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Melbøe L, Kane AA. With the best intentions: Implications on self-determination during Covid-19 restrictions. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13257. [PMID: 38813709 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In times of crisis, the interests of the individual might be sacrificed for the health and safety of others. The aim of this study was to explore the situation under Covid-19 for persons with intellectual disabilities, focusing on implications on the right to self-determination within health protection. METHOD To understand how the relevant legal framework was governed by authorities and service providers during the Covid-19 pandemic, we have performed semi-structured interviews with 19 service providers in municipal home care services. RESULTS Many residents were provided adequate and adapted information about Covid-19, but very few were involved in the introduction and implementation of infection control measures. CONCLUSIONS Our study has revealed how a crisis such as the pandemic not only puts the health of people with intellectual disabilities at risk, but also challenges their right to self-determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Melbøe
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Social Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Harstad, Norway
| | - Aina Aune Kane
- Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, Department of Child Welfare and Social Work, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Caton S, Hatton C, Gillooly A, Oloidi E, Clarke L, Bradshaw J, Flynn S, Taggart L, Mulhall P, Jahoda A, Maguire R, Marriott A, Todd S, Abbott D, Beyer S, Gore N, Heslop P, Scior K, Hastings RP. Online social connections and Internet use among people with intellectual disabilities in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic. NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY 2024; 26:2804-2828. [PMID: 38706952 PMCID: PMC11068496 DOI: 10.1177/14614448221093762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Having a disability, in particular, an intellectual disability, is associated with Internet non-use. This article explores how people with intellectual disabilities used the Internet across the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic. In April to May 2021, 571 adults with intellectual disabilities were interviewed. Participants most commonly used the Internet for being with family and friends, social media or doing online activities with other people. People who lived with family were the most likely to use social media; people who lived with other people with intellectual disabilities were the least likely. People who self-reported as not lonely were more likely to use the Internet for online activities with others and play video games with others. Social connections were identified as the best thing about the Internet. Many participants chose not to identify a worst thing about Internet use, while others reported issues with technology, online harm and threats to well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Caton
- Sue Caton, Department of Social Care & Social Work, Faculty of Health & Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Brooks Building, 53 Bonsall Street, Manchester M15 6GX, UK.
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3
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Benson-Goldberg S, Geist L, Erickson K. Simplified COVID-19 guidance for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13222. [PMID: 38494739 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created guidance documents that were too complex to be read and understood by the majority of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities who often read at or below a third-grade reading level. This study explored the extent to which these adults could read and understand CDC documents simplified using Minimised Text Complexity Guidelines. METHOD This study involved 20 participants, 18-48 years of age. Participants read texts and responded to multiple-choice items and open-ended questions to gather information about how they interacted with and understood the texts. RESULTS The results provide initial evidence that the Minimised Text Complexity Guidelines resulted in texts that participants could read and understand. CONCLUSION Implications for increasing the accessibility of public health information so that it can be read and understood by adults with extremely low literacy skills are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Benson-Goldberg
- Center for Literacy and Disability Studies, Department of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Lori Geist
- Center for Literacy and Disability Studies, Department of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Karen Erickson
- Center for Literacy and Disability Studies, Department of Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Tromans S, Rybczynska-Bunt S, Mitchell S, Cummins S, Cox D, Downing J, Lee PH, Teece L, Marson T, Shankar R. Acceptability of virtual psychiatric consultations for routine follow-ups post COVID-19 pandemic for people with intellectual disabilities: cross-sectional study. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e90. [PMID: 38639214 PMCID: PMC11060089 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the rapid implementation of digital health services during the COVID-19 pandemic, a paucity of research exists about the suitability of remote consulting in people with intellectual disabilities and their carers, particularly for neuropsychiatric reviews. AIM This study examines when remote neuropsychiatric routine consulting is suitable for this population. METHOD A survey was conducted of people with intellectual disabilities and their carers, examining their preference between face-to-face and video consultations for ongoing neuropsychiatric reviews within a rural countywide intellectual disability service in Cornwall, England (population: 538 000). The survey was sent to all adults with intellectual disabilities open to the service on 30 July 2022, closing on 30 September 2022. Participants were asked to provide responses on 11 items predesigned and co-produced between clinicians and experts by experience. The entire service caseload of people had White ethnicity, reflecting the ethnic demographics of Cornwall. Responses received without consent were excluded from the study dataset. RESULTS Of 271 eligible participants, 119 responses were received, 104 of whom consented to having their anonymised data used for research analysis. There were no significant differences between preferences and age and gender variables. There was no statistically significant difference regarding preference for the reintroduction of face-to-face appointments (52.0%) compared with video consultations (48.0%). Travel distance (>10 miles) to the clinical setting was important but did not outweigh benefits for those preferring a face-to-face appointment. CONCLUSIONS This study offers insights into the factors that influence preferences about what type of neuropsychiatric appointment is most suitable for people with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Tromans
