). There were significant differences between both groups in most characteristics. The mean score of couple burnout in women with and without substance-dependent partners were 3.8 ± 1.2 and 2.6 ± 0.85 respectively (p < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, the probability of couple burnout in women with substance-dependent partners was 4.5 times more than those without substance-dependent partners (OR = 4.50, CI = 2.48-8.17, p < 0.001). Conclusion The findings showed that women with substance-dependent partners might suffer from higher couple burnout. Indeed, implementing appropriate interventions such as educational and counseling programs in health centers and substance abuse treatment centers is recommended. In fact, the current study highlights the extra burden that women with substance-dependent partners experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Haghparast
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Riazi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Hedyeh Riazi, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, ValiAsr Ave., Cross of Niayesh Highway and ValiAsr, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral Science Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Faculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Sciences and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Widmer A, Wiegand K, Huber E. [If dependency makes vulnerable: Nursing home residents' claims for dignity-conserving nursing care - A narrative literature review]. Pflege 2023; 36:277-285. [PMID: 36715654 DOI: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
If dependency makes vulnerable: Nursing home residents' claims for dignity-conserving nursing care - A narrative literature review Abstract. Introduction: Due to an increase in the very old population, it is important to know what is needed in order to support older people's needs regarding dignity-conserving nursing care when living in a nursing home. Aim: The aim of this article is to gather information on how nursing home residents feel respected and protected in regards of their dignity. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted in the databases CINAHL Complete and PubMed. Six qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria and were compared regarding similarities. Results: The protection of dignity is jeopardized not only by the residents' dependency, but also by nurses, social environment, and society. To protect their own dignity, residents wanted to be perceived as individuals and be treated with respect. Additionally, they wanted to be as independent as possible and take part in meaningful activities. Discussion: Facilitation of staff members as well as flat, peripheral leadership structures are important in order to protect the residents' dignity. The residents' needs regarding social and societal participation has been additionally challenged due to the Covid-19 pandemic. At the same time, the pandemic enforced innovations that may help protect nursing home residents' dignity. Conclusions: These findings can help nurses to protect the dignity of nursing home residents in their daily lives and in the implementation of care measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Widmer
- Institut für Pflege, Department Gesundheit, Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften ZHAW, Winterthur, Schweiz
| | - Kim Wiegand
- Institut für Pflege, Department Gesundheit, Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften ZHAW, Winterthur, Schweiz
| | - Evelyn Huber
- Institut für Pflege, Department Gesundheit, Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften ZHAW, Winterthur, Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Urban MM, Stingl MR, Meinhardt MW. Mini-review: The neurobiology of treating substance use disorders with classical psychedelics. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1156319. [PMID: 37139521 PMCID: PMC10149865 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1156319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of psychedelics to persistently treat substance use disorders is known since the 1960s. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. While it is known that serotonergic hallucinogens induce changes in gene expression and neuroplasticity, particularly in prefrontal regions, theories on how specifically this counteracts the alterations that occur in neuronal circuitry throughout the course of addiction are largely unknown. This narrative mini-review endeavors to synthesize well-established knowledge from addiction research with findings and theories regarding the neurobiological effects of psychedelics to give an overview of the potential mechanisms that underlie the treatment of substance use disorders with classical hallucinogenic compounds and point out gaps in the current understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin M. Urban
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Marvin M. Urban,
| | - Moritz R. Stingl
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marcus W. Meinhardt
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chavan SS, Pagar VS, Borde A, Patil SP, Kinge AD. An Epidemiological Study of Addictive Behavior Pattern Among Adolescent Tobacco Users. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 37033287 PMCID: PMC10080569 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_659_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of developing tobacco-related cancer and chronic heart and lung disease is greater if addiction starts in adolescence. Even experimental use of tobacco in adolescents significantly increases the risk of addiction in adulthood. This study intends to collect valuable data regarding sociodemographic characteristic of tobacco use, pattern of dependence among adolescent tobacco users, which will be essential for formulating recommendations, and their possible intervention aimed at reducing the problem of tobacco use. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was done where 400 subjects were enrolled. Nonprobability Snowball sampling technique was used to locate adolescents aged 12-18 years, who were practicing tobacco use. Face-to-face interviews were taken for data collection. Fragerstorm dependency test for tobacco was used to classify dependency of tobacco product into high and low dependency. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and proportions using SPSS software version 21. Results Majority of the subjects were in the age group of 16-18 years; mean age for initiation of tobacco was 15.6 years. Gutkha was the predominant form of tobacco product being used. Peer pressure 192 (48.0%) was the major reason for initiation of tobacco use. A significant association was found between dependency on tobacco and age, literacy, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions Tobacco use starting from early age has many health implications. There is a need for stringent laws against the selling of tobacco to adolescents and targeted health awareness program against tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushant S. Chavan
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikrant S. Pagar
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Vikrant S. Pagarm, Flat No. 12, Triveni Apartment, Balappa Colony, Near 100 Futi Road, Dhule - 424 001, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Anant Borde
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarika P. Patil
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D. Kinge
- Department of Commmunity Medicine, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iwanski A, Lichtenstein L, Forster F, Stadelmann C, Bodenmann G, Zimmermann P. A Family Systems Perspective on Attachment Security and Dependency to Mother and Father in Preschool: Differential and Reciprocal Effects on Children's Emotional and Behavioral Problems. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010035. [PMID: 36672018 PMCID: PMC9856694 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment security and dependency play a decisive role for children's mental health. From a family systems perspective, reciprocal effects of dyadic attachment to each parent within the same family on child symptomatology may well offer additional insights in developmental processes as parents and children influence each other consistently. This study examined the influence of child-mother as well as child-father attachment security and dependency on maternal, paternal, and observed ratings of children's emotional and behavioral problems. A total of 124 families with preschool children participated in this study. Attachment security, dependency, and symptomatology of the children were independently observed during home visits. Furthermore, mothers and fathers rated child symptoms. Results revealed promotive effects of attachment security to both parents on observed child symptoms. Furthermore, we found a significant actor effect of child-mother attachment security, as well as a significant partner effect of child-father dependency on maternal ratings of child symptomatology. Attachment security to both parents is promotive for child mental health. The family systems perspective clarifies the meaning of child-father relationships for maternal perception of the own child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iwanski
