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Hou X, Ren S, Rozgonjuk D, Song L, Xi J, Mõttus R. The longitudinal association between narcissism and problematic social networking sites use: The roles of two social comparison orientations. Addict Behav 2023; 145:107786. [PMID: 37392581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore whether the tendency to compare one's abilities and opinions to those of others (social comparison orientation) could longitudinally mediate the association between narcissism and problematic SNS use. A total of 1,196 college students were assessed at three time points over 22 months. The results showed that narcissism at time 1 was positively related to problematic SNS use at time 3 and that ability comparison at time 2 longitudinally mediated the association between narcissism at time 1 and problematic SNS use at time 3, whereas the longitudinal mediating effect of opinion comparison at time 2 was not significant. These findings suggest that narcissism more distally and ability comparison more proximally may be risk factors for engaging in problematic SNS use, and it is important to distinguish between types of social comparisons in problematic SNS use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Positive Education China Academy of Han-Jing Institute for Studies in Classics, Juzhe Xi's Master Workroom of Shanghai School Mental Health Service, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengtao Ren
- Mental Health Education Center, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lanjun Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Positive Education China Academy of Han-Jing Institute for Studies in Classics, Juzhe Xi's Master Workroom of Shanghai School Mental Health Service, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Juzhe Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Positive Education China Academy of Han-Jing Institute for Studies in Classics, Juzhe Xi's Master Workroom of Shanghai School Mental Health Service, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - René Mõttus
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
Public opinion surveys over the past thirty years show that public opinion is split on the issue of global warming. One of the problems with “solicited” opinion polls is that the findings may be selectively interpreted in favour of the political goals of a particular interest group. To gain a better understanding of the general public’s unsolicited responses to climate change news, the current study examined Twitter messages containing the words “global warming” spanning 16 months. Using a framework combining a sentiment analysis technique, Hedonometer from the perspective of natural language processing, and Appraisal Theory from a discourse analysis perspective, the study shows that the demonstrated happiness level in tweets containing the words “global warming” is consistently lower than the general level on Twitter, due to increased use of negative words and decreased use of positive words. The Appraisal analysis shows that Appreciation is used most frequently and Affect least.
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Osterholz S, Mosel EI, Egloff B. #Insta Personality: Personality Expression in Instagram Accounts, Impression Formation, and Accuracy of Personality Judgments at Zero Acquaintance. J Pers 2022; 91:566-582. [PMID: 35837861 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined personality expression, impression formation, and the consensus and accuracy of zero-acquaintance personality judgments that were based on people's Instagram accounts. METHOD Self- and informant reports of the Big Five personality traits, self-esteem, and narcissism were collected for 102 Instagram users. Screenshots were taken of Instagram users' profiles, including up to the 102 latest available Instagram posts. A number of Instagram cues were objectively retrieved, counted, and rated by independent trained cue coders from the screenshots. 100 unacquainted observers then judged the Big Five traits, self-esteem, and narcissism on the basis of Instagram screenshots only. RESULTS We identified Instagram account characteristics that were associated with users' personality traits (measured with self-reports, informant reports, and self-informant composites) and observers' zero-acquaintance personality judgments. Personality judgments that were based on Instagram accounts demonstrated consensus and significantly converged with Instagram users' Big Five traits, self-esteem, and narcissism across all three personality criteria. Averaged-observer accuracy correlations for self-informant composite scores ranged from r = .44 (p < .001) for extraversion to r = .25 (p = .013) for conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insight into cue processes of online self-portrayal and impression formation on Instagram and the level of zero-acquaintance accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Osterholz
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emily I Mosel
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Boris Egloff
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Personality traits and mental health of social networking service users: A cross-sectional exploratory study among Japanese undergraduates. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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5
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Which aspects of narcissism are related to Social Networking Sites addiction? The role of self-enhancement and self-protection. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Lin X, Luan Y, Zhao G, Zhao T, Ding H. Core Self-Evaluations Increases Among Chinese Employees: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis, 2010–2019. Front Psychol 2022; 12:770249. [PMID: 35197882 PMCID: PMC8858941 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.770249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes in core self-evaluation (CSE) scores among Chinese employees during 2010–2019. We conducted a cross-temporal meta-analysis including 50 studies (17,400 Chinese employees) to evaluate the relationship between the year of data collection and levels of CSE. We found that correlations between levels of CSE and year of data collection were strong and positive (r > 0.500). Regression results showed that the year of data collection could predict the CSE score when the mean sample age and sex ratio (%female) were controlled. In addition, CSE scores were positively related to GDP per capita and negatively related to the unemployment rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Lin
