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Ferreira A, Aversa-Marnai M, Villarino A, Silva-Álvarez V. Innate immune and chronic heat stress responses in sturgeons: Advances and insights from studies on Russian sturgeons. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 5:100121. [PMID: 37964807 PMCID: PMC10641160 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress deteriorates the immune function of fish, thereby increasing their vulnerability to infections. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying stress-mediated immunosuppression and infection susceptibility in fish remain largely unknown. Understanding these mechanisms will contribute to improving fish welfare and their farm production. Herein, we review the challenges of sturgeon aquaculture in subtropical countries, where current climate change has giving rise to significant temperature increments during summer. This leads to the exposure of fish to stressful conditions during these months. Chronic heat stress deserves attention considering the rapid warming rate of the planet. It is already affecting wild fish populations, with disastrous consequences for sturgeons, which are one of the most endangered fish species in the world. In this context, we discuss the most recent advances through the studies on the effects of chronic heat stress on the innate immune components of sturgeons. To this end, we summarise the findings of studies focusing on the aquaculture of Russian sturgeons and observations made on other Acipenser species. Special attention is given to acute-phase proteins, as they might be valuable biomarkers of heat stress and infection, with applicability in monitoring the fish health status in farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Ferreira
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M. Aversa-Marnai
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A. Villarino
- Sección Bioquímica, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - V. Silva-Álvarez
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Xu Y, Zhang X, Li D, Qian K, Liu Y, Xu T, Dai L, Cheng J. The transcriptome sequencing analysis reveals immune mechanisms of soybean fermented powder on the loach ( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in response to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1247038. [PMID: 37662918 PMCID: PMC10471800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1247038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), a small commercial fish that is widely cultivated for its high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals, and essential amino acid, is a member of the genus Misgurnus and the family Cyprinidae. In this study, we gave the LPS-injected loach fermented soybean meal and used transcriptome sequencing to investigate the impact of the fermented soybean powder on the loach's immune system. 3384 up-regulated genes and 12116 down-regulated genes were found among the 15500 differentially expressed genes, according to the results. The differentially expressed genes were shown to be involved in cellular processes, metabolic processes, cellular anatomical entities, and binding, according to the Go functional annotation. Meanwhile, the KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the soybean fermented powder treated groups showed significant differences in DNA replication, Nucleotide excision repair, Fanconi anemia pathway, and Base excision repair pathways, suggesting that these pathways are closely related to the enhancement of the immune function of loach by soybean fermented powder. The particular conclusions not exclusively can provide a new conception for the rational utilization of soybean fermented powder but also can provide theoretical guidance for the subsequent healthy breeding of loach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Xu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Food Microbial Fermentation and Functional Application, Hefei, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongqi Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Food Microbial Fermentation and Functional Application, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Food Microbial Fermentation and Functional Application, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingjuan Xu
- Gerontology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lishang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Cheng
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Food Microbial Fermentation and Functional Application, Hefei, China
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Dou B, Wu X, Xia Z, Wu G, Guo Q, Lyu M, Wang S. Multiple Bioactivities of Peptides from Hydrolyzed Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062589. [PMID: 36985560 PMCID: PMC10053552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (loach) is a widely distributed benthic fish in Asia. In this study, the alkaline protease was used to hydrolyze loach, and the hydrolysate products of different molecular weights were obtained by membrane separation. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the <3 kDa fraction (SLH-1) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging ability, and reducing power), while SLH-1 was purified by gel filtration chromatography, and peptide sequences were identified by LC-MS/MS. A total of six peptides with antioxidant activity were identified, namely SERDPSNIKWGDAGAQ (D-1), TVDGPSGKLWR (D-2), NDHFVKL (D-3), AFRVPTP (D-4), DAGAGIAL (D-5), and VSVVDLTVR (D-6). In vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition assay and pancreatic cholesterol esterase (CE) inhibition assay, peptide D-4 (IC50 95.07 μg/mL, 0.12 mM) and D-2 inhibited ACE, and peptide D-2 (IC50 3.19 mg/mL, 2.62 mM), D-3, and D-6 acted as pancreatic CE inhibitors. The inhibitory mechanisms of these peptides were investigated by molecular docking. The results showed that the peptides acted by binding to the key amino acids of the catalytic domain of enzymes. These results could provide the basis for the nutritional value and promote the type of healthy products from hydrolyzed loach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Dou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zihan Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Guanghao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Quanyou Guo
- East China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (S.W.)
