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Lewis MA, Zhou Z, Fairlie AM, Litt DM, Geusens F, Parks KA, McCabe SE. Examining within-person associations between alcohol and cannabis use and hooking up among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Addict Behav 2024; 155:108040. [PMID: 38657402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined daily associations between alcohol use, cannabis use, and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis/marijuana (SAM) use with the likelihood of hooking up (uncommitted sexual encounter that may or may not include intercourse). METHOD We used a longitudinal measurement burst ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design with 3-week EMA bursts with daily measurements repeated quarterly across 12 months. 1,009 (57 % female, Mean age = 20.00 [SD = 3.21]) Texan adolescents and young adults ages 15-25 participated in the study. Mixed effects logistic regression models were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation to evaluate the associations between substance use and hooking up. RESULTS Within-person results indicated that participants were more likely to hook up on days with alcohol use and on days with cannabis use, but not on days with SAM use. Participants were also more likely to hook up on drinking days with higher-than-usual alcohol use. Between-person results indicated that participants who used alcohol more often or cannabis more often on average were more likely to hook up, and participants who tended to drink more on drinking days were more likely to hook up. CONCLUSIONS Given the significant daily-level associations between alcohol and cannabis use and hooking up behavior, public health initiatives should focus on developing interventions to reduce alcohol and cannabis use and promote safer hooking up behavior among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Population and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Population and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Anne M Fairlie
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Dana M Litt
- Department of Population and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Femke Geusens
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14B, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden; Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen A Parks
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The State University at New York at Buffalo, Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14226, United States
| | - Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Building Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Kabembo IM. Forgone healthcare for medically vulnerable groups during the pandemic era: experiences of family caregivers of young adults with substance use disorders in Zambia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1250608. [PMID: 38525347 PMCID: PMC10959020 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1250608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Scholars worldwide have defined the COVID-19 pandemic as a mass-disabling event of our time. The situation is grave for families experiencing financial hurdles while caring for young adults in recovery from addiction problems. Methods Using semi-structured interviews with 30 purposively selected family caregivers (FCGs) of young adults with substance use disorders (SUDs) in Lusaka, Zambia, this study reveals several factors influencing forgone healthcare for this medically vulnerable group. Results Financial challenges and huge out-of-pocket bills; caregivers' perceived far-fetched recovery of the young adult; the cost of medication and transportation; the young adult's little perceived need for healthcare service use, their runaway and treatment elusive tendencies; caregiver concerns about contracting the virus, and the stigma associated with it; and a fragmented child and adolescent mental health system influenced forgone healthcare. The young adults were often unavailable for days and months, posing challenges to the continuity of care. Despite caregivers' acknowledgment of the availability of healthcare professionals, young adults with problematic substance use had limited access to SUD recovery services, resulting in adverse health outcomes. Results also show that most family caregivers encountered challenges in accessing and purchasing psychotropic medications, which were difficult to find during the lockdowns. Some family caregivers lost their sources of income by being laid off from work due to the pandemic and skipping work to attend to caregiving responsibilities. Most of those in self-employment had to close their business and stay home to look after their youth. Several caregivers kept their youth at home because they failed to access private residential SUD recovery services. Family caregivers mostly relied on outpatient public health services, alternative medicine from traditional healers, and faith-based healing, all of which some young adults rarely accessed because of their problematic behaviors of escaping healthcare. Conclusion These identifiable risk factors, and their detrimental consequences highlight the need for interventions to improve healthcare access for this vulnerable population. Supporting FCGs of addicted young adults is crucial in ensuring the well-being of both the caregivers and care recipients. Further research is warranted to explore potential solutions, such as peer support programs, policy changes, and education initiatives for carers and recipients in the (post) pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireen Manase Kabembo
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Social Work and Sociology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Weitzman ER, Minegishi M, Wisk LE, Levy S. Substance Use and Educational Impacts in Youth With and Without Chronic Illness. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:279-290. [PMID: 37802307 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine are commonly used psychoactive substances that affect adolescent neurocognition. Little is known about the educational impacts of their use on measures of educational performance, participation and problems, especially among youth with a chronic illness who may use these substances to alleviate stress and symptoms. METHODS Adolescents receiving general or subspecialty care were administered an electronic survey from 2016 to 2018. Data were analyzed in 2023. Using modified Poisson models, cross-sectional associations between past 12-month usage of alcohol, cannabis, and/or nicotine and educational impacts were estimated. RESULTS Among 958 adolescents (mean age 16.0 years (SD 1.3), 564 (58.9%) female gender, 445 (46.5%) in subspecialty care), 294 (30.7%), 220 (23.0%), and 126 (13.2%) reported past 12-month use of alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine respectively, while 407 (42.5%) reported ≥1 educational impact, including recent lower grades 210 (21.9%), past 3-month truancy from school 164 (17.1%) or activities 170 (17.7%), and detention 82 (8.6%). Use of cannabis, but not other substances, was associated with negative educational impacts: lower grades (mostly C's/D's/F's), adjusted prevalence ratios [APR, (95% CI)] 1.54 (1.13-2.11); past 3-month truancy from school [2.16 (1.52-3.07)]; detention [2.29 (1.33-3.94)]. The association between cannabis use and any negative educational impact was stronger among adolescents with a chronic illness (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among adolescents, cannabis use was associated with a heightened risk of negative educational impacts, even after controlling for alcohol and nicotine use. Adolescents with chronic illness were especially likely to experience negative educational impacts. Findings underscore need for preventive interventions and messaging to reduce risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa R Weitzman
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Machiko Minegishi