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Luan
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guolong Zhao
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Zhao
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - He Ding
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: He Ding
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7
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Klose M, Steger D, Fick J, Artelt C. Decrypting Log Data. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Analyzing log data from digital learning environments provides information about online learning. However, it remains unclear how this information can be transferred to psychologically meaningful variables or how it is linked to learning outcomes. The present study summarizes findings on correlations between general online activity and learning outcomes in university settings. The course format, instructions to engage in online discussions, requirements, operationalization of general online activity, and publication year are considered moderators. A multi-source search provided 41 studies ( N = 28,986) reporting 69 independent samples and 104 effect sizes. The three-level random-effects meta-analysis identified a pooled effect of r = .25 p = .003, 95% CI [.09, .41], indicating that students who are more active online have better grades. Despite high heterogeneity, Q(103) = 3,960.04, p < .001, moderator analyses showed no statistically significant effect. We discuss further potential influencing factors in online courses and highlight the potential of learning analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Klose
- Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories (LIfBi), University of Bamberg, Germany
| | - Diana Steger
- Department of Psychological Assessment, University of Kassel, Germany
| | - Julian Fick
- Institute for Communication Science and Institute of Educational Psychology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cordula Artelt
- Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories (LIfBi), University of Bamberg, Germany
- Department of Longitudinal Educational Research, University of Bamberg, Germany
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8
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Kong F, Wang M, Zhang X, Li X, Sun X. Vulnerable Narcissism in Social Networking Sites: The Role of Upward and Downward Social Comparisons. Front Psychol 2021; 12:711909. [PMID: 34594276 PMCID: PMC8476906 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Social networking sites (SNSs) have provided a new platform for people to present their narcissism. The objective of the current study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms between active and passive SNS use and vulnerable narcissism among college students. In achieving this, the study based its method on the media effect and social comparative theory and recruited 529 participants to complete the Surveillance Use Scale, Iowa–Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure, and Hypersensitivity Narcissistic Scale. The results showed that active and passive SNS use were positively related to upward and downward social comparisons. Active and passive SNS use also indirectly predicted vulnerable narcissism through the parallel mediation of upward and downward social comparisons. This study also revealed the vital role of social comparison in the association between SNS use and vulnerable narcissism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Vaid SS, Harari GM. Who uses what and how often?: Personality predictors of multiplatform social media use among young adults. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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O'Reilly CA, Pfeffer J. Why are grandiose narcissists more effective at organizational politics? Means, motive, and opportunity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Morelli M, Urbini F, Bianchi D, Baiocco R, Cattelino E, Laghi F, Sorokowski P, Misiak M, Dziekan M, Hudson H, Marshall A, Nguyen TTT, Mark L, Kopecky K, Szotkowski R, Toplu Demirtaş E, Van Ouytsel J, Ponnet K, Walrave M, Zhu T, Chen Y, Zhao N, Liu X, Voiskounsky A, Bogacheva N, Ioannou M, Synnott J, Tzani-Pepelasi K, Balakrishnan V, Okumu M, Small E, Pavlova Nikolova S, Drouin M, Chirumbolo A. The Relationship between Dark Triad Personality Traits and Sexting Behaviors among Adolescents and Young Adults across 11 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052526. [PMID: 33806314 PMCID: PMC7967332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sexting is an increasingly common phenomenon among adolescents and young adults. Some studies have investigated the role of personality traits in different sexting behaviors within mainstream personality taxonomies like Big Five and HEXACO. However, very few studies have investigated the role of maladaptive personality factors in sexting. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between Dark Triad Personality Traits and experimental (i.e., sharing own sexts), risky (i.e., sexting under substance use and with strangers), and aggravated sexting (i.e., non-consensual sexting and sexting under pressure) across 11 countries. Methods: An online survey was completed by 6093 participants (Mage = 20.35; SDage = 3.63) from 11 different countries which covered four continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and America). Participants completed the Sexting Behaviors Questionnaire and the 12-item Dark Triad Dirty Dozen scale. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that sharing own sexts was positively predicted by Machiavellianism and Narcissism. Both risky and aggravated sexting were positively predicted by Machiavellianism and Psychopathy. Conclusions: The present study provided empirical evidence that different sexting behaviors were predicted by Dark Triad Personality Traits, showing a relevant role of Machiavellianism in all kinds of investigated sexting behaviors. Research, clinical, and education implications for prevention programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Morelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+39-06-4991-7677
| | - Flavio Urbini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.); (A.C.)
