1
|
Structural and Functional Modulation of Perineuronal Nets: In Search of Important Players with Highlight on Tenascins. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061345. [PMID: 34072323 PMCID: PMC8230358 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain plays a crucial role in providing optimal conditions for neuronal function. Interactions between neurons and a specialized form of ECM, perineuronal nets (PNN), are considered a key mechanism for the regulation of brain plasticity. Such an assembly of interconnected structural and regulatory molecules has a prominent role in the control of synaptic plasticity. In this review, we discuss novel ways of studying the interplay between PNN and its regulatory components, particularly tenascins, in the processes of synaptic plasticity, mechanotransduction, and neurogenesis. Since enhanced neuronal activity promotes PNN degradation, it is possible to study PNN remodeling as a dynamical change in the expression and organization of its constituents that is reflected in its ultrastructure. The discovery of these subtle modifications is enabled by the development of super-resolution microscopy and advanced methods of image analysis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim MH, Park SR, Choi BH. Comparative Analysis of the Expression of Chondroitin Sulfate Subtypes and Their Inhibitory Effect on Axonal Growth in the Embryonic, Adult, and Injured Rat Brains. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 18:165-178. [PMID: 32939673 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) are the primary inhibitory GAGs for neuronal growth after central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, the inhibitory or permissive activity of CS-GAG subtypes is controversial and depends on the physiological needs of CNS tissues. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and effects of CS-GAGs on axonal growth, which was isolated from the brain cortices of normal rat embryo at E18, normal adult rat brain and injured adult rat brain. METHODS Isolated CS-GAGs from embryo, normal adult, and injured adult rat brains were used for analyzing their effect on attachment and axonal growth using modified spot assay with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants and cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). CS-GAGs were separated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the subtypes of CS-GAGs were analyzed. RESULTS CS-GAGs of all three groups inhibited CGN attachment and axonal growth of DRGs. However, CS-GAGs of normal adult rat brain exhibited higher inhibitory activity than those of the other groups in both assays. When subtypes of CS-GAGs were analyzed using HPLC, CS-A (4S) was the most abundant in all three groups and found in largest amount in normal adult rat brain. In contrast, unsulfated CS (CS0) and CS-C (6S) were more abundant by 3-4-folds in E18 group than in the two adult groups. CONCLUSION When compared with the normal adult rat brain, injured rat brain showed relatively similar patterns to that of embryonic rat brain at E18 in the expression of CS subtypes and their inhibitory effect on axonal growth. This phenomenon could be due to differential expression of CS-GAGs subtypes causing decrease in the amount of CS-A and mature-type CS proteoglycan core proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hang Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Park
- Department of Physiology, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cornez G, Shevchouk OT, Ghorbanpoor S, Ball GF, Cornil CA, Balthazart J. Testosterone stimulates perineuronal nets development around parvalbumin cells in the adult canary brain in parallel with song crystallization. Horm Behav 2020; 119:104643. [PMID: 31785283 PMCID: PMC7065963 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNN) of the extracellular matrix are dense aggregations of chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycans that usually surround fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (PV). The development of PNN around PV appears specifically at the end of sensitive periods of visual learning and limits the synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex of mammals. Seasonal songbirds display a high level of adult neuroplasticity associated with vocal learning, which is regulated by fluctuations of circulating testosterone concentrations. Seasonal changes in testosterone concentrations and in neuroplasticity are associated with vocal changes between the non-breeding and breeding seasons. Increases in blood testosterone concentrations in the spring lead to the annual crystallization of song so that song becomes more stereotyped. Here we explore whether testosterone also regulates PNN expression in the song control system of male and female canaries. We show that, in both males and females, testosterone increases the number of PNN and of PV neurons in the three main telencephalic song control nuclei HVC, RA (nucleus robustus arcopallialis) and Area X and increases the PNN localization around PV interneurons. Singing activity was recorded in males and quantitative analyses demonstrated that testosterone also increased male singing rate, song duration and song energy while decreasing song entropy. Together, these data suggest that the development of PNN could provide the synaptic stability required to maintain the stability of the testosterone-induced crystallized song. This provides the new evidence for a role of PNN in the regulation of adult seasonal plasticity in seasonal songbirds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Cornez
- GIGA Neuroscience, University of Liege, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Gregory F Ball