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucie Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Fabienne Forster
- Cantonal Psychiatric Clinic St. Gallen, Gynaeco-Psychiatry, Zuercherstrasse 30, 9500 Wil, Switzerland
| | - Céline Stadelmann
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestr. 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestr. 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Zimmermann
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tzachor A, Richards CE, Smidt-Jensen A, Skúlason AÞ, Ramel A, Geirsdóttir M. The Potential Role of Iceland in Northern Europe's Protein Self-Sufficiency: Feasibility Study of Large-Scale Production of Spirulina in a Novel Energy-Food System. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010038. [PMID: 36613252 PMCID: PMC9818573 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Europe is dependent on protein-rich crop imports to meet domestic food demand. This has moved the topic of sustainable protein self-sufficiency up the policy agenda. The current study assesses the feasibility of protein self-sufficiency in Iceland, and its capacity to meet Northern Europe's demand, based on industrial-scale cultivation of Spirulina in novel production units. Production units currently operating in Iceland, and laboratory-derived nutritional profile for the Spirulina cultivated, provide the basis for a theoretical protein self-sufficiency model. Integrating installed and potentially installed energy generation data, the model elaborates six production scale-up scenarios. Annual biomass produced is compared with recommended dietary allowance figures for protein and essential amino acids to determine whether Northern Europe's population demands can be met in 2030. Results show that Iceland could be protein self-sufficient under the most conservative scenario, with 20,925 tonnes of Spirulina produced using 15% of currently installed capacity. In a greater allocation of energy capacity used by heavy industry, Iceland could additionally meet the needs of Lithuania, or Latvia, Estonia, Jersey, Isle of Man, Guernsey, and Faroe Islands. Under the most ambitious scenario utilizing planned energy projects, Iceland could support itself plus Denmark, or Finland, or Norway, or Ireland with up to 242,366 tonnes of biomass. On a protein-per-protein basis, each kilogram of Spirulina consumed instead of beef could save 0.315 tonnes CO2-eq. Under the most ambitious scenario, this yields annual savings of 75.1 million tonnes CO2-eq or 7.3% of quarterly European greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, practicalities of production scale-up are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Tzachor
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1SB, UK
- School of Sustainability, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Catherine E. Richards
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1SB, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Asger Smidt-Jensen
- Centre for Food Technology, Danish Technological Institute (DTI), 8000 Århus, Midtjylland, Denmark
| | - Arnar Þór Skúlason
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Ssn. 600169-2039, 113 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Alfons Ramel
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Ssn. 600169-2039, 113 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Johannessen A, Tevik K, Engedal K, Tjelta T, Helvik AS. Family' members experiences of their older relative's alcohol and substance misuse. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2094059. [PMID: 35786387 PMCID: PMC9255228 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2094059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption in Norway and much of the western world has increased during the past decades, in particular among older adults (> 65 years). Although living with a family member's alcohol misuse has been shown to have a significant deleterious health impact, research on this topic is both lacking and urgently needed to develop targeted health services. AIM To generate knowledge of how family members are affected by their older relatives' alcohol and other substance misuse problems. METHOD In 2020, 17 individual interviews were carried out with the wives and adult children of older adults with alcohol and other substance misuse problems. Data were analysed using content analysis. FINDINGS Analyses revealed two main themes; the impact of living with psychological stress over time, and the impact over time on family relationships and functioning. Both included four subthemes, representing different dimensions of participants' experiences of the impact of their older relative's alcohol and substance misuse. CONCLUSION The challenges family members experienced through ongoing exposure to their relatives' alcohol and/or other substance misuse increased over time. These experiences had significant negative consequences for their health and life situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aud Johannessen
- The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway,Faculty of Health and Social Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway,CONTACT Aud Johannessen The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 2136 NO-3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Kjerstin Tevik
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Knut Engedal
- The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Thomas Tjelta
- Faculty of Health and Social Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Anne-Sofie Helvik
- The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Puapatanakul P, Kanjanabuch T, Tungsanga K, Cheawchanwattana A, Tangjittrong K, Lounseng N, Songviriyavithaya P, Zhao J, Wang AYM, Shen J, Perl J, Davies SJ, Finkelstein FO, Johnson DW. Assisted peritoneal dialysis performed by caregivers and its association with patient outcomes. Perit Dial Int 2022; 42:602-614. [PMID: 35164609 DOI: 10.1177/08968608221078903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although caregivers allow peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with disabilities the opportunity to perform PD, it is crucial to clarify the safety and effectiveness of assisted PD performed by caregivers compared to self-PD. METHODS PD patients from 22 PD centres in Thailand were prospectively followed in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study during 2016-2017. Patients receiving assisted PD performed by caregivers were matched 1:1 with self-PD patients using propensity scores calculated by logistic regression. The associations between assisted PD and risk of mortality, peritonitis and permanent transfer to haemodialysis (HD) were assessed by multivariable competing risk regression. RESULTS Of 778 eligible patients, 447 (57%) required assisted PD performed by caregivers. Most of the caregivers were family members (98%), while the rest were non-family paid caregivers (2%). Patient factors associated with assisted PD were older age, female gender, lower educational level, cardiovascular comorbidities, diabetes, automated PD modality, poorer functional status and lower blood chemistries (albumin, creatinine, sodium, potassium and phosphate). After 1:1 matching, the baseline characteristics were adequately matched, and 269 patients in each group were analysed. Compared with self-PD, assisted PD was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted sub-hazard ratio: 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-3.74). There were no differences in the occurrences of peritonitis and permanent HD transfer between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Assisted PD was required by more than half of Thai PD patients and was independently associated with a higher mortality risk. This may reflect causal effect or confounding by indication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pongpratch Puapatanakul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Peritoneal Dialysis Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Peritoneal Dialysis Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.,Dialysis Policy and Practice Program (DiP3), School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriang Tungsanga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Areewan Cheawchanwattana