| | - Dora Bianchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.B.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.B.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Elena Cattelino
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Valle D’Aosta, 11100 Aosta, Italy;
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.B.); (R.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Piotr Sorokowski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland; (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michal Misiak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland; (P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Martyna Dziekan
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-658 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Heather Hudson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035, USA;
| | - Alexandra Marshall
- College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Thanh Truc T. Nguyen
- College of Education, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (T.T.T.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Lauren Mark
- College of Education, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (T.T.T.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Kamil Kopecky
- Centre for Prevention of Risky Virtual Communication, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (R.S.)
| | - René Szotkowski
- Centre for Prevention of Risky Virtual Communication, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Ezgi Toplu Demirtaş
- Psychological Counseling and Guidance, MEF University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey;
| | - Joris Van Ouytsel
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.V.O.); (M.W.)
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Department of Communication Sciences, imec-mict-Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Michel Walrave
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.V.O.); (M.W.)
| | - Tingshao Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; (T.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Ya Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; (T.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Nan Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; (T.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China; (T.Z.); (Y.C.); (N.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Alexander Voiskounsky
- Department of General Psychology, Lomonosow Moscow State University, 101000 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nataliya Bogacheva
- Department of Pedagogy and Medical Psychology, Sechenov University, 101000 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria Ioannou
- Department of Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (M.I.); (J.S.); (K.T.-P.)
| | - John Synnott
- Department of Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (M.I.); (J.S.); (K.T.-P.)
| | - Kalliopi Tzani-Pepelasi
- Department of Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (M.I.); (J.S.); (K.T.-P.)
| | - Vimala Balakrishnan
- Department of Information System, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Moses Okumu
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Eusebius Small
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
| | - Silviya Pavlova Nikolova
- Department of Social Medicine and Healthcare Organization, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Michelle Drouin
- Department of Psychology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA;
| | - Antonio Chirumbolo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.U.); (A.C.)
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The risk of sexual-erotic online behavior in adolescents – Which personality factors predict sexting and grooming victimization? COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Grandiose narcissists and decision making: Impulsive, overconfident, and skeptical of experts-but seldom in doubt. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 168:110280. [PMID: 32834287 PMCID: PMC7427600 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of research has documented that grandiose narcissists are characterized by high self-esteem, a sense of personal superiority and entitlement, overconfidence, a willingness to exploit others for self-gain, and hostility and aggression when challenged. We report two studies (N = 452) that explore how these dispositions affect their decision making. We show that grandiose narcissists' overconfidence, impulsivity, and a willingness to ignore expert advice results in a higher likelihood of making a bad decision. In addition, after getting the wrong answer, grandiose narcissists are more likely to blame others and remain self-confident in their judgment. Grandiose narcissists are overconfident and often rely on their own intuition to make decisions. This can lead them to make less accurate decisions. They remain confident in their decisions and externalize blame. They also often assume leadership positions in organizations. These tendencies can put the organizations they lead at risk.