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren E Wisk
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sharon Levy
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Litt DM, Zhou Z, Fairlie AM, King KM, Cross A, Kannard E, Geusens F, Lewis MA. Daily level examination indicates that positive affect, but not negative affect, is associated with alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents and young adults. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2023; 37:1030-1038. [PMID: 37471009 PMCID: PMC10799183 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there is growing evidence that alcohol use at the daily level is associated with positive but not negative affect, results are mixed when examining marijuana use and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use (i.e., use with overlapping effects). In addition, less is known about these daily level associations among diverse samples of adolescents and young adults. The present study will address these gaps. METHOD Participants (N = 1,006; 57.3% female, 43.1% White, Non-Hispanic, ages 15-25; Mage = 20.0) were part of a study on substance use that consisted of a 3-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) burst design (eight surveys per week, up to 2×/day) that was repeated quarterly over a 12-month period. RESULTS Within-person results indicated that on days with elevated positive affect, participants reported consuming more drinks, whereas positive affect was not significant for hours high from marijuana. In addition, on days with elevated negative affect, participants reported fewer hours high from marijuana. No association was found between negative affect and number of drinks. Finally, within-person results indicated that on alcohol or marijuana days with elevated positive affect, individuals were more likely to report SAM use. There was no association found between negative affect and SAM use. CONCLUSIONS Results have implications such that in-the-moment interventions for alcohol and SAM use may be more salient when individuals have higher positive affect than average, whereas such interventions may be more relevant for marijuana use when negative affect is lower compared to average levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Anne M. Fairlie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin M. King
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Allison Cross
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Emma Kannard
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Femke Geusens
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa A. Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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Govender T, Yu J, Vidal-Ribas P, Gilman SE, Haynie DL. Adolescent Substance Use Patterns and Risk for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Young Adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2023; 84:892-901. [PMID: 37589372 PMCID: PMC10765979 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.22-00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is strong evidence that substance use is a risk factor for suicidality. Prior studies have focused on the suicide risk associated with using individual substances, even though substance users often use more than one substance. This study investigates the association between patterns of adolescent substance use and suicidality in young adulthood. METHOD Participants were U.S. adolescents (n = 2,111, 58.9% female, mean age = 16.31 years) from the NEXT Generation Health Study, which followed tenth graders for 7 years (2009/2010-2016) and collected data via yearly surveys. Longitudinal latent class analysis was used to identify high school patterns of substance use, and logistic regression was used to relate these patterns to risk of suicidality in young adulthood. RESULTS We identified two groups of adolescents: "non-/infrequent users" (71%) and "multiple substance users" (29%). Multiple substance users had higher odds of making a suicide plan or attempt in young adulthood (odds ratio [OR] = 2.41, 95% CI [1.05, 5.53]), but not suicidal ideation (OR = 1.55, 95% CI [0.80, 2.99]), than non-/infrequent users, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and depressive symptoms. Multiple substance users with suicidal ideation were not more likely to progress to a later plan or attempt (OR = 1.41, 95% CI [0.41, 4.84]) than non-/infrequent users. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who use substances in high school are at higher risk for making a suicide plan or attempt in young adulthood. Early identification of these adolescents may help inform interventions to mitigate risk for suicidal behaviors in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theemeshni Govender
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Jing Yu
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pablo Vidal-Ribas
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen E. Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Denise L. Haynie
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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Kogien M, Marcon SR, Modena CF, Bittencourt MN, Rézio LDA, Faria JS. Prevalence and correlates of passive and active suicidal ideation among students entering graduate courses. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2023; 31:e3980. [PMID: 37729246 PMCID: PMC10508223 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6581.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify the prevalence and factors associated with passive and active suicidal ideation throughout life among students entering graduate courses. METHOD an analytical and cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 321 students entering graduate courses. Multiple descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS the multivariate analyses indicated that passive and active suicidal ideation were similarly more prevalent among female students belonging to minority sexual orientations who engaged in daily physical activity ≤ 30 minutes/day and were victims of psychological violence in the past 12 months. Alcohol abuse, family relationships not impaired due to the demands imposed by stricto sensu graduate studies and low self-esteem were only associated with passive suicidal ideation. In turn, recent marijuana use in the last 30 days, poor interpersonal relationships with academic peers, and engagement in professional activities concomitantly with the demands imposed by graduate studies were only associated with active suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION high prevalence of lifetime passive and active suicidal ideation was identified among graduate students, and similarities and differences were verified between some associated factors for both outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Kogien
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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7