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
- Adult Learning Disability Service, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Sarah Mitchell
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER) Cornwall Partnership Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
| | - Susan Cummins
- Community and Primary Care Research Group, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - David Cox
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER) Cornwall Partnership Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
| | | | - Paul H. Lee
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Lucy Teece
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Tony Marson
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rohit Shankar
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER) Cornwall Partnership Foundation Trust, Truro, UK
- Cornwall Intellectual Disability Equitable Research (CIDER) Peninsular Medical School, University of Plymouth, Truro, UK
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5
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Piekema L, Ten Brug A, Waninge A, van der Putten A. From assistive to inclusive? A systematic review of the uses and effects of technology to support people with pervasive support needs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13181. [PMID: 38369310 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although particular technologies can enhance the quality of life (QoL) of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (we use the term pervasive support needs), their objectives and outcomes are understudied. A systematic literature review was therefore conducted to explore this topic. METHOD A search of four databases yielded 64 studies. Data were extracted on their general characteristics, methods and sample characteristics as well as the technology types, QoL domains and application within ecological systems. A narrative synthesis was subsequently developed. RESULTS Most of the studies applied assistive technology (AT) and focused on personal development and self-determination on an individual level. CONCLUSIONS Technology can enhance the QoL of people with pervasive support needs. There are indications that although MT and UD-based technology are used in practice, few studies have examined these technologies. Therefore, there is a knowledge gap regarding the kinds of technology that are used in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Piekema
- Department of Inclusive and Special Needs Education, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annet Ten Brug
- Department of Inclusive and Special Needs Education, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aly Waninge
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Health Psychology Research, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Putten
- Department of Inclusive and Special Needs Education, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lunsky Y, Lake J, Thakur A. The Power of Partnerships to Identify and Address Mental Health Concerns Experienced by Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 129:96-100. [PMID: 38411240 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-129.2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
There are significant research gaps with regard to understanding and addressing the mental health concerns of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and their families. In this article, we reflect on research we have carried out about mental health and IDD prior to and during the pandemic in Ontario, Canada. We aim to address how partnering with people with IDD, family caregivers, service providers, and policy makers can help accelerate needed progress in this area. We conclude with some lessons learned during the pandemic about what to emphasize in building and maintaining such partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Lunsky
- Yona Lunsky, Johanna Lake, and Anupam Thakur, Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - Johanna Lake
- Yona Lunsky, Johanna Lake, and Anupam Thakur, Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - Anupam Thakur
- Yona Lunsky, Johanna Lake, and Anupam Thakur, Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto
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Bakkum L, Piekema L, Douma L, Schuengel C, Sterkenburg P, Adam E, Brug AT, Frielink N, Embregts P, Tharner A. Pushing the boundaries of digital social contact: Experiences of people with disabilities and their social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023:17446295231210021. [PMID: 37878741 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231210021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people with intellectual disabilities living in care facilities could not receive visitors. Health authorities suggested the use of digital social contact as an alternative for in-person visits. We examined how people with intellectual disabilities living in care facilities experienced the use of digital social contact with their informal social network throughout 2020. Residents, their relatives, volunteer visitors, direct support staff, and care facility managers (N = 283) completed an online questionnaire, of whom 35 participated in an interview. Video calling and in-person visits were among the most common forms of staying in touch. Experiences with digital social contact depended on residents' abilities and support needs, and on preconditions, such as staff availability. The first phases of the pandemic led to experiences of possibilities and benefits of using digital social contact as complementary to in-person contact for people with different levels of intellectual disability, also after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Bakkum