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Andrews NP, Yogeeswaran K, Wang MJ, Nash K, Hawi DR, Sibley CG. Is Social Media Use Changing Who We Are? Examining the Bidirectional Relationship Between Personality and Social Media Use. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2020; 23:752-760. [PMID: 32721226 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Social media has changed the way we live. It is now so integral to daily life that it is one of the top activities that people spend their time on each day. Given its ubiquity, it is important to understand what kinds of personality traits draw people toward social media and whether social media changes personality. The present study utilizes a longitudinal design with a large nationally representative sample (N = 11,629) to examine the bidirectional relationship between personality and social media use (SMU). First, cross-lagged analyses revealed a bidirectional relationship between SMU and neuroticism such that neuroticism predicted increased SMU, but SMU also predicted increased neuroticism. However, while increased SMU predicted reduced honesty/humility, honesty/humility did not predict SMU. No other relationships emerged between personality and SMU. This study is the first to examine the extent to which personality both predicts SMU, and is in turn reciprocally shaped by social media exposure in a large-scale national probability panel study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia P Andrews
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kumar Yogeeswaran
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Meng-Jie Wang
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kyle Nash
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Diala R Hawi
- School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris G Sibley
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Schroeder AN, Odd KR, Whitaker JH. Agree to disagree: Examining the psychometrics of cybervetting. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-09-2018-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeDue to the paucity of research on web-based job applicant screening (i.e. cybervetting), the purpose of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of cybervetting, including an examination of the impact of adding structure to the rating process.Design/methodology/approachUsing a mixed-factorial design, 122 supervisors conducted cybervetting evaluations of applicant personality, cognitive ability, written communication skills, professionalism, and overall suitability. Cross-method agreement (i.e. the degree of similarity between cybervetting ratings and other assessment methods), as well as interrater reliability and agreement were examined, and unstructured versus structured cybervetting rating formats were compared.FindingsCybervetting assessments demonstrated high interrater reliability and interrater agreement, but only limited evidence of cross-method agreement was provided. In addition, adding structure to the cybervetting process did not enhance the psychometric properties of this assessment technique.Practical implicationsThis study highlighted that whereas cybervetting raters demonstrated a high degree of consensus in cybervetting-based attributions, there may be concerns regarding assessment accuracy, as cybervetting-based ratings generally differed from applicant test scores and self-assessment ratings. Thus, employers should use caution when utilizing this pre-employment screening technique.Originality/valueWhereas previous research has suggested that cybervetting ratings demonstrate convergence with other traditional assessments (albeit with relatively small effects), these correlational links do not provide information regarding cross-method agreement or method interchangeability. Thus, this study bridges a crucial gap in the literature by examining cross-method agreement for a variety of job-relevant constructs, as well as empirically testing the impact of adding structure to the cybervetting rating process.
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Brailovskaia J, Bierhoff HW, Rohmann E, Raeder F, Margraf J. The relationship between narcissism, intensity of Facebook use, Facebook flow and Facebook addiction. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 11:100265. [PMID: 32467854 PMCID: PMC7244910 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study investigated mechanisms that may contribute to the enhanced risk of narcissistic individuals to develop Facebook addiction. METHODS In a sample of 449 Facebook users (age: M(SD) = 31.07(9.52), range: 18-65) the personality trait narcissism, Facebook flow, intensity of Facebook use, and Facebook addiction were assessed by an online survey. RESULTS In a moderated mediation analysis, the positive relationship between narcissism and Facebook addiction was positively mediated by the level of flow experienced on Facebook. Intensity of Facebook use moderated the positive association between Facebook flow and Facebook addiction. CONCLUSIONS Excessive Facebook use may cause psychological dependence. Narcissistic individuals are at enhanced risk for this form of dependence that is fostered by experience of flow during Facebook use and intensity of Facebook use. Current results should be taken into account, when assessing individuals at risk for pathological Facebook use and when planning specific interventions to deal with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Elke Rohmann
- Department of Social Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Friederike Raeder