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Chen G, Rahman S, Lutfy K. E-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to conventional cigarettes and other addictive drugs. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11345. [PMID: 38389821 PMCID: PMC10880776 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that allow the user to inhale nicotine in a vapor, and are primarily marketed as a means of quitting smoking and a less harmful replacement for traditional cigarette smoking. However, further research is needed to determine if vaping nicotine via e-cigarettes can be effective. Conversely, nicotine has been considered a gateway drug to alcohol and other addictive drugs and e-cigarettes containing nicotine may have the same effects. Previous reports have shown that e-cigarette use may open the gate for the use of other drugs including conventional cigarettes, cannabis, opioids, etc. The increasing prevalence of e-cigarettes, particularly among youth and adolescents in the last decade have led to an increase in the dual use of e-cigarettes with alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drug use like heroin and 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The advent of e-cigarettes as a device to self-administer addictive agents such as cocaine and synthetic cathinones may bring about additional adverse health effects associated with their concurrent use. This review aims to briefly describe e-cigarettes and their different generations, and their co-use with other addictive drugs as well as the use of the device as a tool to self-administer addictive drugs, such as cocaine, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Chen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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Elam KK, Mun CJ, Connell A, Ha T. Coping strategies as mediating mechanisms between adolescent polysubstance use classes and adult alcohol and substance use disorders. Addict Behav 2023; 139:107586. [PMID: 36610287 PMCID: PMC10075236 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent polysubstance use is a robust predictor of substance use in adulthood and can be exacerbated by poor coping with stress over time. We examined whether latent classes of adolescents' polysubstance use predicted alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder diagnoses in adulthood via multiple stress coping strategies. Self-reported frequency of past 3-month alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use in 792 adolescents (aged 16/17) were used to form latent classes of polysubstance use. Self-reported aggressive, reactive, substance use and cognitive coping strategies (ages 18/19, 22/23, 23/24) were examined as multiple mediators of polysubstance use classes and alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder in adulthood (age 26/27) controlling for demographic covariates. Latent class analysis resulted in High, Experimental, and Low polysubstance use classes. Those in high and experimental polysubstance use classes, compared to those in the low polysubstance use class, had greater use of aggressive and reactive coping strategies, which respectively predicted greater substance use disorder and alcohol use disorder in adulthood. Across all comparisons (high vs low, experimental vs low, and high vs experimental), higher polysubstance use was associated with greater substance use coping, which predicted both alcohol and substance use disorder. Greater polysubstance use, even experimental use, in adolescence is a significant risk factor for developing alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder in adulthood and this occurs, in part, via maladaptive stress coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit K Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7(th) St., Suite 116, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
| | - Chung Jung Mun
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States
| | - Arin Connell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Thao Ha
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, United States
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Ghelbash Z, Alavi M, West S, Lees D, Cleary M. A Post-Pandemic Reset: Reversing the COVID-19 Increase in Substance Use by Adolescents and Young Adults. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022:1-4. [PMID: 35984676 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakiye Ghelbash
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mousa Alavi
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sancia West
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Lees
- School of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Biagioni S, Baldini F, Baroni M, Cerrai S, Melis F, Potente R, Scalese M, Molinaro S. Adolescents' Psychoactive Substance Use During the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross Sectional Study in Italy. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2022; 52:641-659. [PMID: 35909702 PMCID: PMC9325948 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Italy was one of the first European countries to be affected by Covid-19. Due to the severity of the pandemic, the Italian government imposed a nationwide lockdown which had a great impact on the population, especially adolescents. Distance-learning, moving restrictions and pandemic-related concerns, resulted in a particularly stressful situation. Objective This cross-sectional study aims to analyse substance consumption and its associated factors during the Covid-19 lockdown imposed by the Italian government. Methods ESPAD is a questionnaire that is administered yearly in Italian high schools. In 2020, it was administered online during dedicated hours of distance learning, collecting data from 6027 Italian students (52.4% were male) aged 15-19. Data collected from the 2020 questionnaire was matched with that collected in 2019, in order to make them comparable. Results The prevalence of consumption of each substance decreased during the restriction period, and the most used substance during the lockdown period was alcohol (43.1%). There were some changes in factors associated with psychoactive substance use, especially painkillers and non-prescription drugs. For instance, unlike what was observed in the 2019 model, in 2020 spending money without parental control was associated with painkillers and non-prescription drug use while risk perception was not. Conclusions The restrictions and the increased difficulties in obtaining psychoactive substances did not prevent their consumption, and students with particular risk factors continued to use them, possibly changing the substance type of substance. This information is useful in order to better understand adolescents' substance use during the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Biagioni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy ,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Baldini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy ,Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Baroni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy ,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Cerrai
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Melis
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Potente
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scalese
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Tadese M, Yeshaneh A, Mulu GB. Determinants of good academic performance among university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:395. [PMID: 35606767 PMCID: PMC9125903 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education plays a pivotal role in producing qualified human power that accelerates economic development and solves the real problems of a community. Students are also expected to spend much of their time on their education and need to graduate with good academic results. However, the trend of graduating students is not proportional to the trend of enrolled students and an increasing number of students commit readmission, suggesting that they did not perform well in their academics. Thus, the study aimed to identify the determinants of academic performance among university students in Southern Ethiopia. METHOD Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1 to 28, 2020. A total of 659 students were enrolled and data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A multistage sampling technique was applied to select study participants. Data were cleaned and entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 software for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable data analysis were computed and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Smoking, age, and field of study were significantly associated with academic performance. RESULT Four hundred six (66%) of students had a good academic performance. Students aged between 20 and 24 years (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22-0.91), and medical/ health faculty (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.45-4.20) were significant associates of good academic performance. Students who didn't smoke cigarettes were three times more likely to score good academic grades compared to those who smoke (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.21-7.30). CONCLUSION In this study, increased odds of good academic performance were observed among students reported to be non-smokers, adults, and medical/health science students. Reduction or discontinuation of smoking is of high importance for good academic achievement among these target groups. The academic environment in the class may be improved if older students are invited to share their views and particularly their ways of reasoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Tadese