- Department of Educational and Family Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Viveon
| | - Lotte Piekema
- Department of Inclusive and Special Needs Education and Child Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Academische Werkplaats EMB
| | - Linda Douma
- Department of Educational and Family Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Viveon
| | - Carlo Schuengel
- Department of Educational and Family Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Viveon
| | - Paula Sterkenburg
- Department of Educational and Family Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Academische Werkplaats Sociale relaties en gehechtheid
| | - Esmee Adam
- Academische Werkplaats Leven met een verstandelijke beperking, Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Annet Ten Brug
- Department of Inclusive and Special Needs Education and Child Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Academische Werkplaats EMB
| | - Noud Frielink
- Academische Werkplaats Leven met een verstandelijke beperking, Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Petri Embregts
- Academische Werkplaats Leven met een verstandelijke beperking, Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Tharner
- Department of Educational and Family Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Viveon
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Morris S, Farran EK, Gilligan-Lee KA. Examining the prevalence and type of technology-use in people with Down syndrome: Perspectives from parents and caregivers. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023:17446295231176121. [PMID: 37201287 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231176121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Familiarity with technology has become a requirement for independent living, however there is limited information on technology access and use for people with Down syndrome (DS). The aim of this study is to describe technology, gaming, and social-media use in people with DS. Parents/caregivers (N = 220) of individuals with DS aged 5-35 years (49% female) completed an online questionnaire. They felt that technology and social media use, and to a lesser extent gaming, played an important role in their son/daughter's life. However, many had concerns about their son/daughter's safety online, and identified challenges they faced with using technology, such as using a mouse and speech recognition. We also found substantial parental interest in learning more about technology-use in DS, particularly the impact of using social media. This paper summarises important details about technology-use in people with DS, providing foundational information for the design of effective technology-based activities and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Morris
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Emily K Farran
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Centre for Educational Neuroscience, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - Katie A Gilligan-Lee
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Centre for Educational Neuroscience, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK; School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Kim J, Chung YJ. A case study of group art therapy using digital media for adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1172079. [PMID: 37200905 PMCID: PMC10187545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1172079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In art therapy, digital art therapy is a new method in which clients use digital media to express themselves creatively. We wanted to explore what this means for adolescents with disabilities. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explain what kind of experience they had when digital media was applied as an expressive and therapeutic medium in group art therapy in which adolescents with intellectual disabilities were participants and what kind of therapeutic meaning the experience had. We tried to know the therapeutic factors by extracting the implications of meaning. Methods Participants were second-year high school students with intellectual disabilities who belonged to special classes. They were selected in an intentional purposive sampling method. Five teenagers with intellectual disabilities participated in 11 group art therapy sessions. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and digital artwork collection. Collected data were case studies analyzed using an inductive approach. In this study, the use of digital media was defined and utilized as "Digital Art Therapy" by setting the scope related to the study according to client's behavioral method. Results As a digital generation accustomed to smartphones, the participants gained confidence by repeatedly acquiring new technologies through familiarity with the media. Interaction with the media through touch and the use of apps have promoted autonomy with interest and pleasure to disabled teenagers, allowing them to express themselves actively. In particular, digital art therapy induces a holistic sensory experience by mobilizing visual images that could represent various expressions, emotions felt in music and tactile senses that made texts for people with intellectual disabilities with difficulty in verbal communication. Discussion Art therapy using digital media has become an important experience that provides opportunities to arouse curiosity, enjoy creative activities, and express positive emotions vividly to adolescents with intellectual disabilities who have difficulties with expression and communication and a sense of lethargy. Therefore, it is suggested that an in-depth understanding of the characteristics and differences between traditional and digital media is necessary, and that complementary use to help create therapeutic purposes and art therapy is important.