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Casale S, Banchi V. Narcissism and problematic social media use: A systematic literature review. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 11:100252. [PMID: 32467841 PMCID: PMC7244927 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between narcissism and social media use has been a topic of research since the advent of the first social media website. While numerous meta-analyses have been conducted to synthesize empirical evidence on the association between narcissism and typical online behaviors (e.g., uploading photos and usage frequency), evidence on the association between narcissism and Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU) has not yet been systematized. The current study represents the first systematic review on this topic. METHODS Electronic literature databases, including the Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and EMBASE, were searched to identify studies that examined the relationship between narcissism and PSMU. We found 14 empirical studies on narcissism and PSMU. Additionally, seven studies focused on the association with Problematic Facebook Use (PFU). RESULTS Consistent results were reported regarding the positive and significant association between grandiose narcissism and PFU (0.13 < r < 0.32). The only two studies that included a vulnerable narcissism measure reported a positive and significant correlation with PFU as well. Studies that did not distinguish between different online platforms (i.e., those measuring PSMU) reported less consistent results. CONCLUSIONS The results generally revealed that narcissism might be involved in PFU, but it might not have consistent effects across social media platforms. The assessment of problematic social media use without distinguishing different platforms might not individuate narcissists' preferences and risks. However, our findings need to be interpreted with caution not only due to the relatively small number of studies on this topic but also because 19 studies out 21 used a cross-sectional design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Via San Salvi 12, Padiglione 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Vanessa Banchi
- School of Psychology, University of Florence, Via della Torretta 16, 50135 Florence, Italy
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18
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Schimmenti A, Billieux J, Starcevic V. The Four Horsemen of Fear: An Integrated Model of Understanding Fear Experiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 17:41-45. [PMID: 34908966 PMCID: PMC8629088 DOI: 10.36131/cn20200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we argue that fear experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic are organized on the psychological level around four interrelated dialectical domains, namely (1) fear of the body/fear for the body, (2) fear of significant others/fear for significant others, (3) fear of not knowing/fear of knowing, and (4) fear of taking action/fear of inaction. These domains represent the bodily, interpersonal, cognitive, and behavioural features of fear, respectively. We propose ways of addressing these fears and minimising their impact by improving appraisal of the body, fostering attachment security, improving emotion regulation, adopting acceptance and promoting responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Italy
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
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19
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The application of meta-analytic (multi-level) models with multiple random effects: A systematic review. Behav Res Methods 2020; 52:2031-2052. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Shane-Simpson C, Schwartz AM, Abi-Habib R, Tohme P, Obeid R. I love my selfie! An investigation of overt and covert narcissism to understand selfie-posting behaviors within three geographic communities. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Burnell K, Ackerman RA, Meter DJ, Ehrenreich SE, Underwood MK. Self-Absorbed and Socially (Network) Engaged: Narcissistic Traits and Social Networking Site Use. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019; 84. [PMID: 32863468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Across two studies, the current research investigated how different dimensions of narcissism (grandiosity/agentic extraversion, entitlement/self-centered antagonism, vulnerability/narcissistic neuroticism) relate to social networking site (SNS) use and behaviors. Study 1 employed a community sample of young adults, whereas Study 2 examined college students. Participants completed assessments of narcissism and SNS use through an online survey. Grandiosity/agentic extraversion was generally associated with greater levels of downward social comparison relative to the other two dimensions. Entitlement/self-centered antagonism generally showed weak correlations with SNS outcomes. Vulnerability/narcissistic neuroticism was generally associated with greater upward social comparison and perceived social exclusion relative to the other two dimensions. Results suggest that SNS experiences may vary depending on the dimensions of narcissism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Burnell
- The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Robert A Ackerman
- The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 800 W Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Diana J Meter
- Utah State University, College of Education and Human Services, 2905 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Samuel E Ehrenreich
- University of Nevada, Reno, College of Education, 1664 N Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89577, United States
| | - Marion K Underwood
- College of Health and Human Sciences, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, Purdue University, United States
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22