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Alex Yeshaneh
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Baye Mulu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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12
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Sánchez-Puertas R, Vaca-Gallegos S, López-Núñez C, Ruisoto P. Prevention of Alcohol Consumption Programs for Children and Youth: A Narrative and Critical Review of Recent Publications. Front Psychol 2022; 13:821867. [PMID: 35369212 PMCID: PMC8965835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.821867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Youth substance use is a public health problem globally, where alcohol is one of the drugs most consumed by children, and youth prevention is the best intervention for drug abuse. Objective Review the latest evidence of alcohol use prevention programs in empirical research, oriented to all fields of action among children and youth. Methods A narrative and critical review was carried out within international databases (PsychInfo, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus) in August 2021 and was limited to empirical studies that appeared in the last five years (2017-2021). A flow diagram was used according to the PRISMA statements. Empirical research articles in English with RCTs and quasi-experimental design that included alcohol, children, and young people up to 19 years of age (universal, selective, or indicated programs) were included. The authors examined the results and conceptual frameworks of the Prevention programs by fields of action. Results Twenty-two articles were found from four fields of action: school (16), family (2), community (2), and web-based (2), representing 16 alcohol prevention programs. School-based alcohol prevention programs are clinically relevant [Theory of Planned Behavior, Refuse, Remove, Reasons, Preventure, The GOOD Life, Mantente REAL, Motivational Interviewing (BIMI), Primavera, Fresh Start, Bridges/Puentes], they are effective in increasing attitudes and intentions toward alcohol prevention behavior, while decreasing social norms and acceptance of alcohol, reducing intoxication, and increasing perceptions with regards to the negative consequences of drinking. Discussion This narrative and critical review provides an updated synthesis of the evidence for prevention programs in the school, family, community, and web-based fields of action, where a more significant number of programs exist that are applied within schools and for which would have greater clinical relevance. However, the prevention programs utilized in the other fields of action require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sánchez-Puertas
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Particular Technical University of Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Silvia Vaca-Gallegos
- Department of Psychology, Particular Technical University of Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Carla López-Núñez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, School of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Ruisoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
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Lee H, Henry KL. Adolescent Substance Use Prevention: Long-Term Benefits of School Engagement. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:337-344. [PMID: 35067924 PMCID: PMC8967764 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if school engagement is a viable target for early prevention of adolescent substance use, this study investigated whether school engagement in early adolescence (ages 12-14) is a cause of alcohol and cannabis use during middle to late adolescence (ages 15-19). METHODS To facilitate causal inference, inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs), which are based on estimated probabilities of treatment selection (ie, school engagement), were created based on a robust set of potential confounders. Using the IPTWs, a cumulative link mixed model was fit to examine the impact of school engagement on alcohol and cannabis use among an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 360). RESULTS School engagement was associated with a lower level of alcohol and cannabis use from age 15 to 18. School engagement was not associated with change in alcohol and cannabis use over time, suggesting that school engagement emits its effect early in the developmental course of substance use and offers protection throughout adolescence. CONCLUSIONS This study supports a compensatory role of early school engagement in substance use across middle and late adolescence. School engagement is a malleable factor and thus offers an avenue for prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyanghee Lee
- Postdoctoral Research Scholar, , Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 307 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16801
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Professor, , Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, 220 Behavioral Sciences Building, 410 W Pitkin St, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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14
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Substance Use among Youth in Community and Residential Mental Health Care Facilities in Ontario, Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031731. [PMID: 35162754 PMCID: PMC8835119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to improve the integration of substance use and mental health care for children and youth. This study examines risk and protective factors for substance use among youth with mental health conditions who received community-based or residential care services between 2012–2020 in Ontario, Canada. In this study, a cross-sectional design was used to examine patterns and factors associated with substance use among youth (12–18 years) assessed in the community (n = 47,418) and residential (n = 700) mental health care facilities in Ontario, Canada. Youth were assessed with the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health Assessment (ChYMH). Substance use is identified by any substance use (including alcohol) 14 to 30 days prior to assessment. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to examine clinical, psychosocial, and environmental factors associated with substance use. This study shows that 22.3% of youth reported the use of substances in the community settings and 37% in residential settings. Older age group (Youth older than 16 years), being a victim of abuse, having experienced self-injurious ideation/attempt, being at risk of disrupted education, and having a parent/caregiver with addiction or substance use disorder were significantly associated with substance use. Several factors reduced the risk of substance use, including being a female, having anxiety symptoms, and having cognition problems. In conclusion, the study found that individual and parental factors increase youth’s risk of substance use, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach that includes consideration of social and biological risk factors to prevention/risk reduction, risk assessment, management, and recovery.