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Tangjittrong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pranangklao Hospital, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Junhui Zhao
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jenny Shen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Perl
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Davies
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, UK
| | | | - David W Johnson
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australasian Kidney Trials Network, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ahmadianmoghadam MA, Nematollahi MH, Mehrabani M, Fatemi I, Rostamzadeh F, Dell'Agli M, Mehrabani M, Abolhassani M, Mehrbani M. Effect of an herbal formulation containing Peganum harmala L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. on oxidative stress, memory impairment and withdrawal syndrome induced by morphine. Int J Neurosci 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36168934 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2130293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Traditional Persian medicine has introduced effective remedies in opioid dependence care. One of the most widely used remedies is an herbal formulation containing Peganum harmala L. and Fraxinus excelsior L. (HF). This study investigated the effects of HF to attenuate the withdrawal signs and rewarding effects in morphine-dependent rats.Methods: Forty-nine male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The control and vehicle groups received normal saline and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, respectively. The morphine group received morphine for one week. The single and daily dose of HF groups received morphine similar to the morphine group, and HF (1.4 and 2.8 g/kg) once a day in the daily dose group and only on the last day of the experiment in the single dose of HF group. Finally, the withdrawal signs as well biochemical tests were evaluated. The behavioral parameters were assessed by conditioned place preference (CPP), elevated plus-maze and Y-maze tests. The antioxidant activity of HF was evaluated by measurement of serum contents of malondialdehyde, stable nitric oxide metabolites and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Moreover, the protein expression of c-fos was assessed by western blotting.Results: Daily treatment with HF significantly reduced the score of CPP behavioral test, all of the withdrawal signs, TAC and the c-fos protein level.Conclusions: The results indicated that HF might be a promising complementary treatment in reducing morphine-induced physical and psychological dependence probably through modulation of c-fos protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Ahmadianmoghadam
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rostamzadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ibáñez-Davó M, Balanza-Galindo S, Gómez-Díaz M, Morales-Moreno I. Quality of life of patients and caregivers in southern Spain: Living with the Obstructive pulmonary disease and after a stroke. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:e2631-e2637. [PMID: 34997793 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases show a significant limitation on the quality of life and functional status, as patients as also their caregivers. The objective of this study is to analyse the quality of life of patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and stroke and their caregivers, and to find out if there is a relationship between the caregiver's overload and the quality of life of the patient, as well as to determine whether the functional status of the patients is related to the quality of life of the caregiver. Quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study, performed at Primary Health Care Centres of the northwest Area of Murcia Region (Spain), between January and May 2018, with 131 patients, 79 with stroke, 48 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4 of them with both diseases), and 110 caregivers. The EuroQol scale, Zarit's questionnaire and Barthel's index and an ad hoc questionnaire of sociodemographic variables developed for this study were used. We found a positive and significant correlation between the scores of the caregiver's overload scale and those of the caregiver's health status (r = -0.425; p = 0.001), and a negative and also significant correlation between the overload and quality of life of the patients (r = -0.297; p = 0.002) and their inability (r = 0.189; p = 0.048). The more the overload we find the worse quality of life of the caregiver, but better quality of life of the patient. The physical inability of the patients also influences on the caregiver's level of overload, but not in his health status. Intervention programmes are needed to improve the quality of life of family members as they are the best patient support and the best help for healthcare professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Ibáñez-Davó
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sharma A, Grant B, Islam H, Kapoor A, Pradeep A, Jayasena CN. Common symptoms associated with usage and cessation of anabolic androgenic steroids in men. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 36:101691. [PMID: 35999138 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) have widespread and growing illicit use as image and performance enhancing drugs (IPED), predominantly in young men. Users trying to stop AAS are prone to distressing withdrawal symptoms which may trigger relapse in use. It is important to develop therapies to support AAS withdrawal. The illicit nature of AAS use has impeded the robust characterisation of its clinical withdrawal syndrome within any single study. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review summarising the available clinical studies describing symptoms associated with non-medically indicated AAS use, and AAS withdrawal. Reported clinical features of AAS withdrawal include headache, fatigue, myalgia, restlessness, insomnia, low mood and libido, anorexia, suicidal ideation, body image dissatisfaction, and steroid cravings; novel therapies for AAS withdrawal would need evaluation against these symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Heraa Islam
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aditi Kapoor
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Channa N Jayasena
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Clavagnier I. [Disability, a factor of vulnerability to incest]. Rev Infirm 2022; 71:39-42. [PMID: 36427941 DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Disability, a factor of vulnerability to incestThere is a lack of visibility on the issue of sexual violence among people with disabilities. There is an omerta on this subject within the social and medico-social establishments that receive them. Intra-family sexual violence is kept silent, as it is everywhere else. The vulnerability of children with disabilities is a risk factor for rape and sexual assault, and communication problems hinder their disclosure. Interview with Marie Rabatel, President of the Francophone Association of Autistic Women, expert of the High Authority of Health on the issues of violence against women with disabilities, member of the Independent Commission on incest and sexual violence against children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Clavagnier