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MacHale R, Ffrench C, McGuire B. The experiences and views of adults with intellectual disabilities accessing digital mental health interventions: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:448-457. [PMID: 36781378 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology is ubiquitous in all aspects of daily life and research interest in the topic of digital mental health interventions (DMHI) for people with intellectual disabilities is growing. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated technology use in delivering mental health supports. METHOD This review used a qualitative systematic literature review methodology with the aim of collating the views and experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities accessing DMHI. The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and SCOPUS were searched in March 2022. RESULTS Five studies were selected in this review, and three major narrative themes were generated, each with sub-themes: (1) User experience with DMHI (personal experience, digital experience); (2) Relationships fostered through technology (interpersonal support, relating to virtual characters, computer as skilled helper); (3) Psychological benefits (new skills development, personal autonomy development). CONCLUSION This review highlights that, although there is a diversity of views and experiences of people with intellectual disabilities, the evidence suggests that DMHI has potential to support this population given the right opportunities. Findings also point to the benefit of technology as a complement to therapy, but not necessarily as a replacement to in-person therapeutic encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathal Ffrench
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian McGuire
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Scior K, Richardson L, Osborne M, Randell E, Roche H, Ali A, Bonin EM, Burke C, Crabtree J, Davies K, Gillespie D, Jahoda A, Johnson S, Hastings RP, McNamara R, Wright M. Standing up for Myself (STORM): Adapting and piloting a web-delivered psychosocial group intervention for people with intellectual disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 137:104496. [PMID: 37094392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our STORM intervention was developed for people (16 +) with intellectual disabilities to enhance their capacity to manage and resist stigma. The current study describes the adaptation of STORM for (synchronous) on-line delivery in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. AIMS To adapt the manualised face-to-face STORM group intervention for delivery via web-based meeting platforms and to conduct an initial pilot study to consider its acceptability and feasibility. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The 5-session STORM intervention was carefully adapted for online delivery. In a pilot study with four community groups (N = 22), outcome, health economics and attendance data were collected, and fidelity of delivery assessed. Focus groups with participants, and interviews with facilitators provided data on acceptability and feasibility. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The intervention was adapted with minimal changes to the content required. In the pilot study, 95% of participants were retained at follow-up, 91% attended at least three of the five sessions. Outcome measure completion and fidelity were excellent, and facilitators reported implementation to be feasible. The intervention was reported to be acceptable by participants. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS When provided with the necessary resources and support, people with intellectual disabilities participate actively in web-delivered group interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Scior
- Clinical Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Lisa Richardson
- Clinical Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michaela Osborne
- Clinical Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Afia Ali
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Karuna Davies
- Clinical Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Jahoda
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sean Johnson
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Melissa Wright
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Tahir M, Cobigo V. Accessibility of child protection investigations during pandemic: A qualitative analysis of court proceedings. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:343-353. [PMID: 36530018 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qualitative research using published court records to examine contextual factors that contribute to child protection decisions in cases involving parents with intellectual disabilities is limited, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD The present study conducted qualitative content analysis on 10 published Ontario court cases to study child protection decision-making between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS The findings corroborated previous literature with nine out of 10 cases resulting in loss of child custody. Four major themes emerged from content analysis: (1) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cases; (2) Systemic barriers to accessibility; (3) Attitudes and bias toward parents with intellectual disabilities; and (4) Ultimate reliance on intellectual disability status for final custody decision. CONCLUSIONS Conducting content analysis on published court cases is useful in learning about accessibility barriers for parents with intellectual disabilities and may help in understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the child protection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Tahir
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kuruppu Arachchi T, Sitbon L, Zhang J, Koplick S, Hoogstrate M, Brereton M. Web search to access health information by adults with intellectual disability. ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/oir-06-2021-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis study explored the current and desired use of web-search, particularly for health information, by adults with intellectual disability.Design/methodology/approachThe authors surveyed 39 participants who were in supported employment or attending day centers in Australia. The survey, delivered through structured interviews, increased participation with data in a form of the participants' narratives. The responses were analyzed through a form of thematic analysis.FindingsThis study's results present the participants' daily health information interests, approaches to finding information and expectations for self-sufficiency. Participants' interest was in information to stay healthy rather than purely clinical information. The participants were keen to use online information in, accessible as well as entertaining and engaging formats. Supporting others close to the participants was the prominent intention of participants' health information access. Participants showed aspirations for an autonomous life by wanting to learn how to search.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study provide some avenues for consumer health information access to be respectful and inclusive of users with intellectual disability, both from an accessible design perspective as well as from a learning and support standpoint.Originality/valueThis study complements other human–computer interaction (HCI) studies which observe how adults with intellectual disability can be supported to engage with web search; this study offers the adults' verbalized perspectives on how adults wish to interact with web searching for health information, nuanced by adults' existing abilities and support needs.
