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Cano-Barbacil C, Radinger J, Argudo M, Rubio-Gracia F, Vila-Gispert A, García-Berthou E. Key factors explaining critical swimming speed in freshwater fish: a review and statistical analysis for Iberian species. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18947. [PMID: 33144649 PMCID: PMC7609642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Swimming performance is a key feature that mediates fitness and survival in aquatic animals. Dispersal, habitat selection, predator-prey interactions and reproduction are processes that depend on swimming capabilities. Testing the critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of fish is the most straightforward method to assess their prolonged swimming performance. We analysed the contribution of several predictor variables (total body length, experimental water temperature, time step interval between velocity increments, species identity, taxonomic affiliation, native status, body shape and form factor) in explaining the variation of Ucrit, using linear models and random forests. We compiled in total 204 studies testing Ucrit of 35 inland fishes of the Iberian Peninsula, including 17 alien species that are non-native to that region. We found that body length is largely the most important predictor of Ucrit out of the eight tested variables, followed by family, time step interval and species identity. By contrast, form factor, temperature, body shape and native status were less important. Results showed a generally positive relationship between Ucrit and total body length, but regression slopes varied markedly among families and species. By contrast, linear models did not show significant differences between native and alien species. In conclusion, the present study provides a first comprehensive database of Ucrit in Iberian freshwater fish, which can be thus of considerable interest for habitat management and restoration plans. The resulting data represents a sound foundation to assess fish responses to hydrological alteration (e.g. water flow tolerance and dispersal capacities), or to categorize their habitat preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cano-Barbacil
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Johannes Radinger
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - María Argudo
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Francesc Rubio-Gracia
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Vila-Gispert
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Emili García-Berthou
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
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Collar DC, Thompson JS, Ralston TC, Hobbs TJ. Fast-start escape performance across temperature and salinity gradients in mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:755-767. [PMID: 32010969 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast-start predator-escape performance of mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus was tested across field-informed variation in temperature (24, 30 and 36°C) and salinity (2, 12 and 32 ppt). Performance was similar across temperatures and salinities when fish were allowed to acclimate to these conditions. However, when mummichogs experienced acute temperature changes, performance exhibited thermal dependence in two contrasting ways. Fast-start turning rates and linear speeds varied directly with the temperature at which the manoeuvre was executed, but these aspects of performance varied inversely with acclimation temperature, with cool-acclimated fish exhibiting faster starts across test temperatures. Temperature effects were consistent across salinities. These results suggest that while mummichogs increase performance with acute temperature increases, long-term rises in sea temperature may cause these fish to become more susceptible to predation during abrupt cooling events, such as when storm events flood shallow water estuaries with cool rainwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Collar
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
| | - Jessica S Thompson
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
| | - Tyler C Ralston
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
| | - Trevor J Hobbs
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
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Christensen EAF, Stieglitz JD, Grosell M, Steffensen JF. Intra-Specific Difference in the Effect of Salinity on Physiological Performance in European Perch ( Perca fluviatilis) and Its Ecological Importance for Fish in Estuaries. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8040089. [PMID: 31744192 PMCID: PMC6956070 DOI: 10.3390/biology8040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Changes in environmental salinity challenge fish homeostasis and may affect physiological performance, such as swimming capacity and metabolism, which are important for foraging, migration, and escaping predators in the wild. The effects of salinity stress on physiological performance are largely species specific, but may also depend on intra-specific differences in physiological capabilities of sub-populations. We measured critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and metabolic rates during swimming and at rest at salinities of 0 and 10 in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) from a low salinity tolerance population (LSTP) and a high salinity tolerance population (HSTP). Ucrit of LSTP was significantly reduced at a salinity of 10 yet was unaffected by salinity change in HSTP. We did not detect a significant cost of osmoregulation, which should theoretically be apparent from the metabolic rates during swimming and at rest at a salinity of 0 compared to at a salinity of 10 (iso-osmotic). Maximum metabolic rates were also not affected by salinity, indicating a modest tradeoff between respiration and osmoregulation (osmo-respiratory compromise). Intra-specific differences in effects of salinity on physiological performance are important for fish species to maintain ecological compatibility in estuarine environments, yet render these sub-populations vulnerable to fisheries. The findings of the present study are therefore valuable knowledge in conservation and management of estuarine fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil A. F. Christensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Elsinore, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - John D. Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA;
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA;
| | - John F. Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Elsinore, Denmark;