- c/o La revue de l'infirmière, 65 rue Camille-Desmoulins, 92442 Issy-les-Moulineaux cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kingston A, Wittenberg R, Hu B, Jagger C. Projections of dependency and associated social care expenditure for the older population in England to 2038: effect of varying disability progression. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6649132. [PMID: 35871421 PMCID: PMC9308990 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives to assess the effect of recent stalling of life expectancy and various scenarios for disability progression on projections of social care expenditure between 2018 and 2038, and the likelihood of reaching the Ageing Society Grand Challenge mission of five extra healthy, independent years at birth. Design two linked projections models: the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) model and the Care Policy and Evaluation Centre long-term care projections model, updated to include 2018-based population projections. Population PACSim: about 303,589 individuals aged 35 years and over (a 1% random sample of the England population in 2014) created from three nationally representative longitudinal ageing studies. Main outcome measures Total social care expenditure (public and private) for older people, and men and women’s independent life expectancy at age 65 (IndLE65) under five scenarios of changing disability progression and recovery with and without lower life expectancy. Results between 2018 and 2038, total care expenditure was projected to increase by 94.1%–1.25% of GDP; men’s IndLE65 increasing by 14.7% (range 11.3–16.5%), exceeding the 8% equivalent of the increase in five healthy, independent years at birth, although women’s IndLE65 increased by only 4.7% (range 3.2–5.8%). A 10% reduction in disability progression and increase in recovery resulted in the lowest increase in total care expenditure and increases in both men’s and women’s IndLE65 exceeding 8%. Conclusions interventions that slow down disability progression, and improve recovery, could significantly reduce social care expenditure and meet government targets for increases in healthy, independent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kingston
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Raphael Wittenberg
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre (CPEC), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Bo Hu
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre (CPEC), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Carol Jagger
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bio-Sya A, Damien GB, Kpatchavi AC, Allabi AC. Prevalence, associated factors and level of dependence of substance use among urban secondary school students, Benin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:205-213. [PMID: 35706341 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of psychoactive substances is constantly increasing, particularly among young people. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, associated factors and the level of dependence of those substances among secondary school students in Benin. This cross-sectional study included 627 students in grades 8-12, selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using the ASSIST questionnaire, followed by urine screening. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate factors associated with substance use. Overall, the lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance use was 95.4% (95% CI = 93.4-96.9), while the current use was 78.8% (95% CI = 75.3-81.9). The most commonly used substances in the past 3 months were alcohol, followed by stimulants and tobacco; 221 samples were analysed. Twenty-two (9.95%) were positive by urine screening. Substances detected were tramadol, fentanyl, THC, K2, BZDs, alcohol, methamphetamine and cotinine. Of the current users, 2.27% (n = 11) were at high risk of dependency. An association was found between substance use and age (p = 0.02). In conclusion, this study came up with a high prevalence of substance use among students. There is a need to develop and implement a health education programme in secondary schools to raise awareness of the potential risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assad Bio-Sya
- National Laboratory of Narcotic and Toxicology (LNST), Beninese Center of Scientific Research and Innovation (Cbrsi), Cotonou, Benin.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Georgia Barikissou Damien
- Population and Health Department, Center for Training and Research in Population, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adolphe C Kpatchavi
- Laboratory of Applied Medical Anthropology (LAMA), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Aurel C Allabi
- National Laboratory of Narcotic and Toxicology (LNST), Beninese Center of Scientific Research and Innovation (Cbrsi), Cotonou, Benin.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hawley LL, Rappaport LM, Padesky CA, Hollon SD, Mancuso E, Laposa JM, Brozina K, Segal ZV. Self-critical perfectionism, dependency and entropy during cognitive behavioural therapy for depression. Br J Clin Psychol 2022; 61:911-928. [PMID: 35362112 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined whether 'personality vulnerability' (i.e., self-critical perfectionism or dependency) predicts the trajectory of change, as well as variability and instability (i.e., entropy) of symptoms, during cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression. DESIGN Study participants were outpatients (N = 312) experiencing a primary mood disorder. Participants received CBT for depression group sessions over 15 weeks. Self-report measures of self-critical perfectionism, dependency, and depression were collected longitudinally. METHODS A latent growth mixture modelling (LGMM) statistical approach was used to evaluate the presence of latent classes of individuals based on their longitudinal pattern of symptom change during CBT and to evaluate whether baseline self-critical perfectionism or dependency predicts class membership. A Latent Acceleration Score (LAS) model evaluated whether perfectionism or dependency led to variability in depression symptom change (e.g., velocity) by considering changes in velocity (e.g., acceleration and/or deceleration). RESULTS LGMM indicated the presence of two latent classes that represent symptom improvement (N = 239) or minimal symptom improvement over time (N = 73). Elevated baseline self-critical perfectionism, but not dependency, predicted a greater likelihood of membership in the class of participants who demonstrated minimal symptom improvement over time. The second analysis examined whether baseline self-critical perfectionism also predicts depression symptom variability and instability. The LAS perfectionism model demonstrated that perfectionism accelerates depression symptom change during the first seven sessions of treatment, then has a decelerating effect on depression symptom change. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that higher baseline self-critical perfectionism predicted higher variability and instability in depression symptoms and variability in acceleration and deceleration, over the course of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lance L Hawley
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Frederick Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Enza Mancuso
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith M Laposa
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Brozina
- Peel Children's Centre, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zindel V Segal
- University of Toronto - Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kalamatianos A, Canellopoulos L. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Reconstructed Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Psychiatriki 2022; 33:56-64. [PMID: 35255467 DOI: 10.22365/jpsych.2022.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Reconstructed Depressive Experiences Questionnaire-RDEQ is a self-report measure for assessing depressive experiences and in particular dependency and self-criticism, that is, vulnerability traits for depression. It constitutes a short version of the widely used DEQ that was constructed to detect the anaclitic and the introjective depressive characterological configurations. However, DEQ's validity has been questioned and several shortened versions have been constructed. RDEQ has been found to preserve the characteristics of the original scale and demonstrate the best psychometric qualities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Greek version. RDEQ was translated and the final version was administered, along with questionnaires measuring depression (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI), attachment (Cartes de Modèles Individuels de Relations, CAMIR), and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, RSES), to a clinical and a community sample of 714 individuals. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a two-factors structure that represents the personality dimensions of dependency and self-criticism. Findings showed that this model fits well the data and has good internal consistency with Cronbach's alphas 0.84 and 0.87, respectively. The correlation between the two RDEQ factors demonstrated that the two scales are orthogonal and distinct. Moreover, the Greek version exhibited low to moderate significant correlations with BDI, CAMIR, and RSES and satisfactory convergent and divergent validity. RDEQ appears to be a suitable tool for research use and is expected to facilitate the examination of depressive personality dimensions in Greek speaking populations.