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15
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Food Addiction Features Are Related to Worse Academic Performance in Adolescents. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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16
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Mamudu HM, Shahani D, Jones A, Ahuja M, Adeniran E, Weierbach F, Swindle J, Liu Y, Keener J, Blair CJ, McNabb M, Asare M, Wood DL, Ferketich A. Exploring Patterns of the Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems among Adolescents in High-Risk Appalachian (U.S.A) Communities. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:167-174. [PMID: 34927538 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1990333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among adolescents in the United States (U.S.) has surpassed conventional tobacco products (CTPs), including cigarettes. Increasingly, ENDS are used concurrently with CTPs and substances such as cannabis. However, few studies involve Central Appalachia, a region with historically high rates of tobacco and other substance use. Objective: To examine prevalence of concurrent use of ENDS and cannabis among school-going adolescents in Appalachian Tennessee and delineate associations between ENDS use and substance-related risk behavior (cannabis use), social relations (peer use), and school-related risk behavior (academic performance). Methods: Data were obtained from a survey conducted with youth aged 13-17 years in 2018 in a county in Appalachian Tennessee (n = 280). A multivariable logistic regression model was fit to evaluate associations between ENDS and cannabis use, and other factors. Results: Overall, lifetime ENDS and cannabis prevalence estimates were 31.1% and 18.6%, respectively. Lifetime ENDS users had increased odds of also being lifetime cannabis users [OR = 9.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.44-24.75]. Lifetime ENDS users had increased odds of reporting ENDS use among peers [OR = 12.11; 95% CI: 5.40-27.12] and lower academic performance (OR associated with mostly C or D vs. A grades was 4.28, 95% CI: 1.68-10.90). Conclusion: This study found an association between ENDS and cannabis use among adolescents in Appalachian Tennessee exists. Additionally, peer use and academic performance were associated with ENDS use. The findings have implications for public health intervention planning to address not only ENDS but also substance use among Appalachian youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadii M Mamudu
- East Tennessee States University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Disha Shahani
- George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Antwan Jones
- George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Manik Ahuja
- East Tennessee States University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Esther Adeniran
- East Tennessee States University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jean Swindle
- East Tennessee States University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- East Tennessee States University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Janet Keener
- East Tennessee States University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cynthia J Blair
- East Tennessee States University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - David L Wood
- East Tennessee States University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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Arumi-Prat I, Cirera E, McKenna J, Puig-Ribera AM. From Secondary School to University: Associations Between Domain-Specific Sedentary Behaviors and Lifestyle Risk Behaviors. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221118843. [PMID: 36113031 PMCID: PMC9483951 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221118843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined associations between changes in domain-specific sedentary behaviors and changes in health-related lifestyles of Spanish secondary school students (n = 113) to their first year of university. During the transitions from the end of high school to the beginning of university, engagement in sedentary behaviors have emerged as potential additional behavioral risk factors. Understanding how sedentary behaviors interconnect with other (un)healthy behaviors will inform interventions on multiple risk behaviors across this critical life period. A 3-year longitudinal survey assessed associations between domain-specific sedentary behaviors and leisure time physical activity (IPAQ), alcohol and tobacco consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake (24-h dietary recall), using Generalized Estimating Equations. Spending time on sedentary transportation was associated with a greater likelihood of smoking, whereas sedentary weekend homework was associated with a reduced likelihood of consuming alcohol. The lowest and highest tertiles for sedentary screen use and leisure-time PA were also less likely not to meet the recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption. For specific sedentary behaviors, associations were gender-based or affected by leisure time physical activity. From secondary school to university, specific sedentary behaviors are linked to lifestyle risk factors. Over this transitional period, public health interventions targeting reduced sedentary behaviors may bring multiple benefits by also preventing other harmful behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Cirera
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Belintxon M, Calatrava M, Osorio A, Balaguer Á, Vidaurreta M. Internal developmental assets and substance use among Hispanic adolescents. A cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs 2021; 78:1990-2003. [PMID: 34821407 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the associations between internal assets (planning and decision-making, interpersonal competence and commitment to learning) and substance use (tobacco, alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana use and other drugs). DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in four countries (Chile, Mexico, Spain and Peru). METHODS Adolescents aged 12-18 self-completed a multi-purpose questionnaire between 2016 and 2019. Multiple logistic regressions and structural equation models were performed to analyse the association between internal assets (planning and decision-making, interpersonal competence, and commitment to learning) and substance use. RESULTS The results indicate that planning and decision-making and commitment to learning are conducive to the prevention of substance use. On the contrary, interpersonal competence was not associated with substance use. CONCLUSION The present study shows that planning and decision-making and commitment to learning can be relevant factors in explaining substance use during adolescence. Internal assets can be an important aspect to include in health promotion interventions with children, youth and families to prevent substance use. These findings may be useful for researchers, schools, paediatric nurse practitioners, and health professionals in general to design health programs focused on children and adolescents. Furthermore, the Developmental Assets framework has been proved as a suitable frame of reference for paediatric nurse practitioners to assess and develop child and adolescent positive development and design health promotion interventions to prevent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Belintxon