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Mota-Anaya E, Almeida-Chafloque K, Castro-Arechaga S, Flores-Anaya L, León-Lozada C, Pereyra-Elías R, Mayta-Tristán P. Breaking a Vital Trust: Posting Photos of Patients on Facebook Among a Sample of Peruvian Medical Students. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2019; 10:241-249. [PMID: 31618142 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2019.1672826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The doctor-patient relationship may be affected by the indiscriminate use of social media platforms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of the photos posted on medical students' Facebook accounts to determine whether they have posted private patient information and compare this to their self-reported behavior of posting such photos. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of medical students from a Peruvian private university. With their permission, we reviewed their Facebook accounts for the publication of photos or documents that included private patient information (face, name, diagnosis, medical exams). Those who allowed access to their Facebook accounts were also asked to complete an online survey. We assessed variables related to sociodemographic aspects, self reported Facebook use, and what type of private patient information they posted. Results: A total of 160/220 students joined the study, 59% were women, mean age: 20 years. 25.7% self-reported having posted private patient information in their Facebook profiles but we found such information on 33.1% of the students' pages. Of the pages where private patient information was found, in 94% of cases, the patients' faces were identifiable, and in 7.6%, the patients' real names appeared. However, only half of the students believed that the information in their Facebook post might affect or influence the doctor-patient relationship. Association with narcissism, gender, and account privacy was not found. Having uploaded more than 250 photos (OR:2.90; CI95%:1.14-7.39) and posting photos tagged with the location of a hospital (OR:4.02; CI95%:1.36-11.9) were associated with having posted photos containing private patient information. Conclusion: One out of three of medical students posted patients' private information on their personal Facebook profiles. Development, dissemination, and implementation of guidelines related to ethics in social media platforms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Mota-Anaya
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas , Lima , Peru.,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina UPC (SOCIEMUPC) , Lima , Peru
| | - Katherine Almeida-Chafloque
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas , Lima , Peru.,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina UPC (SOCIEMUPC) , Lima , Peru
| | - Stephanie Castro-Arechaga
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas , Lima , Peru.,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina UPC (SOCIEMUPC) , Lima , Peru
| | - Lizeth Flores-Anaya
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas , Lima , Peru.,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina UPC (SOCIEMUPC) , Lima , Peru
| | - Cinthia León-Lozada
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas , Lima , Peru.,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina UPC (SOCIEMUPC) , Lima , Peru
| | - Reneé Pereyra-Elías
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas , Lima , Peru.,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina UPC (SOCIEMUPC) , Lima , Peru
| | - Percy Mayta-Tristán
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas , Lima , Peru.,Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Cientifica del Sur , Lima , Peru
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Appel M, Marker C, Gnambs T. Are Social Media Ruining Our Lives? A Review of Meta-Analytic Evidence. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1089268019880891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have examined the psychological corollaries of using social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter (often called social media). The interdisciplinary research area and conflicting evidence from primary studies complicate the assessment of current scholarly knowledge in this field of high public attention. We review meta-analytic evidence on three hotly debated topics regarding the effects of SNSs: well-being, academic achievement, and narcissism. Meta-analyses from different laboratories draw a rather equivocal picture. They show small associations in the r = .10 range between the intensity of SNS use and loneliness, self-esteem, life satisfaction, or self-reported depression, and somewhat stronger links to a thin body ideal and higher social capital. There is no indication for potential devastating effects of social media on school achievement; social media use and school grades are unrelated for adolescents. The meta-analyses revealed small to moderate associations between narcissism and SNS use. In sum, meta-analytic evidence is not in support of dramatic claims relating social media use to mischief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timo Gnambs
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany
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24
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Seidman G, Roberts A, Zeigler-Hill V. Narcissism and romantic relationship presentation on social media: The role of motivations and partner attractiveness. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Shyness and social media use: A meta-analytic summary of moderating and mediating effects. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Lim M, Yang Y. Upward social comparison and Facebook users’ grandiosity. ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/oir-04-2017-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to confirm the causal relationship, in an upward social comparison, of envy, loneliness and subjective well-being (SWB). Particularly, the authors address the mediating roles, each, of benign envy (BE) and malicious envy (ME) as different types of envy. In addition, the authors explore the grandiosity of users, in terms of narcissistic personalities, and whether it has discriminatory impacts on this causal relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors re-enacted a situation that users confront on Facebook as a quasi-experiment to determine if there is an effectual relationship among variables in the path of upward comparison, envy, loneliness and SWB. First, the authors divided envy into BE and ME to examine its mediating role in the path of upward comparison and loneliness. Second, the authors examined the differentiated effects of both kinds of envy and loneliness on SWB. Finally, the authors determined if users’ grandiose, narcissistic behaviour has moderating effects on the path of each variable.