Collapse
|
34
|
Casafont C, González-Garcia MJ, Marañón-Echeverría A, Cobo-Sánchez JL, Bravo M, Piazuelo M, Zabalegui A. Profile of Patients with Dementia or Cognitive Impairment Hospitalized with a Proximal Femur Fracture Requiring Surgery. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:2799. [PMID: 35270492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the characteristics of patients with dementia or cognitive impairment hospitalized with a proximal femur fracture requiring surgery. Methods: Multicentric descriptive longitudinal study conducted in three traumatology units, representing high-technology public hospitals across Spain. Data collection took place between August 2018 and December 2019 upon admission to hospital, discharge, one month and three months after discharge. Results: Study participants (n = 174) were mainly women (81.6%), and the mean age was 90.7± 6.3 years old. Significant statistical differences were noted in the decline of functional capacity at baseline and one month later, and after three months they had still not recovered. Malnutrition increased from baseline to the one-month follow-up. The use of physical restraints increased during hospitalization, especially bilateral bedrails and a belt in the chair/bed. After one month, 15.2% of patients had pressure ulcers. Although pain decreased, it was still present after three months. Conclusion: Hospitalization after hip surgery for elderly people with dementia or cognitive impairment negatively impacted their global health outcomes such as malnutrition and the development of pressure ulcers, falls, functional impairment and the use of physical restraints and pain management challenges. Hospitals should implement policy-makers’ strategic dementia care plans to improve their outcomes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of tumor. Growing evidence suggests metabolic changes that support oncogenic progression may cause selective vulnerabilities that can be exploited for cancer treatment. Increasing demands for certain nutrients under genetic determination or environmental challenge enhance dependency of tumor cells on specific nutrient, which could be therapeutically developed through targeting such nutrient dependency. Various nutrients including several amino acids and glucose have been found to induce dependency in genetic alteration- or context-dependent manners. In this review, we discuss the extensively studied nutrient dependency and the biological mechanisms behind such vulnerabilities. Besides, existing applications and strategies to target nutrient dependency in different cancer types, accompanied with remaining challenges to further exploit these metabolic vulnerabilities to improve cancer therapies, are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Fan
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, China
| | - Min Gao
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ben-Hassen C, Helmer C, Berr C, Jacqmin-Gadda H. Five-Year Dynamic Prediction of Dementia Using Repeated Measures of Cognitive Tests and a Dependency Scale. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:453-464. [PMID: 34753171 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of dementia prevalence over the years and the lack of efficient treatments to stop or reverse the cognitive decline make dementia a major public health challenge in the developed world. Identifying people at high risk of developing dementia could improve the treatment of these patients and help select the target population for preventive clinical trials. We used joint modeling to build a dynamic prediction tool of dementia based on the change over time of 2 neurocognitive tests (the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Isaacs Set Tests) as well as an autonomy scale (the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living). The model was estimated with data from the French cohort Personnes Agées QUID (1988-2015) and validated both by cross-validation and externally with data from the French Three City cohort (1999-2018). We evaluated its predictive abilities through area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and Brier score, accounting for right censoring and competing risk of death, and obtained an average area under the curve value of 0.95 for the risk of dementia in the next 5 or 10 years. This tool is able to discriminate a high-risk group of people from the rest of the population. This could be of help in clinical practice and research.
Collapse
|
37
|
Michel P, Fadel F, Ehrmann S, Plantefève G, Gelée B. Prognosis of Very Elderly Patients after Intensive Care. J Clin Med 2022; 11:897. [PMID: 35207170 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients (over age 85) are increasingly treated in Intensive Care Units (ICU), despite doctors’ reluctance to accept these frail patients. There are only few studies describing the relevance of treatments for this group of patients in ICU. One of these studies defined an age of 85 or over as the essential admittance criterion. Exclusion criteriwere low autonomy before admittance or an inability to answer the phone. Epidemiological data, history, lifestyle, and autonomy (ADL score of six items) were recorded during admission to the ICU and by phone interviews six months later. Eight French ICUs included 239 patients aged over 85. The most common diagnostics were non-cardiogenic lung disease (36%), severe sepsis/septic shock (29%), and acute pulmonary oedem (28%). Twenty-three percent of patients were dependent at the time of their admission. Seventy-one percent of patients were still alive when released from ICU, and 52% were still alive after 6 months. Among the patients which were non-dependent before hospitalization, 17% became dependent. The only prognostic criterifound were the SAPS II score on admission and the place of residence before admission (nursing home or family environment had poor prognosis). Although the prognosis of these elderly patients was good after hospitalization in ICU, it should be noted that the population was carefully selected as having few comorbidities or dependence. No triage critericould be suggested.