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Macke EL, Henningsen E, Jessen E, Zumwalde NA, Landowski M, Western DE, Lee WH, Liu C, Gruenke NP, Doebley AL, Miller S, Pattnaik B, Ikeda S, Gumperz JE, Ikeda A. Loss of Chondroitin Sulfate Modification Causes Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in skt Mice. Genetics 2020; 214:121-134. [PMID: 31754016 PMCID: PMC6944401 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One major aspect of the aging process is the onset of chronic, low-grade inflammation that is highly associated with age-related diseases. The molecular mechanisms that regulate these processes have not been fully elucidated. We have identified a spontaneous mutant mouse line, small with kinky tail (skt), that exhibits accelerated aging and age-related disease phenotypes including increased inflammation in the brain and retina, enhanced age-dependent retinal abnormalities including photoreceptor cell degeneration, neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, and reduced lifespan. By positional cloning, we identified a deletion in chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (Chsy1) that is responsible for these phenotypes in skt mice. CHSY1 is a member of the chondroitin N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family that plays critical roles in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is attached to the core protein to form the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). Consistent with this function, the Chsy1 mutation dramatically decreases chondroitin sulfate GAGs in the retina and hippocampus. In addition, macrophage and neutrophil populations appear significantly altered in the bone marrow and spleen of skt mice, suggesting an important role for CHSY1 in the functioning of these immune cell types. Thus, our study reveals a previously unidentified impact of CHSY1 in the retina and hippocampus. Specifically, chondroitin sulfate (CS) modification of proteins by CHSY1 appears critical for proper regulation of immune cells of the myeloid lineage and for maintaining the integrity of neuronal tissues, since a defect in this gene results in increased inflammation and abnormal phenotypes associated with age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Macke
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Erika Henningsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Erik Jessen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nicholas A Zumwalde
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Michael Landowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Daniel E Western
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wei-Hua Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Che Liu
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nathan P Gruenke
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Anna-Lisa Doebley
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Samuel Miller
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Bikash Pattnaik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Sakae Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Jenny E Gumperz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Flores JA, Ramírez-Ponce MP, Montes MÁ, Balseiro-Gómez S, Acosta J, Álvarez de Toledo G, Alés E. Proteoglycans involved in bidirectional communication between mast cells and hippocampal neurons. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:107. [PMID: 31109355 PMCID: PMC6528191 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) in the brain can respond to environmental cues and relay signals to neurons that may directly influence neuronal electrical activity, calcium signaling, and neurotransmission. MCs also express receptors for neurotransmitters and consequently can be activated by them. Here, we developed a coculture model of peritoneal MCs, incubated together with dissociated hippocampal neurons for the study of cellular mechanisms involved in the mast cell-neuron interactions. METHODS Calcium imaging was used to simultaneously record changes in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i in neurons and MCs. To provide insight into the contribution of MCs on neurotransmitter release in rat hippocampal neurons, we used analysis of FM dye release, evoked by a cocktail of mediators from MCs stimulated by heat. RESULTS Bidirectional communication is set up between MCs and hippocampal neurons. Neuronal depolarization caused intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i oscillations in MCs that produced a quick response in neurons. Furthermore, activation of MCs with antigen or the secretagogue compound 48/80 also resulted in a neuronal [Ca2+]i response. Moreover, local application onto neurons of the MC mediator cocktail elicited Ca2+ transients and a synaptic release associated with FM dye destaining. Neuronal response was partially blocked by D-APV, a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, and was inhibited when the cocktail was pre-digested with chondroitinase ABC, which induces enzymatic removal of proteoglycans of chondroitin sulfate (CS). CONCLUSIONS MC-hippocampal neuron interaction affects neuronal [Ca2+]i and exocytosis signaling through a NMDAR-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Flores
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Pilar Ramírez-Ponce
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Montes
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Santiago Balseiro-Gómez
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Present Address: Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Jorge Acosta
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo Álvarez de Toledo
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Alés