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Luo L, Chang Y, Sun B, Su B, Zhang L, Nie L, Chen J, Liang L. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the transferrin gene in Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) in response to high alkaline stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.2016419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Chang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqun Liang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Serum amyloid A is a positive acute phase protein in Russian sturgeon challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22162. [PMID: 33335147 PMCID: PMC7746741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of sturgeons, one of the most ancient and economically valuable fish worldwide, is poorly understood. The lack of molecular tools and data about infection biomarkers hinders the possibility to monitor sturgeon health during farming and detect infection outbreaks. To tackle this issue, we mined publicly available transcriptomic datasets and identified putative positive acute-phase proteins (APPs) of Russian sturgeons that could be induced by a bacterial infection and monitored using non-invasive methods. Teleost literature compelled us to focus on five promising candidates: hepcidin, a warm acclimation associated hemopexin, intelectin, serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and serotransferrin. Among them, SAA was the most upregulated protein at the mRNA level in the liver of sturgeons challenged with heat-inactivated or live Aeromonas hydrophila. To assess whether this upregulation yielded increasing SAA levels in circulation, we developed an in-house ELISA to quantify SAA levels in sturgeon serum. Circulating SAA rose upon bacterial challenge and positively correlated with hepatic saa expression. This is the first time serum SAA has been quantified in an Actinopterygii fish. Since APPs vary across different fish species, our work sheds light on sturgeon acute-phase response, revealing that SAA is a positive APP with potential value as infection biomarker.
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Chen JH, Li X, Wang MJ, Wang CM, Peng YQ, Wang HH, Zhu M. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of myd88 from oriental weatherfish (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in response to bacterial challenge. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1341-1348. [PMID: 32162333 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immune response. In this study, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of myd88 from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus was characterized. The myd88 cDNA is 1333 bp in length and contains an 855 bp open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 284 amino acids. The predicted protein possesses typical Myd88 domain structural features including a death domain in the N-terminus, and box 1, 2, and 3 motifs of the Toll/IL-1 receptor domain in the C-terminus. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that myd88 messenger RNA (mRNA) was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, especially highly in brain, kidney, blood, intestines and liver. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of Myd88 after Aeromonas veronii challenge, respectively. The Myd88 was remarkably upregulated in response to infection of A. veronii. These results suggested that Myd88 may play a vital role during the immune response of M. anguillicaudatus against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian H Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Meng J Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chun M Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yan Q Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hai H Wang
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Lianyungang Long-Yangtze Biotech Company, Lianyungang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Lianyungang Long-Yangtze Biotech Company, Lianyungang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Lianyungang, China
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7
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Li HW, Chen C, Kuo WL, Lin CJ, Chang CF, Wu GC. The Characteristics and Expression Profile of Transferrin in the Accessory Nidamental Gland of the Bigfin Reef Squid during Bacteria Transmission. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20163. [PMID: 31882835 PMCID: PMC6934447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The accessory nidamental gland (ANG) is a female reproductive organ found in most squid and cuttlefish that contains a consortium of bacteria. These symbiotic bacteria are transmitted from the marine environment and selected by the host through an unknown mechanism. In animals, a common antimicrobial mechanism of innate immunity is iron sequestration, which is based on the development of transferrin (TF)-like proteins. To understand this mechanism of host-microbe interaction, we attempted to characterize the role of transferrin in bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) during bacterial transmission. qPCR analysis showed that Tf was exclusively expressed in the outer layer of ANG,and this was confirmed by in situ hybridization, which showed that Tf was localized in the outer epithelial cell layer of the ANG. Western blot analysis indicated that TF is a soluble glycoprotein. Immunohistochemical staining also showed that TF is localized in the outer epithelial cell layer of the ANG and that it is mainly expressed in the outer layer during ANG growth. These results suggest that robust Tf mRNA and TF protein expression in the outer layer of the ANG plays an important role in microbe selection by the host during bacterial transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Wen Li