Collapse
|
38
|
Groot B, Haveman A, Buree M, Zuijlen RV, Zuijlen JV, Abma T. What Patients Prioritize for Research to Improve Their Lives and How Their Priorities Get Dismissed again. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:1927. [PMID: 35206113 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Health researchers increasingly work with patients in a participatory fashion. Active patient involvement throughout the research process can provide epistemic justice to patients who have often only had an informant role in traditional health research. This study aims to conduct participatory research on patient experiences to create a solid research agenda with patients and discuss it with relevant stakeholders. We followed a participatory research design in 18 sub-studies, including interviews and group sessions (n = 404 patients), and dialogue sessions (n = 367 professionals and directors in healthcare and social work, municipality civil servants, and funding agencies) on patient experiences with psychiatric care, community care, daycare, public health, and social work. Findings from the eight-year study show that four priorities stood out: attention for misuse of power and abuse; meaningful participation; non-human assistance, and peer support. Moreover, that: (1) patients, based on their experiences, prioritize different topics than experts; (2) most topics are trans-diagnostic and point to the value of a cross-disability approach; and (3) the priorities of patients are all too easily dismissed and require ethics work to prevent epistemic injustice. Long-term investment in a transdisciplinary community of practice offers a solid basis for addressing patient-centered topics and may impact the quality of life of people living with chronic illness, disability, or vulnerability.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lim OW, Liew HH, Eng XR, Yong CK, Lim LH. Determinants of Newly-Diagnosed Raised Blood Pressure: The Malaysian Context. Malays J Med Sci 2022; 28:88-99. [PMID: 35002493 PMCID: PMC8715878 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Raised blood pressure, also known as hypertension (HPT), has been a distressing health concern among Malaysians. An upward trend is found on the prevalence of newly-diagnosed HPT, contributing to the high number of overall hypertensive patients in Malaysia. To understand the cause and reduce the economic burden caused by HPT, current research aims to examine the dependency among sociodemographic and behavioural determinants of newly-diagnosed HPT among Malaysians. Methods The current study uses secondary data from the Fifth National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS V) 2015, a population based cross-sectional study. This study uses the Bayesian Network (BN) modelling to design and build a ‘causal’ model and identify potential determinants and their respective conditional probability on the prevalence of newly-diagnosed HPT among Malaysians. Results This study shows that Malaysians with newly-diagnosed HPT are directly affected by the age and body mass index (BMI). Additionally, household income, sex, marital status, ethnicity, strata, education levels, occupation, fruit intake, vegetable intake, smoking status, physical activity and plain water intake indirectly affect the incidence of the newly-diagnosed HPT. Conclusion These results may be helpful in implementing appropriate policies to prevent and monitor the increasing prevalence of newly-diagnosed HPT among adults in Malaysia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ooi Wei Lim
- Malaysia Foundation Programme, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - How Hui Liew
- Department of Mathematical and Actuarial Sciences, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Xin Ru Eng
- Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom
| | - Chin Khian Yong
- Department of Mathematical and Actuarial Sciences, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Ling Hong Lim
- Malaysia Foundation Programme, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Polyanskaya SA, Moreno RY, Lu B, Feng R, Yao Y, Irani S, Klingbeil O, Yang Z, Wei Y, Demerdash OE, Benjamin LA, Weiss MJ, Zhang YJ, Vakoc CR. SCP4-STK35/PDIK1L complex is a dual phospho-catalytic signaling dependency in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110233. [PMID: 35021089 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells rely on phospho-signaling pathways to gain unlimited proliferation potential. Here, we use domain-focused CRISPR screening and identify the nuclear phosphatase SCP4 as a dependency in AML, yet this enzyme is dispensable in normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. Using CRISPR exon scanning and gene complementation assays, we show that the catalytic function of SCP4 is essential in AML. Through mass spectrometry analysis of affinity-purified complexes, we identify the kinase paralogs STK35 and PDIK1L as binding partners and substrates of the SCP4 phosphatase domain. We show that STK35 and PDIK1L function catalytically and redundantly in the same pathway as SCP4 to maintain AML proliferation and to support amino acid biosynthesis and transport. We provide evidence that SCP4 regulates STK35/PDIK1L through two distinct mechanisms: catalytic removal of inhibitory phosphorylation and by promoting kinase stability. Our findings reveal a phosphatase-kinase signaling complex that supports the pathogenesis of AML.
Collapse
|
41
|
Frontiers Production Office. Erratum: Socioeconomic status association with dependency from objective and subjective assessments: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1091700. [PMID: 36458124 PMCID: PMC9706252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898686.].
Collapse
|
42
|
Pan Y, Aierken A, Ding X, Chen Y, Li Y. Socioeconomic Status Association With Dependency From Objective and Subjective Assessments: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898686. [PMID: 35845452 PMCID: PMC9276981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on dependency is still complex and not fully clear. The purposes of this study are to assess the association between SES and dependency personality disorder (DPD) using both objective and subjective assessments. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 27 locations in China among 1,276 general residents aged 60 years and above through a complex multistage sampling design. Data were collected using a questionnaire by well-trained investigators through face-to-face interviews. The DPD was assessed using a standardized Chinese version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II scale. Objective SES was assessed by the combination of education levels, individual income, preretirement occupation, and medical insurance. Subjective SES was measured using the MacArthur Scale. The logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between objective SES and DPD. Analysis of covariance was conducted to compare the mean of DPD scores in different levels of SES. RESULTS The results of the chi-squared test showed that the levels of objective SES were associated with DPD, depression, social resources, and region. The logistic regression analysis showed a significant negative association between the levels of objective SES and DPD. The odds ratio was 1.84 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-3.18) after adjusting for important confounding factors. The analysis of covariance showed differences in the mean of DPD scores among different groups defined by different levels of SES. CONCLUSION The levels of SES were negatively associated with DPD, and subjective SES had a stronger association with DPD than objective SES. The effect of subjective SES on DPD is possibly associated with the perception of position in the social hierarchy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YiYang Pan
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ayizuhere Aierken
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiWen Ding
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pan Y, Aierken A, Ding X, Chen Y, Li Y. Corrigendum: Socioeconomic status association with dependency from objective and subjective assessments: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1004126. [PMID: 36405927 PMCID: PMC9667509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1004126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898686.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YiYang Pan
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ayizuhere Aierken
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiWen Ding