Findings
The results revealed that upward comparison has a positive effect on both kinds of envy; however, in the path of loneliness, only ME operated and played a mediating role. Furthermore, grandiosity had a partially significant moderating effect.
Research limitations/implications
This study has the following theoretical implications. The mediating effect of envy was identified in the path of upward comparison, loneliness and SWB. Research limitation is as follows: this study could not effectively reflect individual differences. It is necessary to include individual difference variables in later research, including characteristics of social comparison.
Practical implications
This study has the following practical implications. Social comparison on Facebook poses a more serious problem than it does offline; therefore, users need to protect their own SWB. If users can actively cope with the information of others and selectively choose their upward comparison targets, they can reduce their loneliness and improve their SWB as expected in the hypotheses.
Social implications
The “unfriending” events that occur on Facebook may be explained by the mediating phenomenon of ME. The research showed that the excessive narcissism of users on Facebook is an inconsistent information with real selves of users, thus triggering the ME, which causes avoidance from other Facebook users.
Originality/value
The authors have proven that social comparison and envy emotion are the causes of the loneliness, while the authors are on Facebook. Especially, the mediation role of BE and ME are discussed in a distinguished manner. Also, the authors confirmed that the influence of narcissism could further aggravate the problem of loneliness. Finally, the authors found that the variables of the study also affect the SWB of the Facebook user.
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27
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Marker C, Gnambs T, Appel M. Exploring the myth of the chubby gamer: A meta-analysis on sedentary video gaming and body mass. Soc Sci Med 2019; 301:112325. [PMID: 31262505 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE High body mass and obesity are frequently linked to the use of sedentary media, like television (TV) or non-active video games. Empirical evidence regarding video gaming, however, has been mixed, and theoretical considerations explaining a relationship between general screen time and body mass may not generalize to non-active video gaming. OBJECTIVE The current meta-analysis had two main goals. First, we wanted to provide an estimate of the average effect size of the relationship between sedentary video gaming and body mass. In doing so we acknowledged several context variables to gauge the stability of the average effect. Second, to provide additional evidence on processes, we tested the displacement effect of physical activity by video gaming time with the help of a meta-analytic structural equation model (MASEM). METHOD Published and unpublished studies were identified through keyword searches in different databases and references in relevant reports were inspected for further studies. We present a random-effects, three-level meta-analysis based on 20 studies (total N = 38,097) with 32 effect sizes. RESULTS The analyses revealed a small positive relationship between non-active video game use and body mass, ρˆ=.09, 95% CI [0.03, 0.14], indicating that they shared less than 1% in variance. The studies showed significant heterogeneity, Q (31) = 593.03, p < .001, I2 = 95.13. Moderator analyses revealed that the relationship was more pronounced for adults, ρˆ=.22, 95% CI [0.04, 0.40], as compared to adolescents, ρˆ=.01, 95% CI [-0.21, 0.23], or children, ρˆ=.09, 95% CI [-0.07, 0.25]. Meta-analytic structural equation modeling found little evidence for a displacement of physical activity through time spent on video gaming. CONCLUSION These results do not corroborate the assumption of a strong link between video gaming and body mass as respective associations are small and primarily observed among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marker
- Human-Computer-Media Institute, University of Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Timo Gnambs
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Markus Appel
- Human-Computer-Media Institute, University of Würzburg, Germany.