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan. .,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Liu XL, Wang YK, Ouyang S, Zhu YY, Li W, Hong XY, Xu HY, Zhu XP. Evolutionary conservation of transferrin genomic organization and expression characterization in seven freshwater turtles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:874-882. [PMID: 30392910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Serum transferrin (tf), encoding an iron-binding glycoprotein, has been revealed to play important roles in iron transportation and immune response, and it also has been demonstrated to be valuable for phylogenetic analysis in vertebrates. However, the evolutionary conservation, expression profiles and positive selection of transferrin genes among freshwater turtle species remain largely unclear. Here, the genomic DNA and coding sequences of transferrin genes were cloned and characterized in seven freshwater turtles including Mauremys mutica, Mauremys sinensis, Cyclemys dentate, Mauremyssi reevesi, Heosemys grandis, Trachemys scripta and Chrysemys picta. The isolated coding sequences of turtles' tf genes were 2118 bp or 2121 bp, encoding 706 or 707 amino acids. The predicted Tf proteins of turtles share high identities with M. mutica Tf, up to 91%-98% and the M. mutica Tf has the highest identity (91%) in amino acid with the Chelomia mydas Tf, the moderate with other reptiles' Tfs (65%-59%), chicken (58%), and Human Tf (∼55%), and the lowest with zebrafish Tf (41%). Additionally, tf genes were consistently composed of 17 exons and 16 introns with the same splicing sites in introns in all the turtles examined. Moreover, 12 positive selected sites were detected in these turtles' Tf and mainly distributed on the surface of transferrin protein. Importantly, it was found that transferrin genes in all turtles examined were predominantly expressed in adult liver via real-time quantitative PCR. The molecular characterizations and expression profiles of transferrin would shed new insights into understanding the conversations and divergences of transferrin genes in turtles, even in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Life Science and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Life Science and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xiao-You Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Xin-Ping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
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Poochai W, Choowongkomon K, Srisapoome P, Unajak S, Areechon N. Characterization and expression analysis of the transferrin gene in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its upregulation in response to Streptococcus agalactiae infection. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1473-1485. [PMID: 24770882 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, full-length tilapia transferrin (OnTF) isolated from liver cDNA of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was found to have an open reading frame of 2,091-bp encoding 696 amino acid residues. Two additional amino acids: Gly(369) and Gly(370) were observed compared with the reported Nile tilapia transferrin protein sequence. Pre-mature protein has a predicted molecular weight of 78.2 kDa, while mature protein is 73.28 kDa in size. Comparative sequence analysis with transferrin from other species revealed two major putative iron-binding domains designated as the N-lobe and the C-lobe in accordance with the transferrin protein characteristics. The predicted tertiary structure of tilapia transferrin confirmed the presence of iron and anion-binding sites on both lobes that are conserved among transferrins from other species. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed significantly higher expression of tilapia transferrin gene in liver than in other tissues (p < 0.05). Transferrin expression in tilapia experimentally infected with 10(6) and 10(8) colony-forming units mL(-1) of Streptococcus agalactiae was significantly upregulated at 24 and 12 h post-infection (hpi), respectively, and decreased afterward. Iron-deficiency in serum of bacterially infected fish was detected at 48 and 24 hpi, respectively. The expression pattern of the transferrin gene and the iron levels of infected tilapia in this study were consistent with the function of transferrin in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watsida Poochai
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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