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Habermann-Horstmeier L. [The situation of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the COVID-19 pandemic-risk factors, problem areas, and measures]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:283-291. [PMID: 36781428 PMCID: PMC9924858 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) were much more affected by COVID-19 than the average population. The morbidity in this population group was significantly higher due to the form of their housing and care as well as disability-associated health factors (such as Down's syndrome). This led, among other things, to a higher incidence of inpatient settings, a higher mortality rate among hospitalized patients, and a higher case fatality rate among certain subgroups. Risk factors were co-diseases such as dysphagia, epilepsy, or mental disorders. In addition, there were health consequences from restrictive exposure prophylaxis measures at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.This overview article describes the main developments in the care of people with IDD since the beginning of the pandemic. New mental problems or an increase in existing mental problems occurred more frequently in people with IDD who were cared for on an outpatient basis or by relatives. People with IDD in inpatient residential facilities were less frequently affected. The main reasons for psychological problems were lack of social contacts, lost work and employment opportunities, the frightening pandemic situation, and the major structural and personnel changes in the facilities at the beginning of the pandemic. During the pandemic, there were also problems with the implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. On the other hand, especially in the inpatient area, the "slowing down of life" associated with the restrictions at the beginning of the pandemic also had a stress-reducing effect on some of the people with IDD and was perceived by them as something positive. Caregivers had more time for the genuine (i.e., pedagogical) work. Overall, it was shown that health-promoting measures must also take into account the great heterogeneity of the people with IDD and their living conditions during the pandemic.
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15
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Hofstra R, Michels A, Meijer A. Online democratic participation during COVID-19. INFORMATION POLITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/ip-211540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In terms of the inclusivity of democracy, both the opportunities and risks of using digital media have been highlighted in the literature. Empirical research into the use of digital media and the inclusivity of citizen participation, however, is limited. More specifically, we have a limited understand of the relation between the ‘richness’ of digital media and the inclusivity of citizen engagement The introduction of digital participation by governments during the COVID-19 pandemic presents a highly interesting situation for studying the relation between digital participation and the inclusivity of citizen engagement. This paper presents an assessment of five cases in the Netherlands to explore to what extent the media richness of digital participation affects the inclusivity of citizen engagement. Our findings present few indications for the exclusion of citizens and, in contrast, highlight the participation of more citizens when access was facilitated through digital media. The overall picture that emerges is that especially lean digital tools, webinars, enhance inclusivity in terms of access but only richer tools, interactive platforms, also facilitate participation as interaction with citizens. To our surprise, we found that hybrid forms of participation fall short in providing opportunities for inclusive interaction. We end the paper by recommending governments to realize both broad and in-depth inclusive democracy by sequential use of lean media – webinars – to boost the access to participation and rich media – platforms and offline meetings – for interactions with citizens.