- School of Nursing, Department of Community, Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Calatrava
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Institute for Culture and Society, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Osorio
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Institute for Culture and Society, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,School of Education and Psychology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Balaguer
- School of Education and Psychology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Vidaurreta
- School of Nursing, Department of Community, Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Leal WE, Jackson DB, Boccio CM. Adolescent Energy Drink Consumption and Academic Risk: Results From the Monitoring the Future Study, 2010-2016. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:281-290. [PMID: 34697949 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211043118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aims to examine the role of energy drink and energy shot consumption in school disengagement, low academic performance, and academic expectations, and investigates the robustness of these associations across sex, grade, race, and substance use history. METHOD This study employs a pooled cross-sectional design and uses a nationally representative sample of 8th (ages 13-14 years) and 10th (ages 15-16 years) grade adolescents from seven recent cohorts (2010-2016) of the Monitoring the Future study. Logistic regression and negative binomial regression were employed to examine the association between energy drink and energy shot consumption and academic risk factors, controlling for sociodemographic factors and other health and social behaviors. Ancillary robustness checks across key subgroups in the data were also performed. RESULTS The results indicate that energy drink and energy shot consumers are significantly more likely to report all academic risk outcomes. Specifically, youth who heavily use energy drinks and shots have significantly higher odds of each of the academic risk outcomes relative to both less habitual users and nonusers. These patterns hold across subgroups, despite associations being somewhat stronger among females, younger participants, Whites, and youth with no substance use history. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that energy drink consumption (particularly heavy consumption) may be an early warning sign of academic risk. It may be beneficial to limit adolescent energy drink consumption, provide early intervention for heavy adolescent consumers, and raise awareness of the dangers associated with their use.
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20
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Paat YF, Hope TL, Dominguez S. Substance use behavior among Hispanic emerging adults in Los Angeles, California. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2021; 22:453-476. [PMID: 34487485 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.1952131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This research examined illicit drug use and substance abuse disorders among Hispanic emerging adults using a two time-point study. Hypothesized predictors included concurrent use of different types of substances in adolescence and early adulthood (illicit drug use, binge alcohol use, and cigarette-smoking), along with the socialization context (family, peer, school, and other contextual factors) in adolescence. Overall, the findings showed that emerging adults who engaged in binge use of alcohol reported higher levels of illicit drug use and substance abuse disorders. Smoking cigarettes was associated with higher levels of illicit drug use in emerging adulthood, but not substance use disorders. Illicit drug use and binge alcohol use in adolescence were linked to higher levels of illicit drug use in emerging adulthood. Further, respondents who engaged in higher levels of illicit drug use, binge drinking, and smoking in adolescence were more likely to report higher levels of substance use disorders in early adulthood, signaling the importance of assessing adolescent drug use as a critical period for curbing long-term substance use-related impairment. Sibling alcohol use, college aspirations, and perceived discrimination during adolescence were also predictive of higher levels of substance use disorders in early adulthood. Higher academic achievement in adolescence, however, was associated with lower levels of illicit drug use in emerging adulthood. Lastly, males reported higher levels of illicit drug use and substance abuse disorders than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yok-Fong Paat
- The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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21
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Soliman SS, Allam HK, Habib NM, Abdallah AR, Hassan OM. Work schedule and substance abuse in vocational students. J Public Health Res 2021; 11. [PMID: 34351099 PMCID: PMC8883556 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug abuse is one of the world's most serious and rapidly rising problems, causing a wide variety of health issues with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the association between part-time work and substance abuse among vocational students. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study that included all part-time working male students from five vocational male schools, and we used a standardized pretested questionnaire after obtaining written informed consent. A One-Step Multi-Drug Screen Test was used to assess the substances that were abused. RESULTS A total of 316 out of the 400 invited students participated in our study. Of the total screened subjects, 26.6 % were abusing substances. Twenty-five (36.2%) day working adolescents, nine (14.0%) night working adolescents, and forty (36.0%) day and night working adolescents were abusers.Tobacco was the most widely abused drug (68%) in the form of smoking, followed by cannabis (24%), marijuana (16.4%), alcohol (10%), and opioid (6.3%). Night workers had significantly lower rates of smoking, cannabis, Marijuana, alcohol, or opioids abuse, and Logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of the work schedule on the likelihood that participants have substance abuse; Night workers were 7.14 times less likely to have substance abuse than day workers, while day and night work did not differ from day work. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of drug abuse in vocational students is considered high and a serious problem that damages the youth and the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Sherif Soliman
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.
| | - Heba Khodary Allam
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.
| | - Nagwa Mahmoud Habib
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University.
| | - Ayat Roushdy Abdallah
- Epidemiology and preventive medicine department, National liver Institute, Menoufia University.
| | - Omayma M Hassan
- Community, Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University.