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28
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van der Velden PG, Setti I, van der Meulen E, Das M. Does social networking sites use predict mental health and sleep problems when prior problems and loneliness are taken into account? A population-based prospective study. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Giacomin M. Using social cognition to understand people's grandiose narcissism. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Kholmogorova A, Gerasimova A. Psychological Factors of Problematic Internet Use in Adolescent and Young Girls. КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОТЕРАПИЯ 2019. [DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2019270309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The article introduces a study of the problematic Internet use (PIU) interrelationship with psychological well-being, psychopathological symptoms, and various personality traits. The study involved 432 females aged 14 to 23 years old (M = 17.2, SD = 2) and evaluated with Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS3), Ten Item Personality Measure (TIPI), Perfectionism Inventory, Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). The results indicate that PIU is associated with various psychopathological symptoms and a decrease in psychological well-being. According to multiple linear regression analysis, hypersensitive narcissism, perfectionism, and phobic anxiety are found to be significant predictors of PIU. Protective factors are Conscientiousness of the Big Five and the level of psychological well-being. The paper suggests risk and protective factors that must be considered when preventing the Problematic Internet Use in adolescent and young girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.B. Kholmogorova
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry — Branch of The Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology
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31
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Relationship between dimensions of grandiose narcissism and Facebook addiction among university students. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2019.92957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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32
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Shi Y, Luo YLL, Yang Z, Liu Y, Bao H. Do Narcissists Enjoy Visiting Social Networking Sites? It Depends on How Adaptive They Are. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1739. [PMID: 30283384 PMCID: PMC6156359 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that narcissistic people tend to visit social networking sites (SNS) frequently, but the emotions accompanying their engagement on such sites has not been a significant subject of study. Therefore, we examined the relationship between narcissism and the affective experience on SNS in two different samples. To do so, we not only examined narcissism as a whole but also distinguished between adaptive and maladaptive narcissism. Results of the two studies consistently showed that: (1) narcissism as a whole was not correlated with the SNS affective experience; (2) maladaptive narcissism was predictive of a worse affective experience on SNS; and (3) partly due to a positive correlation with self-esteem, adaptive narcissism was associated with a better SNS affective experience. In addition, these findings held with SNS activities considered in simultaneity. The present research extends our understanding of the relationship between narcissism and social networking as well as that between emotion and social networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Tourism, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu L L Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwushuang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Feng C, Yuan J, Geng H, Gu R, Zhou H, Wu X, Luo Y. Individualized prediction of trait narcissism from whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3701-3712. [PMID: 29749072 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcissism is one of the most fundamental personality traits in which individuals in general population exhibit a large heterogeneity. Despite a surge of interest in examining behavioral characteristics of narcissism in the past decades, the neurobiological substrates underlying narcissism remain poorly understood. Here, we addressed this issue by applying a machine learning approach to decode trait narcissism from whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data were acquired for a large sample comprising 155 healthy adults, each of whom was assessed for trait narcissism. Using a linear prediction model, we examined the relationship between whole-brain RSFC and trait narcissism. We demonstrated that the machine-learning model was able to decode individual trait narcissism from RSFC across multiple neural systems, including functional connectivity between and within limbic and prefrontal systems as well as their connectivity with other networks. Key nodes that contributed to the prediction model included the amygdala, prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions that have been linked to trait narcissism. These findings remained robust using different validation procedures. Our findings thus demonstrate that RSFC among multiple neural systems predicts trait narcissism at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Feng
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Geng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center for Emotion and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
- Depatment of Psychology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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What does media use reveal about personality and mental health? An exploratory investigation among German students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191810. [PMID: 29370275 PMCID: PMC5784983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits, mental health variables and media use among German students. The data of 633 participants were collected. Results indicate a positive association between general Internet use, general use of social platforms and Facebook use, on the one hand, and self-esteem, extraversion, narcissism, life satisfaction, social support and resilience, on the other hand. Use of computer games was found to be negatively related to these personality and mental health variables. The use of platforms that focus more on written interaction (Twitter, Tumblr) was assumed to be negatively associated with positive mental health variables and significantly positively with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. In contrast, Instagram use, which focuses more on photo-sharing, correlated positively with positive mental health variables. Possible practical implications of the present results for mental health, as well as the limitations of the present work are discussed.
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35
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Marker C, Gnambs T, Appel M. Active on Facebook and Failing at School? Meta-Analytic Findings on the Relationship Between Online Social Networking Activities and Academic Achievement. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-017-9430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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