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu P, Pearson CS, Geller HM. Flexible Roles for Proteoglycan Sulfation and Receptor Signaling. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:47-61. [PMID: 29150096 PMCID: PMC5748001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) play vital roles in axon growth and navigation, plasticity, and regeneration of injured neurons. Different classes of PGs may support or inhibit cell growth, and their functions are determined in part by highly specific structural features. Among these, the pattern of sulfation on the PG sugar chains is a paramount determinant of a diverse and flexible set of outcomes. Recent studies of PG sulfation illustrate the challenges of attributing biological actions to specific sulfation patterns, and suggest ways in which highly similar molecules may exert opposing effects on neurons. The receptors for PGs, which have yet to be fully characterized, display a similarly nuanced spectrum of effects. Different classes of PG function via overlapping families of receptors and signaling pathways. This enables them to control axon growth and guidance with remarkable specificity, but it poses challenges for determining the precise binding interactions and downstream effects of different PGs and their assorted sulfated epitopes. This review examines existing and emerging evidence for the roles of PG sulfation and receptor interactions in determining how these complex molecules influence neuronal development, growth, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Craig S Pearson
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Herbert M Geller
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dubey D, McRae PA, Rankin-Gee EK, Baranov E, Wandrey L, Rogers S, Porter BE. Increased metalloproteinase activity in the hippocampus following status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2017; 132:50-58. [PMID: 28292736 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased neuronal plasticity and neuronal cell loss has been implicated in the development of epilepsy following injury. Parvalbumin fast spiking inhibitory interneurons have a robust extracellular matrix coating their cell bodies and the proximal dendrites called the perineuronal net (PNN). The role of the PNN is not clear but it has been implicated in closing of the critical period, altering seizure thresholds and providing neuronal protection from oxidative stress. The PNN is susceptible to degradation following a prolonged seizure and there is an increase in proteolytic-fragments of the PNN enriched proteoglycan aggrecan (Dzwonek et al., 2004). Here we demonstrate an increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the hippocampus following status epilepticus (SE). We further assessed MMP3 and 13, two of 24 identified MMPs, both MMP3 and 13 mRNA increase in the hippocampus after SE and MMP13 activity increases by functional assay as well as it co-localizes with PNN in rat brain. In contrast, two of the brain expressed ADAMTS (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs) also implicated in aggrecan degradation, did not consistently increase following SE though ADAMTS4 is highly expressed in glia and ADAMTS5 in neuronal cell bodies and their processes. The increase in MMP activity following SE suggests that in the future studies, MMP inhibitors are candidates for blocking PNN degradation and assessing the role of the PNN loss in epileptogenesis and cellular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Dubey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, P211 MSLS, Stanford CA 94305, United States
| | - Paulette A McRae
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neurology, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia PA 19104, United States
| | - Elyse K Rankin-Gee
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, P211 MSLS, Stanford CA 94305, United States
| | - Esther Baranov
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neurology, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia PA 19104, United States
| | - Luke Wandrey
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neurology, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia PA 19104, United States
| | - Stephanie Rogers
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neurology, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia PA 19104, United States
| | - Brenda E Porter
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, P211 MSLS, Stanford CA 94305, United States; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics and Division of Neurology, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sulfated Glycans and Related Digestive Enzymes in the Zika Virus Infectivity: Potential Mechanisms of Virus-Host Interaction and Perspectives in Drug Discovery. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2017; 2017:4894598. [PMID: 28203251 PMCID: PMC5288528 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4894598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As broadly reported, there is an ongoing Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in countries of Latin America. Recent findings have demonstrated that ZIKV causes severe defects on the neural development in fetuses in utero and newborns. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the ZIKV infectivity. Potential therapeutic agents are also under investigation. In this report, the possible mechanisms of action played by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) displayed at the surface proteoglycans of host cells, and likely in charge of interactions with surface proteins of the ZIKV, are highlighted. As is common for the most viruses, these sulfated glycans serve as receptors for virus attachment onto the host cells and consequential entry during infection. The applications of (1) exogenous sulfated glycans of different origins and chemical structures capable of competing with the virus attachment receptors (supposedly GAGs) and (2) GAG-degrading enzymes able to digest the virus attachment receptors on the cells may be therapeutically beneficial as anti-ZIKV. This communication attempts, therefore, to offer some guidance for the future research programs aimed to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying the ZIKV infectivity and to develop therapeutics capable of decreasing the devastating consequences caused by ZIKV outbreak in the Americas.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ebbers L, Satheesh SV, Janz K, Rüttiger L, Blosa M, Hofmann F, Morawski M, Griesemer D, Knipper M, Friauf E, Nothwang HG. L-type Calcium Channel Cav1.2 Is Required for Maintenance of Auditory Brainstem Nuclei. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23692-710. [PMID: 26242732 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 are the major L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in the CNS. Yet, their individual in vivo functions are largely unknown. Both channel subunits are expressed in the auditory brainstem, where Cav1.3 is essential for proper maturation. Here, we investigated the role of Cav1.2 by targeted deletion in the mouse embryonic auditory brainstem. Similar to Cav1.3, loss of Cav1.2 resulted in a significant decrease in the volume and cell number of auditory nuclei. Contrary to the deletion of Cav1.3, the action potentials of lateral superior olive (LSO) neurons were narrower compared with controls, whereas the firing behavior and neurotransmission appeared unchanged. Furthermore, auditory brainstem responses were nearly normal in mice lacking Cav1.2. Perineuronal nets were also unaffected. The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body underwent a rapid cell loss between postnatal days P0 and P4, shortly after circuit formation. Phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), nuclear NFATc4, and the expression levels of p75NTR, Fas, and FasL did not correlate with cell death. These data demonstrate for the first time that both Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 are necessary for neuronal survival but are differentially required for the biophysical properties of neurons. Thus, they perform common as well as distinct functions in the same tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ebbers
- From the Neurogenetics Group, Center of Excellence Hearing4All, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Somisetty V Satheesh
- From the Neurogenetics Group, Center of Excellence Hearing4All, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Janz
- the Animal Physiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserlautern, P. O. Box 3049, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- the Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede Aulhorn Strasse 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maren Blosa
- the Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franz Hofmann
- the Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 München, and
| | - Markus Morawski
- the Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, University Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Désirée Griesemer
- the Animal Physiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserlautern, P. O. Box 3049, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- the Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Centre Tübingen (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Elfriede Aulhorn Strasse 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eckhard Friauf
- the Animal Physiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserlautern, P. O. Box 3049, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans Gerd Nothwang
- From the Neurogenetics Group, Center of Excellence Hearing4All, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany, the Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Walters R, Medintz IL, Delehanty JB, Stewart MH, Susumu K, Huston AL, Dawson PE, Dawson G. The Role of Negative Charge in the Delivery of Quantum Dots to Neurons. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/4/1759091415592389. [PMID: 26243591 PMCID: PMC4550297 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415592389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite our extensive knowledge of the structure of negatively charged cell surface proteoglycans and sialoglycoconjugates in the brain, we have little understanding of how their negative charge contributes to brain function. We have previously shown that intensely photoluminescent 9-nm diameter quantum dots (QDs) with a CdSe core, a ZnS shell, and a negatively charged compact molecular ligand coating (CL4) selectively target neurons rather than glia. We now provide an explanation for this selective neuronal delivery. In this study, we compared three zwitterionic QD coatings differing only in their regions of positive or negative charge, as well as a positively charged (NH2) polyethylene glycol (PEG) coat, for their ability to deliver the cell-membrane-penetrating chaperone lipopeptide JB577 (WG(Palmitoyl)VKIKKP9G2H6) to individual cells in neonatal rat hippocampal slices. We confirm both that preferential uptake in neurons, and the lack of uptake in glia, is strongly associated with having a region of greater negative charge on the QD coating. In addition, the role of negatively charged chondroitin sulfate of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in restricting uptake was further suggested by digesting neonatal rat hippocampal slices with chondroitinase ABC and showing increased uptake of QDs by oligodendrocytes. Treatment still did not affect uptake in astrocytes or microglia. Finally, the future potential of using QDs as vehicles for trafficking proteins into cells continues to show promise, as we show that by administering a histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein (eGFP-His6) to hippocampal slices, we can observe neuronal uptake of GFP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Walters
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James B Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael H Stewart
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alan L Huston
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Glyn Dawson