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Thompson JS. Salinity affects growth but not thermal preference of adult mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:1107-1115. [PMID: 31329269 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of an ecologically relevant range of salinities (2, 12, 22, 32) on thermal preferences and growth of adult mummichogs Fundulus heteroclitus were determined for fish from a southern Chesapeake Bay population. Salinity did not affect the mean temperature selected by F. heteroclitus in a thermal gradient, which was identified as 26.6°C based on observations of 240 individuals. Salinity and temperature had significant and interacting effects on growth rates of F. heteroclitus measured over 12 weeks. Growth rates were highest overall and remained high over a broader range of temperatures at moderate salinities (12 and 22), while high growth rates were shifted toward lower temperatures for fish grown at a salinity of 2 and higher temperatures at a salinity of 32. Significant reductions in growth relative to the optimal conditions (28.6°C, salinity of 22) were observed at the coolest (19.6°C) and warmest (33.6°C) temperature tested at all salinities, as well as temperatures ≥ 26.6°C at a salinity of 2, ≥ 28.6°C at a salinity of 12 and ≤ 26.6°C at a salinity of 32. Growth rates provide a long-term, organismal measure of performance and results of this study indicate that performance may be reduced under conditions that the highly euryhaline F. heteroclitus can otherwise easily tolerate. The combination of reduced salinity and increased temperature that is predicted for temperate estuaries as a result of climate change may have negative effects on growth of this ecologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Thompson
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA
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Penny FM, Kieffer JD. Lack of change in swimming capacity (U crit) following acute salinity exposure in juvenile shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1167-1175. [PMID: 30874954 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Saint John River (SJR) is home to the only Canadian population of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum. Adult shortnose sturgeon routinely enter saltwater to forage, yet less is known about how juveniles cope with the associated osmoregulatory pressures. Recently, it has been shown that short-term (24 h) exposure to saltwater causes significant changes to ion and water levels in juvenile shortnose. In some species of fish, notably salmonids, it has been shown that shifts in fluid and ion levels following saltwater challenges reduce the swimming capacity. The relationship between ion concentration and swimming capacity is not well understood for sturgeon species. Our research aimed to determine whether short-term salt exposure affects swimming ability in juvenile shortnose sturgeon. Juvenile, SJR, hatchery-raised shortnose sturgeon (< 1 year old) were exposed to salinities of 0 (control), 16, or 24‰ for 24 h and then subjected to a critical swimming speed test (Ucrit) to quantify swimming ability. Following the test, the fish were weighed and blood samples were drawn to be analyzed for plasma ion and cortisol levels. While ion levels and weight loss were significantly higher in salt exposed fish, there were no significant differences in critical swimming speed or cortisol concentrations. This is in contrast to what has been observed in salmonids and Adriatic sturgeon. This suggests the hydromineral imbalance caused by moderate salt exposure is not sufficient to affect the swimming performance of shortnose sturgeon. Shortnose sturgeon are not thought to enter the saline stretches of the SJR until roughly 8 years of age, yet this research shows that much younger juveniles withstand moderate salinity for short periods, with little whole-animal ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Penny
- Department of Biological Sciences and MADSAM Sturgeon Eco-Physiology Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada.
| | - J D Kieffer
- Department of Biological Sciences and MADSAM Sturgeon Eco-Physiology Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
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Li J, Li W, Zhang X. Effects of dissolved oxygen, starvation, temperature, and salinity on the locomotive ability of juvenile Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1526215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wentao Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266072, China
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Yu X, Chen L, Cui W, Xing B, Zhuang X, Zhang G. Effects of acute temperature and salinity changes, body length and starvation on the critical swimming speed of juvenile tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:311-318. [PMID: 29082461 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The critical swimming speed (U crit, cm s-1) of juvenile tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes was determined under different temperatures (15, 21, 25 and 30 °C), salinities (5, 10, 20, 32 and 40), body lengths (3.32, 4.08, 5.06 and 5.74 cm) and starvation days (1, 3, 6 and 9 days). Acute temperature change, body length and starvation significantly influenced the U crit of tiger puffers, whereas acute salinity change had no significant effect. The U crit increased as the temperature increased from 15 to 30 °C. The U crit increased as the body length increased from 3.32 to 5.74 cm, whereas relative critical swimming speed (U crit', body length s-1) decreased. The relationship between the body length (l, cm) and U crit or U crit' can be described by the quadratic model as U crit = - 1.4088 l 2 + 16.976 l - 11.64, R 2 = 0.9698 (P < 0.01) or U crit' = - 0.1937 l 2 + 0.9504 l + 7.7666, R 2 = 0.9493 (P < 0.01). The U crit decreased as starvation days increased from 1 to 9 days. Low temperature and starvation can reduce the swimming ability of juvenile tiger puffers. Results can be of value in evaluating the swimming ability of juvenile tiger puffers, understanding ecological processes and improving the population enhancement of tiger puffers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yu
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenda Cui
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Binbin Xing
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xin Zhuang
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guosheng Zhang
- Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Marshall WS, Tait JC, Mercer EW. Salinity Preference in the Estuarine Teleost Fish Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus): Halocline Behavior. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:225-32. [DOI: 10.1086/686037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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