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Selick A, Durbin J, Hamdani Y, Rayner J, Lunsky Y. Accessibility of Virtual Primary Care for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e38916. [PMID: 35951444 PMCID: PMC9400841 DOI: 10.2196/38916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented increase in the delivery of virtual primary care. Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) have complex health care needs, and little is known about the value and appropriateness of virtual care for this patient population. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the accessibility of virtual primary care for patients with IDDs during the pandemic. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with 38 participants in Ontario, Canada between March and November 2021. A maximum variation sampling strategy was used to achieve a diverse sample including 11 adults with IDDs, 13 family caregivers, 5 IDD support staff members, and 9 primary care physicians. An iterative mixed inductive and deductive thematic analysis approach was used to code the data and synthesize higher-level themes. The analysis was informed by the Levesque Patient-Centered Access to Health Care Framework. Results We identified themes related to 4 of 5 access-to-care dimensions that highlighted both the benefits and challenges of virtual care for adults with IDDs. The benefits included saving time spent traveling and waiting; avoiding anxiety and challenging behavior for patients who struggle to attend in-person visits; allowing caregivers who live far away from their loved ones to participate; reducing illness transmission; and allowing health care providers to see patients in their home environments. The challenges included lack of access to necessary technology, lack of comfort or skill using technology, and lack of nonverbal communication; difficulty engaging and establishing rapport; patient exclusion from the health care encounter; and concerns about privacy and confidentiality. An overarching theme was that “one size does not fit all,” and the accessibility of virtual care was dependent on the interaction between the following 5 categories of factors: patient characteristics, patient context, caregiver characteristics, service context, and reason for a particular primary care visit. Though virtual care was not always appropriate, in some cases, it dramatically improved patients’ abilities to access necessary health care. Conclusions This study suggests that a flexible patient-centered system including multiple delivery modalities is needed to ensure all patients have access to primary care. Implementing this system will require improved virtual care platforms, access to technology for patients and caregivers, training for primary care providers, and appropriately aligned primary care funding models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avra Selick
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janet Durbin
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Provincial System Support Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yani Hamdani
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Rayner
- Alliance for Healthier Communities, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Forslund T, Fernqvist S, Tegler H. Parents with intellectual disability reporting on factors affecting their caregiving in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:1380-1389. [PMID: 36207144 PMCID: PMC9537890 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Parents with intellectual disability are vulnerable to parenting stress and overwhelming life events. The COVID‐19 pandemic constitutes a potentially overwhelming event, but there is little knowledge concerning the effects on parents' caregiving. The present study aimed to fill this gap. Method Semi‐structured interviews with 10 Swedish parents with intellectual disability were analysed using thematic analysis. Results One broad caregiving‐related theme: increased caregiving demands and reduced resources for coping resulting in strained parent–child interactions and relationships. Four subthemes highlighted influential factors: pandemic information, professional support, social relationships and informal support, and children's school activities. Strained parent–child interactions were particularly common in the absence of adapted pandemic information, if professional and informal support were compromised, and if the parents had dealt with school‐related changes. Conclusions Findings support contextual models of caregiving and a stress‐resources perspective, and emphasise the importance of adapted information and support to parents with intellectual disability during crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommie Forslund
- SUF‐Resource Center, Region Uppsala Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Psychology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stina Fernqvist
- Centre for Social Work (CESAR), Department of Sociology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Helena Tegler
- Centre for Social Work (CESAR), Department of Sociology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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Mikulak M, Ryan S, Russell S, Caton S, Keagan‐Bull R, Spalding R, Ribenfors F, Hatton C. 'Internet is easy if you know how to use it': Doing online research with people with learning disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. BRITISH JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 2022; 51:BLD12495. [PMID: 36247097 PMCID: PMC9538067 DOI: 10.1111/bld.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic changed the way we live, work, interact and do research. Many activities moved online, and digital inclusion became an urgent issue for researchers working with people with learning disabilities and other groups at risk of exclusion. This has generated new questions about how we conduct research and what it means to go into 'the field'. Methods We discuss our experience working across four qualitative research projects involving 867 participants with learning disabilities, conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Findings Moving research online resulted in often-swift adaptations to research designs and practice, bringing new insights and benefits to our studies. The changing circumstances fostered innovation and greater flexibility and contributed to research becoming more accessible to many. However, doing research online also posed new challenges as well as amplified existing ones. Conclusions The pandemic has made it easier for some people with learning disabilities to participate in research, but more needs to be done to improve the reach and quality of that participation. Researchers should make the process of participation as accessible as possible. It is also their job to question and challenge the conditions that create barriers to participation in research and to look for ways to change these. We make some recommendations on how this can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mikulak
- Department of Social Care and Social WorkManchester Metropolitan University, Brooks BuildingManchesterUK
| | - Sara Ryan
- Department of Social Care and Social WorkManchester Metropolitan University, Brooks BuildingManchesterUK