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Examining the relationships among adolescent health behaviours, prefrontal function, and academic achievement using fNIRS. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 50:100983. [PMID: 34265630 PMCID: PMC8280512 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies document effects of lifestyle behaviors on the brain and academics. Among adolescents we found that activity and eating both predict task performance. Activity also predicts functional activation in the right lateral dlPFC, but not grades. Substance use predicted worse grades but not brain-related mediators.
Several adolescent health behaviours have been hypothesized to improve academic performance via their beneficial impact on cognitive control and functional aspects of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The primary objective of this study is to examine the association between lifestyle behaviours and academic performance in a sample of adolescents, and to examine the extent to which activity within the PFC and behavioural indices of inhibition may mediate this relationship. Sixty-seven adolescents underwent two study sessions five days apart. Sleep and physical activity were measured using wrist-mounted accelerometry; eating habits, substance use and academic achievement were measured by self-report. Prefrontal function was quantified by Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT) performance, and task-related activity via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Higher levels of physical activity predicted higher MSIT accuracy scores (β = .321, ρ = 0.019) as well as greater activation within the right dlPFC (b = .008, SE = .004, ρ = .0322). Frequency of fast-food consumption and substance use were negatively associated with MSIT accuracy scores (β = −0.307, ρ = .023) and Math grades (b = −3.702, SE = 1.563, ρ = .022), respectively. Overall, the results of this study highlight the importance of lifestyle behaviours as predictors of prefrontal function and academic achievement in youth.
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Student burnout and engagement: Relationship with adolescent use of alcohol and attitudes towards authority. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2021; 21:100225. [PMID: 33679999 PMCID: PMC7890408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The burnout syndrome has been related to development of transgressive attitudes toward norms that facilitate risk behaviors in youth, such as drinking alcohol. On the contrary, academic engagement is related to positive attitudes toward authority which can slow down its use. The objective was analyze the relationships between burnout and academic engagement, attitudes toward authority and use of alcohol. Method: The sample included a total of 1,287 high school students who anonymously filled out the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students and the Scale of Attitudes toward Institutional Authority in adolescents, along with questions on drinking alcohol. Results: It was observed that cynicism had a significant effect on positive attitude toward rule-breaking, and this in turn, on frequency of drinking. The engagement dedication factor was shown to have a significant direct effect on positive attitude toward institutional authority, and this on drinking frequency. Conclusions: Promoting measures for decreasing burnout in youth and stimulating academic engagement could have repercussions on attitudes toward rules and the presence of risk behavior.
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Vundavalli S, Alfawzan AA, Ramaiah VV, Alruwaithi M, AlMogbel A, Mathew M. Exposure to parental and sibling smoking and future intentions to smoke among 13-15 years old school age children in Saudi Arabia. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:158. [PMID: 33995765 PMCID: PMC8077676 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.158.27825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction prevalence of smoking in school children is alarming in Saudi Arabia and little is well-known about the aspects stimulating such behaviours in secondary school children. The aim of this study was to assess the association between influence of parent/sibling/peer smoking and future intentions to initiate smoke among 13-15 years old school children in Al Ras town, Saudi Arabia. Methods a cross sectional survey was conducted in Al Ras city during first quarter of 2019. Data was collected from 492 secondary school children who were selected through multistage stratified cluster sampling. Pretested, self-administered Arabic questionnaire was used to collect data about socio-demographic and prevalence of current smoking behaviours and associated factors. Descriptive statistics was done initially, following by binomial regression to assess the predictors of current smoking and future smoking intentions. Results the overall prevalence of smoking in respondents was 22.7% and statistically significant difference in smoking prevalence's between boys and girls was observed (40% vs 5.6%). Among the predictors of current smoking, smoking habits in siblings and getting pocket money over 200 Saudi riyals are found to be significant. Siblings smoking (odds ratio: 6.4) and poor academic performance (odds ratio: 3.2) were the two most important factors influencing children's intentions of smoking. Conclusion smoking prevalence in secondary school children of Al Ras was similar to national data. Since, influence of siblings, getting more pocket money and poor academic performance were found to important predictors of children smoking behaviours and attitudes, health education programs should address these factors to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Vundavalli
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Alfawzan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Moataz Alruwaithi
- Eastern Riyadh Specialized Dental Center, Ministry Of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdulMajeed AlMogbel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Merin Mathew
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, Dental Materials Division, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