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Trenado C, Cif L, Pedroarena-Leal N, Ruge D. Electrophysiological Signature and the Prediction of Deep Brain Stimulation Withdrawal and Insertion Effects. Front Neurol 2021; 12:754701. [PMID: 34917015 PMCID: PMC8669963 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.754701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) serves as a treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor, dystonia, Tourette Syndrome (GTS), Huntington's disease, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There is broad experience with the short-term effects of DBS in individual diseases and their signs/symptoms. However, even in acute treatment and for the same disorder or a given disorder, a prediction of effect is not perfect. Even further, the factors that influence the long-term effect of DBS and its withdrawal are hardly characterized. In this work, we aim to shed light on an important topic, the question of “DBS dependency.” To address this, we make use of the Kuramoto model of phase synchronization (oscillation feature) endowed with neuroplasticity to study the effects of DBS under successive withdrawals and renewals of neuromodulation as well as influence of treatment duration in de novo DBS “patients.” The results of our simulation show that the characteristics of neuroplasticity have a profound effect on the stability and mutability of oscillation synchronization patterns across successive withdrawal and renewal of DBS in chronic “patients” and also in de novo DBS “patients” with varying duration of treatment (here referred to as the “number of iterations”). Importantly, the results demonstrate the strong effect of the individual neuroplasticity makeup on the behavior of synchrony of oscillatory activity that promotes certain disorder/disease states or symptoms. The effect of DBS-mediated neuromodulation and withdrawal is highly dependent on the makeup of the neuroplastic signature of a disorder or an individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Trenado
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurosciences Cliniques, LRENC, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Cif
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Diane Ruge
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurosciences Cliniques, LRENC, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Czarnecki D, Ziółkowski M, Chodkiewicz J, Długosz A, Feldheim J, Waszkiewicz N, Kułak-Bejda A, Gorzkiewicz M, Budzyński J, Junkiert-Czarnecka A, Siomek-Górecka A, Nicpoń K, Kawala-Sterniuk A, Ferri R, Pelc M, Walecki P, Laskowska E, Gorzelańczyk EJ. Initial Study on COMT and DRD2 Gene Polymorphisms as Well as the Influence of Temperament and Character Trait on the Severity of Alcohol Craving in Alcohol-Dependent Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245892. [PMID: 34945190 PMCID: PMC8704345 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to determine the impact of COMT and DRD2 gene polymorphisms together with temperament and character traits on alcohol craving severity alcohol-dependent persons. The sample comprised of 89 men and 16 women (aged 38±7). For the sake of psychological assessment various analytic methods have been applied like the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) or Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) test. The SNP polymorphism of the analyzed genes was determined by Real Time PCR test. The results showed, that the COMT polymorphismmay have an indirected relationship with the intensity and changes in alcohol craving during abstinence. The DRD2 receptor gene polymorphisms are related with the intensity of alcohol craving. It seems that the character traits like “self-targeting”, including “self-acceptance”, are more closely related to the severity of alcohol craving and polymorphic changes in the DRD2 receptor than temperamental traits. Although this is a pilot study the obtained results appeared to be promising and clearly indicate the link betweengene polymorphisms alcohol craving and its severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Czarnecki
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ignacego Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Marcin Ziółkowski
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ignacego Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Jan Chodkiewicz
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, University of Lodz, ul. Smugowa 10/12, 91-433 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Anna Długosz
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Feldheim
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (N.W.); (A.K.-B.)
| | - Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (N.W.); (A.K.-B.)
| | - Marta Gorzkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Justice, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Budzyński
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Anna Junkiert-Czarnecka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Siomek-Górecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Nicpoń
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ignacego Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute IRCCS, Via C. Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, Italy;
| | - Mariusz Pelc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Piotr Walecki
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 7, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Laskowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Jagiellońska 15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Edward Jacek Gorzelańczyk
- Department of Theoretical Basis of BioMedical Sciences and Medical Informatics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Jagiellońska 15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Institute of Philosophy, Kazimierz Wielki University, ul. Ogińskiego 16, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Babinski Specialist Psychiatric Healthcare Center, Outpatient Addiction Treatment, ul. Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229 Łódź, Poland
- The Society for the Substitution Treatment of Addiction “Medically Assisted Recovery”, ul. Rzeźniackiego 1D, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Decaesteker B, Durinck K, Van Roy N, De Wilde B, Van Neste C, Van Haver S, Roberts S, De Preter K, Vermeirssen V, Speleman F. From DNA Copy Number Gains and Tumor Dependencies to Novel Therapeutic Targets for High-Risk Neuroblastoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1286. [PMID: 34945759 PMCID: PMC8707517 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor arising from the sympatho-adrenal lineage and a worldwide leading cause of childhood cancer-related deaths. About half of high-risk patients die from the disease while survivors suffer from multiple therapy-related side-effects. While neuroblastomas present with a low mutational burden, focal and large segmental DNA copy number aberrations are highly recurrent and associated with poor survival. It can be assumed that the affected chromosomal regions contain critical genes implicated in neuroblastoma biology and behavior. More specifically, evidence has emerged that several of these genes are implicated in tumor dependencies thus potentially providing novel therapeutic entry points. In this review, we briefly review the current status of recurrent DNA copy number aberrations in neuroblastoma and provide an overview of the genes affected by these genomic variants for which a direct role in neuroblastoma has been established. Several of these genes are implicated in networks that positively regulate MYCN expression or stability as well as cell cycle control and apoptosis. Finally, we summarize alternative approaches to identify and prioritize candidate copy-number driven dependency genes for neuroblastoma offering novel therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Grants
- P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS
- G087221N, G.0507.12, G049720N,12U4718N, 11C3921N, 11J8313N, 12B5313N, 1514215N, 1197617N,1238420N, 12Q8322N, 3F018519, 12N6917N Fund for Scientific Research Flanders
- 2018-087, 2018-125, 2020-112 Belgian Foundation against Cancer
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Decaesteker
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Kaat Durinck
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Bram De Wilde
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Stéphane Van Haver
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Stephen Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Vanessa Vermeirssen