| | - Siabhainn Russell
- Department of Social Care and Social WorkManchester Metropolitan University, Brooks BuildingManchesterUK
| | - Sue Caton
- Department of Social Care and Social WorkManchester Metropolitan University, Brooks BuildingManchesterUK
| | - Richard Keagan‐Bull
- Learning Disability EnglandBirminghamUK
- Kingston UniversityLondonUK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and EducationSt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Francesca Ribenfors
- Department of Social Care and Social WorkManchester Metropolitan University, Brooks BuildingManchesterUK
| | - Christopher Hatton
- Department of Social Care and Social WorkManchester Metropolitan University, Brooks BuildingManchesterUK
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St John L, Volpe T, Jiwa MI, Durbin A, Safar Y, Formuli F, Thakur A, Lake J, Lunsky Y. 'More together than apart': The evaluation of a virtual course to improve mental health and well-being of adults with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:1360-1369. [PMID: 35899843 PMCID: PMC9353296 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address the growing concerns over poor mental health experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a national virtual mental health course was delivered and evaluated. METHODS This mixed methods study utilized both qualitative and quantitative assessments. Participants were 27 adults with intellectual disabilities who participated in the 6-week course. Participants completed measures of self-efficacy and well-being at three time points and qualitative satisfaction measures at post and follow-up. RESULTS Attendance was high and the course was feasible and acceptable to participants. Positive changes related to mental health self-efficacy were detected (p = .01), though mental well-being did not improve. CONCLUSION The study provided evidence for the feasibility and value of the course for this population. Future research should examine how virtual courses could support the population in terms of pandemic recovery and how courses may work for individuals who are less independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura St John
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tiziana Volpe
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Muhammad Irfan Jiwa
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Durbin
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temertry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yousef Safar
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fatima Formuli
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anupam Thakur
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temertry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Johanna Lake
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temertry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Temertry Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Spassiani NA, Becaj M, Miller C, Hiddleston A, Hume A, Tait S. 'Now that I am connected this isn't social isolation, this is engaging with people': Staying connected during the COVID-19 pandemic. BRITISH JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 2022; 51:BLD12478. [PMID: 35602322 PMCID: PMC9111751 DOI: 10.1111/bld.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 global pandemic has put adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities at greater risk of being socially excluded due to physical distancing. Technology has been looked at as a tool for adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities to stay connected, however, little is known about this topic. The purpose of this study was to explore how a grassroots disability organisation used technology to help adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities feel socially connected during the pandemic. Methods Data were collected through questionnaires, attendance records, and field notes; and analysed through trend and thematic analysis. Findings Four main themes emerged from the data: active leadership, mental wellbeing, technology/digital inclusion, and safety. Conclusion These findings suggest that when participants overcome technological barriers they found it easy to socially connect online during lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojca Becaj
- School of Health and Social CareEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Clare Miller
- School of Health and Social CareEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Andrew Hiddleston
- School of Health and Social CareEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Aaron Hume
- School of Health and Social CareEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Stephan Tait
- School of Health and Social CareEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK
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Lunsky Y, Jahoda A, Navas P, Campanella S, Havercamp SM. The mental health and well-being of adults with intellectual disability during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review. JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 19:35-47. [PMID: 35601014 PMCID: PMC9115206 DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the start of the pandemic, adults with intellectual disability (ID) were more likely to experience mental health difficulties and face barriers obtaining mental health care. COVID-related public health restrictions, combined with heightened challenges to obtain timely mental health care, have served to worsen this situation internationally, with a combination of new onset conditions and worsening mental health for those already struggling. In this narrative review, we summarize literature on the mental health of adults with ID during the COVID-19 pandemic to describe what is known based on clinician perceptions, existing administrative health data, family and staff perceptions, and self-report. In addition to noting similarities and differences in findings based on the source of information, we also explored how experiences differed depending on where and when the research was conducted. Based primarily on research conducted during the first six months of the pandemic, there is a consistent finding across sources of increased anxiety, stress, and isolation. This review also explored the delivery of virtual mental health care and the impact of pandemic-based mental health interventions. There have been very few research studies evaluating clinical care during this time but clinicians have managed to provide supports virtually, which has been evaluated positively by some individuals. This narrative review concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and suggests key directions for future mental health research, policy, and practice efforts. Any mental health efforts now and during pandemic recovery need to have an understanding of how the mental health needs and services for adults with ID have evolved over the course of the pandemic. Further research is needed on the impact of both clinical interventions and other nonclinical efforts on the mental health of people with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Sabrina Campanella
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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