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Seilo N, Paldanius S, Autio R, Kunttu K, Kaila M. Associations between e-health questionnaire responses, health checks and graduation: Finnish register-based study of 2011-2012 university entrants. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041551. [PMID: 33328260 PMCID: PMC7745680 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between health and study-related factors measured by an Electronic Health Questionnaire (eHQ), participation in a health examination process and graduation in a university student population. DESIGN Nationwide, retrospective, register-based cohort study with a 6-year follow-up. SETTING Student health care in Finland. Finnish Student Health Service (FSHS) provides statutory student health services to university students in Finland. The health examination process of FSHS includes the eHQ provided annually to university entrants and a subsequent health check when necessary based on students' eHQ response. PARTICIPANTS A national cohort of university entrants from the 2011-2012 academic year (n=14 329, n (female)=8075, n (male)=6254). OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was graduation, measured based on whether a student had completed a bachelor's, licentiate or master's degree during the 6-year follow-up. RESULTS Some 72% of the women and 60% of the men had graduated during the follow-up. The predictors in the eHQ associated with non-graduation differed by sex. Among the women's low enthusiasm about studies (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9 to 3.6), low engagement with studies (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.4) and daily smoking (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.6) were the strongest predictors to non-graduation. Among the men, low engagement with studies (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.5 to 5.5) and obesity (body mass index≥35) (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.9 to 8.8) were the strongest predictors to non-graduation. Not attending the health check when referred was associated with non-graduation in both sexes: the OR for not graduating was 1.6 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.9) in women and 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.6) in men. CONCLUSIONS Engagement and enthusiasm about studying in the first year are important predictors of graduation and therefore a potential intervention target. Health promotion initiatives conducted early in the studies may have a positive effect on students' academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Seilo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Paldanius
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Reija Autio
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Minna Kaila
- Public Health Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Harris C, Vazsonyi AT, Özdemir Y, Sağkal AS. Family environment and school engagement:An investigation of cross-lagged effects. J Adolesc 2020; 84:171-179. [PMID: 32937219 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although an extensive body of work has shown that family functioning is linked to adolescent outcomes, less is known about how the family affects school outcomes and vice versa. The present longitudinal study tested reciprocal relationships between the family environment and school engagement during the middle school years. METHODS A cross-lagged latent model tested these effects in 378 Turkish youth (53.7% males; M = 11.73, SD = 0.53) evaluated annually (Waves 1, 2, and 3) in grades 6 through 8. RESULTS Findings showed the family environment positively predicted developmental changes in school engagement at each time point (β range = 0.18 to 0.24); school engagement also positively predicted developmental changes in the family environment (β range = 0.12 to 0.28). Follow-up multigroup tests by age, sex, and family structure showed that the reciprocal links between the family environment and school engagement were invariant. CONCLUSIONS Study findings supported reciprocal longitudinal links between developmental changes of the family environment and school engagement. They extend previous research by highlighting the continued importance of the home environment on developmental changes in academic performance in adolescents, and thus, inform parents, educators, and policymakers on the relevance of the family in promoting academic engagement and achievement in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Harris
- State University of New York at Oswego, University of Kentucky, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Turkey.
| | - Alexander T Vazsonyi
- State University of New York at Oswego, University of Kentucky, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Özdemir
- State University of New York at Oswego, University of Kentucky, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
| | - Ali Serdar Sağkal
- State University of New York at Oswego, University of Kentucky, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Turkey
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Tan K, Davis JP, Smith DC, Yang W. Individual, Family, and School Correlates across Patterns of High School Poly-substance Use. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:743-751. [PMID: 31829078 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1701035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent popularity in e-cigarette use among high school students and the legalization of marijuana across many states resulted in new patterns of poly-substance use (PSU). Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand contemporary patterns of PSU and their associations with individual social-emotional characteristics (sensation seeking, perceived harm, life satisfaction) and social-contextual factors (parental involvement, school norms, academics, and behaviors). Methods: Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of PSU among 12th-grade students (n = 8417) from the 2016 Monitoring the Future project. Multinomial logistic regression was used to understand the relationship among individual characteristics, social-contextual factors, and patterns of PSU. Results: From the LCA, three patterns of PSU were identified: (1) low-use (72.2%); (2) pre-dominantly marijuana use with some co-occurring substance use (23.8%); and (3) high PSU (4.0%). Results indicate that students with pre-dominant marijuana use were differentiated from those with PSU by having higher perceived harm of electronic and regular cigarette, heavy alcohol use, and better academic grades. Furthermore, students with both polysubstance and pre-dominant marijuana use, when compared to those with low-use, had lower life satisfaction, higher sensation seeking, lower perceived harm of substance use, poorer grades, and more disciplinary problems. Conclusion/Importance: Findings draw attention to the importance of understanding levels of life satisfaction, sensation seeking, perceived harm, academic grades, and disciplinary problems as they pertain to contemporary patterns of PSU. Schools should consider a tailored and multi-tiered approach to addressing students' substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tan
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jordan P Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Department of Children, Youth, and Families, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas C Smith
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Wang Yang
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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King SM, McGee J, Winters KC, DuPont RL. Correlates of Substance Use Abstinence and Non-Abstinence Among High School Seniors: Results From the 2014 Monitoring the Future Survey. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2019.1608343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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