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kim S, Choi JH, Kim NH. Challenges and Opportunities of System-Level Prognostics. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21227655. [PMID: 34833731 PMCID: PMC8625866 DOI: 10.3390/s21227655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prognostics and health management (PHM) has become an essential function for safe system operation and scheduling economic maintenance. To date, there has been much research and publications on component-level prognostics. In practice, however, most industrial systems consist of multiple components that are interlinked. This paper aims to provide a review of approaches for system-level prognostics. To achieve this goal, the approaches are grouped into four categories: health index-based, component RUL-based, influenced component-based, and multiple failure mode-based prognostics. Issues of each approach are presented in terms of the target systems and employed algorithms. Two examples of PHM datasets are used to demonstrate how the system-level prognostics should be conducted. Challenges for practical system-level prognostics are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seokgoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea;
| | - Joo-Ho Choi
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea;
| | - Nam H. Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ohta R, Ueno A, Sano C. Changes in the Comprehensiveness of Rural Medical Care for Older Japanese Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182010772. [PMID: 34682516 PMCID: PMC8535374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Help-seeking behaviors (HSBs) refer to how people use lay and medical care to address their symptoms and diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic may have changed older, rural patients’ preferences and experiences regarding HSBs, thereby, affecting the comprehensiveness of medical support for communities. This study identified changes in the comprehensiveness of medical care for older, rural patients, who are often dependent on others for accessing medical services. This observational study was performed with patients who lived in Unnan City. Patients’ dependency and changes in comprehensiveness of medical services were assessed and calculated. The total usage of medical care decreased from 2018 to 2020 at all medical care levels. The proportion of patients who received comprehensive care was higher in 2020 than in 2018, at all care levels. At care dependent levels 3 to 5, the differences in the proportions were statistically significant. This study illustrates an association between the COVID-19 pandemic and the proportion of comprehensiveness of medical care among older rural patients with a decrease in medical care usage. Moreover, an improved proportion of comprehensiveness of medical care leads to appropriate HSBs. Going forward, HSBs and patient-centered care should be promoted by policy makers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Ohta
- Community Care, Unnan City Hospital, Daito-cho Iida, Unnan 699-1221, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-9050605330
| | - Akinori Ueno
- Unnan Public Health Center, Unnan 699-1311, Japan;
| | - Chiaki Sano
- Department of Community Medicine Management, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Adachi Y, Kimura R, Hirade K, Ebi H. Escaping KRAS: Gaining Autonomy and Resistance to KRAS Inhibition in KRAS Mutant Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205081. [PMID: 34680229 PMCID: PMC8533927 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While KRAS is a driver oncogene, tumor cells can acquire mutant KRAS independency by activating pathways that functionally substitute for mutant KRAS. These KRAS-independent tumor cells exhibit a mesenchymal phenotype, readily primed for potential metastasis. The activation of YAP and/or RSK-mTOR pathways and mutations in LKB1, KEAP1, and/or NRF2 are associated with mutant KRAS autonomy. These alterations rewire survival signaling and metabolic processes originally governed by mutant KRAS. The presence of KRAS-independent cells is associated with the heterogeneity of KRAS mutant cancers, as well as variable responses to therapies. Notably, KRAS G12C-specific inhibitors appear to be effective only in tumors dependent on mutant KRAS for their survival. Therefore, determining KRAS dependency will be critical for selecting patients who should be treated with mutant-specific inhibitors. Furthermore, elucidating underlying mechanisms of KRAS autonomy is crucial towards developing optimal treatment strategies for KRAS-independent tumors. Abstract Activating mutations in KRAS are present in 25% of human cancers. When mutated, the KRAS protein becomes constitutively active, stimulating various effector pathways and leading to the deregulation of key cellular processes, including the suppression of apoptosis and enhancement of proliferation. Furthermore, mutant KRAS also promotes metabolic deregulation and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. However, some KRAS mutant cancer cells become independent of KRAS for their survival by activating diverse bypass networks that maintain essential survival signaling originally governed by mutant KRAS. The proposed inducers of KRAS independency are the activation of YAP1 and/or RSK-mTOR pathways and co-mutations in SKT11 (LKB1), KEAP1, and NFE2L2 (NRF2) genes. Metabolic reprogramming, such as increased glutaminolysis, is also associated with KRAS autonomy. The presence or absence of KRAS dependency is related to the heterogeneity of KRAS mutant cancers. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells is also a characteristic phenotype of KRAS independency. Translationally, this loss of dependence is a cause of primary and acquired resistance to mutant KRAS-specific inhibitors. While KRAS-dependent tumors can be treated with mutant KRAS inhibitor monotherapy, for KRAS-independent tumors, we need an improved understanding of activated bypass signaling pathways towards leveraging vulnerabilities, and advancing therapeutic options for this patient subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Adachi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; (Y.A.); (R.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Ryo Kimura
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; (Y.A.); (R.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Kentaro Hirade
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; (Y.A.); (R.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan; (Y.A.); (R.K.); (K.H.)
- Division of Advanced Cancer Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8650, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-764-9703; Fax: +81-52-764-2792
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Salifu I, Odame ED, Abubakar JU. University Teachers' Decisions on Post-retirement Employment: Do Demographic Variables Count? Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:23337214211041419. [PMID: 34595329 PMCID: PMC8477707 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211041419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to determine whether demographic characteristics of retiring university teachers were significantly associated with their post-retirement employment decisions, using three psychosocial theories–role theory, continuity theory and life course theory. The research used the cross-sectional survey design and relied on the simple random sampling technique to sample 235 participants who were left with 5 years or less to reach Ghana’s compulsory retirement age of 60 years. The participants were selected across 20 public universities in Ghana to complete a questionnaire. Based on a binary logistic regression analysis, the research found that, apart from the rank and health status of the participants, other variables such as gender, kind of university, family size, marital status and levels of involvement in university activities significantly determined the participants’ decisions regarding a working life after retirement. Against this backdrop, the research concluded that within the academic milieu, certain demographic factors were key determinants of post-retirement employment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inusah Salifu
- Department of Adult Education and Human Resource Studies, School of Continuing and Distance Education, College of Education, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Inusah Salifu, Department of Adult Education and Human Resource Studies, College of Education, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 31, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Ebenezer D. Odame
- Department of Distance Education, School of Continuing and Distance Education, College of Education, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jibreel U. Abubakar
- Department of Business Administration, University for Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|