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, IL, USA Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hudson AE, Gollnick C, Gourdine JP, Prinz AA. Degradation of extracellular chondroitin sulfate delays recovery of network activity after perturbation. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:1346-52. [PMID: 26108956 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00455.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are widely studied in vertebrate systems and are known to play a key role in development, plasticity, and regulation of cortical circuitry. The mechanistic details of this role are still elusive, but increasingly central to the investigation is the homeostatic balance between network excitation and inhibition. Studying a simpler neuronal circuit may prove advantageous for discovering the mechanistic details of the cellular effects of CSPGs. In this study we used a well-established model of homeostatic change after injury in the crab Cancer borealis to show first evidence that CSPGs are necessary for network activity homeostasis. We degraded CSPGs in the pyloric circuit of the stomatogastric ganglion with the enzyme chondroitinase ABC (chABC) and found that removal of CSPGs does not influence the ongoing rhythm of the pyloric circuit but does limit its capacity for recovery after a networkwide perturbation. Without CSPGs, the postperturbation rhythm is slower than in controls and rhythm recovery is delayed. In addition to providing a new model system for the study of CSPGs, this study suggests a wider role for CSPGs, and perhaps the extracellular matrix in general, beyond simply plastic reorganization (as observed in mammals) and into a foundational regulatory role of neural circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Hudson
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Clare Gollnick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | | | - Astrid A Prinz
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chondroitin Sulfate Induces Depression of Synaptic Transmission and Modulation of Neuronal Plasticity in Rat Hippocampal Slices. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:463854. [PMID: 26075099 PMCID: PMC4444577 DOI: 10.1155/2015/463854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently known that in CNS the extracellular matrix is involved in synaptic stabilization and limitation of synaptic plasticity. However, it has been reported that the treatment with chondroitinase following injury allows the formation of new synapses and increased plasticity and functional recovery. So, we hypothesize that some components of extracellular matrix may modulate synaptic transmission. To test this hypothesis we evaluated the effects of chondroitin sulphate (CS) on excitatory synaptic transmission, cellular excitability, and neuronal plasticity using extracellular recordings in the CA1 area of rat hippocampal slices. CS caused a reversible depression of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in a concentration-dependent manner. CS also reduced the population spike amplitude evoked after orthodromic stimulation but not when the population spikes were antidromically evoked; in this last case a potentiation was observed. CS also enhanced paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation. Our study provides evidence that CS, a major component of the brain perineuronal net and extracellular matrix, has a function beyond the structural one, namely, the modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity in the hippocampus.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dick G, Tan CL, Alves JN, Ehlert EME, Miller GM, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Sugahara K, Oosterhof A, van Kuppevelt TH, Verhaagen J, Fawcett JW, Kwok JCF. Semaphorin 3A binds to the perineuronal nets via chondroitin sulfate type E motifs in rodent brains. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27384-27395. [PMID: 23940048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.310029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the CS-rich extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs) restrict plasticity and regeneration in the CNS. Plasticity is enhanced by chondroitinase ABC treatment that removes CS from its core protein in the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans or by preventing the formation of PNNs, suggesting that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the PNNs control plasticity. Recently, we have shown that semaphorin3A (Sema3A), a repulsive axon guidance molecule, localizes to the PNNs and is removed by chondroitinase ABC treatment (Vo, T., Carulli, D., Ehlert, E. M., Kwok, J. C., Dick, G., Mecollari, V., Moloney, E. B., Neufeld, G., de Winter, F., Fawcett, J. W., and Verhaagen, J. (2013) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 56C, 186-200). Sema3A is therefore a candidate for a PNN effector in controlling plasticity. Here, we characterize the interaction of Sema3A with CS of the PNNs. Recombinant Sema3A interacts with CS type E (CS-E), and this interaction is involved in the binding of Sema3A to rat brain-derived PNN glycosaminoglycans, as demonstrated by the use of CS-E blocking antibody GD3G7. In addition, we investigate the release of endogenous Sema3A from rat brain by biochemical and enzymatic extractions. Our results confirm the interaction of Sema3A with CS-E containing glycosaminoglycans in the dense extracellular matrix of rat brain. We also demonstrate that the combination of Sema3A and PNN GAGs is a potent inhibitor of axon growth, and this inhibition is reduced by the CS-E blocking antibody. In conclusion, Sema3A binding to CS-E in the PNNs may be a mechanism whereby PNNs restrict growth and plasticity and may represent a possible point of intervention to facilitate neuronal plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Dick
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Chin Lik Tan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Nuno Alves
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Erich M E Ehlert
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory M Miller
- California Institute of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- California Institute of Technology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Arie Oosterhof
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P. O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P. O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|